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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Texts_and_translations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Texts and translations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Texts_and_translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_material" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_material"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Secondary material</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_material-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Latin_text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Latin text</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_material_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_material_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Secondary material</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_material_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Apicius</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_re_coquinaria" title="De re coquinaria – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="De re coquinaria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apicius_(kniha)" title="Apicius (kniha) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Apicius (kniha)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_re_coquinaria" title="De re coquinaria – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="De re coquinaria" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apicius" title="Apicius – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Apicius" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_re_coquinaria" title="De re coquinaria – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="De re coquinaria" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_re_coquinaria" title="De re coquinaria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="De re coquinaria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_re_coquinaria" title="De re coquinaria – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="De re coquinaria" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%94%BC%ED%82%A4%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="아피키우스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아피키우스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apicius" title="Apicius – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Apicius" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apicius" title="Apicius – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Apicius" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_re_coquinaria" title="De re coquinaria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="De re coquinaria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1" title="אפיקיוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אפיקיוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apicius_sive_De_re_coquinaria" title="Apicius sive De re coquinaria – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Apicius sive De re coquinaria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98" title="Апициј – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Апициј" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kookboek_van_Apicius" title="Kookboek van Apicius – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kookboek van Apicius" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%94%E3%82%AD%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9_(%E6%9B%B8%E7%89%A9)" title="アピキウス (書物) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アピキウス (書物)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_sztuce_kulinarnej" title="O sztuce kulinarnej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="O sztuce kulinarnej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_re_coquinaria" title="De re coquinaria – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="De re coquinaria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_re_coquinaria" title="De re coquinaria – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="De re coquinaria" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81" title="Апициевский корпус – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Апициевский корпус" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apicius" title="Apicius – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Apicius" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apicius" title="Apicius – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Apicius" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apicius" title="Apicius – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Apicius" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apicius" title="Apicius – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Apicius" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_re_coquinaria" title="De re coquinaria – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="De re coquinaria" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apicius" title="Apicius – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Apicius" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q974141#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Apicius_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Apicius (disambiguation)">Apicius (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Apicius" title="Special:EditPage/Apicius">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Apicius%22">"Apicius"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Apicius%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Apicius%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Apicius%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Apicius%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Apicius%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apicius_Handschrift_New_York_Academy_of_Medicine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Apicius_Handschrift_New_York_Academy_of_Medicine.jpg/220px-Apicius_Handschrift_New_York_Academy_of_Medicine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Apicius_Handschrift_New_York_Academy_of_Medicine.jpg/330px-Apicius_Handschrift_New_York_Academy_of_Medicine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Apicius_Handschrift_New_York_Academy_of_Medicine.jpg/440px-Apicius_Handschrift_New_York_Academy_of_Medicine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1593" data-file-height="1258" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Apicius</i> manuscript (ca. 900 CE) of the <a href="/wiki/Fulda_monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulda monastery">monastery of Fulda</a> in Germany, which was acquired in 1929 by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Academy_of_Medicine" title="New York Academy of Medicine">New York Academy of Medicine</a></figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Apicius</b></i>, also known as <i><b>De re culinaria</b></i> or <i><b>De re coquinaria</b></i> (<i>On the Subject of Cooking</i>), is a collection of <a href="/wiki/Food_and_dining_in_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Food and dining in the Roman Empire">Roman cookery</a> recipes, which may have been compiled in the fifth century CE,<sup id="cite_ref-Laurioux_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laurioux-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or earlier. Its language is in many ways closer to <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar</a> than to <a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin" title="Classical Latin">Classical Latin</a>, with later recipes using Vulgar Latin (such as <i>ficatum</i>, <i>bullire</i>) added to earlier recipes using Classical Latin (such as <i>iecur</i>, <i>fervere</i>). </p><p>The book has been attributed to an otherwise unknown Caelius Apicius, an invention based on the fact that one of the two manuscripts is headed with the words "API CAE"<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or rather because a few recipes are attributed to Apicius in the text: Patinam Apicianam sic facies (IV, 14) Ofellas Apicianas (VII, 2). It has also been attributed to <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Gavius_Apicius" title="Marcus Gavius Apicius">Marcus Gavius Apicius</a>, a Roman <a href="/wiki/Gourmet" title="Gourmet">gourmet</a> who lived sometime in the 1st century CE during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a>. The book also may have been authored by a number of different Roman cooks from the first century CE.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the recipes contain the ingredient <a href="/wiki/Silphium" title="Silphium">silphium</a>, which is speculated to have become extinct in the first century CE, which supports the earlier date. However, based on textual analysis, the food scholar <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Laurioux" title="Bruno Laurioux">Bruno Laurioux</a> believes that the surviving version dates only from the fifth century (that is, the end of the Roman Empire): "The history of <i>De Re Coquinaria</i> indeed belongs then to the Middle Ages".<sup id="cite_ref-Laurioux_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laurioux-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apicius&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apicius_1541.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Apicius_1541.jpg/180px-Apicius_1541.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Apicius_1541.jpg/270px-Apicius_1541.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Apicius_1541.jpg/360px-Apicius_1541.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="616" /></a><figcaption>Apicius, <i>De re culinaria</i> (Lyon: Sebastianus Gryphium, 1541)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Latin text is organized in ten books with Greek titles, in an arrangement similar to that of a modern cookbook:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><i>Epimeles</i> — The Diligent</li> <li><i>Sarcoptes</i> — The Butcher</li> <li><i>Cepuros</i> — The Gardener</li> <li><i>Pandectes</i> — The Encyclopedia</li> <li><i>Ospreon</i> — Pulses & Legumes</li> <li><i>Aeropetes</i> — The Bird</li> <li><i>Polyteles</i> — The Sumptuous</li> <li><i>Tetrapus</i> — The Quadruped, Four-legged animals</li> <li><i>Thalassa</i> — The Sea, Seafood</li> <li><i>Halieus</i> — The Fisherman</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foods">Foods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apicius&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">foods</a> described in the book are useful for reconstructing the dietary habits of the ancient world around the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Basin">Mediterranean Basin</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> But the recipes are geared for the wealthiest classes, and a few contain what were exotic ingredients at that time (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Flamingo" title="Flamingo">flamingo</a>). A sample recipe from Apicius (8.6.2–3) follows:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Aliter haedinam sive agninam excaldatam:</b> mittes in caccabum copadia. cepam, coriandrum minutatim succides, teres piper, ligusticum, cuminum, <a href="/wiki/Liquamen" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquamen">liquamen</a>, oleum, vinum. coques, exinanies in patina, amulo obligas. [Aliter haedinam sive agninam excaldatam] agnina a crudo trituram mortario accipere debet, caprina autem cum coquitur accipit trituram.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Hot kid or lamb <a href="/wiki/Stew" title="Stew">stew</a>.</b> Put the pieces of <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a> into a pan. Finely chop an <a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">coriander</a>, pound pepper, <a href="/wiki/Lovage" title="Lovage">lovage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">cumin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garum" title="Garum">garum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cooking_oil" title="Cooking oil">oil</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a>. Cook, turn out into a shallow pan, thicken with <a href="/wiki/Wheat_starch" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheat starch">wheat starch</a>. If you take <a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">lamb</a> you should add the contents of the mortar while the meat is still raw, if <a href="/wiki/Goat_meat" title="Goat meat">kid</a>, add it while it is cooking.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vinidarius">Vinidarius</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apicius&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Vinidarius"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a completely different manuscript, there is also a very abbreviated <a href="/wiki/Epitome" title="Epitome">epitome</a> entitled <i>Apici excerpta a Vinidario</i>, a "pocket Apicius" by "an illustrious man" named <a href="/wiki/Vinidarius" title="Vinidarius">Vinidarius</a>, made as late as the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolingian era">Carolingian era</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Vinidarius of this book may have been a Goth, in which case his Gothic name may have been Vinithaharjis (𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌹𐍃), but this is only conjecture; despite being called "illustrious", nothing about him is truly known. </p><p><i>Apici excerpta a Vinidario</i> survives in a single 8th-century <a href="/wiki/Uncial" class="mw-redirect" title="Uncial">uncial</a> manuscript.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the title, this booklet is not an excerpt purely from the <i>Apicius</i> text we have today, as it contains material not included in the longer <i>Apicius</i> manuscripts. Either some text was lost between the time the excerpt was made and the time the manuscripts were written, or there never was a "standard <i>Apicius</i>" text because the contents changed over time as it was adapted by readers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Editions">Editions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apicius&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apicius_1709.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Apicius_1709.JPG/180px-Apicius_1709.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Apicius_1709.JPG/270px-Apicius_1709.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Apicius_1709.JPG/360px-Apicius_1709.JPG 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption><i>De opsoniis et condimentis</i> (Amsterdam: J. Waesbergios), 1709. Frontispiece of the second edition of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lister" title="Martin Lister">Martin Lister</a>'s privately printed version of <i>Apicius</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Once manuscripts surfaced, there were two early printed editions of <i>Apicius</i>, in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> (1498, under the title <i>In re quoquinaria</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> (1500). Four more editions in the next four decades reflect the appeal of <i>Apicius</i>. In the long-standard edition of C. T. Schuch (Heidelberg, 1867), the editor added some recipes from the Vinidarius manuscript. </p><p>Between 1498 (the date of the first printed edition) and 1936 (the date of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Dommers_Vehling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Dommers Vehling (page does not exist)">Joseph Dommers Vehling</a>'s translation into English and bibliography of Apicius), there were 14 editions of the Latin text (plus one possibly apocryphal edition). The work was not widely translated, however; the first translation was into <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, in 1852, followed in the 20th century by two translations into <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>. The French translation by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Gu%C3%A9gan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bertrand Guégan (page does not exist)">Bertrand Guégan</a> was awarded the 1934 <a href="/wiki/Prix_Langlois" title="Prix Langlois">Prix Langlois</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie française">Académie française</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apicius&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_cuisine" title="Medieval cuisine">Medieval cuisine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Viandier" title="Le Viandier">Le Viandier</a></i> – a recipe collection generally credited to Guillaume Tirel, c 1300</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_de_Coquina" title="Liber de Coquina">Liber de Coquina</a></i> – (The book of cooking/cookery) is one of the oldest medieval cookbooks.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Forme_of_Cury" title="The Forme of Cury">The Forme of Cury</a></i> – (Method of Cooking, cury being from Middle French cuire: to cook) is an extensive collection of medieval English recipes of the 14th century.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apicius&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Laurioux-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Laurioux_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Laurioux_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLaurioux1994" class="citation journal cs1">Laurioux, Bruno (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/medi_0751-2708_1994_num_13_26_1294">"Cuisiner à l'Antique : Apicius au Moyen Age"</a>. <i>Médiévales</i>. <b>13</b> (26): 17-18. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fmedi.1994.1294">10.3406/medi.1994.1294</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=M%C3%A9di%C3%A9vales&rft.atitle=Cuisiner+%C3%A0+l%27Antique+%3A+Apicius+au+Moyen+Age&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=26&rft.pages=17-18&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fmedi.1994.1294&rft.aulast=Laurioux&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Fmedi_0751-2708_1994_num_13_26_1294&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApicius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lindsay, p. 144</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKurlansky2002" class="citation book cs1">Kurlansky, Mark (2002). <i>Salt: A World History</i>. Toronto: Alfred A. Knopf Canada. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-676-97268-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-676-97268-3"><bdi>0-676-97268-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salt%3A+A+World+History&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf+Canada&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-676-97268-3&rft.aulast=Kurlansky&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApicius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Roman Cookery Book</i>, trans. Flower and Rosenbaum, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Roman Cookery Book</i>, trans. Flower and Rosenbaum, pp. 188–89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://romanobritain.org/2-arl_food/arl_roman_recipes-lamb_stew.php">"Romans in Britain - Recipe for Aliter haedinam sive agninam excaldatam (Lamb Stew)"</a>. <i>romanobritain.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=romanobritain.org&rft.atitle=Romans+in+Britain+-+Recipe+for+Aliter+haedinam+sive+agninam+excaldatam+%28Lamb+Stew%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fromanobritain.org%2F2-arl_food%2Farl_roman_recipes-lamb_stew.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApicius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><i>silkroadgourmet.com</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://silkroadgourmet.com/roman-roast-lamb-chop/">https://silkroadgourmet.com/roman-roast-lamb-chop/</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=silkroadgourmet.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsilkroadgourmet.com%2Froman-roast-lamb-chop%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApicius" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Apicius: A Critical Edition with an Introduction and an English Translation</i>, ed. Grocok and Grainger, pp. 309–325.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMilham1972" class="citation journal cs1">Milham, Mary Ella (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2859236">"Leyden and the 'fortuna' of Apicius"</a>. <i>Renaissance Quarterly</i>. <b>25</b> (2): 190. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2859236">10.2307/2859236</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2859236">2859236</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Renaissance+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Leyden+and+the+%27fortuna%27+of+Apicius&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=190&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2859236&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2859236%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Milham&rft.aufirst=Mary+Ella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2859236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApicius" class="Z3988"></span> For the manuscript, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cc11341z">BnF, MS lat. 10318, fols. 196–203</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academie-francaise.fr/bertrand-guegan">"Bertrand GUÉGAN – Académie française"</a>. <i>academie-francaise.fr</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=academie-francaise.fr&rft.atitle=Bertrand+GU%C3%89GAN+%E2%80%93+Acad%C3%A9mie+fran%C3%A7aise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academie-francaise.fr%2Fbertrand-guegan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApicius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apicius&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Texts_and_translations">Texts and translations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apicius&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Texts and translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Apicii decem libri qui dicuntur De re coquinaria</i> ed. Mary Ella Milham. Leipzig: Teubner, 1969. [Latin]</li> <li><i>The Roman Cookery Book: A Critical Translation of the Art of Cooking By Apicius for Use in the Study and the Kitchen</i>. Trans. Barbara Flower and Elisabeth Rosenbaum. London: Harrap, 1958. [Latin and English]</li> <li><i>Apicius: A Critical Edition with an Introduction and an English Translation</i>. Ed. and trans. Christopher Grocock and Sally Grainger. Totnes:Prospect Books, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-903018-13-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-903018-13-7">1-903018-13-7</a> [Latin and English]</li> <li>Apicius. <i>L'art culinaire</i>. Ed. and trans. Jacques André. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1974. [Latin and French]</li> <li>Apicius. <i>Cookery and Dining in Imperial Rome</i>. Trans. Joseph Dommers Vehling. 1936. [English]</li> <li><i>The Roman Cookery of Apicius</i>. Trans. John Edwards. Vancouver: Hartley & Marks, 1984. [English]</li> <li>Nicole van der Auwera & Ad Meskens, Apicius. <i>De re coquinaria: De romeinse kookkunst</i>. Trans. Nicole van der Auwera and Ad Meskens. Archief- en Bibliotheekwezen in België, Extranummer 63. Brussels, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, 2001. [Dutch]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_material">Secondary material</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apicius&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Secondary material"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Alföldi-Rosenbaum, Elisabeth (1972). "<i>Apicius de re coquinaria</i> and the <i>Vita Heliogabali</i>". In Straub, J., ed., <i>Bonner Historia-Augusta-Colloquium 1970</i>. Bonn, 1972. Pp. 5–18.</li> <li>Bode, Matthias (1999). <i>Apicius – Anmerkungen zum römischen Kochbuch</i>. St. Katharinen: Scripta Mercaturae Verlag.</li> <li>Déry, Carol. "The Art of Apicius". In Walker, Harlan, ed. <i>Cooks and Other People: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 1995</i>. Totnes: Prospect Books. Pp. 111–17.</li> <li>Grainger, Sally (2006). <i>Cooking</i> Apicius: <i>Roman Recipes for Today</i>. Totnes: Prospect Books.</li> <li>Grainger, Sally (2007). "The Myth of Apicius". <i>Gastronomica</i>, <b>7</b>(2): 71–77.</li> <li>Lindsay, H. (1997). “Who was Apicius?”. <i>Symbolae Osloenses</i>, <b>72</b>: 144-154.</li> <li>Mayo, H. (2008). "New York Academy of Medicine MS1 and the textual tradition of Apicius". In Coulson, F. T., & Grotans, A., eds., <i>Classica et Beneventana: Essays Presented to Virginia Brown on the Occasion of her 65th Birthday</i>. Turnhout: Brepols. Pp. 111–135.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ella_Milham" title="Mary Ella Milham">Milham, Mary Ella</a> (1950). <i>A Glossarial Index to</i> De re coquinaria <i>of Apicius</i>. Ph.D. thesis, University of Wisconsin.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apicius&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin_text">Latin text</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apicius&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Latin text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Latin <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div lang="la" style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:De_re_coquinaria" class="extiw" title="s:la:De re coquinaria"><i>De re coquinaria</i></a></b> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/apicius" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/apicius">apicius</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fh-augsburg.de/%7Eharsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Apicius/api_intr.html">Bibliotheca Augustana: De Re Coquinaria Libri Decem</a> Mary Ella Milham's edition, nicely presented (Latin)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/apicius.html">Text of the cookbook in Latin</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Latin_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="The Latin Library">The Latin Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/6712">Works by Apicius</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Apicius%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Apicius%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Apicius%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Apicius%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Apicius</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100408002344/http://users.ipa.net/~tanker/apicius.htm">Another version of the Latin text (source not stated)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Apicius/home.html">Vehling English translation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104032450/http://www.celtnet.org.uk/recipes/apicius-coquinaria.php">Diplomatic version of the Latin text, with parallel English translation and modern redaction of the recipes.</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8479004f/f206.item">Digital facsimile of <i>Apici excerpta a Vinidario</i></a>, BnF, MS lat. 10318, fols. 196–203, on <a href="/wiki/Gallica" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallica">Gallica</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_material_2">Secondary material</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apicius&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Secondary material"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191206060900/http://www.madeinmilanwine.com:80/Pop_up/Romanrecipes.html">How to prepare a 5-dish ancient Roman meal by Apicius</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200210103540/http://www.madeinmilanwine.com/Pop_up/Romanrecipes_alternatives.html">An alternate 5-dish ancient Roman meal by Apicius</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/wine/apicius.html">James Grout's <i>Apicius</i>, part of the <i>Encyclopædia Romana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~mjw/recipes/ethnic/historical/ant-rom-coll.html">Partial re-translation from a German translation, adapted for modern cooking styles (the untranslated "Liebstoeckl" is lovage; Poleiminze is pennyroyal; Saturei is savory herb)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dar-urtatim.palazzo-giordano.org/Urtatim/Food/2003-Mists_Bardic/index.html">A 6 course banquet incorporating 12 Apician recipes and 9 from other Roman sources</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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