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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Rules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Rules</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_Ijarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_Ijarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types of Ijarah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_of_Ijarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types of Ijarah subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_Ijarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ijarah_thumma_al_bai'_(hire_purchase)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ijarah_thumma_al_bai'_(hire_purchase)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ijarah thumma al bai' (hire purchase)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ijarah_thumma_al_bai'_(hire_purchase)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ijarah_wa-iqtina_(or_al-ijarah_muntahia_bitamleek)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ijarah_wa-iqtina_(or_al-ijarah_muntahia_bitamleek)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ijarah wa-iqtina (or al-ijarah muntahia bitamleek)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ijarah_wa-iqtina_(or_al-ijarah_muntahia_bitamleek)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ijara_mawsoofa_bi_al_dhimma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ijara_mawsoofa_bi_al_dhimma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>ijara mawsoofa bi al dhimma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ijara_mawsoofa_bi_al_dhimma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Challenges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Challenges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Challenges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Challenges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ijarah</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background: #dcf5dc;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Islamic_jurisprudence" title="Category:Islamic jurisprudence">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-top:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Islamic jurisprudence<br />(<i>fiqh</i>)</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ALFiqh.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/ALFiqh.png/125px-ALFiqh.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/ALFiqh.png/188px-ALFiqh.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/ALFiqh.png/250px-ALFiqh.png 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ibadah" title="Ibadah">Ritual</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Shahada</a></i></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salah</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rakat" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakat">Raka'ah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qibla" title="Qibla">Qibla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turbah" title="Turbah">Turbah</a></i></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Sunnah_prayer" title="Sunnah prayer">Sunnah prayer</a></i> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<i><a href="/wiki/Tarawih" title="Tarawih">Tarawih</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tahajjud" title="Tahajjud">Tahajjud</a></i>)</li></ul></div></div></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Witr" title="Witr">Witr</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nafl_prayer" title="Nafl prayer">Nafl prayer</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Sawm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawm">Sawm</a></i></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a></i></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ihram" title="Ihram">Ihram</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ihram_clothing" title="Ihram clothing">clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mut%27ah_of_Hajj" title="Mut'ah of Hajj"><i>Mut'ah</i></a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tawaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawaf">Tawaf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Umrah" title="Umrah">Umrah</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Mut%27ah_of_Hajj" title="Mut'ah of Hajj">and <i>Hajj</i></a>)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Political</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_leadership" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic leadership">Islamic leadership</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Majlis-ash-Shura" class="mw-redirect" title="Majlis-ash-Shura">Majlis-ash-Shura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imamate" title="Imamate">Imamate</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist" title="Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist">Wilayat al-faqih</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bay%27ah" title="Bay'ah">Bay'ah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">Dhimmi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aman_(Islam)" title="Aman (Islam)">Aman</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_family_jurisprudence" title="Islamic family jurisprudence">Family</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Islam" title="Marriage in Islam">Marriage</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_marriage_contract" title="Islamic marriage contract">Contract</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahr" title="Mahr">Mahr</a></i></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Misyar_marriage" title="Misyar marriage">Misyar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nikah_halala" title="Nikah halala">Halala</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nikah_%27urfi" title="Nikah 'urfi">Urfi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nikah_mut%27ah" title="Nikah mut'ah">Mut‘ah</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polygyny_in_Islam" title="Polygyny in Islam">Polygyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_Islam" title="Divorce in Islam">Divorce</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Khula" class="mw-redirect" title="Khula">Khula</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zihar" title="Zihar">Zihar</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iddah" title="Iddah">Iddah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kafa%27ah" title="Kafa'ah">Kafa'ah</a></i></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_adoptional_jurisprudence" title="Islamic adoptional jurisprudence">Adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding_in_Islam" title="Breastfeeding in Islam">Breastfeeding</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Islam" title="Sexuality in Islam">Sexual</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Intimate_parts_in_Islam" title="Intimate parts in Islam">Awrah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion in Islam">Abortion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baligh" title="Baligh">Baligh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haya_(Islam)" title="Haya (Islam)">Haya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Islam#Purification_and_hygiene" title="Sexuality in Islam">Hygiene</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rape_in_Islamic_law" title="Rape in Islamic law">Rape</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zina" title="Zina">Zina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_masturbation" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam and masturbation">Masturbation</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_criminal_jurisprudence" title="Islamic criminal jurisprudence">Criminal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hudud" title="Hudud">Hudud</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_blasphemy" title="Islam and blasphemy">Blasphemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisir" title="Maisir"><i>Maisir</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(gambling)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zina" title="Zina"><i>Zina</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(illicit sex)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirabah" title="Hirabah"><i>Hirabah</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(unlawful warfare and banditry)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasad" title="Fasad"><i>Fasad</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">("mischief")</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mofsed-e-filarz" title="Mofsed-e-filarz">Mofsed-e-filarz</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">("spreading corruption")</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitna_(word)" title="Fitna (word)">Fitna</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">("sedition")</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajm" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajm"><i>Rajm</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(stoning)</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tazir" title="Tazir"><i>Tazir</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(discretionary)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qisas" title="Qisas"><i>Qisas</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(retaliation)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diya_(Islam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diya (Islam)"><i>Diya</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(compensation)</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Adab_(Islam)" title="Adab (Islam)">Etiquette</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adab_(Islam)" title="Adab (Islam)">Adab</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_gender_segregation" title="Islam and gender segregation">Gender segregation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Purdah" title="Purdah">Purdah</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahram" title="Mahram">Mahram</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_honorifics" title="Islamic honorifics">Honorifics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_toilet_etiquette" title="Islamic toilet etiquette">Toilet</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics" title="Islamic economics">Economic</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Islamic_economics" title="History of Islamic economics">History</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">Jizya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nisab" title="Nisab">Nisab</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khums" title="Khums">Khums</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sadaqah" title="Sadaqah">Sadaqah</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Waqf" title="Waqf">Waqf</a></i>)</li></ul> </div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bayt_al-mal" title="Bayt al-mal">Bayt al-mal</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance" title="Islamic banking and finance">Banking</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Riba" title="Riba">Riba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Murabaha" title="Murabaha">Murabaha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Takaful" title="Takaful">Takaful</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sukuk" title="Sukuk">Sukuk</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_inheritance_jurisprudence" title="Islamic inheritance jurisprudence">Inheritance</a></th></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ritual_purity_in_Islam#Hygienical_Jurisprudence" title="Ritual purity in Islam">Hygiene</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_sexual_hygienical_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic sexual hygienical jurisprudence">Sexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_toilet_etiquette" title="Islamic toilet etiquette">Toilet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ritual_purity_in_Islam" title="Ritual purity in Islam">Taharah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ihram" title="Ihram">Ihram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wudu" title="Wudu">Wudu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Masah" title="Masah">Masah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghusl" title="Ghusl">Ghusl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tayammum" title="Tayammum">Tayammum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miswak" title="Miswak">Miswak</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Najis" title="Najis">Najis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Istinja" title="Istinja">Istinja</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws" title="Islamic dietary laws">Dietary</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhabihah" title="Dhabihah">Dhabihah</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws#Intoxicants" title="Islamic dietary laws">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws#Pork" title="Islamic dietary laws">Pork</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Islamic_and_Jewish_dietary_laws" title="Comparison of Islamic and Jewish dietary laws">Comparison with <i>kashrut</i></a></span></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_military_jurisprudence" title="Islamic military jurisprudence">Military</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghanimah" title="Ghanimah">Ghanimah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hudna" title="Hudna">Hudna</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istijarah" title="Istijarah"><i>Istijarah</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(asylum)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_prisoners_of_war" title="Islamic views on prisoners of war">Prisoners of war</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #dcf5dc;border-bottom:1px solid #dcf5dc;padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Islamic studies</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fiqh" title="Template:Fiqh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fiqh" title="Template talk:Fiqh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fiqh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fiqh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Ijarah</b></i>, (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الإجارة</span>, al-Ijārah, "to give something on rent"<sup id="cite_ref-IIFTU1998:109_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIFTU1998:109-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Islamicity_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islamicity-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "providing services and goods temporarily for a wage"<sup id="cite_ref-FJIFD2012:157_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FJIFD2012:157-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (a noun, not a verb)), is a term of <i><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">fiqh</a></i> (Islamic jurisprudence)<sup id="cite_ref-IIFTU1998:109_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIFTU1998:109-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and product in <a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance" title="Islamic banking and finance">Islamic banking and finance</a>. In traditional <i>fiqh</i>, it means a contract for the hiring of persons or renting/leasing of the services or the “<a href="/wiki/Usufruct" title="Usufruct">usufruct</a>” of a property, generally for a fixed period and price.<sup id="cite_ref-meaning_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meaning-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In hiring, the employer is called <i>musta’jir</i>, while the employee is called <i>ajir</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-IIFTU1998:109_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIFTU1998:109-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Ijarah</i> need not lead to purchase. In conventional leasing an "<a href="/wiki/Operating_lease" title="Operating lease">operating lease</a>" does not end in a change of ownership, nor does the type of <i>ijarah</i> known as <i>al-ijarah (tashghiliyah)</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-meaning_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meaning-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Islamic finance, <i>al Ijarah</i> does lead to purchase (<i>Ijara wa Iqtina</i>, or "rent and acquisition") and usually refers to a leasing contract of property (such as land, plant, office automation, a motor vehicle), which is leased to a client for stream of rental and purchase payments, ending with a transfer of ownership to the lessee, and otherwise follows Islamic regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-meaning_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meaning-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rules">Rules</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ijarah&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Rules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islamic finance theorist <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Taqi_Usmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Taqi Usmani">Muhammad Taqi Usmani</a> lists seventeen "Basic Rules of Leasing" (leasing referring to Islamic leasing which Usmani uses interchangeably with <i>ijarah</i>) in his work <i>Islamic Finance: Principles and Practice</i> — although "the principles of ijarah are so numerous that a separate volume is required for their full discussion".<sup id="cite_ref-IIFTU1998:111-113_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIFTU1998:111-113-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the rules include agreeing on the cost of the lease and the period of time for which it will last; clear terms in the contract; agreeing on purpose the lessee will use the property for, which they must stick to; the <a href="/wiki/Lessor_(leasing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lessor (leasing)">lessor</a> (owner of the leased property) agreeing to bear all the "liabilities emerging from the ownership", etc.<sup id="cite_ref-IIFTU1998:111-113_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIFTU1998:111-113-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Usmani lists eleven "basic differences between the contemporary financial leasing" and "leasing allowed by the Shari‘ah".<sup id="cite_ref-IIFTU1998:114-124_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIFTU1998:114-124-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Faleel Jamaldeen lists three features of ijarah that distinguish it from conventional leasing:<sup id="cite_ref-FJIFD2012:157_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FJIFD2012:157-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Lessor_(leasing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lessor (leasing)">lessor</a> must own the asset being leased for the entire period of the lease.</li> <li>No compound interest may be charged if the <a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lessee">lessee</a> delays or defaults on payment.</li> <li>Use of the asset being leased must be specified in the contract.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_Ijarah">Types of Ijarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ijarah&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types of Ijarah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several types of <i>ijarah</i>: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ijarah_thumma_al_bai'_(hire_purchase)"><span id="Ijarah_thumma_al_bai.27_.28hire_purchase.29"></span>Ijarah thumma al bai' (hire purchase)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ijarah&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ijarah thumma al bai' (hire purchase)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In this transaction (hire purchase<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or Lease-Sale or Financial Lease)<sup id="cite_ref-Ijara-Contracts_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ijara-Contracts-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the customer leases (hires) a good and agrees to purchase it, paying in installments so that by the end of the lease it owns the good free and clear. This involves two contracts: </p> <ol><li>An <i>Ijarah</i> that outlines the terms for leasing or renting over a fixed period;</li> <li>A <i>Bai</i> that triggers a sale to be completed by the end of the term of the Ijarah.</li></ol> <p>One Islamic Bank (Devon Bank) describes the process as follows </p> <blockquote><p>An ijarah transaction involves two components: a purchase agreement and a lease. You go out and find the property you would like us to purchase on your behalf. You negotiate the price and other aspects of the purchase. You make any initial payment of earnest money to reserve the property. You make sure that the purchase contract allows [the] Bank to step into the transaction as the buyer. The Bank then buys the property. At the closing, the Bank enters into an agreement to sell the property to you for a fixed price-the purchase price the Bank paid plus any transaction costs not paid by you at the closing. Ownership of the property is transferred to you after this price has been paid to the Bank. A payment schedule is established so that in exchange for keeping the property rented, your payments are deferred over time.<sup id="cite_ref-DB_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DB-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The buyer's installment payments will remain the same (or fairly close to the same) through the contract, but the portion of the payment going towards ownership of the property will increase to 100% over time as the portion going to pay rent/lease decreases to 0% — the decrease in rent/lease reflecting the decrease in the bank's equity of the property as the buyer's increases (much like the interest portion of a conventional mortgage payment declines to zero and the equity payment increases to 100% over time). </p><p>(This type of transaction is similar to the <i><a href="/wiki/Contractum_trinius" title="Contractum trinius">contractum trinius</a></i>, a technique used by European bankers and merchants during the Middle Ages to comply with the letter of the Church's prohibition on interest bearing loans. In a contractum, two parties would enter into three (<i>trinius</i>) concurrent and interrelated legal contracts, the net effect being the paying of a fee for the use of money for the term of the loan. The use of concurrent interrelated contracts is also prohibited under Shariah Law.)<sup id="cite_ref-meaning_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meaning-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of around 2013 there were 15 banks in Malaysia that offered this mode of finance (sometimes abbreviated as AITAB) for "individual and corporate customers".<sup id="cite_ref-AITAB_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AITAB-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ijarah_wa-iqtina_(or_al-ijarah_muntahia_bitamleek)"><span id="Ijarah_wa-iqtina_.28or_al-ijarah_muntahia_bitamleek.29"></span>Ijarah wa-iqtina (or al-ijarah muntahia bitamleek)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ijarah&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ijarah wa-iqtina (or al-ijarah muntahia bitamleek)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Ijarah wa-iqtina</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (literally, "lease and ownership")<sup id="cite_ref-if-literal_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-if-literal-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is also called <i>al ijarah muntahia bitamleek</i> ("lease that ends with ownership").<sup id="cite_ref-icdc3_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icdc3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like a <i>ijara thumma bay`</i>, it may involve both a lease contract and a sale contract. However, in an <i>ijara wa iqtina</i> contract the transfer of ownership occurs as soon as the lessee pays the purchase price of the asset — anytime during the leasing period.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another source describes the difference between <i>ijara muntahia bittamleek</i> and <i>ijara thumma bay`</i> as that in <i>ijara muntahia bittamleek</i> sale/ownership transfer is "an option given to the lessee". In <i>ijara thumma bay`</i> sale is part of the contract.<sup id="cite_ref-I&F_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-I&F-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An Islamically correct ijara wa iqtina contract "rests" on three conditions: </p> <ol><li>The lease and the transfer of ownership of the asset or the property should be recorded in separate documents.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The agreement to transfer of ownership should not be a pre-condition to the signing of the leasing contract.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The “promise” to transfer the ownership should be unilateral and should be binding only on the lessor.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>Another source (investment-and-finance.net)<sup id="cite_ref-Investment-and-Finance_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Investment-and-Finance-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> describes <i>Ijarah muntahia bittamleek</i> as being though </p> <ol><li><i>hibah</i> (gift), where legal title is transferred to the lessee without any more payments, and which according to investment-and-finance.net "is widely used by Islamic banks."<sup id="cite_ref-Investment-and-Finance_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Investment-and-Finance-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>or through sales. <i>Ijarah muntahia bittamleek</i> through sales may be of three types:</li></ol> <dl><dd><dl><dd>a) where there is a gradual transfer of legal title of the leased property during the leasing "tenor" (period of time of the lease).<sup id="cite_ref-Investment-and-Finance_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Investment-and-Finance-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd>b) where the legal title is transferred at the end of lease tenor for "a token consideration".<sup id="cite_ref-Investment-and-Finance_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Investment-and-Finance-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd>c) where ownership is transferred before the end of the lease tenor for a price equivalent to the remaining ijarah installments (net of rental).<sup id="cite_ref-Investment-and-Finance_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Investment-and-Finance-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ijara_mawsoofa_bi_al_dhimma">ijara mawsoofa bi al dhimma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ijarah&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: ijara mawsoofa bi al dhimma"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a "forward ijarah" or <i>ijara mawsoofa bi al dhimma</i> Islamic contract, (literally "lease described with responsibility", also transliterated <i>ijara mawsufa bi al thimma</i>), the service or benefit being leased is well-defined, but the particular unit providing that service or benefit is not identified. Thus, if a unit providing the service or benefit is destroyed, the contract is not void.<sup id="cite_ref-YTDGtIF_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YTDGtIF-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contemporary Islamic finance, <i>ijara mawsoofa bi al dhimma</i> is the leasing of something (such as a home, office, or factory) not yet produced or constructed. This means the <i>ijara mawsoofa bi al dhimma</i> contract is combined with a <i>Istisna</i> contract for construction of whatever it is that will provide the service or benefit.<sup id="cite_ref-FJIFD2012:158_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FJIFD2012:158-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The financer finances its making, while the party begins leasing the asset after "taking delivery" of it. While forward sales normally do not comply with sharia, it is allowed using <i>ijarah</i> provided rent/lease payment do not begin until after the customer takes delivery. Also required by sharia is that the asset be clearly specified, its rental rate be clearly set (although the rate may float based on the agreement of both parties).<sup id="cite_ref-i&f_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i&f-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Challenges">Challenges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ijarah&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Challenges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to M.T. Usmani, "some requirements of Shari‘ah are often overlooked" in transactions of ijarah in the real world, as when an unforeseeable circumstance leads to the destruction of the asset but the lessee is required to keep paying the rent in violation of the principle that the lessor assumes the liability for his ownership and offers any usufruct to the lessee.<sup id="cite_ref-IIFTU1998:167_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIFTU1998:167-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other challenges are not of failure to follow sharia law properly in practice but of disadvantages in cost or consumer protection ijarah has compared to conventional finance. Mahmud el-Gamal notes the added expense of the bank/financer having to "maintain substantial ownership of the property throughout the lease period" compared to financial leases used by conventional finance.<sup id="cite_ref-MeGIFLEP2006:14_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MeGIFLEP2006:14-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another problem is that the ijarah customer may be "exposed to the risk of losing the property if the financier is sued, loses, and declares bankruptcy" even if the customer has paid off 90% of the property price. A <a href="/wiki/Workaround" title="Workaround">workaround</a> (with additional cost) is to establish "bankruptcy-remote" <a href="/wiki/Special-purpose_entities" class="mw-redirect" title="Special-purpose entities">Special-purpose entities</a> to hold title to the property and "serve as parties to various agreements regarding obligations for repairs and insurance".<sup id="cite_ref-MeGIFLEP2006:14_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MeGIFLEP2006:14-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abu Umar Faruq Ahmad writes in <i>Theory and Practice of Modern Islamic Finance: The Case Analysis from Australia</i> that at least in that country the lessee of <i>Ijarah wa Iqtina</i> house purchase is in a weaker legal position than the payer of a conventional mortgage. Firstly, the <i>Ijarah wa Iqtina</i> lessor/lender can evict the borrower/buyer who is "a few months in arrears" because the borrower is a tenant not an owner. In contrast the conventional borrower/buyer/mortgagor cannot because they have "security of tenure". Secondly if the Lender/mortgagee in a conventional mortgage does foreclose on the buyer and re-sell the property, they are "obliged by law to secure the best possible price" and to make available, "a full account" of the resale transactions to the foreclosed borrower. In a <i>Ijarah wa Iqtina</i> contract the lessor/lender has "no such obligation" to the lessee.<sup id="cite_ref-Ahmad-2010-210_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ahmad-2010-210-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Muhammad Akram Khan criticizes ijara's customer protection vis-à-vis conventional interest-bearing loans in an example: </p><blockquote><p>Suppose, for example, a person takes a five-year interest-bearing loan to buy a car. After two years, if he finds that keeping the car and the loan is uneconomical, he can sell the car in the market and repay the loan. This is not so in the case of ijara. Ijara finance cannot be terminated prematurely.<sup id="cite_ref-visser_2009:60_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visser_2009:60-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WIWWIE2013:349_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WIWWIE2013:349-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ijarah&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ijarah&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ijarah&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IIFTU1998:109-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IIFTU1998:109_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IIFTU1998:109_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IIFTU1998:109_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#IIFTU1998">Usmani, <i>Introduction to Islamic Finance</i>, 1998</a>: p.109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Islamicity-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Islamicity_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Investment+and+Finance&rft.atitle=Types+of+Ijarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.investment-and-finance.net%2Fislamic-finance%2Ftutorials%2Ftypes-of-ijarah.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIjarah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YTDGtIF-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-YTDGtIF_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelorenzon.d." class="citation book cs1">Delorenzo, Yusuf Talal (n.d.). <i>A Guide to Islamic Finance</i>. Thomson Reuters. p. 59.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+Islamic+Finance&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Thomson+Reuters&rft.aulast=Delorenzo&rft.aufirst=Yusuf+Talal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIjarah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FJIFD2012:158-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FJIFD2012:158_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#FJIFD2012">Jamaldeen, <i>Islamic Finance For Dummies</i>, 2012</a>:158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-i&f-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-i&f_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investment-and-finance.net/islamic-finance/i/ijarah-mawsufah-fi-al-dhimmah.html">"Ijarah Mawsufa Fi al-Dhimmah"</a>. <i>investment&finance</i>. 12 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=investment%26finance&rft.atitle=Ijarah+Mawsufa+Fi+al-Dhimmah&rft.date=2013-02-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finvestment-and-finance.net%2Fislamic-finance%2Fi%2Fijarah-mawsufah-fi-al-dhimmah.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIjarah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IIFTU1998:167-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IIFTU1998:167_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usmani,_%27%27Introduction_to_Islamic_Finance%27%27,_1998&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usmani, ''Introduction to Islamic Finance'', 1998 (page does not exist)">Usmani, ''Introduction to Islamic Finance'', 1998</a>: p.167</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MeGIFLEP2006:14-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MeGIFLEP2006:14_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MeGIFLEP2006:14_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Murabaha#MeGIFLEP2006" title="Murabaha">El-Gamal, <i>Islamic Finance</i>, 2006</a>: p.14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ahmad-2010-210-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ahmad-2010-210_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmad2010" class="citation book cs1">Ahmad, Abu Umar Faruq (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wRlI0nJp5mEC&q=Ijara+wa+Iqtina&pg=PA209"><i>Theory and Practice of Modern Islamic Finance: The Case Analysis from Australia</i></a>. Universal-Publishers. p. 210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781599425177" title="Special:BookSources/9781599425177"><bdi>9781599425177</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theory+and+Practice+of+Modern+Islamic+Finance%3A+The+Case+Analysis+from+Australia&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Universal-Publishers&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781599425177&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=Abu+Umar+Faruq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwRlI0nJp5mEC%26q%3DIjara%2Bwa%2BIqtina%26pg%3DPA209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIjarah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-visser_2009:60-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-visser_2009:60_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVisser2009" class="citation book cs1">Visser, Hans (2009). <i>Islamic Finance: Principles and practice</i>. Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Finance%3A+Principles+and+practice&rft.place=Cheltenham%2C+UK%3B+Northampton%2C+MA%2C+USA&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Visser&rft.aufirst=Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIjarah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WIWWIE2013:349-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WIWWIE2013:349_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#WIWWIE2013">Khan, <i>What Is Wrong with Islamic Economics?</i>, 2013</a>: p.349</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books,_documents,_journal_articles"><span id="Books.2C_documents.2C_journal_articles"></span>Books, documents, journal articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ijarah&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Books, documents, journal articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="MOFRIEI2005" class="citation book cs1">Farooq, Mohammad Omar (November 2005). <i>The Riba-Interest Equation and Islam: Re-examination of the Traditional Arguments</i>. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1579324">1579324</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Riba-Interest+Equation+and+Islam%3A+Re-examination+of+the+Traditional+Arguments&rft.date=2005-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D1579324%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Farooq&rft.aufirst=Mohammad+Omar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIjarah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="MeGIFLEP2006" class="citation book cs1">el-Gamal, Mahmoud A. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180403160351/http://iugc.yolasite.com/resources/Reference%20Book%2004%20-%20Islamic%20finance,%20law%20economics%20and%20practice,%20M.%20El%20Gamal.pdf"><i>Islamic Finance : Law, Economics, and Practice</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. New York, NY: Cambridge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521864145" title="Special:BookSources/9780521864145"><bdi>9780521864145</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iugc.yolasite.com/resources/Reference%20Book%2004%20-%20Islamic%20finance,%20law%20economics%20and%20practice,%20M.%20El%20Gamal.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2018-04-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Finance+%3A+Law%2C+Economics%2C+and+Practice&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Cambridge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780521864145&rft.aulast=el-Gamal&rft.aufirst=Mahmoud+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiugc.yolasite.com%2Fresources%2FReference%2520Book%252004%2520-%2520Islamic%2520finance%2C%2520law%2520economics%2520and%2520practice%2C%2520M.%2520El%2520Gamal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIjarah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="HIHB2015" class="citation book cs1">Irfan, Harris (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uJ3ABAAAQBAJ&q=nizam"><i>Heaven's Bankers: Inside the Hidden World of Islamic Finance</i></a>. Little, Brown Book Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472105066" title="Special:BookSources/9781472105066"><bdi>9781472105066</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heaven%27s+Bankers%3A+Inside+the+Hidden+World+of+Islamic+Finance&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+Book+Group.&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781472105066&rft.aulast=Irfan&rft.aufirst=Harris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuJ3ABAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dnizam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIjarah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="FJIFD2012" class="citation book cs1">Jamaldeen, Faleel (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T7ImTjBd1gQC&q=islamic+finance+for+dummies"><i>Islamic Finance For Dummies</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118233900" title="Special:BookSources/9781118233900"><bdi>9781118233900</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Finance+For+Dummies&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781118233900&rft.aulast=Jamaldeen&rft.aufirst=Faleel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT7ImTjBd1gQC%26q%3Dislamic%2Bfinance%2Bfor%2Bdummies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIjarah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="NKIM2008" class="citation journal cs1">Karim, Nimrah; Tarazi, Michael; Reilli., Zavier (August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/12/30/000333038_20081230222905/Rendered/PDF/470010ENGLISH01PUBLIC10FocusNote149.pdf">"Islamic microfinance: An emerging market niche"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>CGAP Focus Notes</i>. <b>49</b>. Consultative Group to Assist the Poor: 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CGAP+Focus+Notes&rft.atitle=Islamic+microfinance%3A+An+emerging+market+niche.&rft.volume=49&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2008-08&rft.aulast=Karim&rft.aufirst=Nimrah&rft.au=Tarazi%2C+Michael&rft.au=Reilli.%2C+Zavier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-wds.worldbank.org%2Fexternal%2Fdefault%2FWDSContentServer%2FWDSP%2FIB%2F2008%2F12%2F30%2F000333038_20081230222905%2FRendered%2FPDF%2F470010ENGLISH01PUBLIC10FocusNote149.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIjarah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="GKJTPI2002" class="citation book cs1">Kepel, Gilles (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tttzgNKFAI8C&q=Jihad%3A+The+Trail+of+Political+Islam"><i>Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam</i></a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674010901" title="Special:BookSources/9780674010901"><bdi>9780674010901</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jihad%3A+The+Trail+of+Political+Islam&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press.&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780674010901&rft.aulast=Kepel&rft.aufirst=Gilles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtttzgNKFAI8C%26q%3DJihad%253A%2BThe%2BTrail%2Bof%2BPolitical%2BIslam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIjarah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="FKIBP2015" class="citation book cs1">Khan, Feisal (2015-12-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dqlACwAAQBAJ&q=islamic+modernism+and+financial+interest&pg=PA80"><i>Islamic Banking in Pakistan: Shariah-Compliant Finance and the Quest to Make Pakistan More Islamic</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317366539" title="Special:BookSources/9781317366539"><bdi>9781317366539</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Banking+in+Pakistan%3A+Shariah-Compliant+Finance+and+the+Quest+to+Make+Pakistan+More+Islamic&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015-12-22&rft.isbn=9781317366539&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Feisal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdqlACwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dislamic%2Bmodernism%2Band%2Bfinancial%2Binterest%26pg%3DPA80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIjarah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="WIWWIE2013" class="citation book cs1">Khan, Muhammad Akram (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fr36Gd1X_rcC&q=khan+sum+up+the+modernist+interpretation&pg=PA178"><i>What Is Wrong with Islamic Economics?: Analysing the Present State and Future Agenda</i></a>. Edward Elgar Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781782544159" title="Special:BookSources/9781782544159"><bdi>9781782544159</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Is+Wrong+with+Islamic+Economics%3F%3A+Analysing+the+Present+State+and+Future+Agenda&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781782544159&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Akram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFr36Gd1X_rcC%26q%3Dkhan%2Bsum%2Bup%2Bthe%2Bmodernist%2Binterpretation%26pg%3DPA178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIjarah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="IMEPITK2004" class="citation book cs1">Kuran, Timur (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VkIJGPNzVIIC&q=%22Islam+and+mammon%22+%22most+muslims%2C+whether+or+not%22&pg=PR9"><i>Islam and Mammon: The Economic Predicaments of Islamism</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1400837359" title="Special:BookSources/1400837359"><bdi>1400837359</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+Mammon%3A+The+Economic+Predicaments+of+Islamism&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1400837359&rft.aulast=Kuran&rft.aufirst=Timur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVkIJGPNzVIIC%26q%3D%2522Islam%2Band%2Bmammon%2522%2B%2522most%2Bmuslims%252C%2Bwhether%2Bor%2Bnot%2522%26pg%3DPR9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIjarah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="SSDoS2014" class="citation journal cs1">Saeed, A.; Salah, O. (2014) [2013]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.debrauw.com/wp-content/uploads/NEWS%20-%20PUBLICATIONS/Development-Sukuk-Pragmatic-and-Idealist-Approaches-to-20-Sukuk-20Structures.pdf">"Development of Sukuk: Pragmatic and Idealist Approaches to Sukuk Structures"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of International Banking Law and Regulation</i> (1): 41–52<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+International+Banking+Law+and+Regulation&rft.atitle=Development+of+Sukuk%3A+Pragmatic+and+Idealist+Approaches+to+Sukuk+Structures&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=41-52&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Saeed&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Salah%2C+O.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.debrauw.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FNEWS%2520-%2520PUBLICATIONS%2FDevelopment-Sukuk-Pragmatic-and-Idealist-Approaches-to-20-Sukuk-20Structures.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIjarah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="SGIER2015-6" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314155047/https://www.startupbusiness.it/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/SALAAM03102016111130.pdf"><i>State of the Global Islamic Economy Report 2015/16</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Thomson Reuters & Dinar Standard. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.startupbusiness.it/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/SALAAM03102016111130.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+of+the+Global+Islamic+Economy+Report+2015%2F16&rft.pub=Thomson+Reuters+%26+Dinar+Standard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.startupbusiness.it%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F10%2FSALAAM03102016111130.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIjarah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="RATMTRIBP2014" class="citation book cs1">Turk, Rima A. (27–30 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170517075857/http://www.imfmetac.org/Upload/Link3_743_105.pdf"><i>Main Types and Risks of Islamic Banking Products</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Kuwait: Regional Workshop on Islamic Banking. International Monetary Fund. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imfmetac.org/Upload/Link3_743_105.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Main+Types+and+Risks+of+Islamic+Banking+Products&rft.place=Kuwait&rft.pub=Regional+Workshop+on+Islamic+Banking.+International+Monetary+Fund&rft.date=2014-04-27%2F2014-04-30&rft.aulast=Turk&rft.aufirst=Rima+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imfmetac.org%2FUpload%2FLink3_743_105.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIjarah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="MTUHJI1999" class="citation book cs1">Usmani, Muhammad Taqi (December 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albalagh.net/Islamic_economics/riba_judgement.pdf"><i>The Historic Judgment on Interest Delivered in the Supreme Court of Pakistan</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Karachi, Pakistan: albalagh.net.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historic+Judgment+on+Interest+Delivered+in+the+Supreme+Court+of+Pakistan&rft.place=Karachi%2C+Pakistan&rft.pub=albalagh.net&rft.date=1999-12&rft.aulast=Usmani&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Taqi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albalagh.net%2FIslamic_economics%2Friba_judgement.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIjarah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="IIFTU1998" class="citation book cs1">Usmani, Muhammad Taqi (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150807040308/http://apsk.kz/en/images/economics/An%20Introduction%20to%20Islamic%20Finance.pdf"><i>An Introduction to Islamic Finance</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Kazakhstan. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apsk.kz/en/images/economics/An%20Introduction%20to%20Islamic%20Finance.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2015-08-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Islamic+Finance&rft.place=Kazakhstan&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Usmani&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Taqi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapsk.kz%2Fen%2Fimages%2Feconomics%2FAn%2520Introduction%2520to%2520Islamic%2520Finance.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIjarah" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="HVIF2013" class="citation book cs1">Visser, Hans (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y30tAgAAQBAJ&q=difference+between+Bai-muajjal+and+Murabaha&pg=PA66"><i>Islamic Finance: Principles and Practice</i></a> (Second ed.). Elgar Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781781001745" title="Special:BookSources/9781781001745"><bdi>9781781001745</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Finance%3A+Principles+and+Practice&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Elgar+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781781001745&rft.aulast=Visser&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY30tAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Ddifference%2Bbetween%2BBai-muajjal%2Band%2BMurabaha%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIjarah" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="IFGE2010" class="citation book cs1">Warde, Ibrahim (2010) [2000]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=diSlBgAAQBAJ&q=Warde%2C+Ibrahim.+2000%2C+2010.+Islamic+finance+in+the+global+economy%2C&pg=PR4"><i>Islamic finance in the global economy</i></a>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780748627769" title="Special:BookSources/9780748627769"><bdi>9780748627769</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+finance+in+the+global+economy&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780748627769&rft.aulast=Warde&rft.aufirst=Ibrahim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdiSlBgAAQBAJ%26q%3DWarde%252C%2BIbrahim.%2B2000%252C%2B2010.%2BIslamic%2Bfinance%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bglobal%2Beconomy%252C%26pg%3DPR4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIjarah" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ijarah&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ijarausa.com/sharia-compliance/how-ijara-works/">Ijara as an Islamic Finance Method</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islamic_banking_and_finance" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamic_banking_and_finance" title="Template:Islamic banking and finance"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islamic_banking_and_finance" title="Template talk:Islamic banking and finance"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic_banking_and_finance" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic banking and finance"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islamic_banking_and_finance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance" title="Islamic banking and finance">Islamic banking and finance</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance#Islamic_financial_transaction_terminology" title="Islamic banking and finance">Concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance#Aqad" title="Islamic banking and finance">Aqad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance#Bai'_al_'inah_(sale_and_buy-back_agreement)" title="Islamic banking and finance">Bai' al 'Inah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance#Bai'_bithaman_ajil_(deferred_payment_sale)" title="Islamic banking and finance">Bai' Bithaman Ajil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance#Bai'_muajjal_(credit_sale)" title="Islamic banking and finance">Bai' Muajjal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai_Salam" title="Bai Salam">Bai Salam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gharar" title="Gharar">Gharar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance#Hibah_(gift)" title="Islamic banking and finance">Hibah</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ijarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance#Istisna" title="Islamic banking and finance">Istisna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muamalat" class="mw-redirect" title="Muamalat">Muamalat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profit_and_loss_sharing" title="Profit and loss sharing">Mudaraba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murabaha" title="Murabaha">Murabaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance#Musawamah" title="Islamic banking and finance">Musawamah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musharaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Musharaka">Musharaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qard_al-Hasan" title="Qard al-Hasan">Qard al-Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qirad" title="Qirad">Qirad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riba" title="Riba">Riba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia_and_securities_trading" title="Sharia and securities trading">Securities trading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia_investments" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharia investments">Sharia investments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukuk" title="Sukuk">Sukuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takaful" title="Takaful">Takaful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance#Tawarruq" title="Islamic banking and finance">Tawarruq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance#Wadiah_(safekeeping)" title="Islamic banking and finance">Wadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance#Wakalah_(power_of_attorney)" title="Islamic banking and finance">Wakalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waqf" title="Waqf">Waqf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Currency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dinar" title="Dinar">Dinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirham" title="Dirham">Dirham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fals" title="Fals">Fals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_dinar" title="Gold dinar">Gold dinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithqal" title="Mithqal">Mithqal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_gold_dinar" title="Modern gold dinar">Modern gold dinar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Azim_Islahi" title="Abdul Azim Islahi">Abdul Azim Islahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Najatuallah_Siddiqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Najatuallah Siddiqi">Mohammad Najatuallah Siddiqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Taqi_Usmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Taqi Usmani">Muhammad Taqi Usmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusni_Hassan" title="Rusni Hassan">Rusni Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umer_Chapra" title="Umer Chapra">Umer Chapra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waleed_El-Ansary" title="Waleed El-Ansary">Waleed El-Ansary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_the_Arab_world" title="List of banks in the Arab world">Banks in the Arab world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participation_banking" title="Participation banking">Participation banking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iqtisaduna" title="Iqtisaduna">Iqtisaduna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Economic_System_In_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="The Economic System In Islam">The Economic System In Islam</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span style="font-size:85%;">The bloc known as the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a> (OIC) are nations which officially recognize Islam politically.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ijarah&oldid=1251205617">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ijarah&oldid=1251205617</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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