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<span>Success in batting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Success_in_batting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strategy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Strategy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strategy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Warming_up" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warming_up"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Warming up</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warming_up-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_lineup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_lineup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>The lineup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_lineup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_hitters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_hitters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Types of hitters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_of_hitters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_the_bat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_the_bat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>History of the bat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_the_bat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_bats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_bats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Hitter" redirects here. For the German World War II general, see <a href="/wiki/Alfons_Hitter" title="Alfons Hitter">Alfons Hitter</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcus_Thames_Tigers_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Marcus_Thames_Tigers_2007.jpg/260px-Marcus_Thames_Tigers_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Marcus_Thames_Tigers_2007.jpg/390px-Marcus_Thames_Tigers_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Marcus_Thames_Tigers_2007.jpg/520px-Marcus_Thames_Tigers_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Thames" title="Marcus Thames">Marcus Thames</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Tigers" title="Detroit Tigers">Detroit Tigers</a> batting in 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a>, <b>batting</b> is the act of facing the opposing <a href="/wiki/Pitcher" title="Pitcher">pitcher</a> and trying to produce offense for one's team. A <b>batter</b> or <b>hitter</b> is a person whose turn it is to face the pitcher. The three main goals of batters are to become a <a href="/wiki/Baserunner" class="mw-redirect" title="Baserunner">baserunner</a>, to drive <a href="/wiki/Runs_batted_in" class="mw-redirect" title="Runs batted in">runners home</a> or to advance runners along the bases for others to drive home, but the techniques and strategies they use to do so vary. Hitting uses a motion that is virtually unique to baseball and its fellow <a href="/wiki/Bat-and-ball_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Bat-and-ball sports">bat-and-ball sports</a>, one that is rarely used in other sports. Hitting is unique because it involves rotating in the horizontal plane of movement, unlike most sports movements which occur in the vertical plane.<sup id="cite_ref-test_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-test-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Goals">Goals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_(baseball)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Goals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In general, batters try to get <a href="/wiki/Hit_(baseball_statistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hit (baseball statistics)">hits</a>. However, their primary objective is to avoid making an <a href="/wiki/Out_(baseball)" title="Out (baseball)">out</a>, and helping their team to score <a href="/wiki/Run_(baseball)" title="Run (baseball)">runs</a>. There are several ways they can help their team score runs. They may draw a <a href="/wiki/Base_on_balls" title="Base on balls">walk</a> if they receive and do not swing the bat at four pitches located outside the <a href="/wiki/Strike_zone" title="Strike zone">strike zone</a>. In cases when there is a runner on third and fewer than two outs, they can attempt to hit a <a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_fly" title="Sacrifice fly">sacrifice fly</a> to drive the runner in by allowing the runner on third to tag up and score. When there are fewer than two outs and runners on base, they can try to <a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_bunt" title="Sacrifice bunt">sacrifice bunt</a> to advance the runner(s) or, with a runner on first or with runners on first and third, they can try <a href="/wiki/Hit_and_run_(baseball)" title="Hit and run (baseball)">a hit and run play</a>, also designed to advance the runner(s). They might even be <a href="/wiki/Hit_by_pitch" title="Hit by pitch">hit by a pitch</a>, reach on an <a href="/wiki/Error_(baseball)" title="Error (baseball)">error</a> or—if first is empty or there are two outs—on a dropped third <a href="/wiki/Strike_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Strike (baseball)">strike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mahony_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahony-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The defense attempts to get the batter <a href="/wiki/Out_(baseball)" title="Out (baseball)">out</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Pitcher" title="Pitcher">pitcher</a>'s main role in this is to throw the ball in such a way that the batter either <a href="/wiki/Strikeout" title="Strikeout">strikes out</a> or cannot hit it cleanly so that the defense can get him or her out. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Success_in_batting">Success in batting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_(baseball)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Success in batting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Batting is often cited as one of the most difficult feats in sports because it consists of hitting a small round ball, usually moving at high velocity, with a thin round bat. Batters getting a hit in three out of ten <a href="/wiki/At_bat" title="At bat">at bats</a>, giving him a <a href="/wiki/Batting_average_(baseball)" title="Batting average (baseball)">batting average</a> of .300 (pronounced "three hundred") are considered a successful hitter. In <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>, no batter has had over a .400 average at the end of the season since <a href="/wiki/Ted_Williams" title="Ted Williams">Ted Williams</a>' .406 in 1941, and no batter has ever hit over .367 in a lifetime—<a href="/wiki/Ty_Cobb" title="Ty Cobb">Ty Cobb</a> hit .3664.<sup id="cite_ref-cobbavg_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cobbavg-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In modern times, the statistic <a href="/wiki/On-base_plus_slugging" title="On-base plus slugging">on-base plus slugging (OPS)</a> is seen as a more accurate measure of a player's ability as a batter; this stat combines the player's <a href="/wiki/On-base_percentage" title="On-base percentage">on-base percentage</a> (a percentage of their <a href="/wiki/Plate_appearance" title="Plate appearance">plate appearances</a> where the batter gets on base), with the player's <a href="/wiki/Slugging_percentage" title="Slugging percentage">slugging percentage</a> (an average of total bases with at-bats). An OPS at or near 1.000 is considered to be the mark of an exceptional hitter. A sustained OPS at or above 1.000 over a career is a feat only a few hitters have ever been able to reach. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Strategy">Strategy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_(baseball)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Strategy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hiroshima_toyo_carp_2010_number_38.ogv/220px--Hiroshima_toyo_carp_2010_number_38.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="5" data-mwtitle="Hiroshima_toyo_carp_2010_number_38.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Hiroshima_toyo_carp_2010_number_38.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Hiroshima_toyo_carp_2010_number_38.ogv/Hiroshima_toyo_carp_2010_number_38.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Hiroshima_toyo_carp_2010_number_38.ogv/Hiroshima_toyo_carp_2010_number_38.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Hiroshima_toyo_carp_2010_number_38.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Hiroshima_toyo_carp_2010_number_38.ogv/Hiroshima_toyo_carp_2010_number_38.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Hiroshima_toyo_carp_2010_number_38.ogv/Hiroshima_toyo_carp_2010_number_38.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Hiroshima_toyo_carp_2010_number_38.ogv/Hiroshima_toyo_carp_2010_number_38.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Hiroshima_toyo_carp_2010_number_38.ogv/Hiroshima_toyo_carp_2010_number_38.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hiroshima_Toyo_Carp" title="Hiroshima Toyo Carp">Hiroshima Toyo Carp</a> player 38, <a href="/wiki/Masato_Akamatsu" title="Masato Akamatsu">Masato Akamatsu</a>, batting a ball.</figcaption></figure> <p>Batters vary in their approach at the plate. Some are aggressive hitters, often swinging at the first pitch (as pitchers often attempt to throw a first-pitch <a href="/wiki/Strike_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Strike (baseball)">strike</a>). Others are patient, attempting to work the pitch count in order to observe all the types of pitches a pitcher will use, as well as tire out the pitcher by forcing him to throw many pitches early. Generally, contact hitters are more aggressive, swinging at pitches within the strike zone, whereas power hitters will lay off borderline strikes in order to get a pitch they can drive for extra bases. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Warming_up">Warming up</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_(baseball)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Warming up"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In preparation of hitting, every baseball player has their own particular <b>warm-up routine</b>. Warming up before the game is usually done as a team, at the amateur level, and focuses on helping the hitter get in the correct mindset to hit the ball. The most notable drill used is the "Tee Drill", where you hit a ball off a baseball tee and correct any issues you found during previous games or practices.<sup id="cite_ref-Tee_Drill_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tee_Drill-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also various hitting devices used during warm up in the "on deck circle" to try and increase the batter's bat velocity. The over weighted supplemental devices include swinging multiple <a href="/wiki/Baseball_bat" title="Baseball bat">bats</a>, standard 23 oz <a href="/wiki/Softball#Bat" title="Softball">softball bat</a>, heavier 26 oz softball bat, lighter 18 oz softball bat and <a href="/wiki/Bat_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Bat weight">Doughnut ring</a> (16 oz).<sup id="cite_ref-Effect_of_Baseball_Weighted_Implemented_Training:_A_Brief_Review_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Effect_of_Baseball_Weighted_Implemented_Training:_A_Brief_Review-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Effect_of_Various_Warm-up_Devices_on_Bat_Velocity_of_Intercollegiate_Softball_Players_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Effect_of_Various_Warm-up_Devices_on_Bat_Velocity_of_Intercollegiate_Softball_Players-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weighted warm-up devices are commonly used because players feel that warming-up with heavier bats will help them increase bat velocity because after the warm-up with a heavier bat, the normal bat feels lighter and they feel they could swing it faster.<sup id="cite_ref-Effect_of_Warm-up_With_Different_Weighted_Bats_on_Normal_Baseball_Bat_Velocity_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Effect_of_Warm-up_With_Different_Weighted_Bats_on_Normal_Baseball_Bat_Velocity-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The effect of these devices is not only mental, but it may also be physical. Heavy warm up loads stimulate the neural system, allowing for increased muscle activation during lighter bat swings. The use of weighted bats is based on the theory of complex training where sets of heavier and lighter resistances are alternated to increase muscle performance. This theory revolves around the idea that muscle contractions are stronger after reaching near maximal contractions. The postactivation potentiation improves motor neuron pool excitability and increases the number of recruited motor units, both leading to greater power output. The additional weight may also help strengthen the muscles of the forearms and wrist thus increasing bat velocity,<sup id="cite_ref-Acute_Effects_of_Various_Weighted_Bat_Warm-Up_Protocols_on_Bat_Velocity_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acute_Effects_of_Various_Weighted_Bat_Warm-Up_Protocols_on_Bat_Velocity-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though some evidence suggests that the effect is psychological rather than biomechanical.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonds_on_deck_circle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Bonds_on_deck_circle.jpg/220px-Bonds_on_deck_circle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Bonds_on_deck_circle.jpg/330px-Bonds_on_deck_circle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Bonds_on_deck_circle.jpg/440px-Bonds_on_deck_circle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Barry_Bonds" title="Barry Bonds">Barry Bonds</a> in the <a href="/wiki/On_deck_circle" class="mw-redirect" title="On deck circle">on deck circle</a> with various warm up devices.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_lineup">The lineup</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_(baseball)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The lineup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Batting_order_(baseball)" title="Batting order (baseball)">batting order (baseball)</a></div> <p>The <b>lineup</b> or <b>batting order</b> is a list of the nine baseball players for a team in the order they will bat during the game. During the game the only way to change the lineup is via substitution, as <a href="/wiki/Batting_out_of_turn" title="Batting out of turn">batting out of turn</a> is not allowed. Once the ninth person in the lineup finishes batting, the first person bats again; this is the <i>top of the order</i>. Lineups are designed to facilitate <a href="/wiki/Run_(baseball)" title="Run (baseball)">manufacturing runs</a>. Depending on batters' skills, they might be placed in different parts of the lineup. Of course, when it comes down to it, all batters are attempting to create runs for the team. </p><p>The player currently batting in a game is said to be <i>at the plate</i>, <i>at bat</i>, or <i>up to bat</i> (shortened to <i>up</i>). To keep the game moving at an orderly pace, the next batter due up waits to take his turn in a circle (actually marked or imaginary) between his team's <i>dugout</i> or bench and the <a href="/wiki/Batter%27s_box" class="mw-redirect" title="Batter's box">batter's box</a>, and is said to be <i>on deck</i>, with the circle known as the <i>on deck circle</i>. The player in the batting order after the on deck batter is said to be <i>in the hole</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_hitters">Types of hitters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_(baseball)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Types of hitters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_hitter" title="Power hitter">Power hitters</a>: power hitters, or sluggers, are batters who drive the ball, often hitting home runs and other extra-base hits, but tend to strike out more often than contact hitters. See also <a href="/wiki/Slugging_percentage" title="Slugging percentage">slugging percentage</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pull_hitter" title="Pull hitter">Pull hitters</a>: batters who tend to hit the ball to the same side of the field as the side of the plate they are standing on.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_baseball_terms#opposite_field_hit" title="Glossary of baseball terms">Opposite field hitting</a> Hitters: batters who are able to delay their swing by a fraction of a second so as to drive the ball in the side of the field opposite from the side of the plate they are standing on. Opposite field hitting does not come naturally to most batters, and not many players have the <b>bat control</b> necessary for opposite field hitting. <a href="/wiki/Derek_Jeter" title="Derek Jeter">Derek Jeter</a> is well known for his ability as an opposite field hitter.<sup id="cite_ref-Mahony_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahony-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_hitter" title="Contact hitter">Contact hitters</a>: batters who do not strike out often and are able to put the ball in play very often. Because of this, they tend to hit fewer home runs than power hitters. <a href="/wiki/Willians_Astudillo" title="Willians Astudillo">Willians Astudillo</a> is known for his extremely high contact rate, resulting in few <a href="/wiki/Three_true_outcomes" class="mw-redirect" title="Three true outcomes">strikeouts, home runs, or walks</a>.</li> <li>Slap hitters: slap hitters are batters who rarely try to drive the ball; instead these hitters simply try to "slap" the ball through the infielders to reach base.</li> <li>Complete hitters: players who can not only slap the ball, but can come up with extra base hits.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designated_hitter" title="Designated hitter">Designated hitters</a>: used as a batting substitute for the <a href="/wiki/Pitcher" title="Pitcher">pitcher</a>. The designated hitter role was adopted by the <a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a> in 1973, and was only in effect in AL ballparks. As of 2022, the rule also applies to <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> teams.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Switch hitters: capable of batting left or right-handed</li> <li>Pinch hitters: a substitute hitter for the scheduled batter in the lineup. A DH acts as a permanent pinch hitter for the pitcher. Once a pinch hitter bats, he will replace the previous batter in the lineup unless a substitution is made. Prior to the onset of the universal DH, NL teams occasionally uses pinch hitters in place of pitchers when not playing in an AL ballpark; commonly this involves a <a href="/wiki/Double_switch_(baseball)" title="Double switch (baseball)">double switch</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_the_bat">History of the bat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_(baseball)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: History of the bat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When baseball was in its beginning years, baseball players made their own bats. This allowed players to experiment with different shapes and sizes of the bats. It did not take long for players to realize that the best bats were those with rounded barrels. Wood bats are rare at most levels other than the pros. The majority of wood baseball bats today are made from northern white ash harvested from Pennsylvania or New York. White ash is used because of its hardness, durability, strength, weight and feel. Trees that provide the lumber for baseball bats are often 50 years old, and of all the lumber harvested, the top 10 percent is saved for pro bats. Recent technology in drying wood has created bats with lower moisture content, which are light enough to make effective baseball bats. Rock or Sugar Maple bats are preferred. Maple bats cost more than white ash, but they often last longer as a result of their high strength.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_bats">Types of bats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_(baseball)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Types of bats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the Louisville Slugger, there are many other types of bats that have been used throughout the history of baseball. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Player and Event</th> <th>Type of Bat Used </th></tr> <tr> <td>Barry Bonds sets all-time home run record</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sam_Bat" title="Sam Bat">Sam Bat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mike Piazza breaks all-time home run mark for catcher</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mizuno_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mizuno Corporation">Mizuno Corporation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sammy Sosa hits 500th home run</td> <td>Easton (BRG Sports) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mark McGwire sets single-season home run record</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rawlings_(company)" title="Rawlings (company)">Rawlings (company)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Babe Ruth hits 3 home runs in one game</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hillerich_%26_Bradsby" title="Hillerich & Bradsby">Hillerich & Bradsby</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The introduction of aluminum baseball bats in the 1970s forever changed the game of baseball at every level but the professional. Aluminum bats are lighter and stronger than wooden bats. Because of the trampoline effect that occurs when a baseball hit an aluminum bat, aluminum bats can hit a ball significantly farther than wooden bats can. </p><p>In light of the increase in power of composite and alloy bats, the <a href="/wiki/NCAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA">NCAA</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_State_High_School_Associations" title="National Federation of State High School Associations">NFHS</a> have adopted more stringent standards against the use of composite and alloy bats. The NCAA changed standards at the start of the 2011 season, and the NFHS plans to complete the change in the 2012 baseball season.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The text near this tag is dated. (January 2012)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bat_design">Bat design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_(baseball)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bat design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The design of bats also continues to evolve as manufacturers search for ways to magnify the trampoline effect and increase the size of the bat's “sweet spot.” In aluminum bats, a double-walled bat was introduced in the late 1990s. This design comprises an outer wall of scandium-aluminum, an inner wall of a composite material, and a “filling of rubber or a thick fluid between the two walls. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_(baseball)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Major+League+Baseball&rft.atitle=Designated+Hitter+Rule&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fglossary%2Frules%2Fdesignated-hitter-rule&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batting_(baseball)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Batters_(baseball)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Batters (baseball)">Batters (baseball)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuiroli2011" class="citation web cs1">Quiroli, Jessica (October 20, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111024030753/http://www.baseballdigest.com/2011/10/20/delaware-university-professors-new-study-shows-hitting-not-pitching-more-valuable/">"Delaware University Professor's New Study Shows Hitting, Not Pitching More Valuable"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Baseball_Digest" title="Baseball Digest">Baseball Digest</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baseballdigest.com/2011/10/20/delaware-university-professors-new-study-shows-hitting-not-pitching-more-valuable/">the original</a> on October 24, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Delaware+University+Professor%27s+New+Study+Shows+Hitting%2C+Not+Pitching+More+Valuable&rft.pub=Baseball+Digest&rft.date=2011-10-20&rft.aulast=Quiroli&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseballdigest.com%2F2011%2F10%2F20%2Fdelaware-university-professors-new-study-shows-hitting-not-pitching-more-valuable%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABatting+%28baseball%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2008/official_rules/06_the_batter.pdf">Official Rules of Major League Baseball "The Batter"</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;background:lightgrey;font-weight:normal; padding-left:0.2em;">by role</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Starting_pitcher" title="Starting pitcher">Starter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace_(baseball)" title="Ace (baseball)">Ace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opener_(baseball)" title="Opener (baseball)">Opener</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_pitcher" title="Relief pitcher">Reliever</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_relief_pitcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle relief pitcher">Middle reliever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_reliever" title="Long reliever">Long reliever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setup_man" title="Setup man">Setup man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closer_(baseball)" title="Closer (baseball)">Closer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-handed_specialist" title="Left-handed specialist">Left-handed specialist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swingman#Baseball" title="Swingman">Swingman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;background:lightgrey;font-weight:normal; padding-left:0.2em;">by style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_pitcher" title="Power pitcher">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_pitcher" title="Control pitcher">Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_ball_pitcher" title="Ground ball pitcher">Ground ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly_ball_pitcher" title="Fly ball pitcher">Fly ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switch_pitcher" title="Switch pitcher">Switch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-right:1.0em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;background:lightgrey;font-weight:normal; padding-left:0.2em;">by type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitcher" title="Pitcher">Pitcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catcher" title="Catcher">Catcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infielder" title="Infielder">Infielder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outfielder" title="Outfielder">Outfielder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_player_(baseball)" title="Utility player (baseball)">Utility player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Position_player" title="Position player">Position player</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;background:lightgrey;font-weight:normal; padding-left:0.2em;">by number</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitcher" title="Pitcher">Pitcher (1/P)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catcher" title="Catcher">Catcher (2/C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_baseman" title="First baseman">First baseman (3/1B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_baseman" title="Second baseman">Second baseman (4/2B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_baseman" title="Third baseman">Third baseman (5/3B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortstop" title="Shortstop">Shortstop (6/SS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_fielder" title="Left fielder">Left fielder (7/LF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_fielder" title="Center fielder">Center fielder (8/CF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_fielder" title="Right fielder">Right fielder (9/RF)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:lightgrey;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Offense_(sports)" title="Offense (sports)">Offensive<br />players</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;background:lightgrey;font-weight:normal; padding-left:0.2em;">by role</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Batter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Base_running" title="Base running">Runner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_order_(baseball)" title="Batting order (baseball)">Batting order (1–9)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designated_hitter" title="Designated hitter">Designated hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinch_hitter" title="Pinch hitter">Pinch hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinch_runner" title="Pinch runner">Pinch runner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadoff_hitter" title="Leadoff hitter">Leadoff hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleanup_hitter" title="Cleanup hitter">Cleanup hitter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;background:lightgrey;font-weight:normal; padding-left:0.2em;">by style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clutch_hitter" title="Clutch hitter">Clutch hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_hitter" title="Contact hitter">Contact hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_hitter" title="Power hitter">Power hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switch_hitter" title="Switch hitter">Switch hitter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:lightgrey;;width:1%">Non-players</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;background:lightgrey;font-weight:normal; padding-left:0.2em;">team roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manager_(baseball)" title="Manager (baseball)">Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coach_(baseball)" title="Coach (baseball)">Coaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullpen_catcher" title="Bullpen catcher">Bullpen catcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;background:lightgrey;font-weight:normal; padding-left:0.2em;">executives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_baseball_operations" class="mw-redirect" title="President of baseball operations">President of baseball operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_manager_(baseball)" title="General manager (baseball)">General manager</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;background:lightgrey;font-weight:normal; padding-left:0.2em;">other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umpire_(baseball)" title="Umpire (baseball)">Umpire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_scorer" title="Official scorer">Official scorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batboy" title="Batboy">Batboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_boy" title="Ball boy">Ball boy/girl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:lightgrey;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_(baseball)" title="Captain (baseball)">Captain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_(baseball)" title="Battery (baseball)">Battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injured_list" title="Injured list">Injured list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_ballplayer" title="Phantom ballplayer">Phantom ballplayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platoon_system" title="Platoon system">Platoon system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Baseball_and_softball_concepts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Baseball" title="Template:Baseball"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Baseball" title="Template talk:Baseball"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Baseball" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Baseball"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Baseball_and_softball_concepts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">softball</a> concepts</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_baseball" title="Outline of baseball">Outline</a></b> · <b><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_baseball_terms" title="Glossary of baseball terms">Glossary</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_rules" title="Baseball rules">Rules of baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ejection_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ejection (baseball)">Ejections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_rules" title="Ground rules">Ground rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield_fly_rule" title="Infield fly rule">Infield fly rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_flight" title="In flight">In flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interference_(baseball)" title="Interference (baseball)">Interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_clock" title="Pitch clock">Pitch clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protested_game" title="Protested game">Protested game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_zone" title="Strike zone">Strike zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspended_game" title="Suspended game">Suspended game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unwritten_rules_of_baseball" title="Unwritten rules of baseball">Unwritten rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheating_in_baseball" title="Cheating in baseball">Cheating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_baseball_and_softball" title="Comparison of baseball and softball">Comparison of baseball and softball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fastpitch_softball" title="Fastpitch softball">fastpitch softball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-inch_softball" title="16-inch softball">16-inch softball</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ballpark" title="Ballpark">Ballpark</a>/<a href="/wiki/Baseball_field" title="Baseball field">field</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backstop_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Backstop (baseball)">Backstop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_field" title="Baseball field">Baseball diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batter%27s_box" class="mw-redirect" title="Batter's box">Batter's box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batter%27s_eye" title="Batter's eye">Batter's eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullpen" title="Bullpen">Bullpen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(baseball)" title="Dugout (baseball)">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foul_pole" class="mw-redirect" title="Foul pole">Foul pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foul_ball" title="Foul ball">Foul territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield" title="Infield">Infield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-deck" title="On-deck">On-deck circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outfield" title="Outfield">Outfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warning_track" title="Warning track">Warning track</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baseball_clothing_and_equipment" title="Baseball clothing and equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_(ball)" title="Baseball (ball)">Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_bat" title="Baseball bat">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_cage" title="Batting cage">Batting cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_glove" title="Batting glove">Batting glove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_helmet" title="Batting helmet">Batting helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_cap" title="Baseball cap">Cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_doughnut" title="Baseball doughnut">Doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_glove" title="Baseball glove">Glove (defense)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitching_machine" title="Pitching machine">Pitching machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jockstrap#Protective_cup" title="Jockstrap">Protective cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_guard" title="Shin guard">Shin guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_stirrups" title="Baseball stirrups">Stirrups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_uniform" title="Baseball uniform">Uniform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_number_(Major_League_Baseball)" title="Uniform number (Major League Baseball)">Uniform number</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Game process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batting_order_(baseball)" title="Batting order (baseball)">Batting order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inning" title="Inning">Innings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extra_innings" title="Extra innings">extra innings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_(baseball)" title="Out (baseball)">Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_positions" title="Baseball positions">Positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run_(baseball)" title="Run (baseball)">Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pace_of_play" title="Pace of play">Pace of play</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Batting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/At_bat" title="At bat">At bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_chop" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore chop">Baltimore chop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_flip" title="Bat flip">Bat flip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batted_ball" title="Batted ball">Batted ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_(baseball)" title="Count (baseball)">Batting count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batting_out_of_turn" title="Batting out of turn">Batting out of order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunt_(baseball)" title="Bunt (baseball)">Bunt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_bunt" title="Sacrifice bunt">sacrifice bunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slap_bunt" title="Slap bunt">slap bunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze_play_(baseball)" title="Squeeze play (baseball)">squeeze play</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charging_the_mound" title="Charging the mound">Charging the mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checked_swing" title="Checked swing">Checked swing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleanup_hitter" title="Cleanup hitter">Cleanup hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designated_hitter" title="Designated hitter">Designated hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_(baseball)" title="Double (baseball)">Double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_switch_(baseball)" title="Double switch (baseball)">Double switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foul_ball" title="Foul ball">Foul ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foul_tip" title="Foul tip">Foul tip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_sombrero" title="Golden sombrero">Golden sombrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_rule_double" title="Ground rule double">Ground rule double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hat-trick#Baseball" title="Hat-trick">Hat trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_(baseball)" title="Hit (baseball)">Hit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_and_run_(baseball)" title="Hit and run (baseball)">Hit and run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_by_pitch" title="Hit by pitch">Hit by pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitting_for_the_cycle" title="Hitting for the cycle">Hitting for the cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_run" title="Home run">Home run</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_slam_(baseball)" title="Grand slam (baseball)">Grand slam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside-the-park_home_run" title="Inside-the-park home run">Inside-the-park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walk-off_home_run" title="Walk-off home run">Walk-off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonshot_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moonshot (baseball)">Moonshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_home_run" title="Chinese home run">Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield_hit" title="Infield hit">Infield hit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadoff_hitter" title="Leadoff hitter">Leadoff hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lefty-righty_switch" title="Lefty-righty switch">Lefty-righty switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Line drive">Line drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendoza_Line" title="Mendoza Line">Mendoza Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-deck" title="On-deck">On-deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plate_appearance" title="Plate appearance">Plate appearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platoon_system" title="Platoon system">Platoon system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pull_hitter" title="Pull hitter">Pull hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_fly" title="Sacrifice fly">Sacrifice fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_(baseball)" title="Single (baseball)">Single</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strikeout" title="Strikeout">Strikeout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_zone" title="Strike zone">Strike zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_spot_(sports)" title="Sweet spot (sports)">Sweet spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switch_hitter" title="Switch hitter">Switch hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_(baseball)" title="Triple (baseball)">Triple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Base_on_balls" title="Base on balls">Walk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(baseball)" title="Pitch (baseball)">Pitching</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(softball)" title="Pitch (softball)">(softball)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balk" title="Balk">Balk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beanball" title="Beanball">Beanball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaking_ball" title="Breaking ball">Breaking ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brushback_pitch" title="Brushback pitch">Brushback pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changeup" title="Changeup">Changeup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_changeup" title="Vulcan changeup">Vulcan changeup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curveball" title="Curveball">Curveball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eephus_pitch" title="Eephus pitch">Eephus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emery_ball" title="Emery ball">Emery ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastball" title="Fastball">Fastball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-seam_fastball" title="Two-seam fastball">two-seam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-seam_fastball" title="Four-seam fastball">four-seam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_fastball" title="Cut fastball">cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinker_(pitch)" title="Sinker (pitch)">sinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split-finger_fastball" title="Split-finger fastball">split-finger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_count" class="mw-redirect" title="Full count">Full count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_pitchers_who_have_thrown_an_immaculate_inning" title="List of Major League Baseball pitchers who have thrown an immaculate inning">Immaculate inning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside_pitching" title="Inside pitching">Inside pitching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_balk" title="Intentional balk">Intentional balk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_base_on_balls" title="Intentional base on balls">Intentional walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuckleball" title="Knuckleball">Knuckleball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maddux_(statistic)" title="Maddux (statistic)">Maddux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-hitter" title="No-hitter">No-hitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfect_game_(baseball)" title="Perfect game (baseball)">Perfect game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickoff" title="Pickoff">Pickoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_count" title="Pitch count">Pitch count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitching_position" title="Pitching position">Pitching position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitchout" title="Pitchout">Pitchout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_pitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Quick pitch">Quick pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball" title="Screwball">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shutout_(baseball)" title="Shutout (baseball)">Shutout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slider_(pitch)" title="Slider (pitch)">Slider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitball" title="Spitball">Spitball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strikeout" title="Strikeout">Strikeout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_zone" title="Strike zone">Strike zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striking_out_the_side" title="Striking out the side">Striking out the side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switch_pitcher" title="Switch pitcher">Switch pitcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_of_pitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Time of pitch">Time of pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_pitch" title="Wild pitch">Wild pitch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Base_running" title="Base running">Base running</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balk" title="Balk">Balk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bases_loaded" class="mw-redirect" title="Bases loaded">Bases loaded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caught_stealing" title="Caught stealing">Caught stealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_and_run_(baseball)" title="Hit and run (baseball)">Hit and run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_off" title="Lead off">Lead off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_on_base" class="mw-redirect" title="Left on base">Left on base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstruction_(baseball)" title="Obstruction (baseball)">Obstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundown" title="Rundown">Rundown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_(baseball)" title="Safe (baseball)">Safe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoring_position" title="Scoring position">Scoring position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_(baseball)" title="Slide (baseball)">Slide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_ball_(baseball)" title="Small ball (baseball)">Small ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze_play_(baseball)" title="Squeeze play (baseball)">Squeeze play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_base" title="Stolen base">Stolen base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_up" title="Tag up">Tag up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_goes_to_the_runner" title="Tie goes to the runner">Tie goes to the runner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fielding<br /><a href="/wiki/Baseball_positioning" title="Baseball positioning">(positioning)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_play" title="Appeal play">Appeal play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assist_(baseball)" title="Assist (baseball)">Assist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_the_plate" title="Blocking the plate">Blocking the plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_(baseball)" title="Catch (baseball)">Catch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caught_stealing" title="Caught stealing">Caught stealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covering_a_base" title="Covering a base">Covering a base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_indifference" class="mw-redirect" title="Defensive indifference">Defensive indifference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_play" title="Double play">Double play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Error_(baseball)" title="Error (baseball)">Error</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fielder%27s_choice" title="Fielder's choice">Fielder's choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_infielder" title="Fifth infielder">Fifth infielder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_play" title="Force play">Force play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_out" title="Fourth out">Fourth out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_ball_trick" title="Hidden ball trick">Hidden ball trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-between_hop" title="In-between hop">In-between hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield_fly_rule" title="Infield fly rule">Infield fly rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infield_shift" title="Infield shift">Infield shift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interference_(baseball)" title="Interference (baseball)">Interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhood_play" title="Neighborhood play">Neighborhood play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passed_ball" title="Passed ball">Passed ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickoff" title="Pickoff">Pickoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putout" title="Putout">Putout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundown" title="Rundown">Rundown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_out" title="Tag out">Tag out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_play" title="Triple play">Triple play</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unassisted_triple_play" title="Unassisted triple play">unassisted</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncaught_third_strike" title="Uncaught third strike">Uncaught third strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_climb" title="Wall climb">Wall climb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_play" title="Wheel play">Wheel play</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_card" title="Baseball card">Baseball card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_statistics" title="Baseball statistics">Baseball statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bench_jockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Bench jockey">Bench jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bench-clearing_brawl" title="Bench-clearing brawl">Bench-clearing brawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_ball#Baseball" title="Dead ball">Dead ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubleheader_(baseball)" title="Doubleheader (baseball)">Doubleheader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_baseball_terms" title="Glossary of baseball terms">Jargon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injured_list" title="Injured list">Injured list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_baseball_films" title="List of baseball films">List of baseball films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepper_(baseball)" title="Pepper (baseball)">Pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_scorekeeping" title="Baseball scorekeeping">Scorekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Series_(baseball)" title="Series (baseball)">Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-inning_stretch" title="Seventh-inning stretch">Seventh-inning stretch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shagging_(baseball)" title="Shagging (baseball)">Shagging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_stealing" title="Sign stealing">Sign stealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slump_(sports)" title="Slump (sports)">Slump</a></li> <li>Streak <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Losing_streak#Baseball" title="Losing streak">losing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winning_streak#Baseball" title="Winning streak">winning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variations_of_baseball" title="Variations of baseball">Variations of baseball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Baseball" 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