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Search results for: mobile learning tools
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11699</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: mobile learning tools</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11699</span> Usage and Benefits of Handheld Devices as Educational Tools in Higher Institutions of Learning in Lagos State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abiola%20A.%20Sokoya">Abiola A. Sokoya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Handheld devices are now in use as educational tools for learning in most of the higher institutions, because of the features and functions which can be used in an academic environment. This study examined the usage and the benefits of handheld devices as learning tools. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, while the data collected was analyzed using simple percentage. It was, however, observed that handheld devices offer numerous functions and application for learning, which could improve academic performance of students. Students are now highly interested in using handheld devices for mobile learning apart from making and receiving calls. The researchers recommended that seminars be organized for students on functions of some common handheld devices that can aid learning for academic purposes. It is also recommended that management of each higher institution should make appropriate policies in-line with the usage of handheld technologies to enhance mobile learning. Government should ensure that appropriate policies and regulations are put in place for the importation of high quality handheld devices into the country, Nigeria being a market place for the technologies. By this, using handheld devices for mobile learning will be enhanced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=handheld%20devices" title="handheld devices">handheld devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20tools" title=" educational tools"> educational tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20e-%20learning" title=" mobile e- learning"> mobile e- learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=usage" title=" usage"> usage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benefits" title=" benefits"> benefits</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46664/usage-and-benefits-of-handheld-devices-as-educational-tools-in-higher-institutions-of-learning-in-lagos-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11698</span> Mobile Phones and Language Learning: A Qualitative Meta-Analysis of Studies Published between 2008 and 2012 in the Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucia%20Silveira%20Alda">Lucia Silveira Alda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to analyze critically a set of studies published in the Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile Learning of IADIS, from 2008 until 2012, which addresses the issue of foreign language learning mediated by mobile phones. The theoretical review of this study is based on the Vygotskian assumptions about tools and mediated learning and the concepts of mobile learning, CALL and MALL. In addition, the diffusion rates of the mobile phone and especially its potential are considered. Through systematic review and meta-analysis, this research intended to identify similarities and differences between the identified characteristics in the studies on the subject of language learning and mobile phone. From the analysis of the results, this study verifies that the mobile phone stands out for its mobility and portability. Furthermore, this device presented positive aspects towards student motivation in language learning. The studies were favorable to mobile phone use for learning. It was also found that the challenges in using this tool are not technical, but didactic and methodological, including the need to reflect on practical proposals. The findings of this study may direct further research in the area of language learning mediated by mobile phones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20learning" title="language learning">language learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning" title=" mobile learning"> mobile learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20phones" title=" mobile phones"> mobile phones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52586/mobile-phones-and-language-learning-a-qualitative-meta-analysis-of-studies-published-between-2008-and-2012-in-the-proceedings-of-the-international-conference-on-mobile-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52586.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11697</span> Toward a Re-Definition of Mobile Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirna%20Diab">Mirna Diab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mobile learning, or M-learning, drives the development of new teaching, learning, and assessment strategies in schools and colleges. With initiatives across states, districts, and institutions, the United States leads mobile learning, significantly impacting education. Since 2010, over 2,3 million American pupils have received their education via mobile devices, demonstrating its rapid expansion. Nonetheless, mobile learning lacks a consistent and explicit definition that helps educators, students, and stakeholders grasp its essence and implement it effectively. This article addresses the need for a revised definition by introducing readers to various mobile learning concepts and understandings. It seeks to raise awareness, clarify, and encourage making well-informed decisions regarding its incorporation as a potent learning tool. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning" title="mobile learning">mobile learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20pedagogy" title=" mobile pedagogy"> mobile pedagogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20technological%20devices" title=" mobile technological devices"> mobile technological devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learner%20mobility" title=" learner mobility"> learner mobility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169586/toward-a-re-definition-of-mobile-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169586.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11696</span> The Effect of Mobile Technology Use in Education: A Meta-Analysis Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%9Eirin%20K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk">Şirin Küçük</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ay%C5%9Fe%20K%C3%B6k"> Ayşe Kök</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%B0smail%20%C5%9Eahin"> İsmail Şahin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mobile devices are very popular and useful tools for assisting people in daily life. With the advancement of mobile technologies, the issue of mobile learning has been widely investigated in education. Many researches consider that it is important to integrate pedagogical and technical strengths of mobile technology into learning environments. For this reason, the purpose of this research is to examine the effect of mobile technology use in education with meta-analysis method. Meta-analysis is a statistical technique which combines the findings of independent studies in a specific subject. In this respect, the articles will be examined by searching the databases for researches which are conducted between 2005 and 2014. It is expected that the results of this research will contribute to future research related to mobile technology use in education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning" title="mobile learning">mobile learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-analysis" title=" meta-analysis"> meta-analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20technology" title=" mobile technology"> mobile technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20062/the-effect-of-mobile-technology-use-in-education-a-meta-analysis-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">721</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11695</span> Instruction and Learning Design Consideration for the Development of Mobile Learning Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sarrab">M. Sarrab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Elbasir"> M. Elbasir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of mobile learning applications currently available are developed for the formal education and learning environment. Those applications are characterized by the improvement of the interaction process between instructors and learners to provide more collaboration and flexibility in the learning process. Despite the long history and large amount of research on Instruction design model and mobile learning there is no complete and well defined set of steps to follow in designing mobile learning applications. Based on this scenario, this paper focuses on identifying instruction design phases considerations and influencing factors in developing mobile learning application. This set of instruction design steps includes analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation and continuous has been built from a literature study with focus on standards for learning and mobile application software quality and guidelines. The effort is part of an Omani-funded research project investigating the development, adoption and dissemination of mobile learning in Oman. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instruction%20design" title="instruction design">instruction design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning" title=" mobile learning"> mobile learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20application" title=" mobile application"> mobile application</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24386/instruction-and-learning-design-consideration-for-the-development-of-mobile-learning-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24386.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">603</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11694</span> Enhancement of Learning Style in Kolej Poly-Tech MARA (KPTM) via Mobile EEF Learning System (MEEFLS)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20E.%20Marwan">M. E. Marwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20R.%20Madar"> A. R. Madar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Fuad"> N. Fuad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mobile communication provides access to the outside world without borders everywhere and at any time. The learning method that related to mobile communication technology is known as mobile learning (M-learning). It is a method that communicates learning materials with mobile device technology. The purpose of this method is to increase the interest in learning among students and assist them in obtaining learning materials at Kolej Poly-Tech MARA (KPTM) in order to improve the student’s performance in their study and to encourage educators to diversify the teaching practices. This paper discusses the student’s awareness for enhancement of learning style using mobile technologies and their readiness to apply the elements of mobile learning in learning to improve performance and interest in learning among students. An application called Mobile EEF Learning System (MEEFLS) has been developed as a tool to be used as a pilot test in KPTM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awareness" title="awareness">awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning" title=" mobile learning"> mobile learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MEEFLS" title=" MEEFLS"> MEEFLS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20and%20learning" title=" teaching and learning"> teaching and learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=readiness" title=" readiness"> readiness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11289/enhancement-of-learning-style-in-kolej-poly-tech-mara-kptm-via-mobile-eef-learning-system-meefls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11693</span> Development Framework Based on Mobile Augmented Reality for Pre-Literacy Kit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazatul%20Aini%20Abd%20Majid">Nazatul Aini Abd Majid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faridah%20Yunus"> Faridah Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haslina%20Arshad"> Haslina Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Farhan%20Mohammad%20Johari"> Mohammad Farhan Mohammad Johari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mobile technology, augmented reality, and game-based learning are some of the key learning technologies that can be fully optimized to promote pre-literacy skills. The problem is how to design an effective pre-literacy kit that utilizes some of the learning technologies. This paper presents a framework based on mobile augmented reality for the development of pre-literacy kit. This pre-literacy kit incorporates three main components which are contents, design, and tools. A prototype of a mobile app based on the three main components was developed for promoting pre-literacy. The results show that the children and teachers gave positive feedbacks after using the mobile app for the pre-literacy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framework" title="framework">framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20technology" title=" mobile technology"> mobile technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=augmented%20reality" title=" augmented reality"> augmented reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-literacy%20skills" title=" pre-literacy skills"> pre-literacy skills</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51610/development-framework-based-on-mobile-augmented-reality-for-pre-literacy-kit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51610.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">595</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11692</span> Development of Mobile EEF Learning System (MEEFLS) for Mobile Learning Implementation in Kolej Poly-Tech MARA (KPTM)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20E.%20Marwan">M. E. Marwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20R.%20Madar"> A. R. Madar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Fuad"> N. Fuad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mobile learning (m-learning) is a new method in teaching and learning process which combines technology of mobile device with learning materials. It can enhance student's engagement in learning activities and facilitate them to access the learning materials at anytime and anywhere. In Kolej Poly-Tech Mara (KPTM), this method is seen as an important effort in teaching practice and to improve student learning performance. The aim of this paper is to discuss the development of m-learning application called Mobile EEF Learning System (MEEFLS) to be implemented for Electric and Electronic Fundamentals course using Flash, XML (Extensible Markup Language) and J2ME (Java 2 micro edition). System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) was used as an application development approach. It has three modules in this application such as notes or course material, exercises and video. MEELFS development is seen as a tool or a pilot test for m-learning in KPTM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flash" title="flash">flash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20device" title=" mobile device"> mobile device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning" title=" mobile learning"> mobile learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20and%20learning" title=" teaching and learning"> teaching and learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SDLC" title=" SDLC"> SDLC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XML" title=" XML"> XML</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6183/development-of-mobile-eef-learning-system-meefls-for-mobile-learning-implementation-in-kolej-poly-tech-mara-kptm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">523</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11691</span> Faculty Members' Acceptance of Mobile Learning in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Case Study of a Saudi University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omran%20Alharbi">Omran Alharbi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is difficult to find an aspect of our modern lives that has been untouched by mobile technology. Indeed, the use of mobile learning in Saudi Arabia may enhance students’ learning and increase overall educational standards. However, within tertiary education, the success of e-learning implementation depends on the degree to which students and educators accept mobile learning and are willing to utilise it. Therefore, this research targeted the factors that influence Hail University instructors’ intentions to use mobile learning. An online survey was completed by eighty instructors and it was found that their use of mobile learning was heavily predicted by performance experience, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions; the multiple regression analysis revealed that 67% of the variation was accounted for by these variables. From these variables, effort expectancy was shown to be the strongest predictor of intention to use e-learning for instructors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acceptance" title="acceptance">acceptance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=faculty%20member" title=" faculty member"> faculty member</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning" title=" mobile learning"> mobile learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KSA" title=" KSA"> KSA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93005/faculty-members-acceptance-of-mobile-learning-in-kingdom-of-saudi-arabia-case-study-of-a-saudi-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11690</span> Collaborative and Context-Aware Learning Approach Using Mobile Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameh%20Baccari">Sameh Baccari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Neji"> Mahmoud Neji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, the rapid developments on mobile devices and wireless technologies enable new dimension capabilities for the learning domain. This dimension facilitates people daily activities and shortens the distances between individuals. When these technologies have been used in learning, a new paradigm has been emerged giving birth to mobile learning. Because of the mobility feature, m-learning courses have to be adapted dynamically to the learner’s context. The main challenge in context-aware mobile learning is to develop an approach building the best learning resources according to dynamic learning situations. In this paper, we propose a context-aware mobile learning system called Collaborative and Context-aware Mobile Learning System (CCMLS). It takes into account the requirements of Mobility, Collaboration and Context-Awareness. This system is based on the semantic modeling of the learning context and the learning content. The adaptation part of this approach is made up of adaptation rules to propose and select relevant resources, learning partners and learning activities based not only on the user’s needs, but also on its current context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning" title="mobile learning">mobile learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20technologies" title=" mobile technologies"> mobile technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=context-awareness" title=" context-awareness"> context-awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaboration" title=" collaboration"> collaboration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantic%20web" title=" semantic web"> semantic web</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptation%20engine" title=" adaptation engine"> adaptation engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptation%20strategy" title=" adaptation strategy"> adaptation strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20object" title=" learning object"> learning object</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20context" title=" learning context"> learning context</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86589/collaborative-and-context-aware-learning-approach-using-mobile-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86589.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11689</span> Mobile Learning in Teacher Education: A Review in Context of Developing Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehwish%20Raza">Mehwish Raza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mobile learning (m-learning) offers unique affordances to learners, setting them free of limitations posed by time and geographic space; thus becoming an affordable device for convenient distant learning. There is a plethora of research available on mobile learning projects planned, implemented and evaluated across disciplines in the context of developed countries, however, the potential of m-learning at different educational levels remain unexplored with little evidence of research carried out in developing countries. Despite the favorable technical infrastructure offered by cellular networks and boom in mobile subscriptions in the developing world, there is limited focus on utilizing m-learning for education and development purposes. The objective of this review is to unify findings from m-learning projects that have been implemented in developing countries such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, Philippines, India, and Tanzania for teachers’ in-service training. The purpose is to draw upon key characteristics of mobile learning that would be useful for future researchers to inform conceptualizations of mobile learning for developing countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20model" title="design model">design model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20countries" title=" developing countries"> developing countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=key%20characteristics" title=" key characteristics"> key characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning" title=" mobile learning"> mobile learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69187/mobile-learning-in-teacher-education-a-review-in-context-of-developing-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69187.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11688</span> State of the Art on the Recommendation Techniques of Mobile Learning Activities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nassim%20Dennouni">Nassim Dennouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yvan%20Peter"> Yvan Peter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luigi%20Lancieri"> Luigi Lancieri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zohra%20Slama"> Zohra Slama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this article is to make a bibliographic study on the recommendation of mobile learning activities that are used as part of the field trip scenarios. Indeed, the recommendation systems are widely used in the context of mobility because they can be used to provide learning activities. These systems should take into account the history of visits and teacher pedagogy to provide adaptive learning according to the instantaneous position of the learner. To achieve this objective, we review the existing literature on field trip scenarios to recommend mobile learning activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning" title="mobile learning">mobile learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20trip" title=" field trip"> field trip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning%20activities" title=" mobile learning activities"> mobile learning activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaborative%20filtering" title=" collaborative filtering"> collaborative filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recommendation%20system" title=" recommendation system"> recommendation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=point%20of%20interest" title=" point of interest"> point of interest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ACO%20algorithm" title=" ACO algorithm"> ACO algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48290/state-of-the-art-on-the-recommendation-techniques-of-mobile-learning-activities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48290.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11687</span> A Theoretical Framework for Design Theories in Mobile Learning: A Higher Education Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paduri%20Veerabhadram">Paduri Veerabhadram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antoinette%20Lombard"> Antoinette Lombard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper a framework for hypothesizing about mobile learning to complement theories of formal and informal learning is presented. As such, activity theory will form the main theoretical lens through which the elements involved in formal and informal learning for mobile learning will be explored, specifically related to context-aware mobile learning application. The author believes that the complexity of the relationships involved can best be analysed using activity theory. Activity theory, as a social, cultural and activity theory can be used as a mobile learning framework in an academic environment, but to develop an optimal artifact, through investigation of inherent system's contradictions. As such, it serves as a powerful modelling tool to explore and understand the design of a mobile learning environment in the study’s environment. The Academic Tool Kit Framework (ATKF) as also employed for designing of a constructivism learning environment, effective in assisting universities to facilitate lecturers to effectively implement learning through utilizing mobile devices. Results indicate a positive perspective of students in the use of mobile devices for formal and informal learning, based on the context-aware learning environment developed through the use of activity theory and ATKF. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaborative%20learning" title="collaborative learning">collaborative learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20learning" title=" cooperative learning"> cooperative learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=context-aware%20learning%20environment" title=" context-aware learning environment"> context-aware learning environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning" title=" mobile learning"> mobile learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedagogy" title=" pedagogy"> pedagogy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32401/a-theoretical-framework-for-design-theories-in-mobile-learning-a-higher-education-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">568</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11686</span> Students’ Perceptions of Mobile Learning: Case Study of Kuwait</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20AlHajri">Rana AlHajri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salah%20Al-Sharhan"> Salah Al-Sharhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Al-Hunaiyyan"> Ahmed Al-Hunaiyyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mobile learning is a new learning landscape that offers opportunity for collaborative, personal, informal, and students’ centered learning environment. In implementing any learning system such as a mobile learning environment, learners’ expectations should be taken into consideration. However, there is a lack of studies on this aspect, particularly in the context of Kuwait higher education (HE) institutions. This study focused on how students perceive the use of mobile devices in learning. Although m-learning is considered as an effective educational tool in developed countries, it is not yet fully utilized in Kuwait. The study reports on the results of a survey conducted on 623 HE students in Kuwait to a better understand students' perceptions and opinions about the effectiveness of using mobile learning systems. An analysis of quantitative survey data is presented. The findings indicated that Kuwait HE students are very familiar with mobile devices and its applications. The results also reveal that students have positive perceptions of m-learning, and believe that video-based social media applications enhance the teaching and learning process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title="higher education">higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning" title=" mobile learning"> mobile learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students%E2%80%99%20perceptions" title=" students’ perceptions"> students’ perceptions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63997/students-perceptions-of-mobile-learning-case-study-of-kuwait" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63997.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11685</span> Students’ Perception of Their M-Learning Readiness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sulaiman%20Almutairy">Sulaiman Almutairy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trevor%20Davies"> Trevor Davies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yota%20Dimitriadi"> Yota Dimitriadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents study investigating how to understand better the psychological readiness for mobile learning (m-learning) among Saudi students, while also evaluating m-learning in Saudi Arabia-a topic that has not yet received adequate attention from researchers. Data was acquired through a questionnaire administered to 131 Saudi students at UK universities, in July 2013. The study confirmed that students are confident using mobile devices in their daily lives and that they would welcome more opportunities for mobile learning. The findings indicated that Saudi higher education students are highly familiar with, and are psychologically ready for, m-learning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=m-learning" title="m-learning">m-learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20technologies" title=" mobile technologies"> mobile technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20readiness" title=" psychological readiness"> psychological readiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22842/students-perception-of-their-m-learning-readiness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22842.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">520</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11684</span> Design of Mobile Teaching for Students Collaborative Learning in Distance Higher Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lisbeth%20Amhag">Lisbeth Amhag</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the study is to describe and analyze the design of mobile teaching for students collaborative learning in distance higher education with a focus on mobile technologies as online webinars (web-based seminars or conferencing) by using laptops, smart phones, or tablets. These multimedia tools can provide face-to-face interactions, recorded flipped classroom videos and parallel chat communications. The data collection consists of interviews with 22 students and observations of online face-to-face webinars, as well two surveys. Theoretically, the study joins the research tradition of Computer Supported Collaborative learning, CSCL, as well as Computer Self-Efficacy, CSE concerned with individuals’ media and information literacy. Important conclusions from the study demonstrated mobile interactions increased student centered learning. As the students were appreciating the working methods, they became more engaged and motivated. The mobile technology using among student also contributes to increased flexibility between space and place, as well as media and information literacy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20self-efficacy" title="computer self-efficacy">computer self-efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20supported%20collaborative%20learning" title=" computer supported collaborative learning"> computer supported collaborative learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance%20and%20open%20learning" title=" distance and open learning"> distance and open learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20design%20and%20technologies" title=" educational design and technologies"> educational design and technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20and%20information%20literacy" title=" media and information literacy"> media and information literacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning" title=" mobile learning"> mobile learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36365/design-of-mobile-teaching-for-students-collaborative-learning-in-distance-higher-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11683</span> Using Mobile Phones for M-Learning in Higher Education: A Comparative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islam%20Elsayed%20Hussein%20Ali">Islam Elsayed Hussein Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefan%20M.%20Wagner"> Stefan M. Wagner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Smartphone and tablet computers, as well as other ultra portable devices, have already gained enough critical mass to be considered mainstream devices, being present in the daily lives of millions of higher education students. Many universities throughout the world have already adopted or are planning to adopt mobile technologies in many of their courses as a better way to connect students with the subjects they are studying. These new mobile platforms allow students to access content anywhere/anytime to immerse himself/herself into that content (alone or interacting with teachers or colleagues via web communication forms) and to interact with that content in ways that were not previously possible. This paper plans to provide a thorough overview of the possibilities and consequences of m-learning in higher education environments as a gateway to ubiquitous learning – perhaps the ultimate form of learner engagement, since it allows the student to learn, access and interact with important content in any way or at any time or place he might want so the objective of the study is to examine how the usage of mobile phones for m-learning differs between heavy and light mobile phone users at TU Braunschweig. Heavy mobile phone users are hypothesized to have access to/subscribe to one type of mobile content than light mobile phone users, to have less frequent access to, subscribe to or purchase mobile content within the last year than light mobile phone users, and to pay less money for mobile learning, its content and mobile games than light mobile phone users. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning" title="mobile learning">mobile learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technologies" title=" technologies"> technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=applications" title=" applications"> applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36822/using-mobile-phones-for-m-learning-in-higher-education-a-comparative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36822.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11682</span> Sharing Experience in Authentic Learning for Mobile Security</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai%20Qian">Kai Qian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lixin%20Tao"> Lixin Tao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mobile devices such as smartphones are getting more and more popular in our daily lives. The security vulnerability and threat attacks become a very emerging and important research and education topic in computing security discipline. There is a need to have an innovative mobile security hands-on laboratory to provide students with real world relevant mobile threat analysis and protection experience. This paper presents an authentic teaching and learning mobile security approach with smartphone devices which covers most important mobile threats in most aspects of mobile security. Each lab focuses on one type of mobile threats, such as mobile messaging threat, and conveys the threat analysis and protection in multiple ways, including lectures and tutorials, multimedia or app-based demonstration for threats analysis, and mobile app development for threat protections. This authentic learning approach is affordable and easily-adoptable which immerse students in a real world relevant learning environment with real devices. This approach can also be applied to many other mobile related courses such as mobile Java programming, database, network, and any security relevant courses so that can learn concepts and principles better with the hands-on authentic learning experience. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20computing" title="mobile computing">mobile computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Android" title=" Android"> Android</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network" title=" network"> network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labware" title=" labware"> labware</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7212/sharing-experience-in-authentic-learning-for-mobile-security" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7212.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11681</span> The Use of Mobile Applications for Language Learning in 21st-Century Teacher Education for Sustainable Development in Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carol%20C.%20Opara">Carol C. Opara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olukemi%20E.%20Adetuyi-Olu-Francis"> Olukemi E. Adetuyi-Olu-Francis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The need for ICT in Teacher Education due to the nature of 21st-century learners who are computer citizens is essential. The recent increase in the use of Mobile phones has equally revealed the importance of Mobile Applications for learning purposes. However, teacher-trainees and the trainers need to be well-grounded in basic ICT skills for an appropriate outcome. This study seeks to assess the use of Mobile Applications for language learning in Teacher Education teaching-learning process. A 22-item e-questionnaire was used to elicit information from teacher-trainers and teachers-trainees from Faculties of Education in Nigerian Universities. Major findings of this study include: That teacher-education sector is not adequately prepared for manipulative use of ICT and Mobile Applications for teaching and learning process; etc. It was recommended among others that, teacher-trainers should be trained and re-trained on the manipulative use of Mobile devices and the several applications for teaching-learning purpose, especially language education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20and%20communications%20technology" title="information and communications technology">information and communications technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT" title=" ICT"> ICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20learning" title=" language learning"> language learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20application" title=" mobile application"> mobile application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20education" title=" teacher education"> teacher education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113038/the-use-of-mobile-applications-for-language-learning-in-21st-century-teacher-education-for-sustainable-development-in-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11680</span> The Adoption of Mobile Learning in Saudi Women Faculty in King Abdulaziz University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leena%20Alfarani">Leena Alfarani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although mobile devices are ubiquitous on university campuses, teacher-readiness for mobile learning has yet to be fully explored in the non-western nations. This study shows that two main factors affect the adoption and use of m-learning among female teachers within a university in Saudi Arabia—resistance to change and perceived social culture. These determinants of the current use and intention to use of m-learning were revealed through the analysis of an online questionnaire completed by 165 female faculty members. This study reveals several important issues for m-learning research and practice. The results further extend the body of knowledge in the field of m-learning, with the findings revealing that resistance to change and perceived social culture are significant determinants of the current use of and the intention to use m-learning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blended%20learning" title="blended learning">blended learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning" title=" mobile learning"> mobile learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20adoption" title=" technology adoption"> technology adoption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=devices" title=" devices"> devices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28249/the-adoption-of-mobile-learning-in-saudi-women-faculty-in-king-abdulaziz-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28249.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11679</span> Learning Compression Techniques on Smart Phone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farouk%20Lawan%20Gambo">Farouk Lawan Gambo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamada%20Mohammad"> Hamada Mohammad </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Data compression shrinks files into fewer bits than their original presentation. It has more advantage on the internet because the smaller a file, the faster it can be transferred but learning most of the concepts in data compression are abstract in nature, therefore, making them difficult to digest by some students (engineers in particular). This paper studies the learning preference of engineering students who tend to have strong, active, sensing, visual and sequential learning preferences, the paper also studies the three shift of technology-aided that learning has experienced, which mobile learning has been considered to be the feature of learning that will integrate other form of the education process. Lastly, we propose a design and implementation of mobile learning application using software engineering methodology that will enhance the traditional teaching and learning of data compression techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20compression" title="data compression">data compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20preference" title=" learning preference"> learning preference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning" title=" mobile learning"> mobile learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multimedia" title=" multimedia"> multimedia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66086/learning-compression-techniques-on-smart-phone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11678</span> Research and Development of Methodology, Tools, Techniques and Methods to Analyze and Design Interface, Media, Pedagogy for Educational Topics to be Delivered via Mobile Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shimaa%20Nagro">Shimaa Nagro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russell%20Campion"> Russell Campion</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mobile devices are becoming ever more widely available, with growing functionality, and they are increasingly used as enabling technology to give students access to educational material anytime and anywhere. However, the design of educational material's user interfaces for mobile devices is beset by many unresolved research problems such as those arising from constraints associated with mobile devices or from issues linked to effective learning. The proposed research aims to produce: (i) a method framework for the design and evaluation of educational material’s interfaces to be delivered on mobile devices, in multimedia form based on Human Computer Interaction strategies; and (ii) a software tool implemented as a fast-track alternative to use the method framework in full. The investigation will combine qualitative and quantitative methods, including interviews and questionnaires for data collection and three case studies for validating the method framework. The method framework is a framework to enable an educational designer to effectively and efficiently create educational multimedia interfaces to be used on mobile devices by following a particular methodology that contains practical and usable tools and techniques. It is a method framework that accepts any educational material in its final lesson plan and deals with this plan as a static element, it will not suggest any changes in any information given in the lesson plan but it will help the instructor to design his final lesson plan in a multimedia format to be presented in mobile devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning" title="mobile learning">mobile learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M-Learn" title=" M-Learn"> M-Learn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HCI" title=" HCI"> HCI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20multimedia" title=" educational multimedia"> educational multimedia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interface%20design" title=" interface design"> interface design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29145/research-and-development-of-methodology-tools-techniques-and-methods-to-analyze-and-design-interface-media-pedagogy-for-educational-topics-to-be-delivered-via-mobile-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29145.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11677</span> A Design-Based Approach to Developing a Mobile Learning System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martina%20Holenko%20Dlab">Martina Holenko Dlab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natasa%20Hoic-Bozic"> Natasa Hoic-Bozic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivica%20Boticki"> Ivica Boticki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents technologically innovative and scalable mobile learning solution within the SCOLLAm project (“Opening up education through Seamless and COLLAborative mobile learning on tablet computers”). The main research method applied during the development of the SCOLLAm mobile learning system is design-based research. It assumes iterative refinement of the system guided by collaboration between researches and practitioners. Following the identification of requirements, a multiplatform mobile learning system <em>SCOLLAm [in]Form </em>was developed. Several experiments were designed and conducted in the first and second grade of elementary school. <em>SCOLLAm [in]Form system </em>was used to design learning activities for math classes during which students practice calculation. System refinements were based on experience and interaction data gathered during class observations. In addition to implemented improvements, the data were used to outline possible improvements and deficiencies of the system that should be addressed in the next phase of the <em>SCOLLAm [in]Form</em> development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptation" title="adaptation">adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaborative%20learning" title=" collaborative learning"> collaborative learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20technology" title=" educational technology"> educational technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning" title=" mobile learning"> mobile learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tablet%20computers" title=" tablet computers"> tablet computers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64887/a-design-based-approach-to-developing-a-mobile-learning-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64887.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11676</span> A Context Aware Mobile Learning System with a Cognitive Recommendation Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jalal%20Maqbool">Jalal Maqbool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gyu%20Myoung%20Lee"> Gyu Myoung Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using smart devices for context aware mobile learning is becoming increasingly popular. This has led to mobile learning technology becoming an indispensable part of today’s learning environment and platforms. However, some fundamental issues remain - namely, mobile learning still lacks the ability to truly understand human reaction and user behaviour. This is due to the fact that current mobile learning systems are passive and not aware of learners’ changing contextual situations. They rely on static information about mobile learners. In addition, current mobile learning platforms lack the capability to incorporate dynamic contextual situations into learners’ preferences. Thus, this thesis aims to address these issues highlighted by designing a context aware framework which is able to sense learner’s contextual situations, handle data dynamically, and which can use contextual information to suggest bespoke learning content according to a learner’s preferences. This is to be underpinned by a robust recommendation system, which has the capability to perform these functions, thus providing learners with a truly context-aware mobile learning experience, delivering learning contents using smart devices and adapting to learning preferences as and when it is required. In addition, part of designing an algorithm for the recommendation engine has to be based on learner and application needs, personal characteristics and circumstances, as well as being able to comprehend human cognitive processes which would enable the technology to interact effectively and deliver mobile learning content which is relevant, according to the learner’s contextual situations. The concept of this proposed project is to provide a new method of smart learning, based on a capable recommendation engine for providing an intuitive mobile learning model based on learner actions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aware" title="aware">aware</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=context" title=" context"> context</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning" title=" learning"> learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile" title=" mobile"> mobile</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60848/a-context-aware-mobile-learning-system-with-a-cognitive-recommendation-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60848.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11675</span> Efficiency of Information Technology Based Learning and Teaching in Higher Educations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahalingam%20Palaniandi">Mahalingam Palaniandi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Higher education plays vital role in the nation building process for a country and the rest of world. The higher education sector develops the change-agents for the various fields which will help the human-kind wheel to run further. Conventional and traditional class-room based learning and teaching was followed in many decades which is one-to-one and one-to-many. In a way, these are simplest form of learners to be assembled in a class room wherein the teacher used the blackboard to demonstrate the theory and laboratories used for practical. As the technology evolved tremendously for the last 40 years, the teaching and learning environment changed slowly, wherein, the learning community will be anywhere in the world and teacher deliver the content through internet based tools such as video conferencing, web based conferencing tools or E-learning platforms such as Blackboard or noodle. Present day, the mobile technologies plays an important tool to deliver the teaching content on-the-go. Both PC based and mobile based learning technology brought the learning and teaching community together in various aspects. However, as the learning technology also brought various hurdles for learning processes such as plagiarism and not using the reference books entirely as most of the students wants the information instantaneously using internet without actually going to the library to take the notes from the millions of the books which are not available online as e-books which result lack of fundamental knowledge of the concepts complex theories. However, technology is inseparable in human life, now-a-days and every part of it contains piece of information technology right from computers to home appliances. To make use of the IT based learning and teaching at most efficiency, we should have a proper framework and recommendations laid to the learning community in order to derive the maximum efficiency from the IT based teaching and leaning. This paper discusses various IT based tools available for the learning community, efficiency from its usage and recommendations for the suitable framework that needs to be implemented at higher education institutions which makes the learners stronger in both theory as well as real-time knowledge of their studies that is going to be used in their future for the better world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title="higher education">higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-learning" title=" e-learning"> e-learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20learning" title=" teaching learning"> teaching learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eLearning%20tools" title=" eLearning tools"> eLearning tools</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21820/efficiency-of-information-technology-based-learning-and-teaching-in-higher-educations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21820.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11674</span> Influences Driving the Teachers’ Adoption of Mobile Learning </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20A.%20Alfarani">L. A. Alfarani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20McPherson"> M. McPherson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Morris"> N. Morris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growth of mobile learning depends primarily on the participation of teachers and their belief in the possibilities that this technology has for enhancing learning. The need to integrate technology into education seems clear-cut, however, its acceptance in Saudi higher education remains low. Thus, determining the particular factors that affect faculty acceptance of technology is vital. This paper focuses on TAM which depends on two factors: perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, this theory are used to predict faculty members’ behavioural intentions towards using mobile learning technology. 279 faculty members in one Saudi university have responded to the online questionnaire. The findings have revealed that there is a statistically significant difference in both usefulness and ease of using m-learning factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TAM%20theory" title="TAM theory">TAM theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning%20technology%20acceptance" title=" mobile learning technology acceptance"> mobile learning technology acceptance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=usefulness" title=" usefulness"> usefulness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ease%20of%20use" title=" ease of use"> ease of use</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34081/influences-driving-the-teachers-adoption-of-mobile-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34081.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">524</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11673</span> Students' Perceptions and Gender Relationships towards the Mobile Learning in Polytechnic Mukah Sarawak (Malaysia)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habsah%20Mohamad%20Sabli">Habsah Mohamad Sabli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Fardillah%20Wahi"> Mohammad Fardillah Wahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main aim of this research study is to better understand and measure students' perceptions towards the effectiveness of mobile learning. This paper reports on the results of a survey of three hundred nineteen students at Polytechnic Mukah Sarawak (PMU) about their perception to the use of mobile technology in education. An analysis of the quantitative survey findings is presented focusing on the ramification for mobile-learning (m-learning) practices in higher learning and teaching environments. In this paper we present our research findings about the level of perception and gender correlations with perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness using M-Learning in learning activities among students in Polytechnic Mukah (PMU). Based on gender respondent, were 150 female (47.0%) and 169 male (53.0%). The survey findings further revealed that perception of students are in moderately high and agree for using m-learning. The perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness is significant with weak correlations between students to adapt m-learning for active learning activities. The outcome of this research can benefit the decision makers of higher institution in Mukah Sarawak regard to way to enhance m-learning and promote effective teaching and learning activities as well as strengthening the quality of learning delivery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M-learning" title="M-learning">M-learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20attitudes" title=" student attitudes"> student attitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20perception" title=" student perception"> student perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20technology" title=" mobile technology"> mobile technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22162/students-perceptions-and-gender-relationships-towards-the-mobile-learning-in-polytechnic-mukah-sarawak-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22162.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11672</span> On a Theoretical Framework for Language Learning Apps Evaluation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Manuel%20Real-Espinosa">Juan Manuel Real-Espinosa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper addresses the first step to evaluate language learning apps: what theoretical framework to adopt when designing the app evaluation framework. The answer is not just one since there are several options that could be proposed. However, the question to be clarified is to what extent the learning design of apps is based on a specific learning approach, or on the contrary, on a fusion of elements from several theoretical proposals and paradigms, such as m-learning, mobile assisted language learning, and a number of theories about language acquisition. The present study suggests that the reality is closer to the second assumption. This implies that the theoretical framework against which the learning design of the apps should be evaluated must also be a hybrid theoretical framework, which integrates evaluation criteria from the different theories involved in language learning through mobile applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile-assisted%20language%20learning" title="mobile-assisted language learning">mobile-assisted language learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=action-oriented%20approach" title=" action-oriented approach"> action-oriented approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apps%20evaluation" title=" apps evaluation"> apps evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-method%20pedagogy" title=" post-method pedagogy"> post-method pedagogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20language%20acquisition" title=" second language acquisition"> second language acquisition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144748/on-a-theoretical-framework-for-language-learning-apps-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11671</span> Envisioning The Future of Language Learning: Virtual Reality, Mobile Learning and Computer-Assisted Language Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jasmin%20Cowin">Jasmin Cowin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amany%20Alkhayat"> Amany Alkhayat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper will concentrate on a comparative analysis of both the advantages and limitations of using digital learning resources (DLRs). DLRs covered will be Virtual Reality (VR), Mobile Learning (M-learning) and Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) together with their subset, Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) in language education. In addition, best practices for language teaching and the application of established language teaching methodologies such as Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), the audio-lingual method, or community language learning will be explored. Education has changed dramatically since the eruption of the pandemic. Traditional face-to-face education was disrupted on a global scale. The rise of distance learning brought new digital tools to the forefront, especially web conferencing tools, digital storytelling apps, test authoring tools, and VR platforms. Language educators raced to vet, learn, and implement multiple technology resources suited for language acquisition. Yet, questions remain on how to harness new technologies, digital tools, and their ubiquitous availability while using established methods and methodologies in language learning paired with best teaching practices. In M-learning language, learners employ portable computing devices such as smartphones or tablets. CALL is a language teaching approach using computers and other technologies through presenting, reinforcing, and assessing language materials to be learned or to create environments where teachers and learners can meaningfully interact. In VR, a computer-generated simulation enables learner interaction with a 3D environment via screen, smartphone, or a head mounted display. Research supports that VR for language learning is effective in terms of exploration, communication, engagement, and motivation. Students are able to relate through role play activities, interact with 3D objects and activities such as field trips. VR lends itself to group language exercises in the classroom with target language practice in an immersive, virtual environment. Students, teachers, schools, language institutes, and institutions benefit from specialized support to help them acquire second language proficiency and content knowledge that builds on their cultural and linguistic assets. Through the purposeful application of different language methodologies and teaching approaches, language learners can not only make cultural and linguistic connections in DLRs but also practice grammar drills, play memory games or flourish in authentic settings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20teaching%20methodologies" title="language teaching methodologies">language teaching methodologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer-assisted%20language%20learning" title=" computer-assisted language learning"> computer-assisted language learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning" title=" mobile learning"> mobile learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality" title=" virtual reality"> virtual reality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141073/envisioning-the-future-of-language-learning-virtual-reality-mobile-learning-and-computer-assisted-language-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141073.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11670</span> Improving Young Learners' Vocabulary Acquisition: A Pilot Program in a Game-Based Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vasiliki%20Stratidou">Vasiliki Stratidou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modern simulation mobile games have the potential to enhance students’ interest, motivation and creativity. Research conducted on the effectiveness of digital games for educational purposes has shown that such games are also ideal at providing an appropriate environment for language learning. The paper examines the issue of simulation mobile games in regard to the potential positive impacts on L2 vocabulary learning. Sixteen intermediate level students, aged 10-14, participated in the experimental study for four weeks. The participants were divided into experimental (8 participants) and control group (8 participants). The experimental group was planned to learn some new vocabulary words via digital games while the control group used a reading passage to learn the same vocabulary words. The study investigated the effect of mobile games as well as the traditional learning methods on Greek EFL learners’ vocabulary learning in a pre-test, an immediate post-test, and a two-week delayed retention test. A teacher’s diary and learners’ interviews were also used as tools to estimate the effectiveness of the implementation. The findings indicated that the experimental group outperformed the control group in acquiring new words through mobile games. Therefore, digital games proved to be an effective tool in learning English vocabulary. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20group" title="control group">control group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20games" title=" digital games"> digital games</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20group" title=" experimental group"> experimental group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20language%20vocabulary%20learning" title=" second language vocabulary learning"> second language vocabulary learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20games" title=" simulation games"> simulation games</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103548/improving-young-learners-vocabulary-acquisition-a-pilot-program-in-a-game-based-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103548.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">‹</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning%20tools&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning%20tools&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20learning%20tools&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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