Internet of Things Overview: Architecture, Technologies, Application, and Challenges

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https://media.springernature.com/w316/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-3-031-47590-0?as=webp 2x"> <img width="72" height="109" src="https://media.springernature.com/w72/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-3-031-47590-0?as=webp" srcset="https://media.springernature.com/w144/springer-static/cover-hires/book/978-3-031-47590-0?as=webp 2x" alt=""> </picture> <span class="app-article-masthead__journal-title ">Decision Making and Security Risk Management for IoT Environments</span> </a> <span class="app-article-masthead__conference-info"></span> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="c-article-main u-container u-mt-24 u-mb-32 l-with-sidebar" id="main-content" data-component="article-container"> <main class="js-main-column u-serif c-chapter-body" data-track-component="chapter"> <article lang="en"> <div class="c-article-header"> <header> <div class="app-overview-section"> <ul class="c-article-author-list c-article-author-list--short" data-test="authors-list" data-component-authors-activator="authors-list"><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Maroua-Ahmid" data-author-popup="auth-Maroua-Ahmid" data-corresp-id="c1">Maroua Ahmid<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-mail-medium"></use></svg></a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff10">10</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Okba-Kazar" data-author-popup="auth-Okba-Kazar">Okba Kazar</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff12">12</a>,<a href="#Aff13">13</a></sup> & </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Ezedin-Barka" data-author-popup="auth-Ezedin-Barka">Ezedin Barka</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff11">11</a></sup> </li></ul> <div class="app-overview-section__separator app-overview-section__book-series"> <div class="app-book-series-listing"> <div> <svg class="app-book-series-listing__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><use href="#icon-eds-i-book-series-medium"></use></svg> </div> <div> <p data-test="series-link"> <span class="app-book-series-listing__description">Part of the book series:</span> <a href="https://www.springer.com/series/5576" data-track="click" data-track-action="open book series" data-track-label="link">Advances in Information Security</a> ((ADIS,volume 106)) </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="app-overview-section__separator" data-test="article-metrics"> <div id="altmetric-container"> <ul class="app-article-metrics-bar u-list-reset" data-test="article-metrics"> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item" 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data-track-component="chapter body" class="c-article-body"> <section aria-labelledby="Abs1" data-title="Abstract" lang="en"><div class="c-article-section" id="Abs1-section"><h2 id="Abs1" class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item"><span class="c-article-section__title-number"> </span>Abstract</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Abs1-content"><p>The Internet of Things (IoT) links a wide range of heterogeneous things, where technology is integrated into everyday objects and connects these objects to other devices, people, and services. This chapter delivers an overview of the Internet of Things so that the reader may get a general understanding of IoT. First, we have presented the origin of this technology. Then, outline the basic concepts, definitions, and terms to describe the IoT’s general architecture. Moreover, highly prevalent enabling technologies are summarized. Many IoT applications are discussed, demonstrating the viability of the IoT concept in real-world scenarios. 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The detailed investigation of IoT functional blocks at each layer and the related issues and various communication techniques used in IoT technology have been thoroughly examined, as well as the future of IoT applications’ directions and market growth. IoT challenges have been discussed in the context of enhancing IoT application markets so that the reader may get a general understanding of IoT. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.</p></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="author-information" data-title="Author information"><div class="c-article-section" id="author-information-section"><h2 id="author-information" class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item"><span class="c-article-section__title-number"> </span>Author information</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="author-information-content"><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="affiliations">Authors and Affiliations</h3><ol class="c-article-author-affiliation__list"><li id="Aff10"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Department of Computer Science, Smart Computer Science Laboratory, Mohamed Khider University, Biskra, Algeria</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Maroua Ahmid</p></li><li id="Aff11"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Department of Information Systems and Security, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirate University, Abu Dhabi, UAE</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Ezedin Barka</p></li><li id="Aff12"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">College of Computing and Informatics, Department of Computer Science, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Okba Kazar</p></li><li id="Aff13"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">College of Arts, Sciences & Information Technology, University of Kalba, Sharjah, UAE</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Okba Kazar</p></li></ol><div class="u-js-hide u-hide-print" data-test="author-info"><span class="c-article__sub-heading">Authors</span><ol class="c-article-authors-search u-list-reset"><li id="auth-Maroua-Ahmid"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Maroua Ahmid</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item 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id="citeas">Cite this chapter</h3><p class="c-bibliographic-information__citation" data-test="bibliographic-information__cite_this_chapter">Ahmid, M., Kazar, O., Barka, E. (2024). Internet of Things Overview: Architecture, Technologies, Application, and Challenges. In: Boulila, W., Ahmad, J., Koubaa, A., Driss, M., Farah, I.R. (eds) Decision Making and Security Risk Management for IoT Environments. Advances in Information Security, vol 106. 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