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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philip_makes_peace_with_Aetolia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Philip makes peace with Aetolia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philip_makes_peace_with_Aetolia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philip_builds_a_fleet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philip_builds_a_fleet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Philip builds a fleet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philip_builds_a_fleet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philip_allies_with_Carthage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philip_allies_with_Carthage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Philip allies with Carthage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philip_allies_with_Carthage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_breaks_out_in_Illyria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_breaks_out_in_Illyria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>War breaks out in Illyria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_breaks_out_in_Illyria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rome_seeks_allies_in_Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rome_seeks_allies_in_Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Rome seeks allies in Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rome_seeks_allies_in_Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaign_in_Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign_in_Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Campaign in Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaign_in_Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attempt_at_peace_fails" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attempt_at_peace_fails"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Attempt at peace fails</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attempt_at_peace_fails-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hostilities_resume" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hostilities_resume"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Hostilities resume</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hostilities_resume-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_war_ends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_war_ends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>The war ends</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_war_ends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">First Macedonian War</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89" title="الحرب المقدونية الأولى – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحرب المقدونية الأولى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Първа македонска война – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Първа македонска война" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvi_rimsko-makedonski_rat" title="Prvi rimsko-makedonski rat – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Prvi rimsko-makedonski rat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_Guerra_Maced%C3%B2nica" title="Primera Guerra Macedònica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Primera Guerra Macedònica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erster_Makedonisch-R%C3%B6mischer_Krieg" title="Erster Makedonisch-Römischer Krieg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erster Makedonisch-Römischer Krieg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esimene_Makedoonia_s%C3%B5da" title="Esimene Makedoonia sõda – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Esimene Makedoonia sõda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Πρώτος Μακεδονικός Πόλεμος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρώτος Μακεδονικός Πόλεμος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_guerra_maced%C3%B3nica" title="Primera guerra macedónica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Primera guerra macedónica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%87" title="اولین جنگ مقدونیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اولین جنگ مقدونیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_guerre_mac%C3%A9donienne" title="Première guerre macédonienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Première guerre macédonienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C1%EC%B0%A8_%EB%A7%88%EC%BC%80%EB%8F%84%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="제1차 마케도니아 전쟁 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제1차 마케도니아 전쟁" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Makedonia_Pertama" title="Perang Makedonia Pertama – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Makedonia Pertama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prima_guerra_macedonica" title="Prima guerra macedonica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Prima guerra macedonica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94" title="המלחמה המוקדונית הראשונה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המלחמה המוקדונית הראשונה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="პირველი მაკედონური ომი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პირველი მაკედონური ომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primum_bellum_Macedonicum" title="Primum bellum Macedonicum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Primum bellum Macedonicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirmasis_Makedonijos_karas" title="Pirmasis Makedonijos karas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pirmasis Makedonijos karas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Прва македонско-римска војна – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Прва македонско-римска војна" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerste_Macedonische_Oorlog" title="Eerste Macedonische Oorlog – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Eerste Macedonische Oorlog" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B1%E3%83%89%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89" title="第一次マケドニア戦争 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第一次マケドニア戦争" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B8rste_makedonske_krig" title="Første makedonske krig – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Første makedonske krig" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_wojna_macedo%C5%84ska" title="I wojna macedońska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="I wojna macedońska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeira_Guerra_Maced%C3%B4nica" title="Primeira Guerra Macedônica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Primeira Guerra Macedônica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Macedonean" title="Primul Război Macedonean – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Primul Război Macedonean" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Первая Македонская война – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Первая Македонская война" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lufta_e_Par%C3%AB_Romako-Maqedonase" title="Lufta e Parë Romako-Maqedonase – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lufta e Parë Romako-Maqedonase" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Први македонски рат – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Први македонски рат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvi_makedonski_rat" title="Prvi makedonski rat – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prvi makedonski rat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensimm%C3%A4inen_makedonialaissota" title="Ensimmäinen makedonialaissota – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ensimmäinen makedonialaissota" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Перша Македонська війна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перша Македонська війна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh_Macedonia_l%E1%BA%A7n_th%E1%BB%A9_nh%E1%BA%A5t" title="Chiến tranh Macedonia lần thứ nhất – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chiến tranh Macedonia lần thứ nhất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第一次马其顿战争 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第一次马其顿战争" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">War between Rome and Macedonia, 214–205 BC</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/First_Macedonian_War" title="Special:EditPage/First Macedonian War">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22First+Macedonian+War%22">"First Macedonian War"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22First+Macedonian+War%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22First+Macedonian+War%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22First+Macedonian+War%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22First+Macedonian+War%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22First+Macedonian+War%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">First Macedonian War</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Wars" title="Macedonian Wars">Macedonian Wars</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mediterranean_at_218_BC-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Mediterranean_at_218_BC-en.svg/300px-Mediterranean_at_218_BC-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Mediterranean_at_218_BC-en.svg/450px-Mediterranean_at_218_BC-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Mediterranean_at_218_BC-en.svg/600px-Mediterranean_at_218_BC-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2058" data-file-height="1221" /></a></span><br />The Mediterranean in 218 BC</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>214–205 BC</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Illyria" title="Illyria">Illyria</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Phoenice" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace of Phoenice">Peace of Phoenice</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Aetolian_League" title="Aetolian League">Aetolian League</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrians</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dardania" title="Kingdom of Dardania">Dardania</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pergamon" title="Kingdom of Pergamon">Pergamon</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Elis" title="Ancient Elis">Elis</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Messenia" title="Messenia">Messenia</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Achaean_League" title="Achaean League">Achaean League</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Valerius_Laevinus" title="Marcus Valerius Laevinus">Marcus Valerius Laevinus</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Scerdilaidas" title="Scerdilaidas">Scerdilaidas</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Attalus_I" title="Attalus I">Attalus I</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Machanidas" title="Machanidas">Machanidas</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Longarus" title="Longarus">Longarus</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Macedon" title="Philip V of Macedon">Philip V of Macedon</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Philopoemen" title="Philopoemen">Philopoemen</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_of_Pharos" title="Demetrius of Pharos">Demetrius of Pharos</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Wars" title="Macedonian Wars"><span class="wrap">Macedonian Wars</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a class="mw-selflink selflink">First Macedonian War</a> (214–205 BC)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Apollonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Apollonia (page does not exist)">Apollonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Lamia" title="First Battle of Lamia">1st Lamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Lamia" title="Second Battle of Lamia">2nd Lamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mantinea_(207_BC)" title="Battle of Mantinea (207 BC)">Mantinea</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Second_Macedonian_War" title="Second Macedonian War">Second Macedonian War</a> (200–196 BC)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Aous_(198_BC)" title="Battle of the Aous (198 BC)">Aous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cynoscephalae" title="Battle of Cynoscephalae">Cynoscephalae</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Seleucid_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman–Seleucid War">Roman–Seleucid War</a> (192–188 BC)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thermopylae_(191_BC)" title="Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC)">Thermopylae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Corycus" title="Battle of Corycus">Corycus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Eurymedon_(190_BC)" title="Battle of the Eurymedon (190 BC)">Eurymedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Myonessus" title="Battle of Myonessus">Myonessus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Magnesia" title="Battle of Magnesia">Magnesia</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Third_Macedonian_War" title="Third Macedonian War">Third Macedonian War</a> (172–168 BC)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Callinicus" title="Battle of Callinicus">Callinicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pydna" title="Battle of Pydna">Pydna</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Macedonian_War" title="Fourth Macedonian War">Fourth Macedonian War</a> (150–148 BC)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thalna%27s_defeat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thalna's defeat (page does not exist)">Thalna's defeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pydna_(148_BC)" title="Battle of Pydna (148 BC)">Pydna (148 BC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>First Macedonian War</b> (214–205 BC) was fought by <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Rome</a>, allied (after 211 BC) with the <a href="/wiki/Aetolian_League" title="Aetolian League">Aetolian League</a> and <a href="/wiki/Attalus_I" title="Attalus I">Attalus I</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamon</a>, against <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Macedon" title="Philip V of Macedon">Philip V of Macedon</a>, contemporaneously with the <a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a> (218–201 BC) against <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a>. There were no decisive engagements, and the war ended in a stalemate. </p><p>During the war, <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedon</a> attempted to gain control over parts of <a href="/wiki/Illyria" title="Illyria">Illyria</a>, but without success. It is commonly thought that these skirmishes in the east prevented Macedon from aiding the Carthaginian general <a href="/wiki/Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal</a> in the war with Rome. The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Phoenice" title="Treaty of Phoenice">Peace of Phoenice</a> (205 BC) formally ended the war. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demetrius_urges_war_against_Rome">Demetrius urges war against Rome</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Macedonian_War&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Demetrius urges war against Rome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="History of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">History of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)</a></div> <p>Rome's preoccupation with its war against Carthage provided an opportunity for Philip V of Macedon to attempt to extend his power westward. According to the ancient Greek historian <a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a>, an important factor in Philip's decision to take advantage of this opportunity was the influence of <a href="/wiki/Demetrius_of_Pharos" title="Demetrius of Pharos">Demetrius of Pharos</a>. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Illyrian Wars">First Illyrian War</a> (229–228 BC) the Romans had made Demetrius ruler of most of coastal <a href="/wiki/Illyria" title="Illyria">Illyria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the decade after the war he turned against the Romans attacking their allies in Illyria and raiding their trade vessels. In 219 BC, during the <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Illyrian Wars">Second Illyrian War</a> he was defeated by the Romans and fled to the court of king Philip.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Involved in a war with the <a href="/wiki/Aetolian" class="mw-redirect" title="Aetolian">Aetolians</a>, Philip learned of the victory of Hannibal over the Romans, at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Trasimene" title="Battle of Lake Trasimene">Lake Trasimene</a> in June 217 BC. Philip at first showed the letter only to Demetrius. Perhaps seeing a chance to recover his kingdom, Demetrius immediately advised the young king to make peace with the Aetolians and turn his attentions toward Illyria and Italy. Polybius quotes Demetrius as saying: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>For Greece is already entirely obedient to you, and will remain so: the Achaeans from genuine affection; the Aetolians from the terror which their disasters in the present war have inspired them. Italy, and your crossing into it, is the first step in the acquirement of universal empire, to which no one has a better claim than yourself. And now is the moment to act when the Romans have suffered a reverse.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>According to Polybius, Philip was easily persuaded.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philip_makes_peace_with_Aetolia">Philip makes peace with Aetolia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Macedonian_War&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Philip makes peace with Aetolia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Philip at once began negotiations with the <a href="/wiki/Aetolian" class="mw-redirect" title="Aetolian">Aetolians</a>. At a conference on the coast near <a href="/wiki/Naupactus" class="mw-redirect" title="Naupactus">Naupactus</a>, Philip met the Aetolian leaders and a peace treaty was concluded.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polybius quotes the Aetolian Agelaus of Naupactus as having given the following speech<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in favor of peace: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aetolia_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Aetolia_map.jpg/300px-Aetolia_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Aetolia_map.jpg/450px-Aetolia_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Aetolia_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="409" /></a><figcaption>The ancient Region of Aetolia, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Macedonia_and_the_Aegean_World_c.200.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Macedonia_and_the_Aegean_World_c.200.png/300px-Macedonia_and_the_Aegean_World_c.200.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Macedonia_and_the_Aegean_World_c.200.png/450px-Macedonia_and_the_Aegean_World_c.200.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Macedonia_and_the_Aegean_World_c.200.png/600px-Macedonia_and_the_Aegean_World_c.200.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>The Greek Leagues and Kingdom of Macedonia</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The best thing of all is that the Greeks should not go to war with each other at all, but give the gods hearty thanks if by all speaking with one voice, and joining hands like people crossing a stream, they may be able to repel the attacks of barbarians and save themselves and their cities. But if this is altogether impossible, in the present juncture at least we ought to be unanimous and on our guard, when we see the bloated armaments and the vast proportions assumed by the war in the west. For even now it is evident to any one who pays even a moderate attention to public affairs, that whether the Carthaginians conquer the Romans, or the Romans the Carthaginians, it is in every way improbable that the victors will remain contented with the empire of Sicily and Italy. They will move forward: and will extend their forces and their designs farther than we could wish. Wherefore, I beseech you all to be on your guard against the danger of the crisis, and above all you, O King. You will do this, if you abandon the policy of weakening the Greeks, and thus rendering them an easy prey to the invader; and consult on the contrary for their good as you would for your own person, and have a care for all parts of Greece alike, as part and parcel of your own domains. If you act in this spirit, the Greeks will be your warm friends and faithful coadjutors in all your undertakings; while foreigners will be less ready to form designs against you, seeing with dismay the firm loyalty of the Greeks. If you are eager for action, turn your eyes to the west, and let your thoughts dwell upon the wars in Italy. Wait with coolness the turn of events there, and seize the opportunity to strike for universal dominion. Nor is the present crisis unfavourable for such a hope. But I intreat of you to postpone your controversies and wars with the Greeks to a time of greater tranquillity; and make it your supreme aim to retain the power of making peace or war with them at your own will. For if once you allow the clouds now gathering in the west to settle upon Greece, I fear exceedingly that the power of making peace or war, and in a word all these games which we are now playing against each other, will be so completely knocked out of the hands of us all, that we shall be praying heaven to grant us only this power of making war or peace with each other at our own will and pleasure, and of settling our own disputes.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philip_builds_a_fleet">Philip builds a fleet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Macedonian_War&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Philip builds a fleet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Philip spent the winter of 217–216 BC building a fleet of 100 warships and training men to row them and, according to Polybius, it was a practice that "hardly any Macedonian king had ever done before".<sup id="cite_ref-5.109_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5.109-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Macedon probably lacked the resources to build and maintain the kind of fleet necessary to match the Romans.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polybius says that Philip had no "hope of fighting the Romans at sea",<sup id="cite_ref-5.109_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5.109-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> perhaps referring to a lack of experience and training. </p><p>At any rate, Philip chose to build <a href="/wiki/Lembus" title="Lembus"><i>lembi</i></a>. These were the small fast galleys used by the Illyrians. They had a single bank of oars and were able to carry 50 soldiers in addition to the rowers.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With these, Philip could hope to avoid or evade the Roman fleet, preoccupied as he hoped it would be with Hannibal, and based as it was at <a href="/wiki/Lilybaeum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lilybaeum">Lilybaeum</a> in western <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5.109_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5.109-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Philip had in the meantime expanded his territories west along the <a href="/wiki/Apsus" class="mw-redirect" title="Apsus">Apsus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genusus" class="mw-redirect" title="Genusus">Genusus</a> river valleys, right up to the borders of Illyria.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philip's plan was, it seems, to first take the Illyrian coasts, conquer the area between the coasts and Macedon, and use the new land link to provide a rapid route for reinforcements across the narrow straits to Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the beginning of summer, Philip and his fleet left Macedon, sailed through the <a href="/wiki/Euripus_Strait" title="Euripus Strait">Euripus Strait</a>, between the island of <a href="/wiki/Euboea" title="Euboea">Euboea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotia</a> on the Greek mainland, and then rounded <a href="/wiki/Cape_Malea" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Malea">Cape Malea</a>, before dropping anchor off the Islands of <a href="/wiki/Cephalonia" title="Cephalonia">Cephalenia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lefkada" title="Lefkada">Leucas</a>, to await word of the location of the Roman fleet. Informed that it was still at Lilybaeum, he sailed north to <a href="/wiki/Apollonia,_Illyria" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia, Illyria">Apollonia</a> in Illyria. </p><p>However, as the Macedonian fleet neared the island of <a href="/wiki/Sazan_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Sazan Island">Sazan</a>, Philip heard a report that some Roman <a href="/wiki/Quinqueremes" class="mw-redirect" title="Quinqueremes">quinqueremes</a> had been seen headed for Apollonia. Convinced that the entire Roman fleet was sailing to apprehend him, Philip ordered an immediate return to Cephalenia. Polybius speaks of "panic" and "disorder" to describe the fleet's hasty retreat and says that, in fact, the Romans had sent only a squadron of ten ships and that because of "inconsiderate alarm", Philip had missed his best chance to achieve his aims in Illyria, returning to Macedon, "without loss indeed, but with considerable dishonour".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philip_allies_with_Carthage">Philip allies with Carthage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Macedonian_War&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Philip allies with Carthage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After hearing of Rome's disastrous defeat at the hands of Hannibal at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cannae" title="Battle of Cannae">Cannae</a> in 216 BC, Philip sent ambassadors to Hannibal's camp in Italy to negotiate an alliance. There they concluded in the summer of 215 BC a treaty, the text of which is given by <a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a>. In it they pledge, in general terms, mutual support and defense and to be enemies to each other's enemies (excepting current allies). Specifically, they promised support against Rome and that Hannibal shall have the right to make peace with Rome, but that any peace would include Philip and that Rome would be forced to relinquish control of <a href="/wiki/Corcyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Corcyra">Corcyra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollonia,_Illyria" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia, Illyria">Apollonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epidamnus" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidamnus">Epidamnus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hvar" title="Hvar">Pharos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimale" title="Dimale">Dimale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parthini" title="Parthini">Parthini</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Atintania" class="mw-redirect" title="Atintania">Atintania</a> and "to restore to Demetrius of Pharos all those of his friends now in the dominion of Rome."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The treaty as set down by Polybius makes no mention of an invasion of Italy by Philip, the debacle at Sazan perhaps having soured Philip on such a venture,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> something which in any case Hannibal may not have desired.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On their way back to Macedon, Philip's emissaries, along with emissaries from Hannibal, were captured by Publius Valerius Flaccus, commander of the Roman fleet patrolling the southern <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulian</a> coast. A letter from Hannibal to Philip and the terms of their agreement, were discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Philip's alliance with Carthage caused immediate dismay in Rome, hard-pressed as they already were. An additional twenty-five warships were at once outfitted and sent to join Flaccus' fleet of twenty-five warships already at <a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Tarentum</a>, with orders to guard the Italian <a href="/wiki/Adriatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Adriatic">Adriatic</a> coast, to try to determine Philip's intent and, if necessary, cross over to Macedonia, keeping Philip confined there.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War_breaks_out_in_Illyria">War breaks out in Illyria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Macedonian_War&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: War breaks out in Illyria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late summer of 214 BC, Philip again attempted an Illyrian invasion by sea, with a fleet of 120 lembi. He captured <a href="/wiki/Oricum" title="Oricum">Oricum</a> which was lightly defended, and sailing up the Aous (modern <a href="/wiki/Vjos%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vjosë">Vjosë</a>) river he besieged <a href="/wiki/Apollonia,_Illyria" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia, Illyria">Apollonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, the Romans had moved the fleet from Tarentum to <a href="/wiki/Brundisium" class="mw-redirect" title="Brundisium">Brundisium</a> to continue the watch on the movements of Philip and a <a href="/wiki/Roman_legion" title="Roman legion">legion</a> had been sent in support, all under the command of the Roman <a href="/wiki/Propraetor" class="mw-redirect" title="Propraetor">propraetor</a> <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Valerius_Laevinus" title="Marcus Valerius Laevinus">Marcus Valerius Laevinus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon receiving word from Oricum of events in Illyria, Laevinus crossed over with his fleet and army. Landing at Oricum, Laevinus was able to retake the town with little fighting. </p><p>In the account given by Livy,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laevinus, hearing that Apollonia was under siege, sent 2000 men under the command of Quintus Naevius Crista, to the mouth of the river. Avoiding Philip's army, Crista was able to enter the city by night unobserved. The following night, catching Philip's forces by surprise, he attacked and routed their camp. Escaping to his ships in the river, Philip made his way over the mountains and back to Macedonia, having burned his fleet and leaving behind many thousands of his men that had died or been taken prisoner, along with all of his armies' possessions. Meanwhile, Laevinus and his fleet wintered at Oricum. </p><p>Twice thwarted in his attempts at invasion of Illyria by sea, and now constrained by Laevinus' fleet in the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Adriatic">Adriatic</a>, Philip spent the next two years (213–212 BC) making advances in Illyria by land. Keeping clear of the coast, he took <a href="/wiki/Dassaretii" title="Dassaretii">Dassaretis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atintanians" title="Atintanians">Atintani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parthini" title="Parthini">Parthini</a>, and the town of <a href="/wiki/Dimale" title="Dimale">Dimale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was finally able to gain access to the Adriatic by capturing <a href="/wiki/Lissus_(Illyria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lissus (Illyria)">Lissus</a> and its seemingly impregnable citadel, after which the surrounding territories surrendered.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perhaps the capture of Lissus rekindled in Philip hopes of an Italian invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the loss of his fleet meant that Philip would now be dependent on Carthage for passage to and from Italy, making the prospect of invasion considerably less appealing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rome_seeks_allies_in_Greece">Rome seeks allies in Greece</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Macedonian_War&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rome seeks allies in Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Desiring to prevent Philip from aiding Carthage in Italy and elsewhere, Rome sought out allies in Greece. </p><p>Laevinus had begun exploring the possibility of an alliance with the Aetolian League as early as 212 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The war weary Aetolians had made peace with Philip at Naupactus in 217 BC. However, five years later the war faction was on the ascend and the Aetolians were once again considering taking up arms against their traditional enemy, Macedonia. </p><p>In 211 BC, an Aetolian assembly was convened for discussions with Rome. Laevinus pointed out the recent capture of <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capua" title="Capua">Capua</a> in the war against Carthage as evidence of Rome's rising fortunes and offered to ally with them against the Macedonians. A treaty was signed whereby the Aetolians would conduct operations on land, the Romans at sea and Rome would keep any slaves and other booty taken and Aetolia would receive control of any territory acquired. Another provision of the treaty allowed for the inclusion of certain allies of the League: <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Elis" title="Ancient Elis">Elis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Messenia" title="Messenia">Messenia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Attalus_I" title="Attalus I">Attalus I</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamon</a>, as well as two Roman clients, the Illyrians <a href="/wiki/Pleuratus_III" title="Pleuratus III">Pleuratus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scerdilaidas" title="Scerdilaidas">Scerdilaidas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campaign_in_Greece">Campaign in Greece</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Macedonian_War&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Campaign in Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Later that summer, Laevinus seized the main town of <a href="/wiki/Zacynthus" class="mw-redirect" title="Zacynthus">Zacynthus</a>, except for its citadel, the <a href="/wiki/Acarnania" title="Acarnania">Acarnanian</a> town of Oeniadae and the island of Nasos, which he handed over to the Aetolians. He then withdrew his fleet to <a href="/wiki/Corcyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Corcyra">Corcyra</a> for the winter.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon hearing of the Roman alliance with Aetolia, Philip's first action was to secure his northern borders. He conducted raids in Illyria at Oricum and Apollonia and seized the frontier town of Sintia in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dardania" title="Kingdom of Dardania">Dardania</a> or perhaps <a href="/wiki/Paionia" class="mw-redirect" title="Paionia">Paionia</a>. He then marched rapidly south through <a href="/wiki/Pelagonia" title="Pelagonia">Pelagonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyncestis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyncestis">Lyncestis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bottiaea" title="Bottiaea">Bottiaea</a> and on to <a href="/wiki/Vale_of_Tempe" title="Vale of Tempe">Tempe</a> which he garrisoned with 4,000 men. He turned north again into <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a>, attacking the <a href="/wiki/Maedi" title="Maedi">Maedi</a> and their chief city <a href="/wiki/Iamphorynna" class="mw-redirect" title="Iamphorynna">Iamphorynna</a> before returning to Macedon. </p><p>No sooner had Philip arrived there when he received an urgent plea for help from his ally the Acarnanians. <a href="/wiki/Scopas_of_Aetolia" title="Scopas of Aetolia">Scopas</a> the Aetolian <i><a href="/wiki/Strategos" title="Strategos">strategos</a></i> (general) had mobilized the Aetolian army and was preparing to invade Acarnania. Desperate and overmatched, but determined to resist, the Acarnanians sent their women, children and old men to seek refuge in <a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a> and the rest marched to the frontier, having sworn an oath to fight to the death, "invoking a terrible curse" upon any who were forsworn. Hearing of the Acarnanians' grim determination, the Aetolians hesitated then, learning of Philip's approach, finally abandoned their invasion, after which Philip retired to <a href="/wiki/Pella" title="Pella">Pella</a> for the winter.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the spring of 210 BC, Laevinus again sailed from Corcyra with his fleet and, together with the Aetolians, captured <a href="/wiki/Phocis" title="Phocis">Phocian</a> <a href="/wiki/Anticyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Anticyra">Anticyra</a>. Rome enslaved the inhabitants and Aetolia took possession of the town.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although there was some fear of Rome and concern with her methods,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the coalition arrayed against Philip continued to grow. As allowed for by the treaty, Pergamon, Elis and Messenia, followed by Sparta, all agreed to join the alliance against Macedon.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Roman fleet, together with the Pergamene fleet, controlled the sea, and Macedon and her allies were threatened on land by the rest of the coalition. The Roman strategy of encumbering Philip with a war among Greeks in Greece was succeeding, so much so that when Laevinus went to Rome to take up his <a href="/wiki/Roman_consul" title="Roman consul">consulship</a>, he was able to report that the legion deployed against Philip could be safely withdrawn.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the Eleans, Messenians and Spartans remained passive throughout 210 BC and Philip continued to make advances. He invested and took Echinus, using extensive siegeworks, having beaten back an attempt to relieve the town by the Aetolian <i><a href="/wiki/Strategos" title="Strategos">strategos</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Dorimachus" title="Dorimachus">Dorimachus</a> and the Roman fleet, now commanded by the proconsul <a href="/wiki/Publius_Sulpicius_Galba_Maximus" title="Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus">Publius Sulpicius Galba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moving west, Philip probably also took <a href="/wiki/Phalara" title="Phalara">Phalara</a> the port city of <a href="/wiki/Lamia_(city)" title="Lamia (city)">Lamia</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Maliac_Gulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliac Gulf">Maliac Gulf</a>. Sulpicius and Dorimachus took <a href="/wiki/Aegina" title="Aegina">Aegina</a>, an island in the <a href="/wiki/Saronic_Gulf" title="Saronic Gulf">Saronic Gulf</a>, which the Aetolians sold to Attalus, the Pergamene king, for thirty <a href="/wiki/Talent_(weight)" class="mw-redirect" title="Talent (weight)">talents</a>, and which he was to use as his base of operations against Macedon in the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a>. </p><p>In the spring of 209 BC, Philip received requests for help from his ally the <a href="/wiki/Achaean_League" title="Achaean League">Achaean League</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Peloponnesus">Peloponnesus</a> who were being attacked by <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a> and the Aetolians. He also heard that Attalus had been elected one of the two supreme commanders of the Aetolian League, as well as rumors that he intended to crossover the Aegean from <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philip marched south into Greece. At Lamia he was met by an Aetolian force, supported by Roman and Pergamene auxiliaries, under the command of Attalus' colleague as <i>strategos</i>, the Aetolian <a href="/wiki/Pyrrhias_of_Aetolia" title="Pyrrhias of Aetolia">Pyrrhias</a>. Philip won two battles at Lamia, inflicting heavy casualties on Pyrrhias' troops. The Aetolians and their allies were forced to retreat inside the city walls, where they remained, unwilling to give battle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attempt_at_peace_fails">Attempt at peace fails</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Macedonian_War&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Attempt at peace fails"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From Lamia, Philip went to Phalara where he met representatives from the neutral states of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chios" title="Chios">Chios</a> who were trying to end the war. As trading states, the war was likely hurting trade;<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Livy says that they were concerned "not so much for the Aetolians, who were more warlike than the rest of the Greeks, as for the liberty of Greece, which would be seriously endangered if Philip and his kingdom took an active part in Greek politics." With them was Amynandor of <a href="/wiki/Athamania" class="mw-redirect" title="Athamania">Athamania</a>, representing the Aetolians. A truce of thirty days and a peace conference at Achaea were arranged. </p><p>Philip marched to <a href="/wiki/Chalcis" title="Chalcis">Chalcis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Euboea" title="Euboea">Euboea</a>, which he garrisoned to block Attalus' landing there, then continued on to <a href="/wiki/Aegium" title="Aegium">Aegium</a> for the conference. The conference was interrupted by a report that Attalus had arrived at Aegina and the Roman fleet was at Naupactus. The Aetolian representatives, emboldened by these events, at once demanded that Philip return Pylos to the Messenians, Atintania to Rome and the Ardiaei to Scerdilaidas and Pleuratus. "Indignant", Philip quit the negotiations telling the assembly that they "might bear him witness that whilst he was seeking a basis for peace, the other side were determined to find a pretext for war".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hostilities_resume">Hostilities resume</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Macedonian_War&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Hostilities resume"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From Naupactus, Sulpicius sailed east to <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sicyon" title="Sicyon">Sicyon</a>, conducting raids there. Philip, with his cavalry, caught the Romans ashore and was able to drive them back to their ships, with the Romans returning to Naupactus. </p><p>Philip then joined <a href="/wiki/Cycliadas" title="Cycliadas">Cycliadas</a>, the Achaean general, near <a href="/wiki/Dyme,_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyme, Greece">Dyme</a> for a joint attack on the city of <a href="/wiki/Elis_(city)" title="Elis (city)">Elis</a>, the main Aetolian base of operations against Achaea.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Sulpicius had sailed into <a href="/wiki/Kyllini,_Elis" title="Kyllini, Elis">Cyllene</a> and reinforced Elis with a force of 4,000 Roman troops. Leading a charge, Philip was thrown from his horse. Fighting on foot, Philip became the object of a fierce battle, finally escaping on another horse. The next day, Philip captured the stronghold of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phyricus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phyricus (page does not exist)">Phyricus</a>, taking 4,000 prisoners and 20,000 animals. Hearing news of Illyrian incursions in the north, Philip abandoned <a href="/wiki/Aetolia" title="Aetolia">Aetolia</a> and returned to <a href="/wiki/Demetrias" title="Demetrias">Demetrias</a> in <a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, Sulpicius sailed round into the Aegean and joined Attalus on Aegina for the winter.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 208 BC, the combined fleet of thirty-five Pergamene and twenty-five Roman ships failed to take <a href="/wiki/Lemnos" title="Lemnos">Lemnos</a>, but occupied and plundered the countryside of the island of Peparethos (Skopelos), both Macedonian possessions.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Attalus and Sulpicius then attended a meeting in <a href="/wiki/Trachis" title="Trachis">Heraclea Trachinia</a> of the Council of the Aetolians, which included representatives from Egypt and Rhodes, who were continuing to try to arrange a peace. Learning of the conference and the presence of Attalus, Philip marched rapidly south in an attempt to break up the conference and catch the enemy leaders, but arrived too late.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Surrounded by foes, Philip was forced to adopt a defensive policy.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He distributed his commanders and forces and set up a system of beacon fires at various high places to communicate instantly any enemy movements. </p><p>After leaving Heraclea, Attalus and Sulpicius sacked both <a href="/wiki/Oreus" title="Oreus">Oreus</a> on the northern coast of <a href="/wiki/Euboea" title="Euboea">Euboea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Opus,_Greece" title="Opus, Greece">Opus</a>, the chief city of eastern <a href="/wiki/Locris" title="Locris">Locris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The spoils from Oreus had been reserved for Sulpicius, who returned there, while Attalus stayed to collect the spoils from Opus. However, with their forces divided, Philip, alerted by signal fire, attacked and took Opus. Attalus, caught by surprise, was barely able to escape to his ships. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_war_ends">The war ends</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Macedonian_War&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The war ends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Philip considered Attalus' escape a bitter defeat,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it proved to be the turning point of the war. Attalus was forced to return to Pergamon, when he learned at Opus that, perhaps at the urging of Philip, <a href="/wiki/Prusias_I_of_Bithynia" title="Prusias I of Bithynia">Prusias I</a>, king of Bithynia and related to Philip by marriage, was moving against Pergamon. Sulpicius returned to Aegina, so free from the pressure of the combined Roman and Pergamene fleets, Philip was able to resume the offensive against the Aetolians. He captured <a href="/wiki/Thronium_(Locris)" title="Thronium (Locris)">Thronium</a>, followed by the towns of <a href="/wiki/Tithronium" title="Tithronium">Tithronium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drymaea" title="Drymaea">Drymaea</a> north of the <a href="/wiki/Cephissus_(Boeotia)" title="Cephissus (Boeotia)">Cephisus</a>, controlling all of <a href="/wiki/Epicnemidian_Locris" class="mw-redirect" title="Epicnemidian Locris">Epicnemidian Locris</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and took back control of Oreus.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The neutral trading powers were still trying to arrange a peace and, at <a href="/wiki/Elateia" title="Elateia">Elateia</a>, Philip met with the same would-be peacemakers from Egypt and Rhodes who had been at the previous meeting in Heraclea, and again in the spring of 207 BC, but to no avail.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Representatives of Egypt, Rhodes, <a href="/wiki/Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Byzantium</a>, Chios, <a href="/wiki/Mytilene" title="Mytilene">Mytilene</a> and perhaps <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> also met again with the Aetolians that spring.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The war was going Philip's way, but the Aetolians, although now abandoned by both Pergamon and Rome, were not yet ready to make peace on Philip's terms. However, after another season of fighting, they finally relented. In 206 BC, and without Rome's consent, the Aetolians sued for a separate peace on conditions imposed by Philip. </p><p>The following spring<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Romans sent the censor <a href="/wiki/Publius_Sempronius_Tuditanus" title="Publius Sempronius Tuditanus">Publius Sempronius Tuditanus</a> with 35 ships and 11,000 men to <a href="/wiki/Dyrrachium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyrrachium">Dyrrachium</a> in Illyria, where he incited the Parthini to revolt and laid siege to Dimale. However, when Philip arrived, Sempronius broke off the siege and withdrew inside the walls of Apollonia. Sempronius tried unsuccessfully to entice the Aetolians to break their peace with Philip. With no more allies in Greece, but having achieved their objective of preventing Philip from aiding Hannibal, the Romans were ready to make peace. A treaty was drawn up at <a href="/wiki/Phoenice" title="Phoenice">Phoenice</a> in 205 BC, the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Phoenice" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace of Phoenice">Peace of Phoenice</a>," which formally ended the First Macedonian War.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Macedonian_War&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Greece" title="Military history of Greece">Military history of Greece</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Macedonian_War&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polybius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+2.11">2.11</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polybius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+3.16">3.16</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+3.18">3.18–19</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+4.66">4.66</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polybius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+5.101">5.101</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polybius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+5.102">5.102</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polybius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+5.103">5.103–-105</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polybius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+5.103">5.103</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polybius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+5.104">5.104</a>. According to Walbank, p. 66, note 5, this speech, "nonwithstanding rhetorical elements … bears the mark of a true version based on contemporary record."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5.109-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-5.109_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-5.109_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-5.109_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Polybius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+5.109">5.109</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walbank, p. 69; Polybius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+5.1">5.1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+5.95">5.95</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+5.108">5.108</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilkes, p. 157; Polybius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+2.3">2.3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polybius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+5.108">5.108</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walbank, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polybius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+5.110">5.110</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polybius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+7.9">7.9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Walbank, p. 71, note 1, the version of the treaty described in Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_23#33" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 23">23.33.9–12</a> which mention an Italian invasion by Philip, "are worthless annalistic fabrications".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walbank, p. 69, note 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_23#34" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 23">23.34</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_23#38" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 23">23.38</a>. Livy says that 20 ships were outfitted and, along with the five ships that transported the agents to Rome, were sent to join Flaccus' fleet of 25 ships. In the same passage he says that 30 ships left Ostia for Tarentum and talks about a combined fleet of 55. Walbank, p. 75, note 2, says that the 55 number given by Livy is a mistake, citing "Holleaux, 187, n. 1."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walbank, p. 75; Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_24#40" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 24">24.40</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_24#10" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 24">24.10–11</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_24#20" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 24">20</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_24#40" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 24">24.40</a>. Livy's account is suspect, see Walbank, p. 76, note 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEckstein2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Eckstein" title="Arthur Eckstein">Eckstein, Arthur M.</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Czk_jxbHEDQC"><i>Rome Enters the Greek East From Anarchy to Hierarchy in the Hellenistic Mediterranean, 230–170 BC</i></a>. Blackwell Publishing. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-6072-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-6072-8"><bdi>978-1-4051-6072-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rome+Enters+the+Greek+East+From+Anarchy+to+Hierarchy+in+the+Hellenistic+Mediterranean%2C+230%E2%80%93170+BC&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-6072-8&rft.aulast=Eckstein&rft.aufirst=Arthur+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCzk_jxbHEDQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Macedonian+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polybius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+8.15">8.15–16</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_24#13" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 24">24.13</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_25#23" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 25">25.23</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walbank, p. 82; Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_25#30" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 25">25.30</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_26#24" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 26">26.24</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_26#24" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 26">26.24</a>. According to Walbank, p. 84, note 2, "Livy accidentally omits Messenia and erroneously describes Pleuratus as king of Thrace."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_26#24" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 26">26.24</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_26#25" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 26">26.25</a>; Polybius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+9.40">9.40</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_26#26" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 26">26.26</a>; Polybius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+9.39">9.39</a>. Livy says that Anticyra was Locrian, but modern scholars disagree, see Walbank, p. 87, note 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polybius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+9.37">9.37–39</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+10.15">10.15</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polybius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+9.30">9,30</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_26#28" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 26">26.28</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polybius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+9.41">9.41–42</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_27#29" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 27">27.29</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walbank, p. 89–90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_27#30" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 27">27.30</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_27#31" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 27">27.31</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_27#32" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 27">27.32</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_27#33" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 27">27.33</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_28#5" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 28">28.5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polybius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+10.42">10.42</a>; Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_28#5" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 28">28.5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polybius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+10.41">10.41</a>; Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_28#5" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 28">28.5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_28#6" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 28">28.6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polybius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+11.7">11.7</a>; Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_28#7" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 28">28.7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_28#7" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 28">28.7</a>; Walbank, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_28#8" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 28">28.8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_28#7" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 28">28.7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polybius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+11.4">11.4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Walbank, p. 102, note 2, Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_29#12" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 29">29.12</a> "is spoilt by annalistic contamination, which, in the interests of Roman policy, tries to run the Aetolian peace and the return of the Romans as closely together as possible".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City/Book_29#12" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City/Book 29">29.12</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Macedonian_War&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>First Macedonian War</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=First+Macedonian+War&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=First+Macedonian+War">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=First+Macedonian+War&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li>Hansen, Esther V., <i>The Attalids of Pergamon</i>, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press; London: Cornell University Press Ltd (1971). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-0615-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-0615-3">0-8014-0615-3</a>.</li> <li>Kleu, Michael. Die Seepolitik Philipps V. von Makedonien. Bochum, Verlag Dr. Dieter Winkler, 2015.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/From_the_Founding_of_the_City" class="extiw" title="s:From the Founding of the City"><i>From the Founding of the City</i></a>, Rev. Canon Roberts (translator), Ernest Rhys (Ed.); (1905) London: J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+1.1"><i>Histories</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_S._Shuckburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Evelyn S. Shuckburgh">Evelyn S. Shuckburgh</a> (translator); London, New York. Macmillan (1889); Reprint Bloomington (1962).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._W._Walbank" title="F. W. Walbank">Walbank, F. W.</a> (1940), <i>Philip V of Macedon</i>.</li> <li>Wilkes, John, <i>The Illyrians</i>, Blackwell Publishers (December 1, 1995). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-19807-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-19807-5">0-631-19807-5</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Roman_wars" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Roman_Wars" title="Template:Ancient Roman Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Roman_Wars" title="Template talk:Ancient Roman Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Roman_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Roman Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Roman_wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_external_wars_and_battles" title="List of Roman external wars and battles">Ancient Roman wars</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaign_history_of_the_Roman_military" title="Campaign history of the Roman military">Wars of the<br />Roman Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_expansion_in_Italy" title="Roman expansion in Italy">Roman conquest of Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Etruscan_Wars" title="Roman–Etruscan Wars">Roman–Etruscan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman-Aequian_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman-Aequian wars">Roman-Aequian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Latin_wars" title="Roman–Latin wars">Roman–Latin wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_the_Hernici" title="Roman conquest of the Hernici">Roman–Hernician wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Volscian_wars" title="Roman–Volscian wars">Roman–Volscian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Sabine_wars" title="Roman–Sabine wars">Roman–Sabine wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samnite_Wars" title="Samnite Wars">Samnite Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhic_War" title="Pyrrhic War">Pyrrhic War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_War_(91%E2%80%9387_BC)" title="Social War (91–87 BC)">Social War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Gallic_wars" title="Roman–Gallic wars">Roman–Gallic wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_Wars" title="Punic Wars">Punic Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Punic_War" title="First Punic War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Punic_War" title="Third Punic War">Third</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyro-Roman_Wars" title="Illyro-Roman Wars">Illyro-Roman Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Wars" title="Macedonian Wars">Macedonian Wars</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Macedonian_War" title="Second Macedonian War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Macedonian_War" title="Third Macedonian War">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Macedonian_War" title="Fourth Macedonian War">Fourth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Seleucid_war" title="Roman–Seleucid war">Roman–Seleucid war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatian_War" title="Galatian War">Galatian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula">Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_Wars" title="Celtiberian Wars">Celtiberian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitanian_War" title="Lusitanian War">Lusitanian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numantine_War" title="Numantine War">Numantine War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sertorian_War" title="Sertorian War">Sertorian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_Wars" title="Cantabrian Wars">Cantabrian Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaean_War" title="Achaean War">Achaean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugurthine_War" title="Jugurthine War">Jugurthine War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimbrian_War" title="Cimbrian War">Cimbrian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servile_Wars" title="Servile Wars">Servile Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Servile_War" title="First Servile War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Servile_War" title="Second Servile War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Servile_War" title="Third Servile War">Third</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bellum_Octavianum" title="Bellum Octavianum">Bellum Octavianum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulla%27s_civil_war" title="Sulla's civil war">Sulla's civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridatic_Wars" title="Mithridatic Wars">Mithridatic Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Mithridatic_War" title="First Mithridatic War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mithridatic_War" title="Second Mithridatic War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Mithridatic_War" title="Third Mithridatic War">Third</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallic_Wars" title="Gallic Wars">Gallic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar%27s_invasions_of_Britain" title="Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain">Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Parthian_Wars" title="Roman–Parthian Wars">Roman–Parthian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar%27s_civil_war" title="Caesar's civil war">Caesar's civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Mutina" title="War of Mutina">War of Mutina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberators%27_civil_war" title="Liberators' civil war">Liberators' civil war</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bellum_Siculum" title="Bellum Siculum">Bellum Siculum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perusine_War" title="Perusine War">Perusine War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Actium" title="War of Actium">War of Actium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaign_history_of_the_Roman_military" title="Campaign history of the Roman military">Wars of the<br />Roman Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_warfare_between_the_Romans_and_Germanic_peoples" title="Chronology of warfare between the Romans and Germanic peoples">Germanic wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_Wars" title="Marcomannic Wars">Marcomannic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_War_(376%E2%80%93382)" title="Gothic War (376–382)">Gothic War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_Britain" title="Roman conquest of Britain">Roman conquest of Britain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boudican_revolt" title="Boudican revolt">Boudican revolt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Parthian_War_of_58%E2%80%9363" title="Roman–Parthian War of 58–63">Armenian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_of_the_Four_Emperors" title="Year of the Four Emperors">Civil war of 69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_wars" title="Jewish–Roman wars">Jewish–Roman wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domitian%27s_Dacian_War" title="Domitian's Dacian War">Domitian's Dacian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Dacian_Wars" title="Trajan's Dacian Wars">Trajan's Dacian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Persian_Wars" title="Roman–Persian Wars">Roman–Persian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_of_the_Third_Century" title="Crisis of the Third Century">Civil wars of the Third Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire" title="Fall of the Western Roman Empire">Wars of the fall of the Western Roman Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_ancient_Rome" title="Military history of ancient Rome">Military history of ancient Rome</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Greek_wars" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Greek_wars" title="Template:Ancient Greek wars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Greek_wars" title="Template talk:Ancient Greek wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Greek_wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Greek wars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Greek_wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Ancient Greek wars</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">Archaic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Messenian_War" title="First Messenian War">First Messenian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelantine_War" title="Lelantine War">Lelantine War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Messenian_War" title="Second Messenian War">Second Messenian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian%E2%80%93Milesian_War" title="Lydian–Milesian War">Lydian–Milesian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sacred_War" title="First Sacred War">First Sacred War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Wars" title="Sicilian Wars">Sicilian Wars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">Classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Persian_Wars" title="Greco-Persian Wars">Greco-Persian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeginetan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeginetan War">Aeginetan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Delian_League" title="Wars of the Delian League">Wars of the Delian League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Messenian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Messenian War">Third Messenian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Peloponnesian_War" title="First Peloponnesian War">First Peloponnesian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sacred_War" title="Second Sacred War">Second Sacred War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samian_War" title="Samian War">Samian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_War" title="Peloponnesian War">Second Peloponnesian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyle_Campaign" title="Phyle Campaign">Phyle Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corinthian_War" title="Corinthian War">Corinthian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeotian_War" title="Boeotian War">Boeotian War</a></li> <li>Wars of the <a href="/wiki/Theban_hegemony" title="Theban hegemony">Theban hegemony</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theban%E2%80%93Spartan_War" title="Theban–Spartan War">Theban–Spartan War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_War_(357%E2%80%93355_BC)" title="Social War (357–355 BC)">Social War <span style="font-size:85%;">(357–355 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Sacred_War" title="Third Sacred War">Third Sacred War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_War" title="Foreign War">Foreign War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_of_Macedonia_under_Philip_II" title="Expansion of Macedonia under Philip II">Expansion of Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_Alexander_the_Great" title="Wars of Alexander the Great">Wars of Alexander the Great</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Greece" title="Hellenistic Greece">Hellenistic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamian_War" title="Lamian War">Lamian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Diadochi" title="Wars of the Diadochi">Wars of the <i>Diadochi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonid%E2%80%93Nabataean_confrontations" title="Antigonid–Nabataean confrontations">Antigonid–Nabataean confrontations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid%E2%80%93Mauryan_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucid–Mauryan war">Seleucid–Mauryan war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhic_War" title="Pyrrhic War">Pyrrhic War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Wars" title="Syrian Wars">Syrian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhus%27_invasion_of_the_Peloponnese" title="Pyrrhus' invasion of the Peloponnese">Pyrrhus' invasion of the Peloponnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chremonidean_War" title="Chremonidean War">Chremonidean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid%E2%80%93Parthian_Wars" title="Seleucid–Parthian Wars">Seleucid–Parthian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleomenean_War" title="Cleomenean War">Cleomenean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyttian_War" title="Lyttian War">Lyttian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_War_(220%E2%80%93217_BC)" title="Social War (220–217 BC)">Social War <span style="font-size:85%;">(220–217 BC)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Wars" title="Macedonian Wars">Macedonian Wars</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">First</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_Macedonian_War" title="Second Macedonian War">Second</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_Macedonian_War" title="Third Macedonian War">Third</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Macedonian_War" title="Fourth Macedonian War">Fourth</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_War_(205%E2%80%93200_BC)" title="Cretan War (205–200 BC)">Cretan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Seleucid_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman–Seleucid War">Roman–Seleucid War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aetolian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Aetolian War">Aetolian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_Nabis" title="War against Nabis">War against Nabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatian_War" title="Galatian War">Galatian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maccabean_Revolt" title="Maccabean Revolt">Maccabean Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Dynastic_Wars" title="Seleucid Dynastic Wars">Seleucid Dynastic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaean_War" title="Achaean War">Achaean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridatic_Wars" title="Mithridatic Wars">Mithridatic Wars</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_Mithridatic_War" title="First Mithridatic War">First</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_Mithridatic_War" title="Second Mithridatic War">Second</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_Mithridatic_War" title="Third Mithridatic War">Third</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Actium" title="War of Actium">War of Actium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">Military history</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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