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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Kirjaudu sisään</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sivut kirjautumattomille muokkaajille <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tervetuloa_Wikipediaan" aria-label="Lue lisää muokkaamisesta"><span>lue lisää</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Toiminnot:Omat_muokkaukset" title="Luettelo tästä IP-osoitteesta tehdyistä muokkauksista [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Muokkaukset</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Toiminnot:Oma_keskustelu" title="Keskustelu tämän IP-osoitteen muokkauksista [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Keskustelu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sivusto"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sisällysluettelo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisällysluettelo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">siirrä sivupalkkiin</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">piilota</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Johdanto</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Lähteet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lähteet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Lähteet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lähteet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisällysluettelo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Sisällysluettelo" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vaihda sisällysluettelo" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vaihda sisällysluettelo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mene artikkeliin toisella kielellä. Saatavilla 55 kielellä" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 kieltä</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="جان بيار سوفاج — arabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جان بيار سوفاج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C" title="জিন-পিয়েৰী চাওভেজ — assami" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জিন-পিয়েৰী চাওভেজ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan-Pyer_Savaj" title="Jan-Pyer Savaj — azeri" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Jan-Pyer Savaj" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%98" title="ژان-پیئر سوواژ — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژان-پیئر سوواژ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — malaiji" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%81-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C" title="জঁ-পিয়ের সোভাজ — bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জঁ-পিয়ের সোভাজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%9F%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Жан-П’ер Саваж — valkovenäjä" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жан-П’ер Саваж" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valkovenäjä" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Жан-Пиер Соваж — bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Жан-Пиер Соваж" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — tšekki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšekki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — tanska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="tanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%B1%CE%BD-%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%81_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%B6" title="Ζαν-Πιερ Σοβάζ — kreikka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζαν-Πιερ Σοβάζ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreikka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — englanti" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="englanti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — espanja" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%98" title="ژان-پیر سوواژ — persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژان-پیر سوواژ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage_(chimiste)" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage (chimiste) — ranska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage (chimiste)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ranska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — gaeli" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaeli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — hakka-kiina" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka-kiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%ED%94%BC%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B4_%EC%86%8C%EB%B0%94%EC%A3%BC" title="장피에르 소바주 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="장피에르 소바주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8A%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%BC_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AA" title="Ժան Պիեռ Սովաժ — armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ժան Պիեռ Սովաժ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%27%D7%90%D7%9F-%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%91%D7%90%D7%96%27" title="ז'אן-פייר סובאז' — heprea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ז'אן-פייר סובאז'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heprea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes-Petrus_Sauvage" title="Ioannes-Petrus Sauvage — latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes-Petrus Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage_(Cheemiker)" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage (Cheemiker) — luxemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage (Cheemiker)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — liettua" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="liettua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — unkari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="unkari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%9F%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Жан-Пјер Соваж — makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Жан-Пјер Соваж" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" title="ജീൻ പിയറേ സോവേജ് — malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജീൻ പിയറേ സോവേജ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="جان بيار سوفاج — egyptinarabia" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جان بيار سوفاج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptinarabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%98" title="ژان-پیر سوواژ — mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ژان-پیر سوواژ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — hollanti" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollanti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%94%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5" title="ジャン＝ピエール・ソヴァージュ — japani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャン＝ピエール・ソヴァージュ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — norjan bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norjan bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — uzbekki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — alasaksa" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="alasaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — puola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="puola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B6,_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Соваж, Жан-Пьер — venäjä" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Соваж, Жан-Пьер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="venäjä" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDan-Pjer_Sova%C5%BE" title="Žan-Pjer Sovaž — serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Žan-Pjer Sovaž" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — ruotsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ruotsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="இழான் பியர் சோவாழ்சு — tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இழான் பியர் சோவாழ்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3-%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Жаң-Пьер Соваж — tataari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Жаң-Пьер Соваж" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage — turkki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%9F%27%D1%94%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Жан-П'єр Соваж — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Жан-П'єр Соваж" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%BA_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="ژان پیئغ سوواج — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ژان پیئغ سوواج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:15px; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA; background-color: #B2DFB2; color: #000000; font-size:large;">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</th> </tr><tr><td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; line-height:1.4; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tiedosto:Jean-Pierre_Sauvage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage.jpg/250px-Jean-Pierre_Sauvage.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage.jpg/375px-Jean-Pierre_Sauvage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage.jpg/500px-Jean-Pierre_Sauvage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2692" data-file-height="3365" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><th class="" colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA; background-color: #B2DFB2; color: #000000; ;">Henkilötiedot</th> </tr><tr><td class="" style=""><b>Syntynyt</b></td><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pariisi" title="Pariisi">Pariisi</a></td></tr><tr><th class="" colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA; background-color: #B2DFB2; color: #000000; ;">Koulutus ja ura</th> </tr> <tr><td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; font-weight:bold;">Väitöstyön ohjaaja</td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehn</a></td> </tr> <tr><td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; font-weight:bold;">Tutkimusalue</td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"> <a href="/wiki/Supramolekulaarinen_kemia" title="Supramolekulaarinen kemia">Supramolekulaarinen kemia</a></td> </tr> <tr><td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; font-weight:bold;">Palkinnot</td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nobel-palkinto" title="Nobel-palkinto"><img alt="Nobel-palkinto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nobelin_kemianpalkinto" title="Nobelin kemianpalkinto">Nobelin kemianpalkinto</a> (2016)</td> </tr> <tr><td class="" colspan="2" style=""> <div style="text-align:center"> <small>[ <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3169751" class="extiw" title="d:Q3169751">Muokkaa Wikidatassa</a> ] <span style="display:none" class="showlinkback"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/" title="Näytä Wikidatasta tulevat arvot"><img alt="Näytä Wikidatasta tulevat arvot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/25px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/38px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/50px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span></span></small></div> </td> </tr><tr class="infobox_tests" style="display:none"><td><span class="wd_tests"><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/fiwiki-tools/testit/INFOBOX/OK">Infobox OK</a></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Jean-Pierre Sauvage</b> (s. <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a> <a href="/wiki/Pariisi" title="Pariisi">Pariisi</a>) on ranskalainen kemisti, joka on erikoistunut <a href="/wiki/Supramolekulaarinen_kemia" title="Supramolekulaarinen kemia">supramolekulaariseen kemiaan</a>. Hän sai <a href="/wiki/Nobelin_kemianpalkinto" title="Nobelin kemianpalkinto">Nobelin kemianpalkinnon</a> vuonna 2016 yhdessä <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddartin</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Feringa" title="Bernard Feringa">Bernard Feringan</a> kanssa molekyylikoneiden synteesistä ja suunnittelusta.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sauvage on teki väitöskirjansa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Pasteur_Yliopisto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Pasteur Yliopisto (sivua ei ole)">Louis Pasteur Yliopistossa</a> toisen tunnetun ranskalaisen supramolekulaarisen kemian tutkijan <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehnin</a> alaisuudessa. Sauvage väitteli tohtoriksi vuonna 1971. 1980-luvun alusta hän on tutkinut <a href="/wiki/Katenaanit" title="Katenaanit">katenaanien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rotaksaanit" title="Rotaksaanit">rotaksaanien</a> ja muiden sisäkkäisiä makrosyklisiä rengasrakenteita sisältävien orgaanisten molekyylien synteesiä. Läpimurto tapahtui vuonna 1983, kun Sauvage ryhmineen onnistui syntetisoimaan rotaksaaneja ja katenaaneja <a href="/wiki/Kupari" title="Kupari">kupari</a>(I)suolojen katalysoimalla reaktiolla makrosyklisistä <a href="/wiki/Fenantroliini" title="Fenantroliini">fenantroliinijohdannaisista</a> hyvällä <a href="/wiki/Saanto_(kemia)" title="Saanto (kemia)">saannolla</a>. Synteesi perustui kupari-ionin koordinoitumiseen makrosyklisiin ligandeihin. Sauvage on ryhmineen sittemmin syntetisoinut useita sisäkkäisiä rengarakenteisia ryhmiä sisältäviä molekyyleja, jotka ovat niin kutsuttuja molekyylisolmuja. Sauvage on tutkinut myös kompleksoitumisen vaikutuksia molekyylien rakenteeseen. Makrosykliset isäntämolekyylit muuttavat konformaatiotaan, kun kupari-ioni irtoaa kompleksista ja kompleksoituu uudelleen. Jean-Pierre Sauvage on <a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur_-yliopisto" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Pasteur -yliopisto">Louis Pasteur -yliopiston</a> emeritusprofessori.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lähteet"><span id="L.C3.A4hteet"></span>Lähteet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Pierre_Sauvage&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muokkaa osiota Lähteet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muokkaa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Pierre_Sauvage&action=edit&section=1" title="Muokkaa osion lähdekoodia: Lähteet"><span>muokkaa wikitekstiä</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23002391">.mw-parser-output div.viitteet-malline ol.references{list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .viitteet-sarakkeet li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output ol.references>li:target{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#DEF)}.mw-parser-output sup.reference:target{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#DEF)}.mw-parser-output span[rel="mw:referencedBy"]{counter-reset:mw-ref-linkback 0}.mw-parser-output span[rel="mw:referencedBy"]>a::before{font-style:italic;content:counter(mw-ref-linkback,lower-alpha)}.mw-parser-output .mw-ref>a[data-mw-group=lower-roman]::after{content:"["counter(mw-Ref,lower-roman)"]"}.mw-parser-output .mw-ref>a[data-mw-group=lower-greek]::after{content:"["counter(mw-Ref,lower-greek)"]"}.mw-parser-output .mw-ref>a[data-mw-group=upper-roman]::after{content:"["counter(mw-Ref,upper-roman)"]"}.mw-parser-output .mw-ref>a[data-mw-group=decimal]::after{content:"["counter(mw-Ref,decimal)"]"}.mw-parser-output .mw-ref>a[data-mw-group=lower-alpha]::after{content:"["counter(mw-Ref,lower-alpha)"]"}.mw-parser-output .mw-ref>a[data-mw-group=upper-alpha]::after{content:"["counter(mw-Ref,upper-alpha)"]"}body.action-info .mw-parser-output :target{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#DEF)}</style><div id="viitteet-malline" class="viitteet-malline" style="list-style-type:decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="verkkoviite" title="Verkkoviite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2016/">The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016</a> <i>Nobelprize.org</i>. Viitattu 5.10.2016. <span style="font-size: 0.95em; position: relative;">(englanniksi)</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="verkkoviite" title="Verkkoviite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2016/advanced-chemistryprize2016.pdf">Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016: Molecular machines</a> 5.10.2016. Kungliga Vetenskaps Akademin. Viitattu 5.10.2016. <span style="font-size: 0.95em; position: relative;">(englanniksi)</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="lehtiviite" title="Lehtiviite">J. Fraser Stoddart: The master of chemical topology. <i>Chemical Society Reviewa</i>, 2009, 38. vsk, s. 1521–1529.  <span style="font-size: 0.95em; position: relative;">(englanniksi)</span></span></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22837949">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%E2%80%99t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van ’t Hoff">van ’t Hoff</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer">H. E. Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Arrhenius</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">Ramsay</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">von Bayer</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Moissan</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Buchner</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Rutherford</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Ostwald</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Wallach</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M. Curie</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Grignard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier" title="Paul Sabatier">Sabatier</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Werner</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Richards</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Willstätter</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Haber</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Hermann_Nernst" title="Walther Hermann Nernst">Nernst</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Soddy</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Aston</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Pregl</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Zsigmondy</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E6E6FA;width:1%;text-align: right; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Svedberg</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Wieland</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Otto_Reinhold_Windaus" title="Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus">Windaus</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Harden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">von Euler-Chelpin</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">H. Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Bosch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Bergius</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Langmuir</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Clayton_Urey" title="Harold Clayton Urey">Urey</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">F. Joliot-Curie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">I. Joliot-Curie</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Debye</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Haworth" title="Walter Haworth">Haworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Karrer</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Kuhn</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Butenandt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lavoslav_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Lavoslav Ružička">Ružička</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">de Hevesy</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Hahn</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/A._I._Virtanen" title="A. I. Virtanen">Virtanen</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/James_B._Sumner" title="James B. Sumner">Sumner</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">Northrop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Stanley</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Tiselius</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">Giauque</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Alder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Diels</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E6E6FA;width:1%;text-align: right; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">McMillan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg" title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg">Seaborg</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Archer_John_Porter_Martin" title="Archer John Porter Martin">Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge" title="Richard Laurence Millington Synge">Synge</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Staudinger</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Pauling</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">du Vigneaud</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Hinshelwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Semjonov" title="Nikolai Semjonov">Semjonov</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" title="Alexander R. Todd">Todd</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Heyrovský</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Libby</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Calvin</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Perutz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">Kendrew</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Ziegler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Natta</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Woodward</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mulliken" title="Robert Mulliken">Mulliken</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Eigen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Norrish</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">Porter</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Onsager</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Barton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Hassel</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Leloir</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Herzberg</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Christian_Anfinsen" title="Christian Anfinsen">Anfinsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">Stein</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">E. O. Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Flory" title="Paul J. Flory">Flory</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">Cornforth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Prelog</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E6E6FA;width:1%;text-align: right; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">Lipscomb</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Prigogine</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Wittig</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Berg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Gilbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Fukui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Klug</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Taube</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Merrifield</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Hauptman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Karle</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Herschbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Polanyi" title="John Charles Polanyi">Polanyi</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Cram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Lehn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Pedersen</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Deisenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber_(biokemisti)" title="Robert Huber (biokemisti)">Huber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Michel</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Altman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Cech</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Corey</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Ernst</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Marcus</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Mullis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith" title="Michael Smith">Smith</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/George_A._Olah" title="George A. Olah">Olah</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Crutzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_J._Molina" title="Mario J. Molina">Molina</a>, <a href="/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" title="F. Sherwood Rowland">Rowland</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Curl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Kroto" title="Harold Kroto">Kroto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Smalley</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Boyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">Walker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Skou</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Kohn</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">Pople</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Zewail</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Heeger" title="Alan J. Heeger">Heeger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_G._MacDiarmid" title="Alan G. MacDiarmid">MacDiarmid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Shirakawa</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E6E6FA;width:1%;text-align: right; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">2001–</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/William_S._Knowles" title="William S. Knowles">Knowles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Noyori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/John_Bennett_Fenn" title="John Bennett Fenn">Fenn</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dichi_Tanaka" title="Kōichi Tanaka">Tanaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Wüthrich</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Agre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">MacKinnon</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Ciechanover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Hershko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Rose</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs" title="Robert H. Grubbs">Grubbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock" title="Richard R. Schrock">Schrock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Chauvin</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Kornberg" title="Roger Kornberg">Kornberg</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Ertl</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Shimomura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Chalfie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien">Tsien</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Ramakrishnan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Steitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ada_E._Yonath" title="Ada E. Yonath">Yonath</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" title="Richard F. Heck">Heck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Suzuki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eiichi_Negishi" title="Eiichi Negishi">Negishi</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Shechtman" title="Daniel Shechtman">Shechtman</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Lefkowitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Kobilka</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Karplus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt_(biologi)" title="Michael Levitt (biologi)">Levitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Warshel</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Betzig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Hell</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner">Moerner</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Lindahl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Modrich" title="Paul Modrich">Modrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Sancar</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2016: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sauvage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Stoddart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Feringa" title="Bernard Feringa">Feringa</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Dubochet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Frank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson" title="Richard Henderson">Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(kemisti)" title="George Smith (kemisti)">Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Winter</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">Goodenough</a>, <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">Whittingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Yoshino</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Charpentier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Doudna</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">List</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">MacMillan</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Bertozzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morten_Meldal" title="Morten Meldal">Meldal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Bawendi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Brus" title="Louis Brus">Brus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Jekimov" title="Aleksei 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