CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <base href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/"> <script src="//archive.org/includes/athena.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',function(){var v=archive_analytics.values;v.service='wb';v.server_name='wwwb-app200.us.archive.org';v.server_ms=727;archive_analytics.send_pageview({});});</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/","20200617065047","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1592376647"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Our Brands - Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Corporate Site</title> <meta name="title" content="Our Brands - Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Corporate Site"> <meta name="description" content="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Corporate Site"> <meta name="author" content=""> <meta name="Copyright" content="Copyright © Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Corporate Site 2020. All Rights Reserved."> <meta name="google-site-verification" content=""> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/themes/eb-corporate/_fav/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/themes/eb-corporate/_fav/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/themes/eb-corporate/_fav/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/themes/eb-corporate/_fav/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/themes/eb-corporate/_fav/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#024565"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/themes/eb-corporate/_fav/favicon.ico"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Britannica"> <meta name="application-name" content="Britannica"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/themes/eb-corporate/_fav/browserconfig.xml"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="profile" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://corporate.britannica.com/xmlrpc.php"> <meta name="robots" content="max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/"> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:title" content="Our Brands - Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Corporate Site"> <meta property="og:description" content="Our Brands We are the Britannica Group, the original pioneers of knowledge. For over 250 years our enduring reputation for authority has enabled us to serve lifelong learners around the…"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Corporate Site"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-encyclopaedia-britannica.png"> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-encyclopaedia-britannica.png"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Our Brands We are the Britannica Group, the original pioneers of knowledge. For over 250 years our enduring reputation for authority has enabled us to serve lifelong learners around the…"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Our Brands - Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Corporate Site"> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-encyclopaedia-britannica.png"> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph yoast-schema-graph--main">{"@context":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/#website","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/","name":"Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. Corporate Site","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/?s={search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/#primaryimage","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-encyclopaedia-britannica.png","width":500,"height":200},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/#webpage","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/","inLanguage":"en-US","name":"Our Brands - Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc. Corporate Site","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/#primaryimage"},"datePublished":"2012-02-15T19:28:24-06:00","dateModified":"2019-03-12T15:50:55-05:00"}]}</script> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://use.typekit.net/"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://s.w.org/"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Corporate Site » Feed" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/feed/"> <script type="text/javascript"> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200617065047\/https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/12.0.0-1\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200617065047\/https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/12.0.0-1\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200617065047\/https:\/\/corporate.britannica.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=5.4.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(e,a,t){var r,n,o,i,p=a.createElement("canvas"),s=p.getContext&&p.getContext("2d");function c(e,t){var a=String.fromCharCode;s.clearRect(0,0,p.width,p.height),s.fillText(a.apply(this,e),0,0);var r=p.toDataURL();return s.clearRect(0,0,p.width,p.height),s.fillText(a.apply(this,t),0,0),r===p.toDataURL()}function l(e){if(!s||!s.fillText)return!1;switch(s.textBaseline="top",s.font="600 32px Arial",e){case"flag":return!c([127987,65039,8205,9895,65039],[127987,65039,8203,9895,65039])&&(!c([55356,56826,55356,56819],[55356,56826,8203,55356,56819])&&!c([55356,57332,56128,56423,56128,56418,56128,56421,56128,56430,56128,56423,56128,56447],[55356,57332,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56418,8203,56128,56421,8203,56128,56430,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56447]));case"emoji":return!c([55357,56424,55356,57342,8205,55358,56605,8205,55357,56424,55356,57340],[55357,56424,55356,57342,8203,55358,56605,8203,55357,56424,55356,57340])}return!1}function d(e){var t=a.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=t.type="text/javascript",a.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)}for(i=Array("flag","emoji"),t.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},o=0;o<i.length;o++)t.supports[i[o]]=l(i[o]),t.supports.everything=t.supports.everything&&t.supports[i[o]],"flag"!==i[o]&&(t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&t.supports[i[o]]);t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!t.supports.flag,t.DOMReady=!1,t.readyCallback=function(){t.DOMReady=!0},t.supports.everything||(n=function(){t.readyCallback()},a.addEventListener?(a.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n,!1),e.addEventListener("load",n,!1)):(e.attachEvent("onload",n),a.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===a.readyState&&t.readyCallback()})),(r=t.source||{}).concatemoji?d(r.concatemoji):r.wpemoji&&r.twemoji&&(d(r.twemoji),d(r.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style type="text/css"> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 .07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" id="wp-block-library-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047cs_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=5.4.1" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="base-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047cs_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/themes/eb-corporate/_css/base.css" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="google_fonts-css" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200617065047cs_/https://use.typekit.net/wbv0znc.css" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="mmenu-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047cs_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/themes/eb-corporate/_css/jquery.mmenu.css" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="mmenu-position-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047cs_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/themes/eb-corporate/_css/jquery.mmenu.positioning.css" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="mmenu-themes-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047cs_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/themes/eb-corporate/_css/jquery.mmenu.themes.css" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="nav-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047cs_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/themes/eb-corporate/_css/nav.css?ver=1544223795" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="style-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047cs_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/themes/eb-corporate/_css/custom.css?ver=1571950003" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="elementor-icons-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047cs_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/eicons/css/elementor-icons.min.css?ver=5.6.2" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="elementor-animations-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047cs_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/animations/animations.min.css?ver=2.9.8" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="elementor-frontend-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047cs_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/frontend.min.css?ver=2.9.8" type="text/css" media="all"> <style id="elementor-frontend-inline-css" type="text/css"> .elementor-section.elementor-section-boxed > .elementor-container{max-width:1000px;}.ee-tooltip.to--top, .ee-tooltip.to--bottom{transform:translateX(0px);}.ee-tooltip.to--left, .ee-tooltip.to--right{transform:translateY(0px);} .elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6bd17ce{padding:2em 0em 2em 0em;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-916c8c5{text-align:center;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5257408 > .elementor-container{max-width:1150px;text-align:center;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5257408:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5257408 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url("https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-hero.jpg");background-position:center center;background-size:cover;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5257408{transition:background 0.3s, border 0.3s, border-radius 0.3s, box-shadow 0.3s;color:#ffffff;padding:6em 0em 6em 0em;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5257408 > .elementor-background-overlay{transition:background 0.3s, border-radius 0.3s, opacity 0.3s;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5257408 .elementor-heading-title{color:#ffffff;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-1519a77d{padding:2em 0em 2em 0em;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-e656d50{padding:2em 0em 2em 0em;}.ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-1986832.to--top, .ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-1986832.to--bottom{margin-left:0px;}.ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-1986832.to--left, .ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-1986832.to--right{margin-top:0px;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-c2ccee6 .elementor-button{background-color:#024565;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-30aa7f3{padding:2em 0em 2em 0em;}.ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-608d7a2.to--top, .ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-608d7a2.to--bottom{margin-left:0px;}.ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-608d7a2.to--left, .ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-608d7a2.to--right{margin-top:0px;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-487207b .elementor-button{background-color:#024565;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-24efbd1{padding:2em 0em 2em 0em;}.ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-c87f395.to--top, .ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-c87f395.to--bottom{margin-left:0px;}.ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-c87f395.to--left, .ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-c87f395.to--right{margin-top:0px;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-10ba648 .elementor-button{background-color:#024565;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-60155fe{padding:2em 0em 2em 0em;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-11689b0 .elementor-image img{max-width:60%;}.ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-11689b0.to--top, .ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-11689b0.to--bottom{margin-left:0px;}.ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-11689b0.to--left, .ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-11689b0.to--right{margin-top:0px;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-fd3b2ae .elementor-button{background-color:#024565;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-9f47ef5{padding:2em 0em 2em 0em;}.ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-1da45e7.to--top, .ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-1da45e7.to--bottom{margin-left:0px;}.ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-1da45e7.to--left, .ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-1da45e7.to--right{margin-top:0px;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-07fce14 .elementor-button{background-color:#024565;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-78736a3{padding:2em 0em 2em 0em;}.ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-c944acd.to--top, .ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-c944acd.to--bottom{margin-left:0px;}.ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-c944acd.to--left, .ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-c944acd.to--right{margin-top:0px;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5631310 .elementor-button{background-color:#024565;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-b7d948a{padding:2em 0em 2em 0em;}.ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-5b06182.to--top, .ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-5b06182.to--bottom{margin-left:0px;}.ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-5b06182.to--left, .ee-tooltip.ee-tooltip-5b06182.to--right{margin-top:0px;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-a61534c .elementor-button{background-color:#024565;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-066c7c5 .elementor-spacer-inner{height:60px;}@media(min-width:768px){.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-31feb6b{width:30%;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-628e302{width:70%;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-38a90f6{width:30%;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f3326f6{width:70%;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-84f3c61{width:30%;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-0f594d6{width:70%;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-04b9de0{width:30%;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-613b978{width:70%;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-fe37eea{width:30%;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-f2b899c{width:70%;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-b43adb3{width:30%;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-30feea3{width:70%;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4bfc00c{width:30%;}.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-e0fb42c{width:70%;}}/* Start custom CSS for heading, class: .elementor-element-916c8c5 */.elementor-102 .elementor-element.elementor-element-916c8c5 h1 { font-size: 3.25em !important; }/* End custom CSS */ </style> <link rel="stylesheet" id="elementor-pro-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047cs_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/frontend.min.css?ver=2.9.4" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="font-awesome-5-all-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047cs_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/all.min.css?ver=2.9.8" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="font-awesome-4-shim-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047cs_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/v4-shims.min.css?ver=2.9.8" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="namogo-icons-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047cs_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-extras/assets/lib/nicons/css/nicons.css?ver=2.2.29" type="text/css" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="elementor-extras-frontend-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047cs_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-extras/assets/css/frontend.min.css?ver=2.2.29" type="text/css" media="all"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047js_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.js?ver=1.12.4-wp"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047js_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=1.4.1"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047js_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/js/v4-shims.min.js?ver=2.9.8"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-json/"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://corporate.britannica.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd"> <link rel="wlwmanifest" type="application/wlwmanifest+xml" href="https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-includes/wlwmanifest.xml"> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/?p=102"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcorporate.britannica.com%2Fbrands%2F"> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcorporate.britannica.com%2Fbrands%2F&format=xml"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-By" content="Google"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-To" content="en"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.1_qyHg0XphE.O/am=DAY/d=1/rs=AN8SPfo_O3MiUOHLzIFK2FbMzbiipwQcbg/m=corsproxy" data-sourceurl="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/"></script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.1_qyHg0XphE.O/am=DAY/d=1/exm=corsproxy/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfo_O3MiUOHLzIFK2FbMzbiipwQcbg/m=phishing_protection" data-phishing-protection-enabled="false" data-forms-warning-enabled="true" data-source-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/"></script> <meta name="robots" content="none"> </head> <body class="page-template-default page page-id-102 page-parent page-brands elementor-default elementor-kit-11689 elementor-page elementor-page-102"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.1_qyHg0XphE.O/am=DAY/d=1/exm=corsproxy,phishing_protection/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfo_O3MiUOHLzIFK2FbMzbiipwQcbg/m=navigationui" data-environment="prod" data-proxy-url="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog" data-proxy-full-url="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-source-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/" data-source-language="auto" data-target-language="en" data-display-language="en-GB" data-detected-source-language="en" data-is-source-untranslated="false" data-source-untranslated-url="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/&anno=2" data-client="tr"></script> <script>__wm.rw(0);</script> <div id="wm-ipp-base" lang="en" style="display:none;direction:ltr;"> <div id="wm-ipp" style="position:fixed;left:0;top:0;right:0;"> <div id="donato" style="position:relative;width:100%;"> <div id="donato-base"><iframe id="donato-if" src="https://archive.org/includes/donate.php?as_page=1&platform=wb&referer=https%3A//web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https%3A//corporate.britannica.com/brands/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width:100%; height:100%"> </iframe> </div> </div> <div id="wm-ipp-inside"> <div id="wm-toolbar" style="position:relative;display:flex;flex-flow:row nowrap;justify-content:space-between;"> <div id="wm-logo" style="/*width:110px;*/padding-top:12px;"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine home page"><img src="/_static/images/toolbar/wayback-toolbar-logo-200.png" srcset="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/_static/images/toolbar/wayback-toolbar-logo-100.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB,https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/_static/images/toolbar/wayback-toolbar-logo-150.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 1.5x,https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/_static/images/toolbar/wayback-toolbar-logo-200.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 2x" alt="Wayback Machine" style="width:100px" border="0"></a> </div> <div class="c" style="display:flex;flex-flow:column nowrap;justify-content:space-between;flex:1;"> <form class="u" style="display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;" target="_top" method="get" action="/web/submit" name="wmtb" id="wmtb"> <input type="text" name="url" id="wmtbURL" value="https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/" onfocus="this.focus();this.select();" style="flex:1;"><input type="hidden" name="type" value="replay"><input type="hidden" name="date" value="20200617065047"><input type="submit" value="Go"> </form> <div style="display:flex;flex-flow:row nowrap;align-items:flex-end;"> <div class="s" id="wm-nav-captures" style="flex:1;"><a class="t" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047*/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="See a list of every capture for this URL">44 captures</a> <div class="r" title="Timespan for captures of this URL"> 20 Jun 2019 - 25 May 2024 </div> </div> <div class="k"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" id="wm-graph-anchor"> <div id="wm-ipp-sparkline" title="Explore captures for this URL" style="position: relative"> <canvas id="wm-sparkline-canvas" width="725" height="27" border="0"></canvas> </div></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="n"> <table> <tbody> <tr class="m"> <td class="b" nowrap><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20190620131156/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20 Jun 2019"><strong>Jun</strong></a></td> <td class="c" id="displayMonthEl" title="You are here: 06:50:47 Jun 17, 2020">JUN</td> <td class="f" nowrap><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200731190057/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="31 Jul 2020"><strong>Jul</strong></a></td> </tr> <tr class="d"> <td class="b" nowrap><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20190620131156/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="13:11:56 Jun 20, 2019"><img src="/_static/images/toolbar/wm_tb_prv_on.png" alt="Previous capture" width="14" height="16" border="0"></a></td> <td class="c" id="displayDayEl" style="width:34px;font-size:22px;white-space:nowrap;" title="You are here: 06:50:47 Jun 17, 2020">17</td> <td class="f" nowrap><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200709093321/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="09:33:21 Jul 09, 2020"><img src="/_static/images/toolbar/wm_tb_nxt_on.png" alt="Next capture" width="14" height="16" border="0"></a></td> </tr> <tr class="y"> <td class="b" nowrap>2019</td> <td class="c" id="displayYearEl" title="You are here: 06:50:47 Jun 17, 2020">2020</td> <td class="f" nowrap><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20210617180346/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17 Jun 2021"><strong>2021</strong></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="r" style="display:flex;flex-flow:column nowrap;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:space-between;"> <div id="wm-btns" style="text-align:right;height:23px;"><span class="xxs"> <div id="wm-save-snapshot-success"> success </div> <div id="wm-save-snapshot-fail"> fail </div><a id="wm-save-snapshot-open" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#" title="Share via My Web Archive"> <span class="iconochive-web"></span> </a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/account/login.php" title="Sign In" id="wm-sign-in"> <span class="iconochive-person"></span> </a> <span id="wm-save-snapshot-in-progress" class="iconochive-web"></span> </span> <a class="xxs" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://faq.web.archive.org/" title="Get some help using the Wayback Machine" style="top:-6px;"><span class="iconochive-question" style="color:rgb(87,186,244);font-size:160%;"></span></a> <a id="wm-tb-close" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#close" style="top:-2px;" title="Close the toolbar"><span class="iconochive-remove-circle" style="color:#888888;font-size:240%;"></span></a> </div> <div id="wm-share" class="xxs"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" id="wm-screenshot" title="screenshot"> <span class="wm-icon-screen-shot"></span> </a> <a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#" id="wm-video" title="video"> <span class="iconochive-movies"></span> </a> <a id="wm-share-facebook" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#" data-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/" title="Share on Facebook" style="margin-right:5px;" target="_blank"><span class="iconochive-facebook" style="color:#3b5998;font-size:160%;"></span></a> <a id="wm-share-twitter" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#" data-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/" title="Share on Twitter" style="margin-right:5px;" target="_blank"><span class="iconochive-twitter" style="color:#1dcaff;font-size:160%;"></span></a> </div> <div style="padding-right:2px;text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;"><a id="wm-expand" class="wm-btn wm-closed" href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#expand"><span id="wm-expand-icon" class="iconochive-down-solid"></span> <span class="xxs" style="font-size:80%;">About this capture</span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="wm-capinfo" style="border-top:1px solid #777;display:none; overflow: hidden"> <div id="wm-capinfo-notice" source="api"></div> <div id="wm-capinfo-collected-by"> <div style="background-color:#666;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;text-align:center"> COLLECTED BY </div> <div style="padding:3px;position:relative" id="wm-collected-by-content"> <div style="display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;width:49%;"><span class="c-logo" style="background-image:url(https://archive.org/services/img/GDELT_Project)"></span> <div> Collection: <a style="color:#33f;" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/GDELT_Project" target="_new"><span class="wm-title">GDELT Project</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="wm-capinfo-timestamps"> <div style="background-color:#666;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;text-align:center" title="Timestamps for the elements of this page"> TIMESTAMPS </div> <div> <div id="wm-capresources" style="margin:0 5px 5px 5px;max-height:250px;overflow-y:scroll !important"></div> <div id="wm-capresources-loading" style="text-align:left;margin:0 20px 5px 5px;display:none"> <img src="/_static/images/loading.gif" alt="loading"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="wm-ipp-print"> The Wayback Machine - https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/ </div> <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ __wm.bt(725,27,25,2,"web","https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/","20200617065047",1996,"/_static/",["/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt","/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv"], false); __wm.rw(1); //]]></script> <div id="sidenav" class="sidenav none"> <ul> <li id="menu-item-9012" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-9012"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/250-anniversary/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">250th Anniversary</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-9016" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9016"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/250-anniversary/timeline/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Timeline</a></li> </ul></li> <li id="menu-item-9419" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-9419"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/initiatives/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Our Initiatives</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-10895" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10895"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/initiatives/saving-earth-2019/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Saving Earth 2019</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10896" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10896"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/initiatives/space-knowledge-center/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">SpaceNext50-Center</a></li> </ul></li> <li id="menu-item-8865" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8865"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/who-we-serve/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Who We Serve</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8961" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-102 current_page_item menu-item-has-children menu-item-8961"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" aria-current="page">Our Brands</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-9412" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9412"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/encyclopaedia-britannica/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9413" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9413"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/encyclopaedia-britannica-kids/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Encyclopædia Britannica Kids</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9414" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9414"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/britannica-digital-learning/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Britannica Digital Learning</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9415" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9415"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/merriam-webster/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Merriam-Webster</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9416" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9416"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/angie-and-tony/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Angie & Tony</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9417" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9417"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/melingo/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Melingo</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9418" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9418"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/britannica-knowledge-systems/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Britannica Knowledge Systems</a></li> </ul></li> <li id="menu-item-10790" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-10790"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/britannica-knowledge-experts/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Our Partners & Experts</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-10791" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-experts menu-item-10791"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/knowledge-experts/become-a-britannica-knowledge-expert/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Become a Partner or Expert</a></li> </ul></li> <li id="menu-item-8867" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8867"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/about/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">About Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9421" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9421"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/team/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Our Team</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9020" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type_archive menu-item-object-press-release menu-item-9020"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/press-releases/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Press</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10741" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10741"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/news/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9015" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9015"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/contact/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Contact Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10351" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10351"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/advertise/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Advertise</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="sidenav-wrapper"> <header class="header clear"> <div class="container-full"> <div class="row"> <div class="header-logo col-6 col-3-m no-padding flex flex-middle"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Corporate Site" rel="home" class="trigger-logo"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/themes/eb-corporate/_img/logo.png" alt="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Corporate Site"> </a> </div> <nav class="header-nav col-6 col-9-m no-padding flex flex-end flex-middle block-m" role="navigation"> <div class="header-navutil none flex-m flex-column-m"> <ul id="menu-utility-1" class="list-inlineblock"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8867"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/about/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">About Us</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9421"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/team/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Our Team</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type_archive menu-item-object-press-release menu-item-9020"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/press-releases/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Press</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10741"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/news/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">News</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9015"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/contact/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10351"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/advertise/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Advertise</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="header-navmain none flex-m flex-column-m none"> <ul id="menu-main-1" class="list-inlineblock"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-9012"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/250-anniversary/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">250th Anniversary</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9016"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/250-anniversary/timeline/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Timeline</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-9419"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/initiatives/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Our Initiatives</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10895"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/initiatives/saving-earth-2019/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Saving Earth 2019</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10896"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/initiatives/space-knowledge-center/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">SpaceNext50-Center</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8865"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/who-we-serve/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Who We Serve</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-102 current_page_item menu-item-has-children menu-item-8961"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" aria-current="page">Our Brands</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9412"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/encyclopaedia-britannica/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9413"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/encyclopaedia-britannica-kids/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Encyclopædia Britannica Kids</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9414"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/britannica-digital-learning/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Britannica Digital Learning</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9415"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/merriam-webster/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Merriam-Webster</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9416"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/angie-and-tony/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Angie & Tony</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9417"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/melingo/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Melingo</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9418"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/britannica-knowledge-systems/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Britannica Knowledge Systems</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-10790"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/britannica-knowledge-experts/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Our Partners & Experts</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-experts menu-item-10791"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/knowledge-experts/become-a-britannica-knowledge-expert/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Become a Partner or Expert</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> <div class="header-search"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#search" class="js-toggle-search trigger trigger-search icon icon-search"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/themes/eb-corporate/_img/icon-search.png"> <span class="icon-label sr">Search</span> </a> <form role="search" method="get" id="searchform" class="search-form is-active" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#" class="js-toggle-search trigger trigger-close icon icon-close"> <span></span> <div class="icon-label sr"> Close Search </div></a> <label class="" for="s">Search:</label> <input type="text" value="" name="s" id="s"> <button type="submit" id="searchsubmit"><span class="">Submit</span></button> </form> </div><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#sidenav" class="trigger-sidenav inline-block none-m"> <span class="icon-symbol icon-menu"><span></span></span> <span class="icon-label">Menu</span> </a> </nav> </div> </div> </header> <main class="main clear"> <div class="container"> <div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="102" class="elementor elementor-102 elementor-bc-flex-widget" data-elementor-settings="[]"> <div class="elementor-inner"> <div class="elementor-section-wrap"> <section class="elementor-element elementor-element-6bd17ce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section" data-id="6bd17ce" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4afee90 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column" data-id="4afee90" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-916c8c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="916c8c5" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl">Our Brands</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-element elementor-element-5257408 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section" data-id="5257408" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"stretch_section":"section-stretched","background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-475800a elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column" data-id="475800a" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-element elementor-element-1519a77d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section" data-id="1519a77d" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-37bee9b8 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column" data-id="37bee9b8" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6a6797af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="6a6797af" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"> <p>We are the Britannica Group, the original pioneers of knowledge. For over 250 years our enduring reputation for authority has enabled us to serve lifelong learners around the globe. </p> <p>We harness the evolving power of technology to bring information to life and create interactive and immersive learning experiences that foster discovery. </p> <p>We are proud to be the curators of transformative knowledge. Our own curiosities and our thirst to never stop questioning are why we will continue to be the sought-after credible authority of the time</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-element elementor-element-c56e710 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section" data-id="c56e710" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-276be3a elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column" data-id="276be3a" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-de5c981 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="de5c981" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl">All Brands</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-element elementor-element-e656d50 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section" data-id="e656d50" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-31feb6b elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column" data-id="31feb6b" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1986832 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="1986832" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"><img width="500" height="200" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-encyclopaedia-britannica.png" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="" srcset="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-encyclopaedia-britannica.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 500w,https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-encyclopaedia-britannica-300x120.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-628e302 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column" data-id="628e302" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f4a745a text-smallest elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="f4a745a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"> <h3>Britannica</h3> <p>Since our founding in 1768, in Edinburgh, Scotland, by two entrepreneurs and an editor, Encyclopædia Britannica has been synonymous with reliable and trustworthy information. Over the years our reputation grew as the greatest minds of each generation contributed work to subsequent editions. Today, it is the pivotal hub of knowledge, celebrating students and lifelong learners in 80 languages across 83 countries and reaching more than 20 Million unique visitors monthly.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c2ccee6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="c2ccee6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/encyclopaedia-britannica/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-sm" role="button"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">Learn More</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-element elementor-element-30aa7f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section" data-id="30aa7f3" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-38a90f6 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column" data-id="38a90f6" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-608d7a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="608d7a2" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"><img width="500" height="84" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-britannica-kids.png" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="" srcset="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-britannica-kids.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 500w,https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-britannica-kids-300x50.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f3326f6 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column" data-id="f3326f6" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a7fae21 text-smallest elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="a7fae21" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"> <h3>Britannica Kids</h3> <p>Britannica Kids is a premium trustworthy resource for grades preK through 12 that nourishes the desire for knowledge by covering everything from math and the sciences to arts, history, geography, and more, all in a safe and secure environment.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-487207b elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="487207b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/encyclopaedia-britannica-kids/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-sm" role="button"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">Learn More</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-element elementor-element-24efbd1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section" data-id="24efbd1" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-84f3c61 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column" data-id="84f3c61" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c87f395 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="c87f395" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"><img width="500" height="176" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-bdl.png" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="" srcset="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-bdl.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 500w,https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-bdl-300x106.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-0f594d6 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column" data-id="0f594d6" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-06b7067 text-smallest elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="06b7067" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"> <h3>Britannica Digital Learning</h3> <p>Britannica Digital Learning provides digital learning tools to schools and libraries around the globe to meet the personalized needs of teachers, students, and classrooms today.  Our suite of products is built around curriculum, with robust features that adjust to the level of the student.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-10ba648 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="10ba648" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/britannica-digital-learning/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-sm" role="button"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">Learn More</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-element elementor-element-60155fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section" data-id="60155fe" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-04b9de0 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column" data-id="04b9de0" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-11689b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="11689b0" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"><img width="500" height="500" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-merriam-webster.png" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="" srcset="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-merriam-webster.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 500w,https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-merriam-webster-150x150.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 150w,https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-merriam-webster-300x300.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-613b978 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column" data-id="613b978" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b3b3d4a text-smallest elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="b3b3d4a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"> <h3>Merriam-Webster</h3> <p>Merriam-Webster has been America’s leading and most-trusted provider of language information for nearly 200 years. Each month, our websites offer guidance to more than 40 Million unique visitors.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fd3b2ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="fd3b2ae" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/merriam-webster/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-sm" role="button"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">Learn More</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-element elementor-element-9f47ef5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section" data-id="9f47ef5" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fe37eea elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column" data-id="fe37eea" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1da45e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="1da45e7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"><img width="500" height="277" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-melingo.png" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="" srcset="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-melingo.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 500w,https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-melingo-300x166.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f2b899c elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column" data-id="f2b899c" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-35a14b3 text-smallest elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="35a14b3" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"> <h3>Melingo</h3> <p>Melingo is a leader in the computerized processing of Semitic languages. The company specializes in products and services based on natural-language processing of Hebrew and Arabic, including network-based dictionaries and language-search products.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-07fce14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="07fce14" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/melingo/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-sm" role="button"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">Learn More</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-element elementor-element-78736a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section" data-id="78736a3" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b43adb3 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column" data-id="b43adb3" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c944acd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="c944acd" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"><img width="500" height="188" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-bks.png" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="" srcset="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-bks.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 500w,https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-bks-300x113.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-30feea3 elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column" data-id="30feea3" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c802aa3 text-smallest elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="c802aa3" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"> <h3>Britannica Knowledge Systems</h3> <p>Britannica Knowledge Systems (BKS) is a leading provider of training, operation, and readiness-management solutions covering the full spectrum of decision-support and optimization needs of defense forces, homeland security units, and first-responder organizations in the civil sector.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5631310 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="5631310" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/britannica-knowledge-systems/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-sm" role="button"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">Learn More</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-element elementor-element-b7d948a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section" data-id="b7d948a" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4bfc00c elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column" data-id="4bfc00c" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5b06182 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="5b06182" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-image"><img width="500" height="236" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-angie-tony.png" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="" srcset="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-angie-tony.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 500w,https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/brand-angie-tony-300x142.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 300w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e0fb42c elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column" data-id="e0fb42c" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e74e873 text-smallest elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="e74e873" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix"> <h3>Angie & Tony</h3> <p>English, the second most-popular language spoken around the globe, is being studied by more and more people around the world. Angie and Tony (A&T) was developed by Britannica Japan specifically to assist students and their parents learn English as a second language as a family.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a61534c elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="a61534c" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/angie-and-tony/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-sm" role="button"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">Learn More</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-element elementor-element-359cce7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-section elementor-top-section" data-id="359cce7" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-row"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a527034 elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column" data-id="a527034" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-066c7c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer" data-id="066c7c5" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="spacer.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-spacer"> <div class="elementor-spacer-inner"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="footer clear"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <nav class="footer-nav col-12"> <ul id="menu-footer" class="list-block list-disable"> <li id="menu-item-8869" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-8869"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">Our Sites</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-8870" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8870"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/http://www.britannica.com/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Britannica.com</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8871" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8871"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/http://kids.britannica.com/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Britannica Kids</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8872" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8872"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://britannicalearn.com/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">School & Library Products</a></li> <li id="menu-item-11001" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11001"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/lumielabs/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Lumielabs</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8879" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8879"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://www.merriam-webster.com/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Merriam-Webster</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8880" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8880"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://store.britannica.com/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Britannica Store (Consumers)</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8881" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8881"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://shop.eb.com/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Britannica Store (Institutions)</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8882" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8882"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/http://advocacy.britannica.com/blog/advocacy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Advocacy for Animals</a></li> </ul></li> <li id="menu-item-8883" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-8883"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">International</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-8884" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8884"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://elearn.eb.com/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Australia</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8885" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8885"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/http://www.britannica.com.br/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Brazil</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8886" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8886"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/http://www.china.eb.com/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">China</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8887" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8887"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/http://www.britannica.co.jp/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Japan</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8888" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8888"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/http://www.britannica.es/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Latin America</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8889" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8889"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/http://www.britannica.co.uk/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">United Kingdom</a></li> </ul></li> <li id="menu-item-8890" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-8890"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">Mobile</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-8891" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8891"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/id447919187?mt=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">iPhone App</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8892" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8892"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/id447919187?mt=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">iPad App</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8893" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8893"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/http://corporate.britannica.com/apps/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Britannica Kids Apps</a></li> </ul></li> <li id="menu-item-8894" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-8894"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">About</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-8895" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-8895"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Company</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9621" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9621"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/team/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Our Team</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8899" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8899"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/contact/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Contact</a></li> </ul></li> <li id="menu-item-8900" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-8900"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">Stay Connected</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-8901" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8901"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/http://www.facebook.com/britannica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Facebook</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8902" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8902"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/http://www.twitter.com/britannica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Twitter</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8903" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8903"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/http://www.youtube.com/britannica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">YouTube</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8904" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8904"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://safe.britannica.com/customer/mailinglist/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Newsletters</a></li> </ul></li> <li id="menu-item-8905" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-8905"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/brands/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#">Partner with Us</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-10655" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10655"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/britannica-knowledge-experts/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Experts</a></li> <li id="menu-item-10654" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10654"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/advertise/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Advertise</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="container pad-top-40 flex flex-bottom"> <div class="row"> <div class="footer-legal col-12"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Corporate Site" rel="home"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047im_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/themes/eb-corporate/_img/footer-logo.png" alt="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Corporate Site"> </a> <small> <ul id="menu-corporate" class="list-inlineblock"> <li id="menu-item-319" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-319"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/privacy.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-320" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-320"><a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/termsofuse.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Terms of Use</a></li> </ul> Copyright 2020 <a href="https://web-archive-org.translate.goog/web/20200617065047/https://corporate.britannica.com/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Corporate Site</a>. All rights reserved.</small> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047js_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/themes/eb-corporate/_js/jquery.mmenu.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047js_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/themes/eb-corporate/_js/functions.js?ver=1544413409"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047js_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min.js?ver=5.4.1"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047js_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/frontend-modules.min.js?ver=2.9.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047js_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/lib/sticky/jquery.sticky.min.js?ver=2.9.4"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var ElementorProFrontendConfig = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200617065047\/https:\/\/corporate.britannica.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"a734b3343f","i18n":{"toc_no_headings_found":"No headings were found on this page."},"shareButtonsNetworks":{"facebook":{"title":"Facebook","has_counter":true},"twitter":{"title":"Twitter"},"google":{"title":"Google+","has_counter":true},"linkedin":{"title":"LinkedIn","has_counter":true},"pinterest":{"title":"Pinterest","has_counter":true},"reddit":{"title":"Reddit","has_counter":true},"vk":{"title":"VK","has_counter":true},"odnoklassniki":{"title":"OK","has_counter":true},"tumblr":{"title":"Tumblr"},"delicious":{"title":"Delicious"},"digg":{"title":"Digg"},"skype":{"title":"Skype"},"stumbleupon":{"title":"StumbleUpon","has_counter":true},"mix":{"title":"Mix"},"telegram":{"title":"Telegram"},"pocket":{"title":"Pocket","has_counter":true},"xing":{"title":"XING","has_counter":true},"whatsapp":{"title":"WhatsApp"},"email":{"title":"Email"},"print":{"title":"Print"}},"facebook_sdk":{"lang":"en_US","app_id":""}}; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047js_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=2.9.4"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047js_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/position.min.js?ver=1.11.4"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047js_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/dialog/dialog.min.js?ver=4.7.6"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047js_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/waypoints/waypoints.min.js?ver=4.0.2"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047js_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/swiper/swiper.min.js?ver=5.3.6"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047js_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/share-link/share-link.min.js?ver=2.9.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var elementorFrontendConfig = {"environmentMode":{"edit":false,"wpPreview":false},"i18n":{"shareOnFacebook":"Share on Facebook","shareOnTwitter":"Share on Twitter","pinIt":"Pin it","downloadImage":"Download image"},"is_rtl":false,"breakpoints":{"xs":0,"sm":480,"md":768,"lg":1025,"xl":1440,"xxl":1600},"version":"2.9.8","urls":{"assets":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200617065047\/https:\/\/corporate.britannica.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor\/assets\/"},"settings":{"page":[],"general":{"elementor_global_image_lightbox":"yes","elementor_lightbox_enable_counter":"yes","elementor_lightbox_enable_fullscreen":"yes","elementor_lightbox_enable_zoom":"yes","elementor_lightbox_enable_share":"yes","elementor_lightbox_title_src":"title","elementor_lightbox_description_src":"description"},"editorPreferences":[],"extras":{"ee_tooltips_position":"bottom","ee_tooltips_delay_in":{"unit":"px","size":0,"sizes":[]},"ee_tooltips_delay_out":{"unit":"px","size":0,"sizes":[]},"ee_tooltips_duration":{"unit":"px","size":0.2,"sizes":[]}}},"post":{"id":102,"title":"Our%20Brands%20-%20Encyclop%C3%A6dia%20Britannica%2C%20Inc.%20Corporate%20Site","excerpt":"","featuredImage":false}}; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047js_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=2.9.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//web.archive.org/web/20200617065047js_/https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/gsap/2.1.3/TweenMax.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var elementorExtrasFrontendConfig = {"urls":{"assets":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200617065047\/https:\/\/corporate.britannica.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor-extras\/assets\/"},"refreshableWidgets":["ee-offcanvas.classic","ee-popup.classic","gallery-slider.default","media-carousel.default","image-carousel.default","slides.default"]}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047js_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-extras/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=2.2.29"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047js_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-extras/assets/lib/parallax-gallery/parallax-gallery.min.js?ver=1.0.0"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617065047js_/https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-extras/assets/lib/hotips/hotips.min.js?ver=1.1.0"></script> </div> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('en', 'en', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&hl=en-GB&client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>