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easy-breadcrumb_segment-2">Evolution</a></li> <li><span class="easy-breadcrumb_segment easy-breadcrumb_segment-title" itemprop="title">Divergence</span></li> </ul> </div></div></div></div><h1 class="campl-page-title">Darwin Correspondence Project</h1></div></div></div></div><div class="campl-row campl-page-header"><div class="campl-wrap"><div class="region region-horizontal-navigation"><div id="block-menu-block-1" class="block block-menu-block"> <div> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-1 menu-name-main-menu parent-mlid-0 menu-level-1"> <div class="campl-wrap clearfix campl-local-navigation"> <div class="campl-local-navigation-container"> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list"> <li class="first leaf menu-mlid-198"><a href="/">Home</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-2309"><a href="../../about-darwin">About Darwin</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-2309"><a href="../../about-darwin">About Darwin overview</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-869"><a href="../../people/about-darwin/family-life">Family life</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-869"><a href="../../people/about-darwin/family-life">Family life overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1125"><a href="../../people/about-darwin/family-life/darwin-childhood">Darwin on childhood</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1038"><a href="../../tags/about-darwin/family-life/darwin-marriage">Darwin on marriage</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1258"><a href="../../people/about-darwin/family-life/darwin-s-observations-his-children">Darwin's observations on his children</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2295"><a href="../../people/about-darwin/family-life/darwin-and-fatherhood">Darwin and fatherhood</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1039"><a href="../../people/about-darwin/family-life/death-anne-elizabeth-darwin">The death of Annie Darwin</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1051"><a href="../../people/about-darwin/family-life/visiting-darwins">Visiting the Darwins</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3416"><a href="../voyage-hms-beagle" title="">Voyage of HMS Beagle</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-1035"><a href="../../people/about-darwin/what-darwin-read">What Darwin read</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-1035"><a href="../../people/about-darwin/what-darwin-read">What Darwin read overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1130"><a href="../../people/about-darwin/what-darwin-read/darwin-s-student-booklist">Darwin's student booklist</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-933"><a href="../../people/about-darwin/what-darwin-read/books-beagle">Books on the Beagle</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1036"><a href="../../people/about-darwin/what-darwin-read/darwin-s-reading-notebooks">Darwin's reading notebooks</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-1059"><a href="../../about-darwin/origin-species">On the Origin of Species</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-1059"><a href="../../about-darwin/origin-species">On the Origin of Species overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1060"><a href="../../people/about-darwin/origin-species/writing-origin">The writing of "Origin"</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1084"><a href="../../people/about-darwin/origin-species/abstract-darwin-s-theory">Abstract of Darwin's theory</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1093"><a href="../../people/about-darwin/origin-species/alfred-russel-wallace-s-essay-varieties">Alfred Russel Wallace's essay on varieties</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1094"><a href="../../charles-darwin-and-his-publisher">Charles Darwin and his publisher</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1147"><a href="../../people/about-darwin/origin-species/review-origin-species">Review: The Origin of Species</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1126"><a href="../../people/about-darwin/darwins-health">Darwin's health</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first last leaf menu-mlid-2917"><a href="../../tags/darwin/darwin-on-his-health">Darwin's notes for his physician, 1865</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1128"><a href="../../about-darwin/darwin-s-photographic-portraits">Darwin's photographic portraits</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2896"><a href="../../have-you-read-one-about">Have you read the one about....</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-2654"><a href="../../people/about-darwin/six-things-darwin-never-said">Six things Darwin never said - and one he did</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-2654"><a href="../../people/about-darwin/six-things-darwin-never-said">Six things Darwin never said - and one he did overview</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-2892"><a href="../../people/about-darwin/six-things-darwin-never-said/evolution-misquotation">The evolution of a misquotation</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-3673"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue">Portraits of Charles Darwin: a catalogue</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-3673"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue">Portraits of Charles Darwin: a catalogue overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3676"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/11-ellen-sharples-pastel">1.1 Ellen Sharples pastel</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3709"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/12-george-richmond-marriage-portrait">1.2 George Richmond, marriage portrait</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3718"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/13-thomas-herbert-maguire-lithograph">1.3 Thomas Herbert Maguire, lithograph</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3721"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/14-samuel-laurence-drawing-1">1.4 Samuel Laurence drawing 1</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3724"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/15-samuel-laurence-drawing-2">1.5 Samuel Laurence drawing 2</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3727"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/16-ouless-oil-portrait">1.6 Ouless oil portrait</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3730"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/17-ouless-replica">1.7 Ouless replica</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3733"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/18-anonymous-drawing-after-ouless">1.8 anonymous drawing, after Ouless</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3736"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/19-rajon-etching-after-ouless">1.9 Rajon, etching after Ouless</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3679"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/110-rajon-etching-variant-state">1.10 Rajon etching, variant state</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3682"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/111-laura-russell-oil">1.11 Laura Russell, oil</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3685"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/112-marian-huxley-drawing">1.12 Marian Huxley, drawing</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3688"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/113-louisa-nash-drawing">1.13 Louisa Nash, drawing</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3691"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/114-william-richmond-oil">1.14 William Richmond, oil</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3694"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/115-albert-goodwin-watercolour">1.15 Albert Goodwin, watercolour</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3697"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/116-alphonse-legros-drypoint">1.16 Alphonse Legros, drypoint</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3700"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/117-alphonse-legros-drawing">1.17 Alphonse Legros drawing</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3703"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/118-john-collier-oil-linnean">1.18 John Collier, oil in Linnean</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3706"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/119-john-collier-oil-npg">1.19 John Collier, oil in NPG</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3712"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/120-leopold-flameng-etching-after-collier">1.20 Leopold Flameng etching, after Collier</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3715"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/121-window-christs-college-cambridge">1.21 window at Christ's College Cambridge</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3739"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/21-thomas-woolner-bust">2.1 Thomas Woolner bust</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3772"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/22-thomas-woolner-metal-plaque">2.2 Thomas Woolner metal plaque</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3802"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/23-wedgwood-medallions">2.3 Wedgwood medallions</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3805"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/24-wedgwood-plaque">2.4 Wedgwood plaque</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3808"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/25-wedgwood-medallions-2nd-type">2.5 Wedgwood medallions, 2nd type</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3811"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/26-adolf-von-hildebrand-bust">2.6 Adolf von Hildebrand bust</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3814"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/27-joseph-moore-midland-union-medal">2.7 Joseph Moore, Midland Union medal</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3817"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/28-alphonse-legros-medallion">2.8 Alphonse Legros medallion</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3820"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/29-legros-medallion-plaster-model">2.9 Legros medallion, plaster model</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3742"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/210-moritz-klinkicht-print-legros">2.10 Moritz Klinkicht, print from Legros</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3745"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/211-christian-lehr-plaster-bust">2.11 Christian Lehr, plaster bust</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3748"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/212-allan-wyon-royal-society-medal">2.12 Allan Wyon, Royal Society medal</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3751"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/213-edgar-boehm-statue-nhm">2.13 Edgar Boehm, statue in the NHM</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3754"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/214-boehm-westminster-abbey-roundel">2.14 Boehm, Westminster Abbey roundel</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3757"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/215-boehm-terracotta-bust-npg">2.15 Boehm terracotta bust (NPG)</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3760"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/216-horace-montford-statue-shrewsbury">2.16 Horace Montford statue, Shrewsbury</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3763"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/217-montford-statuette">2.17 Montford, statuette</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3766"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/218-montford-carnegie-bust">2.18 Montford, Carnegie bust</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3769"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/219-montford-bust-royal-society">2.19 Montford, bust at the Royal Society</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3775"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/220-montford-terracotta-bust-npg">2.20 Montford, terracotta bust, NPG</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3778"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/221-montford-relief-christs-college">2.21 Montford, relief at Christ's College</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3781"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/222-l-j-chavalliaud-statue-liverpool">2.22 L.-J. Chavalliaud statue in Liverpool</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3784"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/223-hope-pinker-statue-oxford-museum">2.23 Hope Pinker statue, Oxford Museum</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3787"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/224-herbert-hampton-statue-lancaster">2.24 Herbert Hampton statue, Lancaster</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3790"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/225-henry-pegram-statue-birmingham">2.25 Henry Pegram statue, Birmingham</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3793"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/226-linnean-society-medal">2.26 Linnean Society medal</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3796"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/227-william-couper-bust-new-york">2.27 William Couper bust, New York</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3799"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/228-couper-bust-cambridge">2.28 Couper bust in Cambridge</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3823"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/31-antoine-claudet-daguerreotype">3.1 Antoine Claudet, daguerreotype</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3856"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/32-maull-and-polyblank-photo-1">3.2 Maull and Polyblank photo 1</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3865"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/33-maull-and-polyblank-photo-2">3.3 Maull and Polyblank photo 2</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3868"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/34-william-darwin-photo-1">3.4 William Darwin, photo 1</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3871"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/35-william-darwin-photo-2">3.5 William Darwin, photo 2</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3874"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/36-william-darwin-photo-3">3.6 William Darwin, photo 3</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3877"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/37-leonard-darwin-photo-verandah">3.7 Leonard Darwin, photo on verandah</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3880"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/38-leonard-darwin-interior-photo">3.8 Leonard Darwin, interior photo</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3883"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/39-leonard-darwin-photo-horseback">3.9 Leonard Darwin, photo on horseback</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3826"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/310-ernest-edwards-men-eminence">3.10 Ernest Edwards, 'Men of Eminence'</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3829"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/311-edwards-illustrated-london-news">3.11 Edwards, in Illustrated London News</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3832"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/312-edwards-second-group-photos">3.12 Edwards, second group of photos</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3835"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/313-edwards-representative-men">3.13 Edwards 'Representative Men'</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3838"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/314-julia-margaret-cameron-photos">3.14 Julia Margaret Cameron, photos</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3841"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/315-george-charles-wallich-photo">3.15 George Charles Wallich, photo</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3844"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/316-oscar-rejlander-photos">3.16 Oscar Rejlander, photos</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3847"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/317-lock-and-whitfield-men-mark">3.17 Lock and Whitfield, 'Men of Mark'</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3850"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/318-elliott-and-fry-photos-c1869-1871">3.18 Elliott and Fry photos, c.1869-1871</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3853"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/319-elliott-and-fry-photos-c1880-1">3.19 Elliott and Fry photos c.1880-1</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3859"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/320-elliott-and-fry-c1880-1-verandah">3.20 Elliott and Fry, c.1880-1, verandah</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3862"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/321-herbert-rose-barraud-photos">3.21 Herbert Rose Barraud, photos</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3886"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/41-albert-way-comic-drawings">4.1 Albert Way, comic drawings</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3919"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/42-augustus-earle-caricature-drawing">4.2 Augustus Earle, caricature drawing</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3952"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/43-alfred-crowquill-caricature">4.3 Alfred Crowquill, caricature</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3985"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/44-thomas-huxley-caricature-sketch">4.4 Thomas Huxley, caricature sketch</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4018"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/45-william-beard-comic-painting">4.5 William Beard, comic painting</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4051"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/46-thomas-nast-cartoon">4.6 Thomas Nast, cartoon</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4054"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/47-vanity-fair-caricature">4.7 'Vanity Fair', caricature</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4057"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/48-vanity-fair-preliminary-study">4.8 'Vanity Fair', preliminary study</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4060"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/49-graphic-cartoon">4.9 'Graphic', cartoon</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3889"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/410-hornet-caricature-darwin">4.10 'Hornet' caricature of Darwin</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3892"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/411-fun-cartoon-little-lecture">4.11 'Fun' cartoon, 'A little lecture'</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3895"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/412-fun-wedding-procession">4.12 'Fun', Wedding procession</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3898"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/413-fun-cartoon-griset-emotional">4.13 'Fun' cartoon by Griset, 'Emotional'</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3901"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/414-fun-cartoon-troubles">4.14 'Fun' cartoon, 'That troubles'</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3904"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/415-george-cruikshank-comic-drawing">4.15 George Cruikshank, comic drawing</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3907"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/416-joseph-simms-physiognomy">4.16 Joseph Simms, physiognomy</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3910"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/417-figaro-unidentifiable-1871">4.17 'Figaro', unidentifiable 1871</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3913"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/418-figaro-chromolithograph-1">4.18 'Figaro' chromolithograph 1</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3916"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/419-george-montbard-caricature">4.19 George Montbard, caricature</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3922"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/420-frederick-waddy-caricature">4.20 Frederick Waddy, caricature</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3925"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/421-gegeef-our-national-church-1">4.21 Gegeef, 'Our National Church', 1</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3928"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/422-gegeef-et-al-our-national-church-2">4.22 Gegeef et al., 'Our National Church', 2</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3931"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/423-gegeef-battle-field-science">4.23 Gegeef, 'Battle Field of Science'</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3934"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/424-daily-graphic-nast-satire">4.24 'Daily Graphic', Nast satire</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3937"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/425-punch-1877-re-cambridge-doctorate">4.25 'Punch' 1877 re. Cambridge doctorate</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3940"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/426-christmas-card-caricature-monkeys">4.26 Christmas card caricature, monkeys</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3943"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/427-four-founders-darwinismus">4.27 'Four founders of Darwinismus'</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3946"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/428-english-celebrities-montage">4.28 'English celebrities' montage</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3949"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/429-richard-grant-white-fall-man">4.29 Richard Grant White, 'Fall of man'</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3955"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/430-la-petite-lune-gill-cartoon">4.30 'La Petite Lune', Gill cartoon</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3958"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/431-la-lune-rousse-gill-cartoon">4.31 'La Lune Rousse', Gill cartoon</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3961"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/432-anis-liqueur-label">4.32 Anis liqueur label</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3964"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/433-harpers-weekly-bellew-caricature">4.33 'Harper's Weekly', Bellew caricature</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3967"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/434-punch-sambourne-cartoon-1">4.34 'Punch', Sambourne cartoon 1</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3970"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/435-frederick-sem-caricature">4.35 Frederick Sem, caricature</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3973"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/436-sem-chistmas-card">4.36 Sem, Chistmas card</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3976"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/437-mosquito-satire">4.37 'Mosquito' satire</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3979"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/438-franz-goedecker-caricature">4.38 Franz Goedecker, caricature</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3982"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/439-moonshine-magazine-cartoon">4.39 'Moonshine' magazine cartoon</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3988"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/440-phrenological-magazine">4.40 'Phrenological Magazine'</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3991"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/441-punch-sambourne-cartoon-2">4.41 'Punch', Sambourne cartoon 2</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3994"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/442-punch-sambourne-cartoon-3">4.42 'Punch' Sambourne cartoon 3</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3997"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/443-illustrated-london-news-article">4.43 'Illustrated London News' article</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4000"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/444-puck-cartoon-1">4.44 'Puck' cartoon 1</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4003"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/445-puck-cartoon-2">4.45 'Puck' cartoon 2</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4006"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/446-puck-cartoon-3">4.46 'Puck' cartoon 3</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4009"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/447-puck-cartoon-4">4.47 'Puck' cartoon 4</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4012"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/448-puck-cartoon-5">4.48 'Puck', cartoon 5</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4015"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/449-alfred-bryan-caricature">4.49 Alfred Bryan, caricature</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4021"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/450-cigar-box-lid-design">4.50 Cigar box lid design</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4024"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/451-frederick-holder-life-and-work">4.51 Frederick Holder 'Life and Work'</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4027"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/452-wasp-caricature">4.52 'Wasp' caricature</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4030"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/453-claud-warren-outlines-hands">4.53 Claud Warren, 'Outlines of Hands'</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4033"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/454-jubilees-queen-victoria">4.54 jubilees of Queen Victoria</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4036"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/455-harry-furniss-caricature">4.55 Harry Furniss caricature</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4039"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/456-larks-cartoon">4.56 'Larks' cartoon</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4042"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/457-silhouette-cartoon">4.57 silhouette cartoon</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4045"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/458-simian-savage-drawings">4.58 'Simian, savage' . . . drawings</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-4048"><a href="../../about-darwin/portraits-charles-darwin-catalogue/459-simplicissimus-cartoon">4.59 'Simplicissimus' cartoon</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-4066"><a href="../../about-darwin/darwin-and-experimental-life">Darwin and the experimental life</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed 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href="../../fake-darwin">Fake Darwin: myths and misconceptions</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3402"><a href="../../darwins-bad-days">Darwin's bad days</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-3644"><a href="../../people/about-darwin/darwin-s-first-love">Darwin's first love</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-800"><a href="../../letters" title="">The letters</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-800"><a href="../../letters" title="">The letters overview</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-2080"><a href="../../letters/darwins-life-letters">Darwin's life in letters</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-2080"><a href="../../letters/darwins-life-letters">Darwin's life in letters overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1097"><a href="../../letters/darwins-life-letters/darwin-letters-1821-1836-childhood-beagle-voyage">1821-1836: Childhood to the Beagle 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href="../../letters/darwins-life-letters/darwin-letters-1858-1859-origin">1858-1859: Origin</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-937"><a href="../../letters/darwins-life-letters/darwin-letters-1860-answering-critics">1860: Answering critics</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1111"><a href="../../letters/darwins-life-letters/darwin-letters-1861-gaining-allies">1861: Gaining allies</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1098"><a href="../../letters/darwins-life-letters/darwin-letters-1862-multiplicity-experiments">1862: A multiplicity of experiments</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1099"><a href="../../letters/darwins-life-letters/darwin-letters-1863-quarrels-home-honours-abroad">1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1100"><a href="../../letters/darwins-life-letters/darwin-letters-1864-failing-health">1864: Failing health</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-935"><a href="../../letters/darwins-life-letters/darwin-letters-1865-delays-and-disappointments">1865: Delays and disappointments</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1101"><a href="../../letters/darwins-life-letters/darwin-letters1866-survival-fittest">1866: Survival of the fittest</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1102"><a href="../../letters/darwins-life-letters/darwin-letters-1867-civilised-dispute">1867: A civilised dispute</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1103"><a href="../../letters/darwins-life-letters/darwin-letters-1868-studying-sex">1868: Studying sex</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1104"><a href="../../letters/darwins-life-letters/darwin-letters-1869-forward-all-fronts">1869: Forward on all fronts</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1105"><a href="../../letters/darwins-life-letters/darwin-letters1870-human-evolution">1870: Human evolution</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1151"><a href="../../letters/darwins-life-letters/darwin-letters-1871-emptying-nest">1871: An emptying 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href="../../letters/darwins-life-letters/darwin-letters-1878-movement-and-sleep">1878: Movement and sleep</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3394"><a href="../../letters/darwins-life-letters/darwin-letters-1879-tracing-roots">1879: Tracing roots</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3661"><a href="../../letters/darwins-life-letters/darwin-letters-1880-sensitivity-and-worms">1880: Sensitivity and worms</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4063"><a href="../../letters/darwins-life-letters/darwin-letters-1881-old-friends-and-new-admirers">1881: Old friends and new admirers</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-4102"><a href="../../letters/darwins-life-letters/darwin-letters-1882-nothing-too-great-or-too-small">1882: Nothing too great or too small</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-3384"><a href="../../letters/darwins-works-letters">Darwin's works in letters</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-3384"><a href="../../letters/darwins-works-letters">Darwin's works in letters overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3385"><a href="../../letters/darwins-works-letters/journal-researches">Journal of researches</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3386"><a href="../../letters/darwins-works-letters/living-and-fossil-cirripedia">Living and fossil cirripedia</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-3400"><a href="../../letters/darwins-works-letters/origin-big-book">Before Origin: the 'big book'</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-3400"><a href="../../letters/darwins-works-letters/origin-big-book">Before Origin: the 'big book' overview</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-3401"><a href="../../letters/darwins-works-letters/origin-big-book/dates-composition-darwins-manuscript-species">Dates of composition of Darwin's manuscript on species</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3406"><a href="../../letters/darwins-works-letters/origin">Origin</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-3407"><a href="../../letters/darwins-works-letters/rewriting-origin-later-editions">Rewriting Origin - the later editions</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-3407"><a href="../../letters/darwins-works-letters/rewriting-origin-later-editions">Rewriting Origin - the later editions overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3412"><a href="../../letters/darwins-works-letters/rewriting-origin-later-editions/how-old-earth">How old is the earth?</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3411"><a href="../../letters/darwins-works-letters/rewriting-origin-later-editions/whale-bear">The whale-bear</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-3413"><a href="../../letters/darwins-works-letters/rewriting-origin-later-editions/origin-lost-changes-second-german">Origin: the lost changes for the second German edition</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3404"><a href="../../letters/darwins-works-letters/orchids">Orchids</a></li> <li class="leaf 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href="../../hunt-new-letters">The hunt for new letters</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-1136"><a href="../../letters/editorial-policy-and-practice">Editorial policy and practice</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-1136"><a href="../../letters/editorial-policy-and-practice">Editorial policy and practice overview</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-3646"><a href="../../letters/editorial-policy-and-practice/full-notes-editorial-policy">Full notes on editorial policy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2263"><a href="../../letters/symbols-and-abbreviations">Symbols and abbreviations</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2905"><a href="../../letters/darwins-letters-timeline">Darwin's letters: a timeline</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2909"><a href="../../world-map">Darwin's letters: World Map</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3364"><a href="/have-you-read-one-about" title="">Have you read the one about...</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4183"><a href="../../letters/charles-darwin-life-letters">Charles Darwin: A Life in Letters</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4158"><a href="../../darwin-conversation-exhibition">Darwin in Conversation exhibition</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4099"><a href="../../letters/diagrams-and-drawings-letters">Diagrams and drawings in letters</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-4105"><a href="../../letters/favourite-letters">Favourite Letters</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-4105"><a href="../../letters/favourite-letters">Favourite Letters overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4162"><a href="../../letters/favourite-letters/be-envious-ripe-oranges-w-d-fox-may-1832">Be envious of ripe oranges: To W. D. Fox, May 1832</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4111"><a href="../../letters/favourite-letters/monstrous-stain-j-m-herbert-2-june-1833">That monstrous stain: To J. M. Herbert, 2 June 1833</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4166"><a href="../../letters/favourite-letters/my-most-solemn-request-emma-darwin-5-july-1844">My most solemn request: To Emma Darwin, 5 July 1844</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4178"><a href="../../letters/favourite-letters/our-poor-dear-dear-child-emma-darwin-23-april-1851">Our poor dear dear child: To Emma Darwin, [23 April 1851]</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4174"><a href="../../letters/favourite-letters/i-beg-million-pardons-john-lubbock-3-september-1862">I beg a million pardons: To John Lubbock, [3 September 1862]</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4129"><a href="../../letters/favourite-letters/prize-possessions-henry-denny-17-january-1865">Prize possessions: To Henry Denny, 17 January [1865]</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4114"><a href="../../letters/favourite-letters/how-manage-it-j-d-hooker-17-june-1865">How to manage it: To J. D. Hooker, [17 June 1865]</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4117"><a href="../../letters/favourite-letters/fly-flower-hermann-m-ller-23-october-1867">A fly on the flower: From Hermann Müller, 23 October 1867</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4138"><a href="../../letters/favourite-letters/reading-my-roommate-s-illustrious-ancestor-t-h-huxley-10-june-1868">Reading my roommate's illustrious ancestor: To T. H. Huxley, 10 June 1868</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4169"><a href="../../letters/favourite-letters/beginning-something-j-d-hooker-22-january-1869">A beginning, & that is something: To J. D. Hooker, [22 January 1869]</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4135"><a href="../../letters/favourite-letters/perfect-copper-plate-hand-adolf-reuter-30-may-1869">Perfect copper-plate hand: From Adolf Reuter, 30 May 1869</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4132"><a href="../../letters/favourite-letters/darwin-s-favourite-photographer-o-g-rejlander-30-april-1871">Darwin's favourite photographer: From O. G. Rejlander, 30 April 1871</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4172"><a href="../../letters/favourite-letters/your-letter-eternalized-us-n-d-doedes-27-march-1873">Your letter eternalized before us: From N. D. Doedes, 27 March 1873</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4120"><a href="../../letters/favourite-letters/lost-translation-auguste-forel-12-november-1874">Lost in translation: From Auguste Forel, 12 November 1874</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4182"><a href="../../letters/favourite-letters/i-never-trusted-drosera-e-f-lubbock-after-2-july-1875">I never trusted Drosera: From E. F. Lubbock, [after 2 July] 1875</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4126"><a href="../../letters/favourite-letters/argus-pheasant-mivart-r-wallace-17-june-1876">From Argus pheasant to Mivart: To A. R. Wallace, 17 June 1876</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4141"><a href="../../letters/favourite-letters/wearing-his-knowledge-lightly-fritz-m-ller-5-april-1878">Wearing his knowledge lightly: From Fritz Müller, 5 April 1878</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4123"><a href="../../letters/favourite-letters/terms-engagement-julius-wiesner-25-october-1881">Terms of engagement: To Julius Wiesner, 25 October 1881</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-4108"><a href="../../letters/favourite-letters/intellectual-capacities-caroline-kennard-26-december-1881">Intellectual capacities: From Caroline Kennard, 26 December 1881</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-4144"><a href="../../letters/darwin-plays">Darwin plays</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-4144"><a href="../../letters/darwin-plays">Darwin plays overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4150"><a href="../../letters/darwin-plays/emma-audio-play">'Emma' audio play</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4147"><a href="../../letters/darwin-plays/frank-audio-play">'Frank' audio play</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4153"><a href="../../letters/darwin-plays/confessing-murder-audio-play">'Like confessing a murder' audio play</a></li> <li class="last expanded menu-mlid-2294"><a href="../../letters/darwin-plays/re-design-dramatisation">'Re: Design' dramatisation</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-2294"><a href="../../letters/darwin-plays/re-design-dramatisation">'Re: Design' dramatisation overview</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1134"><a href="../religion/re-design-dramatisation/dramatisation-script">Dramatisation script</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3377"><a href="/search?sort=date&keyword=darwin&f1-document-type=letter" title="">Browse all Darwin letters in date order</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-3391"><a href="../../letters/list-correspondents">List of correspondents</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="expanded active-trail menu-mlid-824"><a href="../../commentary" class="active-trail campl-selected">Commentary</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed active-trail menu-mlid-824"><a href="../../commentary" class="active-trail">Commentary overview</a></li> <li class="expanded active-trail menu-mlid-2269"><a href="../evolution" title="" class="active-trail">Evolution</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed active-trail menu-mlid-2269"><a href="../evolution" title="" class="active-trail">Evolution overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2262"><a href="natural-selection">Natural selection</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2293"><a href="sexual-selection">Sexual selection</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2299"><a href="inheritance">Inheritance</a></li> <li class="leaf active-trail active menu-mlid-2298 campl-current-page"><a href="divergence" class="active-trail active">Divergence</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3410"><a href="correlation-growth-deaf-blue-eyed-cats-pigs-and-poison">Correlation of growth: deaf blue-eyed cats, pigs, and poison</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3414"><a href="natural-selection-trouble-terminology-part-i">Natural Selection: the trouble with terminology Part I</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3415"><a href="survival-fittest-trouble-terminology-part-ii">Survival of the fittest: the trouble with terminology Part II</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-3671"><a href="darwin-s-species-notebooks-i-think">Darwin's species notebooks: 'I think . . .'</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-871"><a href="../geology" title="">Geology</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-871"><a href="../geology" title="">Geology overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2259"><a href="../geology/darwin-geology">Darwin and geology</a></li> <li class="leaf 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href="../life-sciences/darwin-and-barnacles/darwin-s-study-cirripedia">Darwin's study of the Cirripedia</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-2280"><a href="../life-sciences/darwin-and-vivisection">Darwin and vivisection</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-2280"><a href="../life-sciences/darwin-and-vivisection">Darwin and vivisection overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2284"><a href="../../topics/life-sciences/darwin-and-vivisection/vivisection-draft-petition">Vivisection: draft petition</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2285"><a href="../../topics/life-sciences/darwin-and-vivisection/vivisection-baas-committee-report">Vivisection: BAAS committee report</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2286"><a href="../../topics/life-sciences/darwin-and-vivisection/vivisection-first-sketch-bill">Vivisection: first sketch of the bill</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2287"><a href="../../topics/life-sciences/darwin-and-vivisection/vivisection-darwins-testimony-royal-commission">Vivisection: Darwin's testimony</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-2288"><a href="../../topics/life-sciences/darwin-and-vivisection/appeal-against-animal-cruelty">'An Appeal' against animal cruelty</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-2916"><a href="../life-sciences/biodiversity-and-its-histories">Biodiversity and its histories</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-873"><a href="../human-nature" title="">Human nature</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-873"><a href="../human-nature" title="">Human nature overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2604"><a href="../human-nature/darwin-human-evolution">Darwin on human evolution</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-1269"><a href="../human-nature/expression-emotions">The expression of emotions</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-1269"><a href="../human-nature/expression-emotions">The expression of emotions overview</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-1262"><a href="../human-nature/expression-emotions/emotion-experiment">Emotion experiment</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-1262"><a href="../human-nature/expression-emotions/emotion-experiment">Emotion experiment overview</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1263"><a href="../human-nature/expression-emotions/emotion-experiment/results-darwin-online-emotions">Results of the Darwin Online Emotions Experiment</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2256"><a href="../human-nature/expression-emotions/face-emotion">Face of emotion</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-2292"><a href="../human-nature/expression-emotions/darwin-s-queries-expression">Darwin's queries on expression</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-1052"><a href="../human-nature/origin-language">The origin of language</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-1052"><a href="../human-nature/origin-language">The origin of language overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1053"><a href="../human-nature/origin-language/language-key-letters">Language: key letters</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1153"><a href="../human-nature/origin-language/language-interview-gregory-radick">Language: Interview with Gregory Radick</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1140"><a href="../human-nature/darwin-and-human-nature-film-series">Film series podcasts</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-874"><a href="../religion" title="">Religion</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-874"><a href="../religion" title="">Religion overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1033"><a href="../religion/darwin-and-design">Darwin and design</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1288"><a href="../religion/what-did-darwin-believe">What did Darwin believe?</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1034"><a href="../religion/darwin-and-church">Darwin and the Church</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1089"><a href="../religion/british-association-meeting-1860">British Association meeting 1860</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1121"><a href="../religion/darwin-and-religion-america">Darwin and religion in America</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-1045"><a href="../religion/essays-reviews-asa-gray">Essays and reviews by Asa Gray</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-1045"><a href="../religion/essays-reviews-asa-gray">Essays and reviews by Asa Gray overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2271"><a href="../religion/essays-reviews-asa-gray/darwiniana-preface">Darwiniana - Preface</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2272"><a href="../religion/essays-reviews-asa-gray/essay-design-versus-necessity">Essay: Design versus necessity</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1046"><a href="../religion/essays-reviews-asa-gray/essay-natural-selection-natural-theology">Essay: Natural selection & natural theology</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1146"><a href="../religion/essays-reviews-asa-gray/essay-evolution-theology">Essay: Evolution and theology</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2273"><a href="../religion/essays-reviews-asa-gray/essay-what-darwinism">Essay: What is Darwinism?</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-2274"><a href="../religion/essays-reviews-asa-gray/essay-evolutionary-teleology">Essay: Evolutionary teleology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="last expanded menu-mlid-2249"><a href="../religion/science-and-religion-interviews">Science and religion Interviews</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-2249"><a href="../religion/science-and-religion-interviews">Science and religion Interviews overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2250"><a href="../religion/science-and-religion-interviews/interview-emily-ballou">Interview with Emily Ballou</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2251"><a href="../religion/science-and-religion-interviews/interview-simon-conway-morris">Interview with Simon Conway Morris</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2252"><a href="../religion/science-and-religion-interviews/interview-john-hedley-brooke">Interview with John Hedley Brooke</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2253"><a href="../religion/science-and-religion-interviews/interview-randal-keynes">Interview with Randal Keynes</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2254"><a href="../religion/science-and-religion-interviews/interview-tim-lewens">Interview with Tim Lewens</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-2255"><a href="../religion/science-and-religion-interviews/interview-pietro-corsi">Interview with Pietro Corsi</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="last expanded menu-mlid-3395"><a href="../curious" title="">For the curious...</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-3395"><a href="../curious" title="">For the curious... overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4155"><a href="../curious/cordillera-beagle-expedition">Cordillera Beagle expedition</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4096"><a href="../curious/darwin-family">The Darwin family</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4093"><a href="../curious/darwin-s-plant-experiments">Darwin's plant experiments</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4090"><a href="../curious/behind-scenes">Behind the scenes</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3664"><a href="../curious/darwin-s-networks">Darwin's Networks</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3643"><a href="../curious/darwin-and-beagle-voyage">Darwin and the Beagle voyage</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3403"><a href="../curious/darwin-and-working-home">Darwin and working from home</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3409"><a href="../curious/darwin-cats-and-cat-shows">Darwin, cats and cat shows</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3396"><a href="../curious/darwin-and-dogs">Darwin and dogs</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3397"><a href="../curious/darwins-illness">Darwin's illness</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3398"><a href="../curious/plant-or-animal-or-don-t-try-home">Plant or animal? (Or: Don't try this at home!)</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-3399"><a href="../curious/strange-things-sent-darwin-post">Strange things sent to Darwin in the post</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-823"><a href="../../people">People</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-823"><a href="../../people">People overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2150"><a href="../key-correspondents" title="">Key correspondents</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2153"><a href="../beagle-voyage-networks" title="">Beagle voyage networks</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2152"><a href="../family-and-friends" title="">Family and friends</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2159"><a href="../darwins-scientific-network" title="">Darwin's scientific network</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2155"><a href="../../tags/readers-and-critics" title="">Readers and critics</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2162"><a href="../../tags/publishers-artists-and-illustrators" title="">Publishers, artists and illustrators</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3381"><a href="../../correspondents-alphabetical" title="">People pages in alphabetical order</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-3367"><a href="../../people/german-and-dutch-photograph-albums">German and Dutch photograph albums</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-3367"><a href="../../people/german-and-dutch-photograph-albums">German and Dutch photograph albums overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3372"><a href="../../people/german-and-dutch-photograph-albums/photograph-album-german-and-austrian-scientists">Photograph album of German and Austrian scientists</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3371"><a href="../../people/german-and-dutch-photograph-albums/photograph-album-dutch-admirers">Photograph album of Dutch admirers</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-3370"><a href="../../german-poems-presented-darwin">German poems presented to Darwin</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-3380"><a href="/search?f1-document-type=people&sort=name" title="">List of all people mentioned in letters</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-825"><a href="../../learning-resources" title="">Learning</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-825"><a href="../../learning-resources" title="">Learning overview</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-1739"><a href="../../learning/7-11">Ages 7-11</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-1739"><a href="../../learning/7-11">Ages 7-11 overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2601"><a href="../../learning/7-11/darwin-the-collector">Darwin The Collector</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2602"><a href="../../learning/7-11/detecting-darwin">Detecting Darwin</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2603"><a href="../../learning/7-11/darwin-and-evolution">Darwin And Evolution</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2600"><a href="../../learning/7-11/darwins-fantastical-voyage">Darwin's Fantastical Voyage</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-3408"><a href="../../learning/7-11/home-learning-7-11-years">Home learning: 7-11 years</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-1744"><a href="../../learning/11-14">Ages 11-14</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-1744"><a href="../../learning/11-14">Ages 11-14 overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2899"><a href="../../learning/11-14/darwin-and-religion">Darwin and Religion</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2898"><a href="../../learning/11-14/doing-darwins-experiments">Doing Darwin's Experiments</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2900"><a href="../../learning/11-14/how-dangerous-was-darwin">How dangerous was Darwin?</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2901"><a href="../../learning/11-14/offer-of-a-lifetime">Offer of a lifetime</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2903"><a href="../../learning/11-14/darwin-and-slavery">Darwin and slavery</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2902"><a href="../../learning/11-14/beagle-voyage">Beagle Voyage</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2904"><a href="../../learning/11-14/darwins-scientific-women">Darwin's scientific women</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1154"><a href="../../case-studies-using-darwin-s-letters-classroom">Schools Gallery: Using Darwin's letters in the classroom</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-833"><a href="../../learning/universities">Universities</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-833"><a href="../../learning/universities">Universities overview</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-1063"><a href="../../learning/universities/letters-primary-source" title="">Letters as a primary source</a> <ul class="menu"> <li 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reading</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-1550"><a href="../../learning/universities/getting-know-darwins-science">Getting to know Darwin's science</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-1550"><a href="../../learning/universities/getting-know-darwins-science">Getting to know Darwin's science overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2144"><a href="../../learning/universities/getting-know-darwins-science/early-days">Early days</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1086"><a href="../../learning/universities/getting-know-darwins-science/barnacles">Barnacles</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-932"><a href="../../learning/universities/getting-know-darwins-science/biogeography">Biogeography</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1287"><a href="../../learning/universities/getting-know-darwins-science/variation-under-domestication">Variation under domestication</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1259"><a href="../../learning/universities/getting-know-darwins-science/orchids">Orchids</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1150"><a href="../../learning/universities/getting-know-darwins-science/instinct-and-evolution-mind">Instinct and the evolution of mind</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1048"><a href="../../learning/universities/getting-know-darwins-science/insectivorous-plants">Insectivorous plants</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1095"><a href="../../learning/universities/getting-know-darwins-science/climbing-plants">Climbing plants</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1141"><a href="../../learning/universities/getting-know-darwins-science/floral-dimorphism">Floral dimorphism</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1260"><a href="../../learning/universities/getting-know-darwins-science/power-movement-plants">Power of movement in plants</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1135"><a href="../../learning/universities/getting-know-darwins-science/earthworms">Earthworms</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1132"><a href="../../learning/universities/getting-know-darwins-science/dining-down-house">Dining at Down House</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-2314"><a href="../../learning/universities/darwin-and-human-nature">Darwin and human nature</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-2314"><a href="../../learning/universities/darwin-and-human-nature">Darwin and human nature overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1155"><a href="../../learning/universities/darwin-and-human-nature/moral-nature">Moral nature</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1261"><a href="../../learning/universities/darwin-and-human-nature/race-civilization-and-progress">Race, civilization, and progress</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="last expanded menu-mlid-1289"><a href="../../learning/universities/women-and-science">Women and science</a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-1289"><a href="../../learning/universities/women-and-science">Women and science overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2281"><a href="../../learning/universities/women-and-science/women-s-scientific-participation">Women's scientific participation</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1290"><a href="../../learning/universities/women-and-science/women-scientific-audience">Women as a scientific audience</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1041"><a href="../../learning/universities/women-and-science/referencing-women-s-work">Referencing women's work</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2312"><a href="../../learning/universities/women-and-science/darwin-public-and-private">Darwin in public and private</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2283"><a href="../../learning/universities/women-and-science/darwin-mentor">Darwin as mentor</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2313"><a href="../../learning/universities/women-and-science/discussion-questions">Discussion questions</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-2311"><a href="../../learning/universities/women-and-science/suggested-reading">Suggested reading</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2897"><a href="../../learning-resources/timeline" title="">Darwin timeline</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3668"><a href="../../learning-resources/exploring-evolution">Teacher training</a></li> <li class="last expanded menu-mlid-4186"><a href="../curious" title="">For the curious...</a> <ul class="campl-unstyled-list local-dropdown-menu"> <li class="first collapsed menu-mlid-4186"><a href="../curious" title="">For the curious... overview</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4189"><a href="../curious/cordillera-beagle-expedition" title="">Cordillera Beagle expedition</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4192"><a href="../curious/darwin-family" title="">The Darwin family</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4195"><a href="../curious/darwin-s-plant-experiments" title="">Darwin's plant experiments</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-4198"><a 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campl-content campl-recessed-content"><div class="campl-wrap clearfix"><div class="campl-column9 campl-main-content" id="page-content"> <div class=""> <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-darwin-sharing-darwin-sharing-add" class="block block-darwin-sharing campl-content-container"> <div> <div class="social-media-share"><a class="icon-sm darwin-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.darwinproject.ac.uk%2Fcommentary%2Fevolution%2Fdivergence" title="Share on Facebook" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-facebook-f"></i></a> <a class="icon-sm darwin-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Divergence&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.darwinproject.ac.uk%2Fcommentary%2Fevolution%2Fdivergence" title="Share on Twitter" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-twitter"></i></a> <a class="icon-sm darwin-email" href="mailto:?&subject=Divergence&body=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.darwinproject.ac.uk%2Fcommentary%2Fevolution%2Fdivergence" title="Share by email"><i class="fas fa-envelope"></i></a></div> </div> </div> <div id="block-system-main" class="block block-system"> <div> <div id="node-295" class="node node-page clearfix" about="/commentary/evolution/divergence" typeof="foaf:Document"><span property="dc:title" content="Divergence" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span><span property="sioc:num_replies" content="0" datatype="xsd:integer" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span> <div class="content campl-content-container"> <div class="field field-name-field-image field-type-file field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item even"> <div id="file-432" class="file file-image file-image-jpeg"> <div class="content"><a href="/sites/default/files/Divergence-fig-Origins.jpg"><img typeof="foaf:Image" class="campl-scale-with-grid" src="/sites/default/files/Divergence-fig-Origins.jpg" width="1328" height="1000" alt="Divergence figure from the Origin of Species" title="Divergence figure from the Origin of Species"/></a> <div class="field field-name-field-file-reference field-type-text field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item even">http://biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135954#page/138/mode/1up</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-file-caption field-type-text field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item even">Divergence figure from the Origin of Species</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-credit field-type-text field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item even">Image from the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Digitised by Harvard University Botany Libraries</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"> <p>In <a href="/DCP-LETT-4631">a later account</a> of how he had come to the evolutionary ideas published in <em>Origin</em>, Darwin wrote: 'Of all the minor points, the last which I appreciated was the importance & cause of the principle of Divergence' (to Ernst Haeckel, [after 10] August - 8 October [1864]).</p> <p align="left">Darwin set out to explain how intermediate forms in any species or genera tend to die out and leave the extreme forms to survive and pass on their characteristics. This 'principle of divergence' - or as he described it '<a href="/DCP-LETT-2176">the tendency to the preservation from extinction of the most different members of each group</a>' - was prompted by the observation that any given habitat supports more life if it is occupied by many different life-forms. Overall agricultural yields, for example, were much higher where a variety of crops were grown together. Darwin realised that varied offspring could colonise a wider range of habitats than the parent organism; competition would be fiercest for the middle ground where all forms could thrive, while those at opposite ends of any spectrum could more easily co-exist. The intermediate forms were therefore more likely to struggle to the point where they became extinct, while the extreme forms flourished and might eventually become established as new species. Darwin saw these processes as the origin of the branching relationships between species, genera, families, orders, and classes.</p> <p align="left">Darwin first mentioned the principle by name in a <a href="/DCP-LETT-2134">letter to Joseph Hooker</a> in August 1857, but didn't explain what he meant. Shortly afterwards, in September 1857, he included a brief outline of the principle in a <a href="/DCP-LETT-2136">letter to Asa Gray</a> where he set out the state of his thinking on evolution:</p> <blockquote> <p align="left">One other principle, which may be called the principle of divergence plays, I believe, an important part in the origin of species. The same spot will support more life if occupied by very diverse forms: we see this in the many generic forms in a square yard of turf (I have counted 20 species belonging to 18 genera),-or in the plants and insects, on any little uniform islet, belonging almost to as many genera and families as to species. . . . the varying offspring of each species will try (only few will succeed) to seize on as many and as diverse places in the economy of nature, as possible. Each new variety or species, when formed will generally take the places of and so exterminate its less well-fitted parent. This, I believe, to be the origin of the classification or arrangement of all organic beings at all times. These always <strong>seem</strong> to branch and sub-branch like a tree from a common trunk; the flourishing twigs destroying the less vigorous...</p> </blockquote> <p align="left">He described its operation in great detail in <em>Origin</em> (pp.111-126), and it is explained figuratively in the only diagram included in the book. Before embarking on <em>Origin</em>, he had already partially written it up, and had described it to Hooker in June 1858 as being, together with the mechanism of natural selection, '<a href="/DCP-LETT-2282">the key-stone</a>' of the much longer book he had intended to call 'Natural selection' but which he never finished (see <em>Natural selection</em>, pp. 227-50).</p> <p>Darwin's correspondence suggests that he was already beginning to think along these broad lines <a href="/DCP-LETT-734">as early as 1844</a>, and was certainly <a href="/DCP-LETT-996">investigating the numbers and diversity of species</a> inhabiting the same area by 1846. For a full definition of the principle of divergence and the background to Darwin's final formulation of it between November 1854 and 1858, see Browne 1980, Ospovat 1981, pp. 170-209, and Kohn 1985.</p> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-terms field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="field-label">Terms: </div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item even"><a href="../evolution" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Evolution</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-term-related-letters field-type-text field-label-above"> <div class="field-label">Related letters: </div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item even">744</div> <div class="field-item odd">996</div> <div class="field-item even">2134</div> <div class="field-item odd">2136</div> <div class="field-item even">2176</div> <div class="field-item odd">2282</div> <div class="field-item even">3484</div> <div class="field-item odd">4631</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-related-bibliographic-refe field-type-text field-label-above"> <div class="field-label">Related bibliographic reference: </div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item even"> <div class="bibliography even">Browne, Janet. 1980. Darwin's botanical arithmetic and the 'principle of divergence', 1854-1858. <i>Journal of the History of Biology</i> 13: 53-89.</div> </div> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="bibliography even">Ospovat, Dov. 1981. <i>The development of Darwin's theory. Natural history, natural theology, and natural selection, 1838-1859.</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</div> </div> <div class="field-item even"> <div class="bibliography even">Kohn, David. 1985. Darwin's principle of divergence as internal dialogue. In <i>The Darwinian heritage</i>, edited by David Kohn. Princeton: Princeton University Press in association with Nova Pacifica (Wellington, NZ).</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="campl-column3 campl-secondary-content"> <div class="region region-sidebar"> <div id="block-menu-block-3" class="block block-menu-block"> <div class="campl-content-container campl-no-bottom-padding"> <div class="campl-heading-container"> <h2>In this section:</h2> </div> </div> <div class="campl-content-container"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-3 menu-name-main-menu parent-mlid-0 menu-level-3"> <ul class="menu"> <li class="first leaf menu-mlid-2262 with-rh-icon" style="background-image:url(/sites/default/files/styles/rh-icon/public/MS-DAR-00006-000-00003.jpg?itok=IkjR3yjF)"><a href="natural-selection">Natural selection</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2293 with-rh-icon" style="background-image:url(/sites/default/files/styles/rh-icon/public/Peacock-1.jpg?itok=Rn-qkU39)"><a href="sexual-selection">Sexual selection</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-2299 with-rh-icon" style="background-image:url(/sites/default/files/styles/rh-icon/public/Darwin-Pigeons-01.jpg?itok=JN4i4fjK)"><a href="inheritance">Inheritance</a></li> <li class="leaf active-trail active menu-mlid-2298 with-rh-icon" style="background-image:url(/sites/default/files/styles/rh-icon/public/Divergence-fig-Origins.jpg?itok=XTbCq0-q)"><a href="divergence" class="active-trail active">Divergence</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3410 with-rh-icon" style="background-image:url(/sites/default/files/styles/rh-icon/public/ourcatsallaboutt00weir_0029.jpg?itok=ALxHKvpt)"><a href="correlation-growth-deaf-blue-eyed-cats-pigs-and-poison">Correlation of growth: deaf blue-eyed cats, pigs, and poison</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3414 with-rh-icon" style="background-image:url(/sites/default/files/styles/rh-icon/public/origin_of_species_smallc.jpg?itok=R6diPY7_)"><a href="natural-selection-trouble-terminology-part-i">Natural Selection: the trouble with terminology Part I</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-3415 with-rh-icon" style="background-image:url(/sites/default/files/styles/rh-icon/public/Herbert-Spencer.jpg?itok=53QeAX3f)"><a href="survival-fittest-trouble-terminology-part-ii">Survival of the fittest: the trouble with terminology Part II</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-3671 with-rh-icon" style="background-image:url(/sites/default/files/styles/rh-icon/public/DAR%20121%20-%20notebook%20B%20-%20page%2036.png?itok=eyjA9HTb)"><a href="darwin-s-species-notebooks-i-think">Darwin's species notebooks: 'I think . . .'</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-cudl-related-letters" class="block block-cudl"> <div class="campl-content-container campl-no-bottom-padding"> <div class="campl-heading-container"> <h2>Related letters</h2> </div> </div> <div class="campl-content-container"> <div class="letter even"> <h3><a href="/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-744.xml">To J. D. Hooker 31 March [1844]</a></h3> <div class="summary"> <p>Thanks for JDH's interesting details about the Galapagos.</p> <p>Clarification of CD's query about the relationship between the range of a genus and the ranges of its constituent species.</p> </div> </div> <div class="letter odd"> <h3><a href="/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-996.xml">To J. D. Hooker [3 September 1846]</a></h3> <div class="summary"> <p>Has nearly finished <i>South America</i>.</p> <p>Pleased to hear JDH has worked out identical and representative species of N. Temperate and Antarctic regions.</p> <p>Geoffroy Saint Hilaire's "loi du balancement" as applied to plants.</p> <p>CD jaded by, but has nearly completed, <i>South America</i>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="letter even"> <h3><a href="/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-2134.xml">To J. D. Hooker 22 August [1857]</a></h3> <div class="summary"> <p>Tabulation of varieties goes on; very important as it shows the branching of forms. Mentions his principle of divergence.</p> </div> </div> <div class="letter odd"> <h3><a href="/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-2136.xml">To Asa Gray 5 September [1857]</a></h3> <div class="summary"> <p>Encloses an abstract of his ideas on natural selection and the principle of divergence; the "means by which nature makes her species".</p> <p>Discusses varieties and close species in large and small genera, finding some data from AG in conflict with his expectations.</p> <p>Has been observing the action of bees in fertilising kidney beans and <i>Lobelia</i>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="letter even"> <h3><a href="/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-2176.xml">To Asa Gray 29 November [1857]</a></h3> <div class="summary"> <p>Thanks AG for his criticisms of CD's views; finds it difficult to avoid using the term "natural selection" as an agent.</p> <p>Discusses crossing in <i>Fumaria</i> and barnacles.</p> <p>Has received a naturally crossed kidney bean in which the seed-coat has been affected by the pollen of the fertilising plant.</p> <p>Finds the rule of large genera having most varieties holds good and regards it as most important for his "principle of divergence".</p> </div> </div> <div class="letter odd"> <h3><a href="/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-2282.xml">To J. D. Hooker 8 [June 1858]</a></h3> <div class="summary"> <p>Pleased with JDH's reaction to MS on large and small genera.</p> <p>Confident of soundness of principle of divergence.</p> <p>CD experimenting on pollination mechanism of Leguminosae. Asks JDH to investigate Fumariaceae.</p> </div> </div> <div class="letter even"> <h3><a href="/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-3484.xml">To J. D. Hooker 26 [March 1862]</a></h3> <div class="summary"> <p>Both JDH's and Bates's letters are excellent. JDH has said all that can be said against direct effect of conditions, but CD still sticks to his own and Bates's side. CD should have done what JDH suggests (since naturally he is pleased to attribute little to conditions) - viz., started on the fundamental principle that variation is innate and stated that afterwards, perhaps, this principle would be made explicable. <i>Variation</i> will show that "use and disuse" have some effect. Does not believe in perfect reversion. Demurs at JDH's "centrifugal variation"; the doctrine of the good of diversification amply accounts for variation being centrifugal.</p> <p>The wonderful mechanism of <i>Mormodes ignea</i>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="letter odd"> <h3><a href="/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-4631.xml">To Ernst Haeckel [after 10] August - 8 October [1864]</a></h3> <div class="summary"> <p>Can understand EH's feelings on death of his wife.</p> <p>CD was impressed by manner in which species in South America are replaced by closely allied ones, by affinity of species inhabiting islands near S. America, and by relation of living Edentata and Rodentia to extinct species. When he read Malthus <i>On population</i>, the idea of natural selection flashed on him.</p> <p>Agrees with EH's remarks on Kölliker ["Darwin'sche Schöpfungstheorie", <i>Z. Wiss. Zool.</i> 14 (1864): 174-86].</p> <p>Asks EH to thank Carl Gegenbaur [for <i>Vergleichende Anatomie der Wirbelthiere</i> (1864)].</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-views-my-sidebar-block" class="block block-views"> <div> <div class="view view-my-sidebar view-id-my_sidebar view-display-id-block view-dom-id-6ee5c05067802927dfd4995c21546d45"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-side-text"> <div class="field-content"> <h3>See also:</h3> <p>'The Making of Origin' on the American Museum of Natural History's <a href="http://www.amnh.org/our-research/darwin-manuscripts-project">Darwin Manuscripts Project</a> site.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-block-57" class="block block-block"> <div class="campl-content-container campl-no-bottom-padding"> <div class="campl-heading-container"> <h2>Darwin's letters: a timeline</h2> </div> </div> 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