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mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regne_ermit%C3%A0" title="Regne ermità – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Regne ermità" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermit_Kingdom" title="Hermit Kingdom – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hermit Kingdom" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einsiedlerk%C3%B6nigreich" title="Einsiedlerkönigreich – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Einsiedlerkönigreich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royaume_ermite" title="Royaume ermite – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Royaume ermite" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%80%EB%91%94%EC%9D%98_%EC%99%95%EA%B5%AD" title="은둔의 왕국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="은둔의 왕국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_eremita" title="Regno eremita – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regno eremita" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms 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searchaux" style="display:none">Term applied to an isolationist country, especially North Korea</div> <p>The term <b>hermit kingdom</b> is an epithet used to refer to any country, organization or society that willfully <a href="/wiki/Isolationism" title="Isolationism">isolate</a> itself off, either metaphorically or physically, from the rest of the world. The <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">Democratic People's Republic of Korea</a> (North Korea) is commonly cited as a prominent example of a hermit kingdom in the present day. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historic_use:_Korea">Historic use: Korea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermit_kingdom&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historic use: Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first country to be described as a "hermit kingdom" was <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Joseon_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseon dynasty">Joseon dynasty</a>, in <a href="/wiki/William_Elliot_Griffis" title="William Elliot Griffis">William Elliot Griffis</a>'s 1882 book <i>Korea: The Hermit Nation</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeth200828_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeth200828-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Korea, which had become increasingly isolationist since the 17th century, was frequently described as a hermit kingdom until 1905, when it became a <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">protectorate of Japan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeth200828_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeth200828-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cold_War_uses">Cold War uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermit_kingdom&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cold War uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enver_Hoxha" title="Enver Hoxha">Enver Hoxha</a>'s <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania" title="People's Socialist Republic of Albania">Albania</a> was widely considered a "hermit kingdom" as it was a <a href="/wiki/Stalinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalinist">Stalinist</a> regime, did not allow ordinary citizens out of the country, and pursued <a href="/wiki/Autarky" title="Autarky">autarky</a> to become entirely self-sufficient. Unlike North Korea, Hoxha's regime, after the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Albanian_split" title="Sino-Albanian split">Sino-Albanian split</a>, refused to ally with anyone and was hostile towards the entire world, which made it more isolationist than North Korea, which was then Stalinist but was allied with other <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a> states and did not become isolationist until after the end of the Cold War.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_use">Modern use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermit_kingdom&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Modern use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Today, the term is often applied to North Korea in news and social media, and in 2009, it was used by <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>, then the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other current countries considered isolationist "hermit kingdoms" include <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, the term has been applied to <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the Himalayas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermit_kingdom&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "hermit kingdom" has also been used to describe <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a> when it closed its borders during the <a href="/wiki/COVID_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID pandemic">COVID pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermit_kingdom&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haijin" title="Haijin">Haijin</a> – Isolationist policy in early modern China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakoku" title="Sakoku">Sakoku</a> – Japanese isolationist policy from 1633–1853</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a> – Supreme Leader of North Korea from 1948 to 1994</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolationism" title="Isolationism">Isolationism</a> – Policy against engaging in international relations</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermit_kingdom&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeth200828-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeth200828_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeth200828_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeth2008">Seth 2008</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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Ahluwalia">Ahluwalia, Hari Pal Singh</a> (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=db4qAAAAMAAJ"><i>Hermit Kingdom, Ladakh</i></a>. Vikas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780706910223" title="Special:BookSources/9780706910223"><bdi>9780706910223</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hermit+Kingdom%2C+Ladakh&rft.pub=Vikas&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=9780706910223&rft.aulast=Ahluwalia&rft.aufirst=Hari+Pal+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddb4qAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermit+kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClad1990" class="citation news cs1">Clad, James (1990-12-20). "Nepali Influx Threatens the Hermit Kingdom". <i>Far Eastern Economic Review</i>. Vol. 150, no. 51. pp. 22–26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Far+Eastern+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=Nepali+Influx+Threatens+the+Hermit+Kingdom&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=51&rft.pages=22-26&rft.date=1990-12-20&rft.aulast=Clad&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermit+kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThinley1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jigme_Thinley" title="Jigme Thinley">Thinley, Dasho Jigmi</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m8U94l6xHlYC&pg=PA218">"Current Situation in Bhutan"</a>. In Ramakant, Ramesh Chandra Misra (ed.). <i>Bhutan: Society and Polity</i>. Indus Publishing. p. 218. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788173870446" title="Special:BookSources/9788173870446"><bdi>9788173870446</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Current+Situation+in+Bhutan&rft.btitle=Bhutan%3A+Society+and+Polity&rft.pages=218&rft.pub=Indus+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9788173870446&rft.aulast=Thinley&rft.aufirst=Dasho+Jigmi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm8U94l6xHlYC%26pg%3DPA218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermit+kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTowie2022" class="citation news cs1">Towie, Narelle (January 21, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/jan/22/he-has-pulled-the-rug-mark-mcgowans-backflip-on-covid-reopening-splits-wa">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'He has pulled the rug': Mark McGowan's backflip on Covid reopening splits WA"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27He+has+pulled+the+rug%27%3A+Mark+McGowan%27s+backflip+on+Covid+reopening+splits+WA&rft.date=2022-01-21&rft.aulast=Towie&rft.aufirst=Narelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2022%2Fjan%2F22%2Fhe-has-pulled-the-rug-mark-mcgowans-backflip-on-covid-reopening-splits-wa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermit+kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermit_kingdom&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer1970" class="citation book cs1">Fischer, David Hackett (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/HistoriansFallaciesTowardALogicOfHistoricalThought/mode/2up"><i>Historians' Fallacies: Toward a Logic of Historical Thought</i></a>. Harper Perennial. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-131545-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-131545-1"><bdi>0-06-131545-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historians%27+Fallacies%3A+Toward+a+Logic+of+Historical+Thought&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-06-131545-1&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=David+Hackett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FHistoriansFallaciesTowardALogicOfHistoricalThought%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermit+kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeth2008" class="citation journal cs1">Seth, Michael J. (Fall 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asianstudies.org/publications/eaa/archives/korea-from-hermit-kingdom-to-colony/">"Korea: From Hermit Kingdom to Colony"</a>. <i>Association for Asian Studies</i>. <b>13</b> (2: <i>Asia in World History: 1750-1914</i>): 28–33<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Association+for+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Korea%3A+From+Hermit+Kingdom+to+Colony&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2%3A+%27%27Asia+in+World+History%3A+1750-1914%27%27&rft.pages=28-33&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Seth&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asianstudies.org%2Fpublications%2Feaa%2Farchives%2Fkorea-from-hermit-kingdom-to-colony%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermit+kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hermit_kingdom&oldid=1257233781">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hermit_kingdom&oldid=1257233781</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1880s_neologisms" title="Category:1880s neologisms">1880s neologisms</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cultural_concepts" title="Category:Cultural concepts">Cultural concepts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography" title="Category:Geography">Geography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Names_of_Korea" title="Category:Names of Korea">Names of Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Isolationism" title="Category:Isolationism">Isolationism</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 November 2024, at 22:30<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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