Europa Analytics

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ecl-mega-menu__link" data-ecl-mega-menu-link id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1653719850-0-link" >Home</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__item ecl-mega-menu__item--has-children" data-ecl-mega-menu-item data-ecl-has-children aria-haspopup id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1653719850-1"><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__link" type="button" data-ecl-mega-menu-link id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1653719850-1-link" aria-expanded="false" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">About us</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-icon--flip-horizontal ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use 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class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/about-european-commission/organisation-european-commission/president_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="The President" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >The President</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/about-european-commission/organisation-european-commission/college-commissioners_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="College of Commissioners" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >College of Commissioners</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/departments-and-executive-agencies_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Departments and executive agencies" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Departments and executive agencies</a></li><li 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data-untranslated-label="Role" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1492418828" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Role</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="In strategy and policy" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >In strategy and policy</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/role/law_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="In law" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >In law</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/role/budget-and-funding_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="In budget and funding" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >In budget and funding</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/role/international-relations_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="In international relations" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >In international relations</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/role_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1492418828" ><span 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ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/service-standards-and-principles/transparency_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Transparency" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Transparency</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/service-standards-and-principles/ethics-and-good-administration_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Ethics and Good Administration" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Ethics and Good Administration</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/service-standards-and-principles/modernising-european-commission_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Modernising the European Commission" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Modernising the European Commission</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/service-standards-and-principles/commissions-use-languages_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="The Commission’s use of languages" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >The Commission’s use of languages</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/about/service-standards-and-principles_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-304513059" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li 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ecl-icon--flip-horizontal ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__wrapper"><div class="ecl-container"><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info ecl-mega-menu__info--has-link" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><span class="ecl-mega-menu__info-title" id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1653719850-2-info-title" >Our priorities</span><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info-scrollable"><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info-content">Learn how the EU is building a sustainable, digital, and inclusive future through its seven key priorities.</div><a href="/priorities-2024-2029_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-mega-menu__info-link ecl-mega-menu__info-link" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1653719850-2-info-title" ><span class="ecl-link__label">Discover more</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs 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ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="European social fairness" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >European social fairness</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/priorities-2024-2029/quality-life_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Quality of life" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Quality of life</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/priorities-2024-2029/democracy-and-our-values_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Democracy and our values" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Democracy and our values</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/priorities-2024-2029/global-europe_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="A global Europe" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >A global Europe</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/priorities-2024-2029/eu-budget-and-reform_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="EU budget and reform" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >EU budget and reform</a></li></ul></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__item ecl-mega-menu__item--has-children" data-ecl-mega-menu-item data-ecl-has-children aria-haspopup id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1653719850-3"><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__link" type="button" data-ecl-mega-menu-link id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1653719850-3-link" aria-expanded="false" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">News and media</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use 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Discover the latest updates, stories, multimedia and other valuable material</div><a href="/news-and-media_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-mega-menu__info-link ecl-mega-menu__info-link" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1653719850-3-info-title" ><span class="ecl-link__label">Discover more</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--flip-horizontal ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></div></div><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/news-and-media/news_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="News" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >News</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/home/en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Press corner" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Press corner</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/news-and-media/visual-stories_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Visual stories" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Visual stories</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://audiovisual.ec.europa.eu/en/" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Audiovisual portal" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Audiovisual portal</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Resources" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1699953033" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Resources</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://op.europa.eu/en/" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Publications" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Publications</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/news-and-media/resources/statistics_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Statistics" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Statistics</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://learning-corner.learning.europa.eu/index_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Learning corner" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Learning corner</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/screen/home" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Eurobarometer" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Eurobarometer</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/homepage.html" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="EU law" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >EU law</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/news-and-media/resources_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1699953033" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li></ul></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__item ecl-mega-menu__item--has-children" data-ecl-mega-menu-item data-ecl-has-children aria-haspopup id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1653719850-4"><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__link" type="button" data-ecl-mega-menu-link id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1653719850-4-link" aria-expanded="false" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Topics</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-icon--flip-horizontal ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__wrapper"><div class="ecl-container"><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info ecl-mega-menu__info--has-link" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><span class="ecl-mega-menu__info-title" id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1653719850-4-info-title" >Topics from A to Z</span><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info-scrollable"><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info-content">Discover EU policies designed to bring benefits to citizens, businesses and other stakeholders in the EU</div><a href="/topics_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-mega-menu__info-link ecl-mega-menu__info-link" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1653719850-4-info-title" ><span class="ecl-link__label">Discover more</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--flip-horizontal ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></div></div><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Aid, Development cooperation, Fundamental rights" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-526434017" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Aid, Development cooperation, Fundamental rights</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights/human-rights-non-eu-countries_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Human rights in non-EU countries" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Human rights in non-EU countries</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights/your-fundamental-rights-eu_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Your fundamental rights in the EU" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Your fundamental rights in the EU</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights/recipients-and-results-eu-aid_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Recipients and results of EU aid" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Recipients and results of EU aid</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights/how-we-provide-aid_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="How we provide aid" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >How we provide aid</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights/ensuring-aid-effectiveness_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Ensuring aid effectiveness" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Ensuring aid effectiveness</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/aid-development-cooperation-fundamental-rights_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-526434017" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Business, Economy, Euro" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-657780654" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Business, Economy, Euro</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/business-economy-euro/doing-business-eu_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Doing business in the EU" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Doing business in the EU</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/business-economy-euro/financial-services_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Financial services" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Financial services</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/business-economy-euro/economic-recovery_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Economic recovery" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Economic recovery</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/business-economy-euro/economic-forecasts-and-surveillance_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Economic forecasts and surveillance" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Economic forecasts and surveillance</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/business-economy-euro/european-semester_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="The European Semester" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >The European Semester</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://economy-finance.ec.europa.eu/economic-and-monetary-union_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Economic and Monetary Union" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Economic and Monetary Union</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://economy-finance.ec.europa.eu/euro/what-euro-area_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="The euro area" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >The euro area</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://european-union.europa.eu/institutions-law-budget/euro/benefits_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="The benefits of the euro" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >The benefits of the euro</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/business-economy-euro_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-657780654" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Education" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1696763364" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Education</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/education/skills-and-qualifications_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Skills and qualifications" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Skills and qualifications</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/education/study-or-teach-abroad_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Study or teach abroad" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Study or teach abroad</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/education/teaching-methods-and-materials_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Teaching methods and materials" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Teaching methods and materials</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/education/policy-educational-issues_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Policy on educational issues" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Policy on educational issues</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/education/set-projects-education-and-training_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Set up projects for education and training" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Set up projects for education and training</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/education_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1696763364" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Energy, Climate change, Environment" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1644753308" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Energy, Climate change, Environment</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/energy-climate-change-environment/overall-targets-and-reporting_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Overall targets and reporting" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Overall targets and reporting</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/energy-climate-change-environment/implementation-eu-countries_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Implementation in EU countries" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Implementation in EU countries</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/energy-climate-change-environment/international-cooperation_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="International cooperation" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >International cooperation</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/energy-climate-change-environment/standards-tools-and-labels_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Standards, tools and labels" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Standards, tools and labels</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/energy-climate-change-environment_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1644753308" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="EU regional and urban development" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1831581864" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">EU regional and urban development</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/eu-regional-and-urban-development/financial-support-projects_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Financial support for projects" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Financial support for projects</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/eu-regional-and-urban-development/projects-and-results_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Projects and results" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Projects and results</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/eu-regional-and-urban-development/countries-regions-cities_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Countries, regions, cities" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Countries, regions, cities</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/eu-regional-and-urban-development/cooperation-between-border-regions_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Cooperation between border regions" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Cooperation between border regions</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/eu-regional-and-urban-development_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1831581864" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Food, Farming, Fisheries" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-508320664" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Food, Farming, Fisheries</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/food-safety-and-quality_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Food safety and quality" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Food safety and quality</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/farming_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Farming" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Farming</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/oceans-and-fisheries_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Oceans and fisheries" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Oceans and fisheries</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/forestry_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Forestry" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Forestry</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/sustainable-agriculture_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Sustainable agriculture" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Sustainable agriculture</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/agricultural-trade_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Agricultural trade" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Agricultural trade</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/plants-and-plant-products_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Plants and plant products" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Plants and plant products</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries/animals-and-animal-products_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Animals and animal products" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Animals and animal products</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/food-farming-fisheries_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-508320664" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Law" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1145358058" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Law</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/law-making-process_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Law-making process" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Law-making process</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/track-law-making_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Track law-making" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Track law-making</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/search-law_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Search law" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Search law</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/law-topic_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Law by topic" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Law by topic</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/application-eu-law_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Application of EU law" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Application of EU law</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/cross-border-cases_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Cross-border cases" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Cross-border cases</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/judicial-training-and-professional-networks_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Judicial training and professional networks" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Judicial training and professional networks</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law/find-legal-professional_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Find a legal professional" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Find a legal professional</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/law_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1145358058" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Live, work, travel in the EU" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1342165437" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Live, work, travel in the EU</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu/living-another-eu-country_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Living in another EU country" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Living in another EU country</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu/consumer-rights-and-complaints_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Consumer rights and complaints" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Consumer rights and complaints</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu/culture-heritage-sport-eu_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Culture, Heritage, Sport in the EU" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Culture, Heritage, Sport in the EU</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu/working-another-eu-country_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Working in another EU country" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Working in another EU country</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu/employment-opportunities_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Employment opportunities" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Employment opportunities</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu/travelling-eu_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Travelling in the EU" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Travelling in the EU</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu/travelling-non-eu-nationals_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Travelling for non-EU nationals" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Travelling for non-EU nationals</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://immigration-portal.ec.europa.eu/index_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Emigrating to the EU" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Emigrating to the EU</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/live-work-travel-eu_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-1342165437" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Research and innovation" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-510583945" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Research and innovation</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/strategy_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Strategy on research and innovation" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Strategy on research and innovation</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/law-and-regulations_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Law and regulations" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Law and regulations</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/knowledge-publications-tools-and-data_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Knowledge: publications, tools and data" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Knowledge: publications, tools and data</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/funding_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Funding" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Funding</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/projects_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Projects" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Projects</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/partners-networking_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Partners, networking" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Partners, networking</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/research-area_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Research by area" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Research by area</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/research-and-innovation_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-510583945" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li></ul></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__item ecl-mega-menu__item--has-children" data-ecl-mega-menu-item data-ecl-has-children aria-haspopup id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1653719850-5"><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__link" type="button" data-ecl-mega-menu-link id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1653719850-5-link" aria-expanded="false" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Get involved</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-icon--flip-horizontal ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__wrapper"><div class="ecl-container"><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info ecl-mega-menu__info--has-link" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><span class="ecl-mega-menu__info-title" id="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1653719850-5-info-title" >Get involved</span><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info-scrollable"><div class="ecl-mega-menu__info-content">Share your views on EU laws and policies, debate Europe's future and find funding for your EU projects.</div><a href="/get-involved_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon ecl-mega-menu__info-link ecl-mega-menu__info-link" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-item-ecl-mega-menu-1653719850-5-info-title" ><span class="ecl-link__label">Discover more</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--flip-horizontal ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></div></div><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Engage in EU policymaking" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-672760717" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Engage in EU policymaking</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Have your say" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Have your say</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="https://citizens.ec.europa.eu/index_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="European Citizens’ Panels" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >European Citizens’ Panels</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/get-involved/engage-eu-policymaking/european-citizens-initiative_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="European Citizens' Initiative" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >European Citizens' Initiative</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/get-involved/engage-eu-policymaking/petition-eu_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Petition the EU" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Petition the EU</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/get-involved/engage-eu-policymaking_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-672760717" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/get-involved/jobs-european-commission_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Jobs" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Jobs</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/funding-tenders_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Funding and tenders" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Funding and tenders</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/get-involved/events_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Events" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Events</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--primary ecl-mega-menu__sublink" type="button" data-untranslated-label="Visit us" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink aria-expanded="false" id="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-364188224" ><span class="ecl-button__container"><span class="ecl-button__label" data-ecl-label="true">Visit us</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-button__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" data-ecl-icon><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></span></button><div class="ecl-mega-menu__mega ecl-mega-menu__mega--level-2" data-ecl-mega-menu-mega ><ul class="ecl-mega-menu__sublist"><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/get-involved/visit-european-commission/visitors-centre_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink" data-untranslated-label="Visitors' Centre" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Visitors' Centre</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/get-involved/visit-european-commission/experience-europe-exhibition-centre_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="Experience Europe exhibition centre" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >Experience Europe exhibition centre</a></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__spacer" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem ecl-mega-menu__see-all" data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/get-involved/visit-european-commission_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" aria-describedby="ecl-mega-menu-sublink-364188224" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></li></ul></li></li><li class="ecl-mega-menu__subitem"data-ecl-mega-menu-subitem><a href="/get-involved/social-media-connect-european-commission_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-mega-menu__sublink ecl-mega-menu__sublink--last" data-untranslated-label="European Commission on social media" data-ecl-mega-menu-sublink >European Commission on social media</a></li></ul></li></ul></section></div></nav> </div> </header> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl" id="block-ewcms-theme-page-header"> <div class="ecl-page-header" ><div class="ecl-container"><nav class="ecl-breadcrumb ecl-page-header__breadcrumb" aria-label="You are here:" aria-label="" data-ecl-breadcrumb="true" ><ol class="ecl-breadcrumb__container"><li class="ecl-breadcrumb__segment" data-ecl-breadcrumb-item="static"><a href="/index_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-breadcrumb__link" >Home</a><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--fluid ecl-breadcrumb__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></li><li class="ecl-breadcrumb__segment ecl-breadcrumb__current-page" data-ecl-breadcrumb-item="static" aria-current="page"><span>Europa Analytics</span></li></ol></nav><div class="ecl-page-header__info"><h1 class="ecl-page-header__title"><span>Europa Analytics</span></h1></div></div></div> </div> <main class="ecl-u-pb-xl" id="main-content" data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2.ecl-u-type-heading-2, div.ecl-featured-item__heading"> <div class="ecl-container"> <div class="ecl-row"> <div class="ecl-col-s-12 ewcms-top-sidebar"> <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-row"> <div class="ecl-col-s-12"> <div id="block-ewcms-theme-main-page-content" data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2, div.ecl-featured-item__heading" class="ecl-u-mb-l"> <article dir="ltr"> <div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_7472"></a> <div class="ecl-row inpage-navigation-container"> <div class="ecl-col-l-3"> <nav class="ecl-inpage-navigation oe-theme-ecl-inpage-navigation ecl-u-z-dropdown" data-ecl-auto-init="InpageNavigation" data-ecl-auto-initialized="true" data-ecl-inpage-navigation="true" aria-labelledby="ecl-inpage-navigation-179449257" ><div class="ecl-inpage-navigation__title" id="ecl-inpage-navigation-179449257">Page contents</div><div class="ecl-inpage-navigation__body"><div class="ecl-inpage-navigation__trigger-wrapper"><button type="button" class="ecl-inpage-navigation__trigger" id="ecl-inpage-navigation-179449257-trigger" data-ecl-inpage-navigation-trigger="true" aria-controls="ecl-inpage-navigation-list" aria-expanded="false"><span class="ecl-inpage-navigation__trigger-current" data-ecl-inpage-navigation-trigger-current="true">Page contents</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-inpage-navigation__trigger-icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="false" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></button></div><ul class="ecl-inpage-navigation__list" data-ecl-inpage-navigation-list="true" id="ecl-inpage-navigation-179449257-list"></ul></div></nav> </div> <div class="ecl-col-l-9" data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2, div.ecl-featured-item__heading"> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_1313"></a> <div> <div class="ecl"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">About Europa Analytics</h2> </div> <div class="ecl"><p>Europa Analytics is the corporate service that monitors and evaluates the effectiveness and efficiency of the European Commission's websites on Europa.</p><p>Both the infrastructure and software are under the full control of the European Commission and comply with the current EU data protection legislation.</p><p>Europa Analytics' privacy protection has been validated by the Data Protection Officer of the European Commission</p><p>Europa Analytics is maintained by the Commission’s Directorate-General for Digital Services and is provided as a service to website owners across the European Commission to ensure that our online communication is targeted, relevant and cost-efficient.</p><p>The service is present on Commission owned websites and pages under the europa.eu domain and its subdomains, but is implemented mainly on the main Commission subdomain ec.europa.eu.</p><p>The European Commission manages the <a href="https://europa.eu/european-union/" class="ecl-link">inter-institutional website</a> (top-level pages of the europa.eu domain) on behalf of all the EU institutions. The Europa Analytics service is also present on the top pages of the europa.eu website but requires separate consent. The privacy policy for the inter-institutional website is available <a href="https://europa.eu/european-union/abouteuropa/privacy-policy_en" class="ecl-link">here</a>.</p><p>EU institutions and bodies other than the European Commission currently use their own analytics systems. Visit their legal notice pages for more information.</p><p><a href="/legal-notice_en" class="ecl-link">The European Commission's legal notice</a></p></div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_32324"></a> <div> <div class="ecl"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Data protection Information and measures</h2> </div> <div class="ecl"><p><strong>First party cookies</strong></p><p>Europa Analytics is configured to use the domain europa.eu (used by European institutions' websites) and to store first-party cookies that expire and will be automatically removed from the user’s device after 13 months.</p><p>A cookie is a small piece of data that a website stores on the visitor’s computer or mobile device. There are two types of cookies – session and persistent cookies.</p><p>Read more about our cookies <a href="/cookies-policy_en" class="ecl-link">here</a></p><p>Cookies used by Europa Analytics enable the European Commission to collect the following information about visitors that is used to prepare aggregated, anonymous statistics reports of visitors’ activity</p><ul><li>internet protocol (IP) address (anonymised)</li><li>location: country, region, city, approximate latitude and longitude (geolocation)</li><li>date and time of the request (visit to the site)</li><li>title of the page being viewed (page title)</li><li>URL of the page being viewed (page URL)</li><li>URL of the page that was viewed prior to the current page (referrer URL)</li><li>screen resolution of the user's device</li><li>local time in visitor's time zone</li><li>files that were clicked and downloaded (download)</li><li>links to an outside domain that were clicked (outlink)</li><li>page generation time: the time it takes for webpages to be generated by the webserver and then downloaded by the visitor (page speed)</li><li>main language of the browser being used (accept language header)</li><li>browser version, browser plugins (PDF, Flash, Java) operating system version, device identifier (user agent header)</li><li>language of the visited page</li><li>campaigns</li><li>site search</li><li>events</li></ul><p>To improve the accuracy of the reports, certain information is also stored in first party cookies and then collected by Europa Analytics:</p><ul><li>random unique visitor ID</li><li>time of the first visit by the specific visitor</li><li>time of the previous visit by the specific visitor</li><li>number of visits by the specific visitor</li></ul><p>The European Commission retains full responsibility and control of the data collected through first party cookies by storing the data in servers fully controlled by the European Commission.</p><p>The data collected contains no personal information and the random unique visitor ID that is generated by the software cannot be used to identify a particular visitor. Data will not be shared with any other organisations for marketing, market research or commercial purposes.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_32325"></a> <div> <div class="ecl"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">'Do not track' preference</h2> </div> <div class="ecl"><p>“Do Not Track” is a technology that enables visitors to opt-out from being tracked by websites for whatever purpose, including the use of analytics services, advertising networks and social platforms.</p><p>To enable the “do not track” option in your browser follow the respective link below:</p><ul><li><a href="https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/how-do-i-turn-do-not-track-feature" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after ecl-link"><span class="ecl-link__label">Firefox</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/17288/windows-internet-explorer-11-use-do-not-track" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after ecl-link"><span class="ecl-link__label">Internet Explorer</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-gb/help/4468242/microsoft-edge-browsing-data-and-privacy-microsoft-privacy" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after ecl-link"><span class="ecl-link__label">Microsoft Edge</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/114836?hl=en-GB&ref_topic=3421433" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after ecl-link"><span class="ecl-link__label">Chrome</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://support.apple.com/en-gb/guide/safari/prevent-websites-from-tracking-you-sfri40732/mac#ibrw88300566" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after ecl-link"><span class="ecl-link__label">Safari</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://help.opera.com/en/presto/be-safe-and-private/#notrack" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after ecl-link"><span class="ecl-link__label">Opera</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a></li></ul><p>If your preferred browser is not in the above list of browsers, visit the vendor's website for more information.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_32326"></a> <div> <div class="ecl"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Consent to collecting your browsing experience for anonymized statistics</h2> </div> <div class="ecl"><p>When opening a page where Europa Analytics is enabled, the browsing experience is registered by the service. Simultaneously a dedicated banner may appear, giving you the possibility to accept or refuse cookies.</p><p>If you refuse cookies, you will also stop the Europa Analytics service. If you choose, though, to contribute your browsing experience on our websites as part of the anonymous statistics, you will enable us to significantly improve the performance of our communication, its outreach and its cost-efficiency.</p><p>If you have enabled the “Do not track” option in your web browser, we will respect your choice and your browsing experience on the Commission websites will not be processed by the service.</p><p>Choosing not to participate to the anonymised statistics of Europa Analytics does not affect your navigation experience on our sites. You can decide to withdraw or give your consent at any time. To see your current status and manage your consent, please check the corresponding box below:</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_33680"></a> <div> <div class="ecl"><article> <div><script src="https://europa.eu/webassets/commission.europa.eu/resources/jsassets/webtools-eaoptout.js"></script> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_32327"></a> <div> <div class="ecl"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Restricted access to information</h2> </div> <div class="ecl"><p>All analytics data communication is encrypted via HTTPS protocol. The anonymised analytical reports generated by Europa Analytics can only be accessed through the European Commission Authentication System (ECAS) by the European institution staff or by duly authorised external sub-contractors, who may be required to analyse, develop and/or maintain certain sites.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_32328"></a> <div> <div class="ecl"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Masking of visitors' IP addresses</h2> </div> <div class="ecl"><p>Europa Analytics uses an IP de-identification mechanism that automatically masks a portion of each visitor's IP address, effectively making it impossible to identify a particular Europa visitor via the IP address.</p><p>Note that for statistical purposes the city and country of origin are determined from the full IP address, then stored and aggregated before the anonymisation mask is applied.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_32329"></a> <div> <div class="ecl"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Visitor logs</h2> </div> <div class="ecl"><p>Europa Analytics automatically deletes the anonymous unaggregated data after 13 months.</p><p>Anonymous and aggregated data are stored for an indefinite period by the European Commission for analysis purposes.</p></div> </div> </div> <div> <a id="paragraph_32330"></a> <div> <div class="ecl"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Contact</h2> </div> <div class="ecl"><p>Any specific question concerning the storage and use of Europa Analytics data can be sent via the <a href="https://europa.eu/european-union/contact/mailbox_en" class="ecl-link">contact form</a> on europa.eu</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="related-links"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Related links</h2> <div class="ecl-list"> <div class="ecl-content-item-block"><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-6 last-item-column last-item"><article 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