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Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Reform
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href="/unodc/en/index.html">Topics</a></li><li><a href="/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/cpcj-home.html">Crime prevention and criminal justice</a></li></ul></div><div class="my-5 container"><div role="alert" class="align-middle text-center text-danger alert alert-danger p-5"><h2>Sorry, the browser you are using is not fully supported by our site.</h2><p class="my-3">Please consider using Chrome, Edge, Safari or Firefox.</p></div></div><div id="content-container" class="container-fluid px-0"><!DOCTYPE HTML><div class="container mx-auto mt-0"> <div class=" row"> <div class="col-lg-12"> <h1 class="site-label ">Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Reform</h1> <div class="image-container"><img src="/images/criminal_justice/SDG_DOA_logo_Horizontal-1024x124.png" class="img-fluid" alt="" title=""></div> </div> </div> </div><div class="container mx-auto mt-0"> <div class=" row"> <div class="col-lg-12"> <h3 class="site-label ">Introduction</h3><div style="text-align: justify;">Crime prevention and criminal justice strategies must be gender responsive, human rights-compliant and respect the rule of law. As the guardian of the United Nations standards and norms in crime prevention and criminal justice, which promote and protect human rights in the administration of justice, UNODC through its Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Section (Division for Treaty Affairs) aims to help reduce crime, to ensure the operation of fair, effective, inclusive, transparent and accountable criminal justice institutions, and to promote equal access to justice for all. A brochure on the work of the Section can be found <a href="https://www.unodc.org/documents/justice-and-prison-reform/230526_CPCJ_Flyer_FINAL_WEB.pdf">here</a>.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;">The Global Programme on People-centred Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Reform (GLOJS8) is managed by the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Section and constitutes the main vehicle to support Member States to prevent crime and strengthen capacities of criminal justice systems in alignment with international standards and human rights; to operate more effectively within the framework of the rule of law while applying a gender perspective and paying particular attention to groups facing structural impediments.</div> <h3 class="site-label ">Holistic Approach</h3><p style="text-align: justify;">The Global Programme recognises that people in contact with criminal justice systems are often in vulnerable situations or belong to groups that have specific rights and needs in the criminal justice system and seeks to promote people-centred and human rights-based responses to crime, that are effective in securing public safety. It supports efforts to achieve targets under several of the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular SDG 16.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"> </p> <ul> <li><span style="color: #08acec;"><a href="https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/access-to-justice-for-all.html"><span style="color: #08acec;"><strong>Access to Justice</strong></span></a></span></li> <li><strong>Evidence-based Crime Prevention</strong></li> <li><strong>Violence Against Children and Gender-responsive Justice</strong></li> <li><strong>Violence Against Children and Justice for Children</strong></li> <li><a href="https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/cpcj-prison-reform.html"><strong>Prison and Penal Reform</strong></a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div><div class="container mx-auto mt-0"> <div class=" row my-4"> <div class="col-lg-12"> <div class="image-container"><a class="image-link" href="https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/"><img src="/res/justice-and-prison-reform/cpcj-home_html/SDG_JS.JPG" class="img-fluid" alt="" title=""></a></div> </div> </div> </div><div class="container mx-auto mt-0"> <div class=" row"> <div class="col-lg-12"> <h3 class="site-label ">UN Standards and Norms in Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice</h3><p style="text-align: justify;">The work of UNODC in crime prevention and criminal justice reform is guided by the UN standards and norms on crime prevention and criminal justice. The UN standards and norms are sets of rules, principles, and guidelines relating to different aspects of criminal justice, such as responding to violence against women, protecting the rights of children, and prison reform. Most of the UN standards and norms are adopted through General Assembly or Economic and Social Council resolutions.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">The Compendium of UN standards and norms in crime prevention and criminal justice is available for download in: <a href="http://www.unodc.org/documents/justice-and-prison-reform/compendium/A_Ebook.pdf">Arabic</a>, <a href="http://www.unodc.org/pdf/criminal_justice/Compendium_UN_Standards_and_Norms_CP_and_CJ_Chinese.pdf">Chinese</a>, <span style="color: #00adef;"><a href="http://www.unodc.org/documents/justice-and-prison-reform/compendium/English_book.pdf"><span style="color: #00adef;">English</span></a></span>, <a href="http://www.unodc.org/documents/justice-and-prison-reform/compendium/F_Ebook.pdf">French</a>, <a href="http://www.unodc.org/documents/justice-and-prison-reform/compendium/S_Ebook.pdf">Spanish</a> and <a href="http://www.unodc.org/documents/justice-and-prison-reform/compendium/R_ebook.pdf">Russian</a>.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Recent reports of the Secretary-General on the use and application of UN standards and norms in crime prevention and criminal justice are also available for download: <span style="color: #00adef;"><a href="http://www.unodc.org/pdf/criminal_justice/Report_on_use_and_application_of_UN_standards_and_norms_2011.pdf"><span style="color: #00adef;">2011</span></a>, <a href="http://www.unodc.org/documents/justice-and-prison-reform/2012_Use_applications_of_UN_Standards_Norms_in_CPCJ.pdf"><span style="color: #00adef;">2012</span></a>, <a href="http://www.unodc.org/documents/justice-and-prison-reform/Report_on_Standards_and_Norms_CCPCJ_22_Session.pdf"><span style="color: #00adef;">2013</span></a>, <a href="https://www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CCPCJ/CCPCJ_Sessions/CCPCJ_23/_E-CN15-2014-11/E-CN15-2014-11_E.pdf"><span style="color: #00adef;">2014</span></a>, <a href="http://www.un.org/Docs/journal/asp/ws.asp?m=E/CN.15/2015/8"><span style="color: #00adef;">2015</span></a>, <a href="http://www.un.org/Docs/journal/asp/ws.asp?m=E/CN.15/2016/9"><span style="color: #00adef;">2016</span></a>, <a href="https://undocs.org/E/CN.15/2017/9"><span style="color: #00adef;">2017</span></a>, <a href="https://undocs.org/E/CN.15/2018/9"><span style="color: #00adef;">2018</span></a>, </span><span style="color: #00adef;"><a href="https://undocs.org/E/CN.15/2019/9">2019</a>, <a href="https://undocs.org/E/CN.15/2020/10">2020</a> , <a href="https://undocs.org/E/CN.15/2021/9">2021</a>, </span><a href="https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=E%2FCN.15%2F2022%2F9&Language=E&DeviceType=Desktop&LangRequested=False">2022</a></p> <p> <a href="/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/cpcj-model-strategies-on-reducing-reoffending.html">Development of draft model strategies on reducing reoffending</a></p></div> </div> </div><div class="container mx-auto mt-0"> <div class=" row"> <div class="col-lg-12"> <h3 class="site-label ">CONTACT</h3><p>For more information on UNODC’s work on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, please consult UNODC website: <a href="http://www.unodc.org/">www.unodc.org</a>. You can also email us at unodc@un.org.</p></div> </div> </div><div class="container mx-auto mt-0"> <div class=" row"> <div class="col-lg-12"> <section class="jumbo__container" data-background-color="WhiteSmoke" style="min-height:400px;"> <div class="jumbo__background"> <div></div> </div> <div class="jumbo__content default px-md-5"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="card card-block card-std" style="background-color:WhiteSmoke;color:WhiteSmoke;height:auto"> <div class="card-body" style="overflow:hidden"></div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class=" row "> <div class="col-lg-12"> <div class="card card-block card-std" style="background-color:WhiteSmoke"> <div class="card-body text-align--start"> <h6 class="site-label "><a href="/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/cpcj-home.html">Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Reform Sitemap</a></h6> <div class="container mx-auto mt-0"> <div class=" row"> <div class="col-lg-4"> <ul class="site-link-list "> <li class=""><a href="/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/cpcj-home.html">• Home</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/cpcj-crimeprevention-home.html">• Crime Prevention</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/cpcj-police-reform.html">• Police Reform</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/legal-aid.html">• Access to Legal Aid</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/cpcj-victims.html">• Victim Support</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/cpcj-gender.html">• Gender in the Criminal Justice System</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/cpcj-justice-for-children.html">• Justice for Children</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/cpcj-restorative-justice.html">• Restorative Justice</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/cpcj-alternatives-to-imprisonment.html">• Alternatives to Imprisonment</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/cpcj-prison-reform.html">• Prison Reform</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-lg-4"> <ul class="site-link-list "> <li class=""><a href="/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/new-gender-in-the-justice-system-vaw.html">• Global Programme on Strengthening Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Responses to Violence against Women</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/endvac.html">• Global Programme to End Violence Against Children</a></li> <li class=""><a href="/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/cpcj-gloz85.html">• Global Prison Challenges Programme</a></li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.unodc.org/dohadeclaration/?lf_id=">• Implementation of the Doha Declaration:towards the promotion of a culture of lawfulness</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-lg-4"> <ul class="site-link-list "> <li class=""><a href="/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/cpcj-tools.html">• Tools and 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