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Lina Khan - Wikipedia
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id="toc-Chair_of_the_FTC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chair_of_the_FTC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Chair of the FTC</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Chair_of_the_FTC-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Chair of the FTC subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Chair_of_the_FTC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agency_morale_under_Khan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agency_morale_under_Khan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Agency morale under Khan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agency_morale_under_Khan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_and_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_and_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy and influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لينا خان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لينا خان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="লিনা খান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিনা খান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lina_Khan" title="Lina Khan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lina Khan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lina_Khan" title="Lina Khan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lina Khan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lina_Khan" title="Lina Khan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lina Khan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لینا خان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لینا خان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lina_Khan" title="Lina Khan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lina Khan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lina_Khan" title="Lina Khan – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lina Khan" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EB%82%98_%EC%B9%B8" title="리나 칸 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리나 칸" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lina_Khan" title="Lina Khan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lina Khan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9F" title="לינה קאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לינה קאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لينا خان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لينا خان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lina_Khan" title="Lina Khan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lina Khan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="リナ・カーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リナ・カーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lina_Khan" title="Lina Khan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lina Khan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="లీనా ఖాన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లీనా ఖాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لینا خان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لینا خان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q56523534#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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.hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For Indo-Canadian film director, see <a href="/wiki/Lena_Khan" title="Lena Khan">Lena Khan</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Lina Khan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lina_Khan,_FTC_Chair_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Lina_Khan%2C_FTC_Chair_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Lina_Khan%2C_FTC_Chair_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Lina_Khan%2C_FTC_Chair_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Lina_Khan%2C_FTC_Chair_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Lina_Khan%2C_FTC_Chair_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Lina_Khan%2C_FTC_Chair_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1780" data-file-height="2374" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 2021</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chairs_of_the_Federal_Trade_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="List of chairs of the Federal Trade Commission">Chair of the Federal Trade Commission</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />June 15, 2021</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Slaughter" title="Rebecca Slaughter">Rebecca Slaughter</a> (acting)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Commissioner of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />June 15, 2021</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Simons" title="Joseph Simons">Joseph Simons</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1989-03-03</span>) </span>March 3, 1989<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 35)</span><br />London, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">American</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Shah Rukh Ali</div> <div style="display:inline-block;">​</div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2018)<wbr />​</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lina_Khan_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lina Khan's signature"><img alt="Lina Khan signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lina_Khan_signature.svg/128px-Lina_Khan_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lina_Khan_signature.svg/192px-Lina_Khan_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lina_Khan_signature.svg/256px-Lina_Khan_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="65" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Lina M. Khan</b> (born March 3, 1989) is a British-born American legal scholar who has served as chair of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> (FTC) since 2021. She is also an <a href="/wiki/Associate_professor" title="Associate professor">associate professor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Legal_education" title="Legal education">law</a> at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Law_School" title="Columbia Law School">Columbia Law School</a>. </p><p>While a student at <a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_School" title="Yale Law School">Yale Law School</a>, she became known for her work in antitrust and <a href="/wiki/Competition_law" title="Competition law">competition law</a> <a href="/wiki/Antitrust_law_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitrust law in the United States">in the United States</a> after publishing the influential essay "Amazon's Antitrust Paradox".<sup id="cite_ref-amazons-antitrust-paradox_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amazons-antitrust-paradox-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> nominated Khan to the FTC in March 2021, and after her confirmation she became the youngest FTC chair ever in June 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-FTC_Appointment_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FTC_Appointment-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lina_Khan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Khan was born on March 3, 1989, in London, to a <a href="/wiki/British_Pakistanis" title="British Pakistanis">British family of Pakistani origin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_7_September_20182_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_7_September_20182-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khan grew up in <a href="/wiki/Golders_Green" title="Golders Green">Golders Green</a> in the <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Barnet" title="London Borough of Barnet">London Borough of Barnet</a>. Her parents, a management consultant and an employee of <a href="/wiki/Thomson_Reuters" title="Thomson Reuters">Thomson Reuters</a>, moved to the United States when she was 11 years old. The family settled in <a href="/wiki/Mamaroneck,_New_York" title="Mamaroneck, New York">Mamaroneck, New York</a>, where she and her two siblings attended public school.<sup id="cite_ref-NewYorker20212_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewYorker20212-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At <a href="/wiki/Mamaroneck_High_School" title="Mamaroneck High School">Mamaroneck High School</a>, Khan was involved in the student newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After high school, Khan studied <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a> at <a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>. She was also an undergraduate visiting student at <a href="/wiki/Exeter_College,_Oxford" title="Exeter College, Oxford">Exeter College, Oxford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khan served as editor of the Williams College student newspaper and wrote her senior thesis on <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Hannah Arendt</a>. She graduated in 2010 with a Bachelor of Arts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advocacy_and_academic_career">Advocacy and academic career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lina_Khan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Advocacy and academic career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 2010 to 2014, Khan worked at the <a href="/wiki/New_America_(organization)" title="New America (organization)">New America Foundation</a>, where she engaged in anti-monopoly research and writing for <a href="/wiki/Barry_C._Lynn" title="Barry C. Lynn">Barry Lynn</a> at the Open Markets Program.<sup id="cite_ref-NewYorker20212_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewYorker20212-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lynn was looking for a researcher without a background in economics, and he began critiquing market consolidation with Khan's help.<sup id="cite_ref-NewYorker20212_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewYorker20212-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of her work at the Open Markets Institute, Khan was offered a reporting position at <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>, where she would have covered commodities. During the same period, Khan was offered admission into <a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_School" title="Yale Law School">Yale Law School</a>. Describing it as "a real 'choose the path' moment", Khan ultimately chose to enroll at Yale.<sup id="cite_ref-NewYorker20212_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewYorker20212-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Khan served as a submissions editor for the <i><a href="/wiki/Yale_Journal_on_Regulation" title="Yale Journal on Regulation">Yale Journal on Regulation</a></i>. She went on to graduate from Yale in 2017 with a <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">Juris Doctor</a> degree.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_7_September_20182_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_7_September_20182-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Amazon's_Antitrust_Paradox""><span id=".22Amazon.27s_Antitrust_Paradox.22"></span>"Amazon's Antitrust Paradox"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lina_Khan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: "Amazon's Antitrust Paradox""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lina_Khan_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Lina_Khan_2016.jpg/220px-Lina_Khan_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Lina_Khan_2016.jpg/330px-Lina_Khan_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Lina_Khan_2016.jpg/440px-Lina_Khan_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a><figcaption>Khan in 2016, speaking on a panel about <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_antitrust_law" title="United States antitrust law">antitrust law</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2017, during her third year at Yale Law School, the <i><a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale Law Journal">Yale Law Journal</a></i> published Khan's student article "Amazon's Antitrust Paradox".<sup id="cite_ref-amazons-antitrust-paradox2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amazons-antitrust-paradox2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The article made a significant impact in American legal and business circles, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> described it as "reframing decades of monopoly law".<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_7_September_20182_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_7_September_20182-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the article, Khan argued that the current American antitrust law framework, which focuses on keeping consumer prices down, cannot account for the anticompetitive effects of platform-based business models such as that of <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>. The title of Khan's piece was a reference to <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork" title="Robert Bork">Robert Bork</a>'s 1978 book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Antitrust_Paradox" title="The Antitrust Paradox">The Antitrust Paradox</a></i>, which established the consumer-welfare standard that Khan critiqued.<sup id="cite_ref-NewYorker20212_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewYorker20212-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She proposed alternative frameworks for antitrust policy, including "restoring traditional antitrust and competition policy principles or applying <a href="/wiki/Common_carrier" title="Common carrier">common carrier</a> obligations and duties."<sup id="cite_ref-amazons-antitrust-paradox2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amazons-antitrust-paradox2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NewYorker20212_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewYorker20212-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For "Amazon's Antitrust Paradox", Khan won the Antitrust Writing Award for "Best Academic Unilateral Conduct Article" in 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-:02_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Israel H. Peres Prize by Yale Law School,<sup id="cite_ref-:02_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Michael Egger Prize from the <i>Yale Law Journal</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reception">Reception</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lina_Khan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The article was met with both acclaim and criticism. As of September 2018, it received 146,255 hits, "a runaway best-seller in the world of legal treatises," according to <i>The New York Times</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_7_September_20182_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_7_September_20182-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Makan_Delrahim" title="Makan Delrahim">Makan Delrahim</a>, then serving as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Assistant_Attorney_General" title="United States Assistant Attorney General">Assistant Attorney General</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Antitrust_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitrust Division">Antitrust Division</a> under <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, praised Khan for her "fresh thinking on how our legal tools apply to new digital platforms".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Joshua_D._Wright" title="Joshua D. Wright">Joshua Wright</a>, who served on the FTC from 2013 to 2015, derided her work as "<a href="/wiki/Hipster_Antitrust" class="mw-redirect" title="Hipster Antitrust">hipster antitrust</a>" and argued it "reveal[ed] a profound lack of understanding of the consumer welfare model and the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_reason" title="Rule of reason">rule of reason</a> framework."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hovenkamp" title="Herbert Hovenkamp">Herbert Hovenkamp</a> wrote that Khan's claims are "technically undisciplined, untestable, and even incoherent", and that her work "never explains how a nonmanufacturing retailer such as Amazon could ever recover its investment in below cost pricing by later raising prices, and even disputes that raising prices to higher levels ever needs to be a part of the strategy, thus indicating that it is confusing predation with investment."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Open_Markets_Institute_and_Columbia_Law_School">Open Markets Institute and Columbia Law School</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lina_Khan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Open Markets Institute and Columbia Law School"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After graduating from law school, Khan worked as legal director at the Open Markets Institute. The institute split from <a href="/wiki/New_America_(organization)" title="New America (organization)">New America</a> after Khan and her team criticized Google's market power, prompting pressure from Google, a funder of New America.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Atlantic_12_June_20182_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Atlantic_12_June_20182-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During her time at OMI, Khan met with Senator <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> to discuss anti-monopolistic policy ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially planning to clerk for <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Reinhardt" title="Stephen Reinhardt">Judge Stephen Reinhardt</a> on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit">Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals</a>, Khan joined <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Law_School" title="Columbia Law School">Columbia Law School</a> as an academic fellow, where she pursued research and scholarship on antitrust law and competition policy, especially relating to digital platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She published “The Separation of Platforms and Commerce” in the <i><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Law_Review" title="Columbia Law Review">Columbia Law Review</a></i>, making the case for structural separations that prohibit dominant intermediaries from entering lines of business that place them in direct competition with the businesses dependent on their networks.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2020, Khan joined the school's faculty as an associate professor of law.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Khan has described herself as belonging to the <a href="/wiki/New_Brandeis_movement" title="New Brandeis movement">New Brandeis movement</a>, a political movement that seeks a revival in antitrust enforcement.<sup id="cite_ref-khan2018_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khan2018-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_government_service">Early government service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lina_Khan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Early government service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018, Khan worked as a legal fellow at the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> in the office of Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Rohit_Chopra" title="Rohit Chopra">Rohit Chopra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, she began serving as counsel to the House Judiciary Committee's <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Judiciary_Subcommittee_on_Antitrust,_Commercial_and_Administrative_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on Antitrust, Commercial and Administrative Law">Subcommittee on Antitrust, Commercial, and Administrative Law</a>, where she led the congressional investigation into digital markets.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chair_of_the_FTC">Chair of the FTC</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lina_Khan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Chair of the FTC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission#Biden_administration" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission § Biden administration</a></div> <p>On March 22, 2021, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> announced that he was nominating Khan to be a commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission to a term ending September 26, 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-FTC_Appointment_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FTC_Appointment-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 15, 2021, her nomination was confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/US_senate" class="mw-redirect" title="US senate">Senate</a> by a vote of 69 to 28.<sup id="cite_ref-FTC_Appointment_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FTC_Appointment-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khan was confirmed with bipartisan support, mainly attributed to her "influential anti-Amazon views" being widely reflected in Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biden then appointed her chairperson of the FTC.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon taking office, Khan became the third <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian-American</a> to serve on the FTC, after <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Yao" title="Dennis Yao">Dennis Yao</a> (who served from 1991 to 1994) and her former boss <a href="/wiki/Rohit_Chopra" title="Rohit Chopra">Rohit Chopra</a> (who served from 2018 to 2021).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following her appointment as chairperson, both <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Facebook<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> filed petitions with the FTC seeking her <a href="/wiki/Recusal" title="Recusal">recusal</a> from investigations of the companies, suggesting that her past criticism of the companies left her unable to be impartial. However, according to legal scholar <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleanor Fox">Eleanor Fox</a>, the standard for recusal is very high and unlikely to be met for Khan.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senator <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> and other supporters of Khan argued that the recusal demands amount to an attempt by these companies to intimidate Khan in order to curtail regulatory scrutiny.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to leaked documents, the FTC's Designated Agency Ethics Official (DAEO), Lorielle Pankey, did not believe Khan had violated any ethical standards,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but still recommended that she recuse herself from the case with <a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta Platforms</a> to avoid the appearance of bias; this recommendation was rejected by Khan and the FTC.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official who made the recommendation was later revealed to have owned Meta stock at that time, prompting concerns about Pankey's own conduct.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, Khan and the FTC released a unanimous statement in support of Pankey.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier in February 2023, Republican FTC Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Christine_S._Wilson" title="Christine S. Wilson">Christine Wilson</a> announced her plan to resign from the agency citing her opposition to Khan's leadership, including her refusal to recuse from the FTC lawsuit against Meta.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2023, Republicans had her testify before the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States House Committee on the Judiciary">House of Representatives Judiciary Committee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Democrats on the committee defended Khan and the actions of the agency, arguing that she was taking steps that protected user privacy.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2024, the FTC issued a landmark regulation that banned the enforcement of existing non-compete agreements on employees other than senior executives, and prohibited new non-compete agreements against all categories of employees. The non-compete regulation was struck down in August 2024 by a federal court, which ruled that it was an overreach of statutory authority on the part of the FTC to issue such a regulation and that the regulation was arbitrary and capricious.<sup id="cite_ref-WSJaug20_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJaug20-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Khan has been outspoken about potential perils from business monopolies<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and expanding anti-trust regulation and enforcement<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among merger filings, of which only two percent receive added scrutiny.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Khan's leadership, the FTC voted unanimously, in 2021, to enforce the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_repair" title="Right to repair">right to repair</a> as policy and to consider action against companies that limit the type of repair work that can be done at independent repair shops;<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has pursued lawsuits against companies to lower drug prices,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including for insulin<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and inhalers;<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and adopted the "click to cancel" rule, in 2024, for consumers to efficiently end subscription services.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under Khan, the FTC had a mixed record in its attempts to block mergers and acquisitions. Through December 2023, the FTC lost a number of major merger challenges resolved in court, including against Meta, Microsoft, <a href="/wiki/Amgen" title="Amgen">Amgen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Altria" title="Altria">Altria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-yaleinsights_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yaleinsights-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wsjJuly12_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsjJuly12-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2023, the FTC successfully blocked <a href="/wiki/Illumina,_Inc." title="Illumina, Inc.">Illumina</a>'s acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Grail_(company)" title="Grail (company)">Grail</a> in December, after a three-year legal battle.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Khan's litigation has led to some businesses dropping attempted mergers and acquisitions, such as <a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a>'s attempted acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Arm_Holdings" title="Arm Holdings">Arm Holdings</a> in 2022 and a 2024 merger involving <a href="/wiki/Novant_Health" title="Novant Health">Novant Health</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khan and her supporters have pointed to these abandoned deals as enforcement victories, without the need for judicial decision.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-yaleinsights_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yaleinsights-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other attempted mergers have also been held up by the FTC's regulatory delays, such as <a href="/wiki/Proposed_acquisition_of_Albertsons_by_Kroger" title="Proposed acquisition of Albertsons by Kroger">Kroger's attempt to merge with Albertsons</a>, which the FTC later sought to block outright.<sup id="cite_ref-yaleinsights_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yaleinsights-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2023 Congressional hearing, Khan denied accusations that she brought cases that she expected to lose, but acknowledged risks in her aggressive approach in opposing mergers.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agency_morale_under_Khan">Agency morale under Khan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lina_Khan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Agency morale under Khan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under Khan, FTC employees reported declines in metrics such as employee satisfaction and faith in leadership, according to data from the 2021 and 2022 Federal Employee Viewpoint Surveys conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Personnel_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Personnel Management">Office of Personnel Management</a>. Prior to Khan's tenure, the FTC consistently ranked at the top of federal agencies in workplace rankings in both Democratic and Republican administrations. 94.3% of FTC staff had favorable views of senior leadership in 2020, declining to 51.7% in 2021, and to 46.6% in 2022. After Khan's appointment, the FTC switched from ranking first in favorable views of senior leadership among federal agencies to first in unfavorable views.<sup id="cite_ref-sinkingjuly13_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sinkingjuly13-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-agencyapril27_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agencyapril27-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nymag1_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nymag1-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>FTC officials have attributed the decline in employee satisfaction under Khan to a lack of a clear strategy on achieving objectives, a lack of knowledge on agency operations, and disrespect and sidelining of career staff. One of Khan's first acts at the FTC, a ban on public speaking for FTC staff, was widely unpopular with employees and retracted in 2022 with an apology.<sup id="cite_ref-nymag1_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nymag1-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Khan said it was a priority to improve staff morale following the initial Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey results during congressional testimony in July, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Improvements in employee satisfaction were measured in 2023, reclaiming over half of its decline in morale since 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_influence">Legacy and influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lina_Khan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy and influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018 <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i> described Khan as "a leader of a new school of antitrust thought" as part of its "<i>Politico</i> 50" list of influential thinkers.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)"><i>New York</i> magazine</a> said she was "indisputably the most powerful figure in the anti-monopoly vanguard".<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was also listed as one of <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a></i>'s "Global Thinkers,"<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Prospect_(magazine)" title="Prospect (magazine)"><i>Prospect</i>'s</a> "Top 50 Thinkers,"<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i>'s WIRED25,<sup id="cite_ref-Wired_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wired-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <i><a href="/wiki/National_Journal" title="National Journal">National Journal</a></i> 50,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Washingtonian_(magazine)" title="Washingtonian (magazine)"><i>Washingtonian</i></a>'s list of most influential women,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)"><i>Time</i>'s</a> "<a href="/wiki/Time_Next_Generation_Leaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Next Generation Leaders">Next Generation Leaders</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Semuels_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Semuels-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Khan's practices at the FTC have been met with bipartisan praise as well as some criticism. Ankush Khadori of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)"><i>New York</i></a> wrote in December 2023 that failed lawsuits against Meta and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> led to reduced morale and high attrition among FTC employees.<sup id="cite_ref-nymag1_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nymag1-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Khan has gained praise for her tactics from members of both the Democratic and Republican parties. <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> Senator and <a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2024 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">2024 Republican Vice Presidential nominee,</a> <a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">JD Vance</a> from Ohio cited Khan's campaigns against large technology companies as a success for antitrust efforts in the US, beliefs echoed by former Democratic representative <a href="/wiki/David_Cicilline" title="David Cicilline">David Cicilline</a>, who expressed his confidence that Khan would ultimately prevail against large companies.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former colleague <a href="/wiki/Matt_Stoller" title="Matt Stoller">Matt Stoller</a> described Khan as the best chair the FTC has ever had.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lina_Khan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Khan was born in London to Pakistani parents who immigrated to the United States in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_7_September_20182_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_7_September_20182-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is married to Shah Rukh Ali, a <a href="/wiki/Cardiologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiologist">cardiologist</a> at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_7_September_20182_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_7_September_20182-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2023, Khan gave birth to her first child.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lina_Khan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKhan2017" class="citation journal cs1">Khan, Lina M. (January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yalelawjournal.org/note/amazons-antitrust-paradox">"Amazon's Antitrust Paradox"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale Law Journal">Yale Law Journal</a></i>. <b>126</b> (3): 710–805. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210423043756/https://www.yalelawjournal.org/note/amazons-antitrust-paradox">Archived</a> from the original on April 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yale+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=Amazon%27s+Antitrust+Paradox&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=710-805&rft.date=2017-01&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Lina+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yalelawjournal.org%2Fnote%2Famazons-antitrust-paradox&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALina+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2018" class="citation journal cs1">Khan, Lina (March 1, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjeclap%2Flpy020">"The New Brandeis Movement: America's Antimonopoly Debate"</a>. <i>Journal of European Competition Law & Practice</i>. <b>9</b> (3): 131–132. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjeclap%2Flpy020">10.1093/jeclap/lpy020</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+European+Competition+Law+%26+Practice&rft.atitle=The+New+Brandeis+Movement%3A+America%27s+Antimonopoly+Debate&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=131-132&rft.date=2018-03-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjeclap%2Flpy020&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Lina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fjeclap%252Flpy020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALina+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2018" class="citation journal cs1">Khan, Lina (June 4, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yalelawjournal.org/forum/the-ideological-roots-of-americas-market-power-problem">"The Ideological Roots of America's Market Power Problem"</a>. <i>The Yale Law Journal Forum</i>. <b>127</b>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210420225655/https://www.yalelawjournal.org/forum/the-ideological-roots-of-americas-market-power-problem">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Yale+Law+Journal+Forum&rft.atitle=The+Ideological+Roots+of+America%27s+Market+Power+Problem&rft.volume=127&rft.date=2018-06-04&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Lina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yalelawjournal.org%2Fforum%2Fthe-ideological-roots-of-americas-market-power-problem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALina+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2018" class="citation journal cs1">Khan, Lina (July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgetownlawtechreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/2.2-Khan-pp-225-34.pdf">"Download Sources of Tech Platform Power"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Georgetown_Law_Technology_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgetown Law Technology Review">Georgetown Law Technology Review</a></i>. <b>2</b>: 325–334.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Georgetown+Law+Technology+Review&rft.atitle=Download+Sources+of+Tech+Platform+Power&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=325-334&rft.date=2018-07&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Lina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeorgetownlawtechreview.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F07%2F2.2-Khan-pp-225-34.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALina+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2019" class="citation journal cs1">Khan, Lina (May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://columbialawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Khan-THE_SEPARATION_OF_PLATFORMS_AND_COMMERCE-1.pdf">"The Separation of Platforms and Commerce"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Law_Review" title="Columbia Law Review">Columbia Law Review</a></i>. <b>119</b> (4): 973–1098. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210310170653/https://columbialawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Khan-THE_SEPARATION_OF_PLATFORMS_AND_COMMERCE-1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 10, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Columbia+Law+Review&rft.atitle=The+Separation+of+Platforms+and+Commerce&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=973-1098&rft.date=2019-05&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Lina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcolumbialawreview.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F05%2FKhan-THE_SEPARATION_OF_PLATFORMS_AND_COMMERCE-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALina+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2019" class="citation journal cs1">Khan, Lina (July 2019). "Competition Issues in Digital Markets". <i>Competition Law & Policy Debate</i>. <b>5</b> (2): 66–70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4337%2Fclpd.2019.02.09">10.4337/clpd.2019.02.09</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2405-481X">2405-481X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Competition+Law+%26+Policy+Debate&rft.atitle=Competition+Issues+in+Digital+Markets&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=66-70&rft.date=2019-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4337%2Fclpd.2019.02.09&rft.issn=2405-481X&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Lina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALina+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2019" class="citation journal cs1">Khan, Lina (Winter 2019). "Comment on Daniel A. Crane: A Premature Postmortem on the Chicago School of Antitrust". <i><a href="/wiki/Business_History_Review" title="Business History Review">Business History Review</a></i>. <b>93</b> (4): 777–779. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS000768051900151X">10.1017/S000768051900151X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:214322820">214322820</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+History+Review&rft.atitle=Comment+on+Daniel+A.+Crane%3A+A+Premature+Postmortem+on+the+Chicago+School+of+Antitrust&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=777-779&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS000768051900151X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A214322820%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Lina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALina+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2020" class="citation journal cs1">Khan, Lina (March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/1655-1682_Online.pdf">"The End of Antitrust History Revisited [<i>reviews</i>]"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_Review" title="Harvard Law Review">Harvard Law Review</a></i>. <b>133</b> (5): 1655–1683. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200818153117/http://harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/1655-1682_Online.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on August 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Law+Review&rft.atitle=The+End+of+Antitrust+History+Revisited+%5Breviews%5D&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1655-1683&rft.date=2020-03&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Lina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fharvardlawreview.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F03%2F1655-1682_Online.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALina+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Co-authored_works">Co-authored works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lina_Khan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Co-authored works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeachoutKhan2014" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Zephyr_Teachout" title="Zephyr Teachout">Teachout, Zephyr</a>; Khan, Lina (2014). "Market Structure and Political Law: A Taxonomy of Power". <i><a href="/wiki/Duke_Journal_of_Constitutional_Law_%26_Public_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke Journal of Constitutional Law & Public Policy">Duke Journal of Constitutional Law & Public Policy</a></i>. <b>9</b> (1): 37–74.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Duke+Journal+of+Constitutional+Law+%26+Public+Policy&rft.atitle=Market+Structure+and+Political+Law%3A+A+Taxonomy+of+Power&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=37-74&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Teachout&rft.aufirst=Zephyr&rft.au=Khan%2C+Lina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALina+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuptaKhan2017" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Deepak_Gupta_(attorney)" title="Deepak Gupta (attorney)">Gupta, Deepak</a>; Khan, Lina (Spring 2017). "Arbitration as Wealth Transfer". <i><a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_%26_Policy_Review" title="Yale Law & Policy Review">Yale Law & Policy Review</a></i>. <b>35</b> (2): 499–520.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yale+Law+%26+Policy+Review&rft.atitle=Arbitration+as+Wealth+Transfer&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=499-520&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Deepak&rft.au=Khan%2C+Lina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALina+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaheesanKhan2017" class="citation journal cs1">Vaheesan, Sandeep; Khan, Lina (Spring 2017). "Market Power and Inequality: The Antitrust Counterrevolution and Its Discontents". <i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_%26_Policy_Review" title="Harvard Law & Policy Review">Harvard Law & Policy Review</a></i>. <b>11</b> (1): 235–294.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Law+%26+Policy+Review&rft.atitle=Market+Power+and+Inequality%3A+The+Antitrust+Counterrevolution+and+Its+Discontents&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=235-294&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Vaheesan&rft.aufirst=Sandeep&rft.au=Khan%2C+Lina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALina+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPozenKhan2019" class="citation journal cs1">Pozen, David E.; Khan, Lina (December 2019). "A Skeptical View of Information Fiduciaries". <i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_Review" title="Harvard Law Review">Harvard Law Review</a></i>. <b>133</b> (2): 497–541.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Law+Review&rft.atitle=A+Skeptical+View+of+Information+Fiduciaries&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=497-541&rft.date=2019-12&rft.aulast=Pozen&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rft.au=Khan%2C+Lina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALina+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChopraKhan2020" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rohit_Chopra" title="Rohit Chopra">Chopra, Rohit</a>; Khan, Lina (March 2020). "The Case for 'Unfair Methods of Competition' Rulemaking". <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Law_Review" title="University of Chicago Law Review">University of Chicago Law Review</a></i>. <b>87</b> (2): 357–380.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+of+Chicago+Law+Review&rft.atitle=The+Case+for+%27Unfair+Methods+of+Competition%27+Rulemaking&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=357-380&rft.date=2020-03&rft.aulast=Chopra&rft.aufirst=Rohit&rft.au=Khan%2C+Lina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALina+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lina_Khan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEidelsonChafkin2024" class="citation news cs1">Eidelson, Josh; Chafkin, Max (October 10, 2024) [22 October 2024]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2024-10-09/lina-khan-on-a-second-ftc-term-ai-price-gouging-data-privacy?embedded-checkout=true">"Lina Khan Is Just Getting Started (She Hopes)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek" title="Bloomberg Businessweek">Bloomberg</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2024</span>. <q>(She'd grown up in London and the New York suburbs; her parents, British citizens of Pakistani origin, moved to the US when she was 11.)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Lina+Khan+Is+Just+Getting+Started+%28She+Hopes%29&rft.date=2024-10-10&rft.aulast=Eidelson&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft.au=Chafkin%2C+Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2F2024-10-09%2Flina-khan-on-a-second-ftc-term-ai-price-gouging-data-privacy%3Fembedded-checkout%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALina+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoller2023" class="citation news cs1">Stoller, Matt (October 18, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.compactmag.com/article/where-is-the-republican-lina-khan/">"Where Is the Republican Lina Khan?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Compact_(American_magazine)" title="Compact (American magazine)">Compact</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240912190812/https://www.compactmag.com/article/where-is-the-republican-lina-khan/">Archived</a> from the original on September 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2024</span>. <q>The fact that Khan is a Democrat in a Democratic administration</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Compact&rft.atitle=Where+Is+the+Republican+Lina+Khan%3F&rft.date=2023-10-18&rft.aulast=Stoller&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.compactmag.com%2Farticle%2Fwhere-is-the-republican-lina-khan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALina+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2021/06/lina-m-khan-sworn-chair-ftc">"Lina M. Khan Sworn in as Chair of the FTC"</a>. <i>Federal Trade Commission</i> (Press release). June 15, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240812235539/https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2021/06/lina-m-khan-sworn-chair-ftc">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2024</span>. <q>Lina M. Khan was sworn in today as Chair of the Federal Trade Commission. President Biden named Khan, a Democrat, to a term on the Commission that expires September 25, 2024, and designated her as Chair. Khan was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on June 15, 2021.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lina+M.+Khan+Sworn+in+as+Chair+of+the+FTC&rft.date=2021-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ftc.gov%2Fnews-events%2Fnews%2Fpress-releases%2F2021%2F06%2Flina-m-khan-sworn-chair-ftc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALina+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-amazons-antitrust-paradox-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-amazons-antitrust-paradox_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2017" class="citation journal cs1">Khan, Lina M. (January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yalelawjournal.org/note/amazons-antitrust-paradox">"Amazon's Antitrust Paradox"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale Law Journal">Yale Law Journal</a></i>. <b>126</b> (3): 564–907. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170405144903/http://www.yalelawjournal.org/note/amazons-antitrust-paradox">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yale+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=Amazon%27s+Antitrust+Paradox&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=564-907&rft.date=2017-01&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Lina+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yalelawjournal.org%2Fnote%2Famazons-antitrust-paradox&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALina+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FTC_Appointment-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FTC_Appointment_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FTC_Appointment_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FTC_Appointment_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/nomination/117th-congress/254?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22lina+khan%22%7D&s=1&r=1">"Lina M. Khan — Federal Trade Commission"</a>. <i>Congress.gov</i>. March 24, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240919224057/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/117th-congress/254?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22lina+khan%22%7D&s=1&r=1&__cf_chl_rt_tk=QvFoye3rQKLFUUtrn_kFHBz3S.mevfi6yNIfu8ys8x8-1726785657-0.0.1.1-5439">Archived</a> from the original on September 19, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Congress.gov&rft.atitle=Lina+M.+Khan+%E2%80%94+Federal+Trade+Commission&rft.date=2021-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.congress.gov%2Fnomination%2F117th-congress%2F254%3Fq%3D%257B%2522search%2522%253A%2522lina%2Bkhan%2522%257D%26s%3D1%26r%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALina+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbovyanScanlan2024" class="citation web cs1">Abovyan, Kristina; Scanlan, Quinn (May 5, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/ftc-started-takes-amazon-meta-chair-lina-khan/story?id=109928219">"FTC is 'just getting started' as it takes on Amazon, Meta and more, Chair Lina Khan says"</a>. <i>ABC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2024</span>. <q>Her Republican supporters have been dubbed the 'Khanservatives.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=FTC+is+%27just+getting+started%27+as+it+takes+on+Amazon%2C+Meta+and+more%2C+Chair+Lina+Khan+says&rft.date=2024-05-05&rft.aulast=Abovyan&rft.aufirst=Kristina&rft.au=Scanlan%2C+Quinn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Fftc-started-takes-amazon-meta-chair-lina-khan%2Fstory%3Fid%3D109928219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALina+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_7_September_20182-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_7_September_20182_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_7_September_20182_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_7_September_20182_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_7_September_20182_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_7_September_20182_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_7_September_20182_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStreitfeld2018" class="citation news cs1">Streitfeld, David (September 7, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/07/technology/monopoly-antitrust-lina-khan-amazon.html">"Amazon's Antitrust Antagonist Has a Breakthrough Idea"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180909101418/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/07/technology/monopoly-antitrust-lina-khan-amazon.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Amazon%27s+Antitrust+Antagonist+Has+a+Breakthrough+Idea&rft.date=2018-09-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Streitfeld&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F09%2F07%2Ftechnology%2Fmonopoly-antitrust-lina-khan-amazon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALina+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2021" class="citation web cs1">Khan, Lina (March 28, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commerce.senate.gov/services/files/AB3EF7E3-1D58-4EB4-9646-3FBB5ADD144F">"Senate Commerce Committee Nominee Questionnaire, 117th Congress"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Commerce,_Science,_and_Transportation" title="United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation">United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421082426/https://www.commerce.senate.gov/services/files/AB3EF7E3-1D58-4EB4-9646-3FBB5ADD144F">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Senate+Commerce+Committee+Nominee+Questionnaire%2C+117th+Congress&rft.pub=United+States+Senate+Committee+on+Commerce%2C+Science%2C+and+Transportation&rft.date=2021-03-28&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Lina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commerce.senate.gov%2Fservices%2Ffiles%2FAB3EF7E3-1D58-4EB4-9646-3FBB5ADD144F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALina+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewYorker20212-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorker20212_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorker20212_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorker20212_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorker20212_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorker20212_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorker20212_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolhatkar2021" class="citation news cs1">Kolhatkar, Sheelah (November 29, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/12/06/lina-khans-battle-to-rein-in-big-tech">"Lina Khan's Battle to Rein in Big Tech"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X">0028-792X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211129132640/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/12/06/lina-khans-battle-to-rein-in-big-tech">Archived</a> from the original on November 29, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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June 25, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230110014503/https://u2b.com/2021/06/25/education-of-lina-khan/">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Vance%3A+Biden+FTC+chief+is+%E2%80%98doing+a+pretty+good+job%E2%80%99&rft.date=2024-02-27&rft.aulast=Klar&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fpolicy%2Ftechnology%2F4491363-vance-biden-ftc-chief-is-doing-a-pretty-good-job%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALina+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2024" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Callum (March 9, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/mar/09/lina-khan-federal-trade-commission-antitrust-monopolies">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'She's going to prevail': FTC head Lina Khan is fighting for an anti-monopoly America"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%E2%80%98She%E2%80%99s+going+to+prevail%E2%80%99%3A+FTC+head+Lina+Khan+is+fighting+for+an+anti-monopoly+America&rft.date=2024-03-09&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Callum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2024%2Fmar%2F09%2Flina-khan-federal-trade-commission-antitrust-monopolies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALina+Khan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerr" class="citation web cs1">Kerr, Dara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2023/03/07/1161312602/lina-khan-ftc-tech">"Lina Khan is taking swings at Big Tech as FTC chair, and changing how it does business"</a>. <i>NPR</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230810231652/https://www.npr.org/2023/03/07/1161312602/lina-khan-ftc-tech">Archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Davies">Joseph E. Davies</a> (1915–1916) • <a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Hurley" title="Edward N. Hurley">Edward N. Hurley</a> (1916–1917) • <a href="/wiki/William_J._Harris" title="William J. Harris">William J. Harris</a> (1917–1918) • <a href="/wiki/William_Byron_Colver" title="William Byron Colver">William Byron Colver</a> (1918–1919) • <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Fort" title="John Franklin Fort">John Franklin Fort</a> (1919) • <a href="/wiki/Victor_Murdock" title="Victor Murdock">Victor Murdock</a> (1919–1920) • <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Huston_Thompson" title="Samuel Huston Thompson">Samuel Huston Thompson</a> (1920–1921) • <a href="/wiki/Nelson_B._Gaskill" title="Nelson B. Gaskill">Nelson B. Gaskill</a> (1921–1922) • <a href="/wiki/Victor_Murdock" title="Victor Murdock">Victor Murdock</a> (1922–1923) • <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Huston_Thompson" title="Samuel Huston Thompson">Samuel Huston Thompson</a> (1923–1924) • <a href="/wiki/Vernon_W._Van_Fleet" title="Vernon W. Van Fleet">Vernon W. Van Fleet</a> (1924–1925) • <a href="/wiki/John_F._Nugent" title="John F. Nugent">John F. Nugent</a> (1925–1926) • <a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Hunt_(politician)" title="Charles W. Hunt (politician)">Charles W. Hunt</a> (1926–1927) • <a href="/wiki/William_E._Humphrey" title="William E. Humphrey">William E. Humphrey</a> (1927–1928) • <a href="/wiki/Abram_F._Myers" title="Abram F. Myers">Abram F. Myers</a> (1928–1929) • <a href="/wiki/Edgar_A._McCulloch" title="Edgar A. McCulloch">Edgar A. McCulloch</a> (1929) • <a href="/wiki/Garland_Ferguson_Jr." title="Garland Ferguson Jr.">Garland Ferguson Jr.</a> (1930) • <a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Hunt_(politician)" title="Charles W. Hunt (politician)">Charles W. Hunt</a> (1931) • <a href="/wiki/William_E._Humphrey" title="William E. Humphrey">William E. Humphrey</a> (1932) • <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._March" title="Charles H. March">Charles H. March</a> (1933) • <a href="/wiki/Garland_Ferguson_Jr." title="Garland Ferguson Jr.">Garland Ferguson Jr.</a> (1934) • <a href="/wiki/Ewin_L._Davis" title="Ewin L. Davis">Ewin L. Davis</a> (1935) • <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._March" title="Charles H. March">Charles H. March</a> (1936) • <a href="/wiki/William_Augustus_Ayres" title="William Augustus Ayres">William Augustus Ayres</a> (1937) • <a href="/wiki/Garland_Ferguson_Jr." title="Garland Ferguson Jr.">Garland Ferguson Jr.</a> (1938) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Freer" title="Robert E. Freer">Robert E. Freer</a> (1939) • <a href="/wiki/Ewin_L._Davis" title="Ewin L. Davis">Ewin L. Davis</a> (1940) • <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._March" title="Charles H. March">Charles H. March</a> (1941) • <a href="/wiki/William_Augustus_Ayres" title="William Augustus Ayres">William Augustus Ayres</a> (1942) • <a href="/wiki/Garland_Ferguson_Jr." title="Garland Ferguson Jr.">Garland Ferguson Jr.</a> (1943) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Freer" title="Robert E. Freer">Robert E. Freer</a> (1944) • <a href="/wiki/Ewin_L._Davis" title="Ewin L. Davis">Ewin L. Davis</a> (1945) • <a href="/wiki/William_Augustus_Ayres" title="William Augustus Ayres">William Augustus Ayres</a> (1946) • <a href="/wiki/Garland_Ferguson_Jr." title="Garland Ferguson Jr.">Garland Ferguson Jr.</a> (1947) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Freer" title="Robert E. Freer">Robert E. Freer</a> (1948) • <a href="/wiki/Lowell_B._Mason" title="Lowell B. Mason">Lowell B. Mason</a> (1949–1950)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Seal_of_the_United_States_Federal_Trade_Commission.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Federal_Trade_Commission.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Seal_of_the_United_States_Federal_Trade_Commission.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Federal_Trade_Commission.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Seal_of_the_United_States_Federal_Trade_Commission.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Federal_Trade_Commission.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential appointments<br />(1950–present)<br />Acting chairs <i>italicized</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Mead" title="James M. Mead">James M. Mead</a> (1950–1953) • <a href="/wiki/Edward_F._Howrey" title="Edward F. Howrey">Edward F. Howrey</a> (1953–1955) • <a href="/wiki/John_W._Gwynne" title="John W. Gwynne">John W. Gwynne</a> (1955–1959) • <a href="/wiki/Earl_W._Kintner" title="Earl W. Kintner">Earl W. Kintner</a> (1959–1961) • <a href="/wiki/Paul_Rand_Dixon" title="Paul Rand Dixon">Paul Rand Dixon</a> (1961–1969) • <a href="/wiki/Caspar_Weinberger" title="Caspar Weinberger">Caspar Weinberger</a> (1970–1970) • <a href="/wiki/Everette_MacIntyre" title="Everette MacIntyre">Everette MacIntyre</a> (1970–1973) • <a href="/wiki/Lewis_A._Engman" title="Lewis A. Engman">Lewis A. Engman</a> (1973–1975) • <i><a href="/wiki/Paul_Rand_Dixon" title="Paul Rand Dixon">Paul Rand Dixon</a></i> (1976) • <a href="/wiki/Calvin_J._Collier" title="Calvin J. Collier">Calvin J. Collier</a> (1976–1977) • <a href="/wiki/Michael_Pertschuk" title="Michael Pertschuk">Michael Pertschuk</a> (1977–1981) • <i><a href="/wiki/David_A._Clanton" title="David A. Clanton">David A. Clanton</a></i> (1981) • <a href="/wiki/James_C._Miller_III" title="James C. Miller III">James C. Miller III</a> (1981–1985) • <i><a href="/wiki/Terry_Calvani" title="Terry Calvani">Terry Calvani</a></i> (1985–1986) • <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Oliver_(policymaker)" title="Daniel Oliver (policymaker)">Daniel Oliver</a> (1986–1989) • <a href="/wiki/Janet_Dempsey_Steiger" title="Janet Dempsey Steiger">Janet Dempsey Steiger</a> (1989–1995) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Pitofsky" title="Robert Pitofsky">Robert Pitofsky</a> (1995–2001) • <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Muris" title="Timothy Muris">Timothy Muris</a> (2001–2004) • <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Platt_Majoras" title="Deborah Platt Majoras">Deborah Platt Majoras</a> (2004–2008) • <a href="/wiki/William_Kovacic" title="William Kovacic">William Kovacic</a> (2008–2009) • <a href="/wiki/Jon_Leibowitz" title="Jon Leibowitz">Jon Leibowitz</a> (2009–2013) • <a href="/wiki/Edith_Ramirez" title="Edith Ramirez">Edith Ramirez</a> (2013–2017) • <i><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Ohlhausen" title="Maureen Ohlhausen">Maureen Ohlhausen</a></i> (2017–2018) • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Simons" title="Joseph Simons">Joseph Simons</a> (2018–2021) • <i><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Slaughter" title="Rebecca Slaughter">Rebecca Slaughter</a></i> (2021) • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lina Khan</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56523534#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56523534#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56523534#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/46171184651047771411">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Khan, Lina (Legal scholar)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2024021780">United States</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐54ff4bd669‐6nrkk Cached time: 20241127223039 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.050 seconds Real time usage: 1.271 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 13141/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 213893/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5529/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 337999/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.660/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 9746022/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1159.341 1 -total 33.09% 383.676 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder 31.88% 369.654 1 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