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mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" lang="zh-Hans-MY" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%A7%91%E5%B8%95%E9%9F%8B%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh-my" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%A7%91%E5%B8%95%E9%9F%8B%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh-my" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" lang="zh-Hans-MY" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="zh-Hans-MY" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="zh-Hans-MY" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">科帕韦火山</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="zh-Hans-MY" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。40种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88" title="بركان كوباهو – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بركان كوباهو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88" title="كوپاهو – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كوپاهو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopaue" title="Kopaue – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kopaue" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copahue" title="Copahue – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Copahue" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copahue" title="Copahue – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Copahue" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n_Copahue" title="Volcán Copahue – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Volcán Copahue" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copahue" title="Copahue – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Copahue" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copahue" title="Copahue – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Copahue" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copahue_(Vulkan)" title="Copahue (Vulkan) – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Copahue (Vulkan)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B5" title="Κοπάουε – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοπάουε" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copahue" title="Copahue – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Copahue" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n_Copahue" title="Volcán Copahue – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Volcán Copahue" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copahue_sumendia" title="Copahue sumendia – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Copahue sumendia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88" title="کوپاهو – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوپاهو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copahue" title="Copahue – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Copahue" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n_Copahue" title="Volcán Copahue – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Volcán Copahue" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%94" title="קופאווה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קופאווה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copahue" title="Copahue – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Copahue" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copahue" title="Copahue – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Copahue" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%91%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A8%E5%B1%B1" title="コパウエ山 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コパウエ山" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94" title="კოპაუე – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოპაუე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%ED%8C%8C%EC%9A%B0%EC%97%90%EC%82%B0" title="코파우에산 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코파우에산" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copahue" title="Copahue – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Copahue" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopahuj%C4%97" title="Kopahujė – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kopahujė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="കൊപാഹ്യൂ അഗ്നിപർവതം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൊപാഹ്യൂ അഗ്നിപർവതം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_berapi_Copahue" title="Gunung berapi Copahue – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gunung berapi Copahue" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copahu%C3%A9" title="Copahué – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Copahué" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copahue_(volcan)" title="Copahue (volcan) – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Copahue (volcan)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copahue" title="Copahue – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Copahue" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copahue" title="Copahue – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Copahue" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulc%C3%A3o_Copahue" title="Vulcão Copahue – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vulcão Copahue" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copahue" title="Copahue – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Copahue" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copahue_(vulcan)" title="Copahue (vulcan) – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Copahue (vulcan)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8D" title="Копауэ – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Копауэ" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copahue" title="Copahue – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Copahue" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copahue" title="Copahue – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Copahue" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Копаве – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Копаве" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n_Copahu%C3%A9" title="Volcán Copahué – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Volcán Copahué" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B5" title="Копауе – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Копауе" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94" title="კოპაუე – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კოპაუე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q312930#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="zh-Hans-MY" dir="ltr"> <div 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vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" lang="zh-Hans-MY" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E7%A7%91%E5%B8%95%E9%9F%8B%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E5%B8%95%E9%9F%8B%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&oldid=77134855" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E5%B8%95%E9%9F%8B%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E7%A7%91%E5%B8%95%E9%9F%8B%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&id=77134855&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fzh-my%2F%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25B8%2595%25E9%259F%258B%25E7%2581%25AB%25E5%25B1%25B1"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fzh-my%2F%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25B8%2595%25E9%259F%258B%25E7%2581%25AB%25E5%25B1%25B1"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" lang="zh-Hans-MY" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E7%A7%91%E5%B8%95%E9%9F%8B%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印版本</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" lang="zh-Hans-MY" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Copahue_Volcano" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q312930" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div 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.geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E7%A7%91%E5%B8%95%E9%9F%8B%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&params=37_51_S_71_10_W_type:mountain_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">37°51′S</span> <span class="longitude">71°10′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">37.850°S 71.167°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-37.850; -71.167</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub" lang="zh-Hans-MY" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-content-subtitle" lang="zh-Hans-MY" dir="ltr"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh-Hans-MY" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and 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.infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="line-height:normal;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #e7dcc3;">科帕韦火山</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Copahue_Volcano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Copahue_Volcano.jpg/272px-Copahue_Volcano.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Copahue_Volcano.jpg/408px-Copahue_Volcano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Copahue_Volcano.jpg/544px-Copahue_Volcano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1751" data-file-height="1176" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;;"><div style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r66786032">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:200px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:200px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:200px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Map_of_Argentina.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="科帕韦火山在阿根廷的位置"><img alt="科帕韦火山在阿根廷的位置" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Relief_Map_of_Argentina.jpg/200px-Relief_Map_of_Argentina.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Relief_Map_of_Argentina.jpg/300px-Relief_Map_of_Argentina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Relief_Map_of_Argentina.jpg/400px-Relief_Map_of_Argentina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="882" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span><div class="od notheme mw-no-invert" style="top:47.471%;left:22.219%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="科帕韦火山"><img alt="科帕韦火山" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/16px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/24px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/32px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="240" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">火山在南美洲的位置</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e7dcc3;;">最高点</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%8B%94" title="海拔">海拔</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;;">2,997米<sup id="cite_ref-gvp_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gvp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E7%BA%AC%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="经纬度">坐标</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;;"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E7%A7%91%E5%B8%95%E9%9F%8B%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&params=37_51_S_71_10_W_type:mountain_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">37°51′S</span> <span class="longitude">71°10′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">37.850°S 71.167°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-37.850; -71.167</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e7dcc3;;">地理</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;;">位置</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7" title="阿根廷">阿根廷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9" title="智利">智利</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;;">所属山脉</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%AC%AC%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" class="mw-redirect" title="安第斯山脉">安第斯山脉</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e7dcc3;;">地质</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="山脉类型列表">山脉类型</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%82%E7%8A%B6%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="层状火山">层状火山</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-bottom; white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%99%B4%E7%99%BC%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B" title="火山喷发类型">最近喷发</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;;">2000年<sup id="cite_ref-gvp_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gvp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>科帕韦火山</b>（<b>Volcán Copahue</b>）是位于<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7" title="阿根廷">阿根廷</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9" title="智利">智利</a>接壤边境的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%82%E7%8A%B6%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="层状火山">层状火山</a>，在长度2公里的范围内有9个<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3" title="火山口">火山口</a>，东部的顶峰火山口形成阔300米的酸性盐水<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E6%B9%96" class="mw-redirect" title="火山湖">火山湖</a>。科帕韦火山的火山湖在20世纪爆发时喷出<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E7%A2%8E%E5%B1%91%E5%B2%A9" title="火山碎屑岩">火山碎屑岩</a>和已冷却的液体<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫</a>碎片。<sup id="cite_ref-gvp_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gvp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E5%B8%95%E9%9F%8B%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gvp-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gvp_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gvp_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gvp_1-2"><sup><b>1.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=1507-09=">Copahue</a>. 全球火山作用计划. <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%AF%86%E6%A3%AE%E5%B0%BC%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" title="史密森尼学会">史密森尼学会</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2005-02-11</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A7%91%E5%B8%95%E9%9F%8B%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&rft.atitle=Copahue&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvolcano.si.edu%2Fvolcano.cfm%3Fvn%3D1507-09%3D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">González-Ferrán, Oscar. Volcanes de Chile. Santiago, Chile: Instituto Geográfico Militar. 1995: 640 pp. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/956-202-054-1" title="Special:网络书源/956-202-054-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 956-202-054-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A7%91%E5%B8%95%E9%9F%8B%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&rft.aufirst=Oscar&rft.aulast=Gonz%C3%A1lez-Ferr%C3%A1n&rft.btitle=Volcanes+de+Chile&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=956-202-054-1&rft.pages=640+pp&rft.pub=Santiago%2C+Chile%3A+Instituto+Geogr%C3%A1fico+Militar&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <small>(in Spanish; also includes volcanoes of Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru)</small></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Biggar, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150420043006/http://www.andes.org.uk/">The Andes: A Guide for Climbers (3rd ed.)</a>. Andes Publishing (Scotland). 2005: 304 pp <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-04-13</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-9536087-2-7" title="Special:网络书源/0-9536087-2-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-9536087-2-7</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.andes.org.uk/">原始内容</a>存档于2015-04-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A7%91%E5%B8%95%E9%9F%8B%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Biggar&rft.btitle=The+Andes%3A+A+Guide+for+Climbers+%283rd+ed.%29&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-9536087-2-7&rft.pages=304+pp&rft.pub=Andes+Publishing+%28Scotland%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.andes.org.uk%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Argentina.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="小作品图示" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/40px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/60px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/80px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td><td style="font-size:smaller">这是一篇与<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7" title="阿根廷">阿根廷</a>相关的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B0%8F%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81" title="Wikipedia:小作品">小作品</a>。您可以通过<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E5%B8%95%E9%9F%8B%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&action=edit">编辑或修订</a>扩充其内容。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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