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href="#History_of_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History of development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Current systems</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_systems-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Current systems subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Current_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Airborne_Warning_and_Control_System_(AWACS)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airborne_Warning_and_Control_System_(AWACS)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airborne_Warning_and_Control_System_(AWACS)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-E-2_Hawkeye" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#E-2_Hawkeye"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>E-2 Hawkeye</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-E-2_Hawkeye-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beriev_A-50" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beriev_A-50"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Beriev A-50</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beriev_A-50-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-KJ-2000" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#KJ-2000"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>KJ-2000</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-KJ-2000-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EL/W-2085_AEW&C" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EL/W-2085_AEW&C"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>EL/W-2085 AEW&C</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EL/W-2085_AEW&C-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netra_AEW&CS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netra_AEW&CS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Netra AEW&CS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netra_AEW&CS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boeing_737_AEW&C" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boeing_737_AEW&C"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Boeing 737 AEW&C</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boeing_737_AEW&C-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erieye/GlobalEye" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erieye/GlobalEye"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Erieye/GlobalEye</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erieye/GlobalEye-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Helicopter_AEW_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Helicopter_AEW_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Helicopter AEW systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Helicopter_AEW_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Airborne early warning and control</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85" title="نظام الإنذار المبكر والتحكم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام الإنذار المبكر والتحكم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%91%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Авіяцыйны комплекс радыёвыяўлення і навядзення – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Авіяцыйны комплекс радыёвыяўлення і навядзення" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Далечно радиолокационно откриване и управление – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Далечно радиолокационно откриване и управление" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/AWACS" title="AWACS – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="AWACS" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alerta_primerenca_i_control_aerotransportat" title="Alerta primerenca i control aerotransportat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alerta primerenca i control aerotransportat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/AEW%26C" title="AEW&C – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="AEW&C" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/AWACS" title="AWACS – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="AWACS" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airborne_Warning_and_Control_System" title="Airborne Warning and Control System – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Airborne Warning and Control System" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%AF%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%B3%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Αεροσκάφος έγκαιρης προειδοποίησης και ελέγχου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αεροσκάφος έγκαιρης προειδοποίησης και ελέγχου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alerta_temprana_y_control_aerotransportado" title="Alerta temprana y control aerotransportado – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alerta temprana y control aerotransportado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="آواکس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آواکس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_de_d%C3%A9tection_et_de_commandement_a%C3%A9roport%C3%A9" title="Système de détection et de commandement aéroporté – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Système de détection et de commandement aéroporté" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%A4%91%EC%A1%B0%EA%B8%B0%EA%B2%BD%EB%B3%B4%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C%EA%B8%B0" title="공중조기경보통제기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="공중조기경보통제기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_peringatan_dini" title="Pesawat peringatan dini – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pesawat peringatan dini" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airborne_Early_Warning_and_Control" title="Airborne Early Warning and Control – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Airborne Early Warning and Control" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%94" title="מטוס שליטה ובקרה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מטוס שליטה ובקרה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/AWACS" title="AWACS – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="AWACS" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/AWACS" title="AWACS – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="AWACS" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9gt%C3%A9rellen%C5%91rz%C5%91_rep%C3%BCl%C5%91g%C3%A9p" title="Légtérellenőrző repülőgép – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Légtérellenőrző repülőgép" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesawat_Sistem_Kawalan_dan_Amaran_Udara" title="Pesawat Sistem Kawalan dan Amaran Udara – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pesawat Sistem Kawalan dan Amaran Udara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airborne_warning_and_control_system" title="Airborne warning and control system – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Airborne warning and control system" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E8%AD%A6%E6%88%92%E7%AE%A1%E5%88%B6%E6%A9%9F" title="早期警戒管制機 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="早期警戒管制機" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/AWACS" title="AWACS – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="AWACS" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/AEW" title="AEW – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="AEW" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statek_powietrzny_wczesnego_ostrzegania" title="Statek powietrzny wczesnego ostrzegania – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Statek powietrzny wczesnego ostrzegania" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_A%C3%A9reo_de_Alerta_e_Controle" title="Sistema Aéreo de Alerta e Controle – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema Aéreo de Alerta e Controle" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avion_de_cercetare_%C8%99i_alarmare_%C3%AEndep%C4%83rtat%C4%83" title="Avion de cercetare și alarmare îndepărtată – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Avion de cercetare și alarmare îndepărtată" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Авиационный комплекс радиообнаружения и наведения – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Авиационный комплекс радиообнаружения и наведения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralajm%C3%ABrimi_i_hersh%C3%ABm_dhe_kontrolli_ajror" title="Paralajmërimi i hershëm dhe kontrolli ajror – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Paralajmërimi i hershëm dhe kontrolli ajror" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Airborne system of surveillance radar plus command and control functions</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Air_Force_(RAF)_E-3D_Sentry_AEW1_(airborne_early_warning)_aircraft,_registration_ZH106,_taking_part_in_Exercise_Taurus_Mountain_3,_in_the_skies_over_North_Yorkshire_in_March_2012_-_MOD_45153803_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Royal_Air_Force_%28RAF%29_E-3D_Sentry_AEW1_%28airborne_early_warning%29_aircraft%2C_registration_ZH106%2C_taking_part_in_Exercise_Taurus_Mountain_3%2C_in_the_skies_over_North_Yorkshire_in_March_2012_-_MOD_45153803_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Royal_Air_Force_%28RAF%29_E-3D_Sentry_AEW1_%28airborne_early_warning%29_aircraft%2C_registration_ZH106%2C_taking_part_in_Exercise_Taurus_Mountain_3%2C_in_the_skies_over_North_Yorkshire_in_March_2012_-_MOD_45153803_%28cropped%29.jpg/450px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Royal_Air_Force_%28RAF%29_E-3D_Sentry_AEW1_%28airborne_early_warning%29_aircraft%2C_registration_ZH106%2C_taking_part_in_Exercise_Taurus_Mountain_3%2C_in_the_skies_over_North_Yorkshire_in_March_2012_-_MOD_45153803_%28cropped%29.jpg/600px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2376" data-file-height="1812" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-3_Sentry" title="Boeing E-3 Sentry">Boeing E-3 Sentry</a> over <a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a></figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>airborne early warning and control</b> (<b>AEW&C</b>) system is an airborne <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> <a href="/wiki/Early_warning_system" title="Early warning system">early warning system</a> designed to detect <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ship" title="Ship">ships</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vehicle" title="Vehicle">vehicles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missile" title="Missile">missiles</a> and other incoming <a href="/wiki/Projectile" title="Projectile">projectiles</a> at long ranges, as well as performing <a href="/wiki/Command_and_control" title="Command and control">command and control</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Battlespace" title="Battlespace">battlespace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">aerial engagements</a> by informing and directing friendly <a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">fighter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Attack_aircraft" title="Attack aircraft">attack aircraft</a>. AEW&C units are also used to carry out <a href="/wiki/Aerial_surveillance" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerial surveillance">aerial surveillance</a> <a href="/wiki/Airborne_ground_surveillance" title="Airborne ground surveillance">over ground</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maritime_surveillance" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime surveillance">maritime targets</a>, and frequently perform <a href="/wiki/Battle_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle management">battle management</a> command and control (BMC2). When used at altitude, the radar system on AEW&C aircraft allows the operators to detect, track and prioritize targets and identify friendly aircraft from hostile ones in real-time and from much farther away than ground-based radars.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like ground-based radars, AEW&C systems can be detected and targeted by opposing forces, but due to aircraft mobility and extended sensor range, they are much less vulnerable to counter-attacks than ground systems.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>AEW&C aircraft are used for both defensive and offensive air operations, and serve <a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">air forces</a> in the same role as what the <a href="/wiki/Combat_information_center" title="Combat information center">combat information center</a> is to <a href="/wiki/Naval" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval">naval</a> <a href="/wiki/Warship" title="Warship">warships</a>, in addition to being a highly mobile and powerful radar platform. So useful and advantageous is it to have such aircraft operating at a high altitude, that some navies also operate AEW&C aircraft for their warships at sea, either coastal- or <a href="/wiki/Carrier-based" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrier-based">carrier-based</a> and on both <a href="/wiki/Fixed-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixed-wing">fixed-wing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rotary-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotary-wing">rotary-wing</a> platforms. In the case of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_E-2_Hawkeye" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye">Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye</a> AEW&C aircraft is assigned to its <a href="/wiki/Supercarrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Supercarrier">supercarriers</a> to protect them and augment their onboard command information centers (CICs). The designation "airborne early warning" (AEW) was used for earlier similar aircraft used in the less-demanding <a href="/wiki/Radar_picket" title="Radar picket">radar picket</a> role,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as the <a href="/wiki/Fairey_Gannet_AEW.3" title="Fairey Gannet AEW.3">Fairey Gannet AEW.3</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_EC-121_Warning_Star" title="Lockheed EC-121 Warning Star">Lockheed EC-121 Warning Star</a>, and continues to be used by the RAF for its <a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-3_Sentry" title="Boeing E-3 Sentry">Sentry AEW1</a>, while AEW&C (airborne early warning and control) emphasizes the <a href="/wiki/Command_and_control_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Command and control (military)">command and control</a> capabilities that may not be present on smaller or simpler radar picket aircraft. <b>AWACS</b> (Airborne Warning and Control System) is the name of the specific system installed in the E-3 and Japanese <a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-767" title="Boeing E-767">Boeing E-767</a> AEW&C airframes, but is often used as a general synonym for AEW&C.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gap_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gap-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_characteristics">General characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airborne_early_warning_and_control&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: General characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wellington_Ic_(R1629).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Wellington_Ic_%28R1629%29.jpg/220px-Wellington_Ic_%28R1629%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Wellington_Ic_%28R1629%29.jpg/330px-Wellington_Ic_%28R1629%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Wellington_Ic_%28R1629%29.jpg/440px-Wellington_Ic_%28R1629%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Wellington Ic "Air Controlled Interception" showing rotating radar antenna</figcaption></figure> <p>Modern AEW&C systems can detect aircraft from up to 400 km (220 nmi) away, well out of range of most surface-to-air missiles. One AEW&C aircraft flying at 9,000 m (30,000 ft) can cover an area of 312,000 km<sup>2</sup> (120,000 sq mi). Three such aircraft in overlapping orbits can cover the whole of <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AEW&C system indicates close and far proximity range on threats and targets, help extend the range of their sensors, and make offensive aircraft harder to track by avoiding the need for them to keep their own radar active, which the enemy can detect. Systems also communicate with friendly aircraft, vectoring fighters towards hostile aircraft or any unidentified flying object. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_development">History of development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airborne_early_warning_and_control&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History of development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After having developed <a href="/wiki/Chain_Home" title="Chain Home">Chain Home</a>—the first ground-based <a href="/wiki/Early-warning_radar" title="Early-warning radar">early-warning radar</a> detection system—in the 1930s, the <a href="/wiki/Cavity_magnetron" title="Cavity magnetron">British developed a radar set</a> that could be carried on an aircraft for what they termed "Air Controlled Interception". The intention was to cover the North West approaches where German long range <a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_200_Condor" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor">Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor</a> aircraft were threatening shipping. A <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Wellington" title="Vickers Wellington">Vickers Wellington</a> bomber (serial R1629) was fitted with a rotating antenna array. It was tested for use against aerial targets and then for possible use against German <a href="/wiki/E_boat" class="mw-redirect" title="E boat">E boats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another radar equipped Wellington with a different installation was used to direct <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufighter" title="Bristol Beaufighter">Bristol Beaufighters</a> toward <a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_111" title="Heinkel He 111">Heinkel He 111s</a>, which were air-launching <a href="/wiki/V-1_flying_bomb" title="V-1 flying bomb">V-1 flying bombs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1944, the US Navy ordered the development of a radar system that could be carried aloft in an aircraft under Project Cadillac.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A prototype system was built and flown in August on a modified <a href="/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger">TBM Avenger</a> <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_bomber" title="Torpedo bomber">torpedo bomber</a>. Tests were successful, with the system being able to detect low flying formations at a range greater than 100 miles (160 km). US Navy then ordered production of the TBM-3W, the first production AEW aircraft to enter service. TBM-3Ws fitted with the <a href="/wiki/AN/APS-20" title="AN/APS-20">AN/APS-20</a> radar entered service in March 1945, with 27 eventually constructed.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also recognised that a larger land-based aircraft would be attractive, thus, under the <i>Cadillac II</i> program, multiple <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">Boeing B-17G Flying Fortress</a> bombers were also outfitted with the same radar.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lockheed_EC-121M_with_F-4B_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lockheed_EC-121M_with_F-4B_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Lockheed_EC-121M_with_F-4B_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lockheed_EC-121M_with_F-4B_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Lockheed_EC-121M_with_F-4B_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lockheed_EC-121M_with_F-4B_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Lockheed_EC-121M_with_F-4B_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="484" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_EC-121" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed EC-121">Lockheed EC-121</a>M one of the first AEW aircraft</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_EC-121_Warning_Star" title="Lockheed EC-121 Warning Star">Lockheed WV and EC-121 Warning Star</a>, which first flew in 1949, served widely with US Air Force and US Navy. It provided the main AEW coverage for US forces during the Vietnam war.<sup id="cite_ref-jtc_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jtc-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It remained operational until replaced with the E-3 AWACS.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Developed roughly in parallel, <a href="/wiki/N-class_blimp" title="N-class blimp">N-class blimps</a> were also used as AEW aircraft, filling gaps in radar coverage for the continental US, their tremendous endurance of over 200 hours being a major asset in an AEW aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SkyShips_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SkyShips-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a crash, the US Navy opted to discontinue lighter than air operations in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1958, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/Tupolev" title="Tupolev">Tupolev Design Bureau</a> was ordered to design an AEW aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-Tu-114.1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tu-114.1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After determining that the projected radar instrumentation would not fit in a <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95" title="Tupolev Tu-95">Tupolev Tu-95</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-116" title="Tupolev Tu-116">Tupolev Tu-116</a>, the decision was made to use the more capacious <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-114" title="Tupolev Tu-114">Tupolev Tu-114</a> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-Tu-114.1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tu-114.1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This solved the problems with cooling and operator space that existed with the narrower Tu-95 and Tu-116 fuselage.<sup id="cite_ref-Tu-114.1_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tu-114.1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To meet range requirements, production examples were fitted with an air-to-air refueling probe.<sup id="cite_ref-Tu-114.2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tu-114.2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resulting system, the <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-126" title="Tupolev Tu-126">Tupolev Tu-126</a>, entered service in 1965 with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Forces" title="Soviet Air Forces">Soviet Air Forces</a> and remained in service until replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Beriev_A-50" title="Beriev A-50">Beriev A-50</a> in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-Tu-114.2_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tu-114.2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Cold war, United Kingdom deployed a substantial AEW capability, initially with American <a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-1_Skyraider" title="Douglas A-1 Skyraider">Douglas AD-4W Skyraiders</a>, designated Skyraider AEW.1, which in turn were replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Fairey_Gannet_AEW" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairey Gannet AEW">Fairey Gannet AEW.3</a>, using the same AN/APS-20 radar.<sup id="cite_ref-Gibson10_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibson10-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the retirement of conventional aircraft carriers, the Gannet was withdrawn and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> (RAF) installed the radars from the Gannets on <a href="/wiki/Avro_Shackleton" title="Avro Shackleton">Avro Shackleton</a> MR.2 airframes, redesignated Shackleton AEW.2.<sup id="cite_ref-Tyack_87_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tyack_87-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To replace the Shackleton AEW.2, an AEW variant of the <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_Nimrod" title="Hawker Siddeley Nimrod">Hawker Siddeley Nimrod</a>, known as the <a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_Nimrod_AEW3" title="British Aerospace Nimrod AEW3">Nimrod AEW3</a>, was ordered in 1974. After a protracted and problematic development, this was cancelled in 1986, and seven E-3Ds, <a href="/wiki/British_military_aircraft_designation_systems" title="British military aircraft designation systems">designated</a> Sentry AEW.1 in RAF service, were purchased instead.<sup id="cite_ref-spyflight_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spyflight-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tyack_87_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tyack_87-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_systems">Current systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airborne_early_warning_and_control&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Current systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many countries have developed their own AEW&C systems, although the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-3_Sentry" title="Boeing E-3 Sentry">Boeing E-3 Sentry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-7_Wedgetail" title="Boeing E-7 Wedgetail">E-7A</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_E-2_Hawkeye" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye">Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye</a> and Gulfstream/IAI <a href="/wiki/EL/W-2085" title="EL/W-2085">EL/W-2085</a> are the most common systems worldwide. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airborne_Warning_and_Control_System_(AWACS)"><span id="Airborne_Warning_and_Control_System_.28AWACS.29"></span>Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airborne_early_warning_and_control&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_E-767_(light).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Boeing_E-767_%28light%29.jpg/220px-Boeing_E-767_%28light%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Boeing_E-767_%28light%29.jpg/330px-Boeing_E-767_%28light%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Boeing_E-767_%28light%29.jpg/440px-Boeing_E-767_%28light%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-767" title="Boeing E-767">E-767</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Air_Self_Defense_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Air Self Defense Force">Japan Air Self Defense Force</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-3_Sentry" title="Boeing E-3 Sentry">Boeing E-3 Sentry</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> produces a specific system with a "<a href="/wiki/Rotodome" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotodome">rotodome</a>" rotating <a href="/wiki/Radome" title="Radome">radome</a> that incorporates <a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Electronic_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Westinghouse Electronic Systems">Westinghouse</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a>) radar.<sup id="cite_ref-gap_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gap-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is mounted on either the <a href="/wiki/E-3_Sentry" class="mw-redirect" title="E-3 Sentry">E-3 Sentry</a> aircraft (<a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">Boeing 707</a>) or more recently the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-767" title="Boeing E-767">Boeing E-767</a> (<a href="/wiki/Boeing_767" title="Boeing 767">Boeing 767</a>), the latter only being used by the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Air_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Air Self-Defense Force">Japan Air Self-Defense Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aw30_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aw30-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When AWACS first entered service it represented a major advance in capability, being the first AEW to use a <a href="/wiki/Pulse-Doppler_radar" title="Pulse-Doppler radar">pulse-Doppler radar</a>, which allowed it to track targets normally lost in ground clutter.<sup id="cite_ref-USAF_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAF-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously, low-flying aircraft could only be readily tracked over water.<sup id="cite_ref-USAF_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAF-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The AWACS features a <a href="/wiki/3D_radar" title="3D radar">three-dimensional radar</a> that measures azimuth, range, and elevation simultaneously; the unit installed upon the E-767 has superior surveillance capability over water compared to the AN/APY-1 system on the earlier E-3 models.<sup id="cite_ref-aw37_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aw37-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-boeing_e-767-overview_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boeing_e-767-overview-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="E-2_Hawkeye">E-2 Hawkeye</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airborne_early_warning_and_control&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: E-2 Hawkeye"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Grumman_E-2_Hawkeye" title="Grumman E-2 Hawkeye">Grumman E-2 Hawkeye</a></div> <p>The E-2 Hawkeye was a specially designed AEW aircraft. Upon its entry to service in 1965, it was initially plagued by technical issues, causing a (later reversed) cancellation.<sup id="cite_ref-JAWA76_p291_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAWA76_p291-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Procurement resumed after efforts to improve reliability, such as replacement of the original rotary drum computer used for processing radar information by a Litton L-304 digital computer.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to purchases by the US Navy, the E-2 Hawkeye has been sold to the armed forces of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-World_Aircraft_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Aircraft-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The latest E-2 version is the <i>E-2D Advanced Hawkeye</i>, which features the new <span class="anchor" id="AN/APY-9"></span>AN/APY-9 radar.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The APY-9 radar has been speculated to be capable of detecting fighter-sized stealth aircraft, which are typically optimized against high frequencies like Ka, Ku, X, C and parts of the S-bands. Historically, UHF radars had resolution and detection issues that made them ineffective for accurate targeting and fire control; Northrop Grumman and Lockheed claim that the APY-9 has solved these shortcomings in the APY-9 using advanced electronic scanning and high digital computing power via space/time adaptive processing.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beriev_A-50">Beriev A-50</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airborne_early_warning_and_control&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Beriev A-50"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Beriev_A-50" title="Beriev A-50">Beriev A-50</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%A0%D0%9B%D0%9E_%D0%90-50%D0%A3_(1).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%A0%D0%9B%D0%9E_%D0%90-50%D0%A3_%281%29.png/220px-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%A0%D0%9B%D0%9E_%D0%90-50%D0%A3_%281%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%A0%D0%9B%D0%9E_%D0%90-50%D0%A3_%281%29.png/330px-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%A0%D0%9B%D0%9E_%D0%90-50%D0%A3_%281%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%A0%D0%9B%D0%9E_%D0%90-50%D0%A3_%281%29.png/440px-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%A0%D0%9B%D0%9E_%D0%90-50%D0%A3_%281%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1490" data-file-height="802" /></a><figcaption>Beriev A-50</figcaption></figure> <p>The Russian Aerospace Forces are currently using approximately 3-5 <a href="/wiki/Beriev_A-50" title="Beriev A-50">Beriev A-50 and A-50U "Shmel"</a> in the AEW role. The "Mainstay" is based on the <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-76" title="Ilyushin Il-76">Ilyushin Il-76</a> airframe, with a large non-rotating disk radome on the rear fuselage. These replaced the 12 <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-126" title="Tupolev Tu-126">Tupolev Tu-126</a> that filled the role previously. The A-50 and A-50U will eventually be replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Beriev_A-100" title="Beriev A-100">Beriev A-100</a>, which features an AESA array in the radome and is based on the updated Il-476.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="KJ-2000">KJ-2000</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airborne_early_warning_and_control&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: KJ-2000"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/KJ-2000" title="KJ-2000">KJ-2000</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KJ2000_at_2014_Zhuhai_Air_Show.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/KJ2000_at_2014_Zhuhai_Air_Show.jpg/220px-KJ2000_at_2014_Zhuhai_Air_Show.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/KJ2000_at_2014_Zhuhai_Air_Show.jpg/330px-KJ2000_at_2014_Zhuhai_Air_Show.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/KJ2000_at_2014_Zhuhai_Air_Show.jpg/440px-KJ2000_at_2014_Zhuhai_Air_Show.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>KJ-2000 at 2014 Zhuhai Air Show</figcaption></figure> <p>In May 1997, Russia and Israel agreed to jointly fulfill an order from China to develop and deliver an early warning system. China reportedly ordered one <a href="/wiki/EL/M-2075" class="mw-redirect" title="EL/M-2075">Phalcon</a> for $250 million, which entailed retrofitting a Russian-made Ilyushin-76 cargo plane [also incorrectly reported as a Beriev A-50 Mainstay] with advanced Elta electronic, computer, radar and communications systems. Beijing was expected to acquire several Phalcon AEW systems, and reportedly could buy at least three more [and possibly up to eight] of these systems, the prototype of which was planned for testing beginning in 2000. In July 2000, the US pressured Israel to back out of the $1 billion agreement to sell China four Phalcon phased-array radar systems. Following the cancelled A-50I/Phalcon deal, China turned to indigenous solutions. The Phalcon radar and other electronic systems were taken off from the unfinished Il-76, and the airframe was handed to China via Russia in 2002. The Chinese AWACS has a unique phased array radar (PAR) carried in a round radome. Unlike the US AWACS aircraft, which rotate their rotodomes to give a 360 degree coverage, the radar antenna of the Chinese AWACS does not rotate. Instead, three PAR antenna modules are placed in a triangular configuration inside the round radome to provide a 360 degree coverage. The installation of equipment at the Il-76 began in late 2002 aircraft by Xian aircraft industries (Xian Aircraft Industry Co.). The first flight of an airplane <a href="/wiki/KJ-2000" title="KJ-2000">KJ-2000</a> made in November 2003. All four machines will be equipped with this type. The last to be introduced into service the Chinese Air Force until the end of 2007.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> China is also developing a carrier-based AEW&C, <a href="/wiki/Xian_KJ-600" class="mw-redirect" title="Xian KJ-600">Xian KJ-600</a> via Y-7 derived Xian JZY-01 testbed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EL/W-2085_AEW&C"><span id="EL.2FW-2085_AEW.26C"></span>EL/W-2085 AEW&C</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airborne_early_warning_and_control&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: EL/W-2085 AEW&C"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/EL/W-2085" title="EL/W-2085">EL/W-2085</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RSAF_Gulfstream_IAI_G550_CAEW_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/RSAF_Gulfstream_IAI_G550_CAEW_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-RSAF_Gulfstream_IAI_G550_CAEW_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/RSAF_Gulfstream_IAI_G550_CAEW_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-RSAF_Gulfstream_IAI_G550_CAEW_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/RSAF_Gulfstream_IAI_G550_CAEW_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-RSAF_Gulfstream_IAI_G550_CAEW_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3694" data-file-height="2356" /></a><figcaption>Republic of Singapore Air Force Gulfstream G550 CAEW</figcaption></figure> <p>The EL/W-2085 is an airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) multi-band radar system developed by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and its subsidiary Elta Systems of Israel. Its primary objective is to provide intelligence to maintain air superiority and conduct surveillance. The system is currently in service with Israel, Italy, and Singapore. Instead of using a rotodome, a moving radar was found on some AEW&C aircraft, and the EL/W-2085 used an active electronically scanned array (AESA) – an active phased array radar. This radar consists of an array of transmit/receive (T/R) modules that allow a beam to be electronically steered, making a physically rotating rotodome unnecessary. </p><p>AESA radars operate on a pseudorandom set of frequencies and also have very short scanning rates, which makes them difficult to detect and jam. Up to 1000 targets can be tracked simultaneously to a range of 243 mi (450 km), while at the same time, multitudes of air-to-air interceptions or air-to-surface (including maritime) attacks can be guided simultaneously. The radar equipment of the Israeli AEW&C consists of each L-band radar on the left and right sides of the fuselage and each S-band antenna in the nose and tail. The phased array allows aircraft positions on operator screens to be updated every 2–4 seconds rather than every 10 seconds, as is the case on the rotodome AWACS.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ELTA was the first company to introduce an Active Electronically Scanned Array Airborne (AESA) Early Warning Aircraft and implement advanced mission aircraft using efficient, high-performance business jet platforms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netra_AEW&CS"><span id="Netra_AEW.26CS"></span>Netra AEW&CS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airborne_early_warning_and_control&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Netra AEW&CS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/DRDO_AEW%26CS" title="DRDO AEW&CS">DRDO AEW&CS</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DRDO_AEW%26C_Embraer_ERJ_145.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/DRDO_AEW%26C_Embraer_ERJ_145.JPG/220px-DRDO_AEW%26C_Embraer_ERJ_145.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/DRDO_AEW%26C_Embraer_ERJ_145.JPG/330px-DRDO_AEW%26C_Embraer_ERJ_145.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/DRDO_AEW%26C_Embraer_ERJ_145.JPG/440px-DRDO_AEW%26C_Embraer_ERJ_145.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1334" data-file-height="876" /></a><figcaption>Netra AEW&C in Aero India 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2003, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a> (IAF) and <a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">Defence Research and Development Organisation</a> (DRDO) began a study of requirements for developing an Airborne Early Warning and Control (AWAC) system.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, DRDO delivered 3 AWACs, called <a href="/wiki/DRDO_AEW%26CS" title="DRDO AEW&CS">Netra</a>, to the IAF with an advanced Indian AESA radar system fitted on the Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Embraer_ERJ_family#Military_models" title="Embraer ERJ family">Embraer EMB-145</a> air frame.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Netra gives a 240-degree coverage of airspace. The Emb-145 also has air-to-air refuelling capability for longer surveillance time. The IAF also operates three Israeli <a href="/wiki/EL/W-2090" title="EL/W-2090">EL/W-2090</a> systems, mounted on <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-76" title="Ilyushin Il-76">Ilyushin Il-76</a> airframes, the first of which first arrived on 25 May 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">DRDO</a> proposed a more advanced AWACS with a longer range and with a 360-degree coverage akin to the Phalcon system, based on the <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A330_MRTT#India" title="Airbus A330 MRTT">Airbus A330</a> airframe,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but given the costs involved there is also the possibility of converting used A320 airliners as well.<sup id="cite_ref-a320conv1_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a320conv1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IAF has plans to develop 6 more Netra AEW&CS based on <a href="/wiki/Embraer_ERJ_family#Military_models" title="Embraer ERJ family">Embraer EMB-145</a> platform<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and another 6 based on Airbus A321 platform.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These systems are expected to have an enhanced performance including range and azimuth </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boeing_737_AEW&C"><span id="Boeing_737_AEW.26C"></span>Boeing 737 AEW&C</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airborne_early_warning_and_control&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Boeing 737 AEW&C"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737_AEW%26C" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 737 AEW&C">Boeing 737 AEW&C</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Royal Australian Air Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Air_Force" title="Republic of Korea Air Force">Republic of Korea Air Force</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Air_Force" title="Turkish Air Force">Turkish Air Force</a> are deploying <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737_AEW%26C" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 737 AEW&C">Boeing 737 AEW&C</a> aircraft. The Boeing 737 AEW&C has a fixed, <a href="/wiki/Active_electronically_scanned_array" title="Active electronically scanned array">active electronically scanned array</a> radar antenna instead of a mechanically-rotating one, and is capable of simultaneous air and sea search, fighter control and area search, with a maximum range of over 600 km (look-up mode). In addition, the radar antenna array is also doubled as an <a href="/wiki/ELINT" class="mw-redirect" title="ELINT">ELINT</a> array, with a maximum range of over 850 km at 9,000 metres (30,000 ft) altitude.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aeronaves_%C3%81gata_7_-_FAB_-_EMB145_Erieye.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Aeronaves_%C3%81gata_7_-_FAB_-_EMB145_Erieye.jpg/220px-Aeronaves_%C3%81gata_7_-_FAB_-_EMB145_Erieye.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Aeronaves_%C3%81gata_7_-_FAB_-_EMB145_Erieye.jpg/330px-Aeronaves_%C3%81gata_7_-_FAB_-_EMB145_Erieye.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Aeronaves_%C3%81gata_7_-_FAB_-_EMB145_Erieye.jpg/440px-Aeronaves_%C3%81gata_7_-_FAB_-_EMB145_Erieye.jpg 2x" data-file-width="934" data-file-height="584" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Air_Force" title="Brazilian Air Force">Brazilian Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Embraer_R-99" title="Embraer R-99">Embraer R-99</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erieye/GlobalEye"><span id="Erieye.2FGlobalEye"></span>Erieye/GlobalEye</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airborne_early_warning_and_control&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Erieye/GlobalEye"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Erieye" title="Erieye">Erieye</a> and <a href="/wiki/GlobalEye" title="GlobalEye">GlobalEye</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Air_Force" title="Swedish Air Force">Swedish Air Force</a> uses the <a href="/wiki/Saab_340_AEW%26C" title="Saab 340 AEW&C">S 100D Argus ASC890</a> as its AEW platform. The S 100D Argus is based on the <a href="/wiki/Saab_340" title="Saab 340">Saab 340</a> with an <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a> <a href="/wiki/Erieye_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Erieye radar">Erieye PS-890</a> radar. Saab also offers the <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Global_Express" title="Bombardier Global Express">Bombardier Global 6000</a>-based <a href="/wiki/GlobalEye" title="GlobalEye">GlobalEye</a>. In early 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">Pakistan Air Force</a> ordered six <a href="/wiki/Erieye" title="Erieye">Erieye</a> AEW equipped <a href="/wiki/Saab_2000" title="Saab 2000">Saab 2000s</a> from Sweden.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Navy" title="Pakistan Navy">Pakistan Navy</a> requested three excess <a href="/wiki/P-3_Orion" class="mw-redirect" title="P-3 Orion">P-3 Orion</a> aircraft to be equipped with Hawkeye 2000 AEW systems.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China and Pakistan also signed a <a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_understanding" title="Memorandum of understanding">memorandum of understanding</a> (MoU) for the joint development of AEW&C systems.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Air_Force" title="Hellenic Air Force">Hellenic Air Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Air_Force" title="Brazilian Air Force">Brazilian Air Force</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Air_Force" title="Mexican Air Force">Mexican Air Force</a> use the <a href="/wiki/Embraer_R-99" title="Embraer R-99">Embraer R-99</a> with an <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a> Erieye PS-890 radar, as on the S 100D.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airborne_early_warning_and_control&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Israel has developed the IAI/Elta <a href="/wiki/EL/M-2075" class="mw-redirect" title="EL/M-2075">EL/M-2075</a> Phalcon system, which uses an AESA (<a href="/wiki/Active_electronically_scanned_array" title="Active electronically scanned array">active electronically scanned array</a>) in lieu of a rotodome antenna. The system was the first such system to enter service. The original <a href="/wiki/EL/M-2075" class="mw-redirect" title="EL/M-2075">Phalcon</a> was mounted on a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">Boeing 707</a><sup id="cite_ref-B707_Phalcon,_Israeli_Weapons.com_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B707_Phalcon,_Israeli_Weapons.com-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and developed for the Israeli Defense Force and for export. Israel uses <a href="/wiki/IAI_EL/W-2085" class="mw-redirect" title="IAI EL/W-2085">IAI EL/W-2085</a> airborne early warning and control multi-band radar system on <a href="/wiki/Gulfstream_G550" title="Gulfstream G550">Gulfstream G550</a>; this platform is considered to be both more capable and less expensive to operate than the older Boeing 707-based Phalcon fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, India announced plans to purchase six airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) ("AWACS") aircraft that can also perform aerial refuelling,<sup id="cite_ref-indiaawacs_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indiaawacs-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the first two AEW&C aircraft awaiting approval by Cabinet in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in September 2021, it was decided to use six <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A321" title="Airbus A321">Airbus A321s</a> acquired from <a href="/wiki/Air_India" title="Air India">Air India</a> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Helicopter_AEW_systems">Helicopter AEW systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airborne_early_warning_and_control&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Helicopter AEW systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Navy_AEW_Seaking_Helicopter_from_849_Naval_Air_Squadron_MOD_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Royal_Navy_AEW_Seaking_Helicopter_from_849_Naval_Air_Squadron_MOD_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Royal_Navy_AEW_Seaking_Helicopter_from_849_Naval_Air_Squadron_MOD_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Royal_Navy_AEW_Seaking_Helicopter_from_849_Naval_Air_Squadron_MOD_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Royal_Navy_AEW_Seaking_Helicopter_from_849_Naval_Air_Squadron_MOD_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Royal_Navy_AEW_Seaking_Helicopter_from_849_Naval_Air_Squadron_MOD_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Royal_Navy_AEW_Seaking_Helicopter_from_849_Naval_Air_Squadron_MOD_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2985" data-file-height="1958" /></a><figcaption>An AEW <a href="/wiki/Westland_Sea_King" title="Westland Sea King">Westland Sea King</a> helicopter of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On 3 June 1957, the first of 2 HR2S-1W, a derivative of the <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_CH-37_Mojave" title="Sikorsky CH-37 Mojave">Sikorsky CH-37 Mojave</a>, was delivered to the US Navy, it used the <a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/APS-32&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/APS-32 (page does not exist)">AN/APS-32</a> but proved unreliable due to vibration.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British <a href="/wiki/Westland_Sea_King" title="Westland Sea King">Sea King ASaC7</a> naval helicopter was operated from both the <a href="/wiki/Invincible-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Invincible-class aircraft carrier"><i>Invincible</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carriers</a> and later the helicopter carrier <a href="/wiki/HMS_Ocean_(L12)" title="HMS Ocean (L12)">HMS <i>Ocean</i></a>. The creation of Sea King ASaC7, and earlier AEW.2 and AEW.5 models, came as the consequence of lessons learnt by the Royal Navy during the 1982 <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a> when the lack of AEW coverage for the task force was a major tactical handicap, and rendered them vulnerable to low-level attack.<sup id="cite_ref-Armistead_131_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armistead_131-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sea King was determined to be both more practical and responsive than the proposed alternative of relying on the RAF's land-based <a href="/wiki/Avro_Shackleton" title="Avro Shackleton">Shackleton</a> AEW.2 fleet. The first examples were a pair of Sea King HAS2s that had the <a href="/wiki/Thorn-EMI" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorn-EMI">Thorn-EMI</a> ARI 5980/3 <a href="/wiki/Searchwater_(radar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Searchwater (radar)">Searchwater LAST radar</a> attached to the fuselage on a swivel arm and protected by an inflatable dome.<sup id="cite_ref-Armistead_131_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armistead_131-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The improved Sea King ASaC7 featured the Searchwater 2000AEW radar, which was capable of simultaneously tracking up to 400 targets, instead of an earlier limit of 250 targets.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Armistead_132-134_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armistead_132-134-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy" title="Spanish Navy">Spanish Navy</a> fields the <a href="/wiki/SH-3_Sea_King" class="mw-redirect" title="SH-3 Sea King">SH-3 Sea King</a> in the same role, operated from the LPH <a href="/wiki/Spanish_landing_helicopter_dock_Juan_Carlos_I" title="Spanish landing helicopter dock Juan Carlos I"><i>Juan Carlos I</i></a>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland_AW101" title="AgustaWestland AW101">AgustaWestland EH-101A AEW</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Navy" title="Italian Navy">Italian Navy</a> is operated from the aircraft carriers <a href="/wiki/Italian_aircraft_carrier_Cavour" title="Italian aircraft carrier Cavour"><i>Cavour</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_aircraft_carrier_Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Italian aircraft carrier Giuseppe Garibaldi"><i>Giuseppe Garibaldi</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-difesa_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-difesa-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 2010s, the Royal Navy opted to replace its Sea Kings with a modular "Crowsnest" system that can be fitted to any of their Merlin HM2 fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Crowsnest system was partially based upon the Sea King ASaC7's equipment; an unsuccessful bid by Lockheed Martin had proposed using a new multi-functional sensor for either the AW101 or another aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Russian-built <a href="/wiki/Kamov_Ka-31" title="Kamov Ka-31">Kamov Ka-31</a> is deployed by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a> on the aircraft carriers <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikramaditya" title="INS Vikramaditya">INS <i>Vikramaditya</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/INS_Vikrant_(2013)" title="INS Vikrant (2013)">INS <i>Vikrant</i></a> and also on <a href="/wiki/Talwar-class_frigate" title="Talwar-class frigate"><i>Talwar</i>-class frigates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Russian Navy has two Ka-31R variants, at least one of which was deployed on their aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/Russian_aircraft_carrier_Admiral_Kuznetsov" title="Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov"><i>Admiral Kuznetsov</i></a> in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is fitted with E-801M Oko (Eye) airborne electronic warfare radar that can track 20 targets simultaneously, detecting aircraft up to 150 km (90 mi) away, and surface warships up to 200 km (120 mi) distant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airborne_early_warning_and_control&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airborne_early_warning_aircraft" title="List of airborne early warning aircraft">List of airborne early warning aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AEW%26C_aircraft_operators" title="List of AEW&C aircraft operators">List of AEW&C aircraft operators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_ground_surveillance" title="Airborne ground surveillance">Airborne ground surveillance</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/JSTARS" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTARS">JSTARS</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airborne_early_warning_and_control&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airborne_early_warning_and_control&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neufeld 1997, p. 276.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neufeld 1997, p. 278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon 2010, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boeing.mediaroom.com/1998-03-11-Boeing-Delivers-First-Two-767-AWACS-Introduces-Newest-Member-of-AEW-C-Family">"Boeing Delivers First Two 767 AWACS, Introduces Newest Member of AEW&C Family"</a>. <i>MediaRoom</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MediaRoom&rft.atitle=Boeing+Delivers+First+Two+767+AWACS%2C+Introduces+Newest+Member+of+AEW%26C+Family&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fboeing.mediaroom.com%2F1998-03-11-Boeing-Delivers-First-Two-767-AWACS-Introduces-Newest-Member-of-AEW-C-Family&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAirborne+early+warning+and+control" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gap-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gap_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gap_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040627142853/http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/aureview/1972/may-jun/pearce.html">"AWACS to Bridge the Technological Gap"</a>. Air University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/aureview/1972/may-jun/pearce.html">the original</a> on 27 June 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AWACS+to+Bridge+the+Technological+Gap&rft.pub=Air+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airpower.maxwell.af.mil%2Fairchronicles%2Faureview%2F1972%2Fmay-jun%2Fpearce.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAirborne+early+warning+and+control" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nato.int/nato_static/assets/pdf/pdf_publications/20120103_awacs-e.pdf">"AWACS: Nato's eyes in the sky"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2016</span>. <q>L-304E with 4096 words of memory was completed and put in operation. 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St Paul, Minnesota: Zenith Imprint, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7603-1140-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7603-1140-4">0-7603-1140-4</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies" class="citation magazine cs1">Davies, Ed. "AWACS Origins: Brassboard – Quest for the E-3 Radar". <i><a href="/wiki/Air_Enthusiast" title="Air Enthusiast">Air Enthusiast</a></i>. No. 119, September/October 2005. Stamford, Lincs, UK: Key Publishing. pp. 2–6. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450">0143-5450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Enthusiast&rft.atitle=AWACS+Origins%3A+Brassboard+%E2%80%93+Quest+for+the+E-3+Radar&rft.issue=119%2C+September%2FOctober+2005&rft.pages=2-6&rft.issn=0143-5450&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Ed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAirborne+early+warning+and+control" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibson2011" class="citation book cs1">Gibson, Chris (2011). <i>The Admiralty and AEW: Royal Navy Airborne Early Warning Projects</i>. Blue Envoy Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0956195128" title="Special:BookSources/978-0956195128"><bdi>978-0956195128</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Admiralty+and+AEW%3A+Royal+Navy+Airborne+Early+Warning+Projects&rft.pub=Blue+Envoy+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0956195128&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAirborne+early+warning+and+control" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordonKomissarov2010" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, Yefim; Komissarov, Dmitriy (2010). <i>Soviet/Russian AWACS Aircraft: Tu-126, A-50, An-71, Ka-31</i>. Red Star Vol. 23. Hinckley, England: Midland Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1857802153" title="Special:BookSources/978-1857802153"><bdi>978-1857802153</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soviet%2FRussian+AWACS+Aircraft%3A+Tu-126%2C+A-50%2C+An-71%2C+Ka-31&rft.place=Hinckley%2C+England&rft.series=Red+Star+Vol.+23&rft.pub=Midland+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1857802153&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Yefim&rft.au=Komissarov%2C+Dmitriy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAirborne+early+warning+and+control" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordonDavison2006" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, Yefim; Davison, Peter (2006). <i>Tupolev Tu-95 Bear</i>. Warbird Tech. Vol. 43. North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58007-102-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58007-102-4"><bdi>978-1-58007-102-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tupolev+Tu-95+Bear&rft.place=North+Branch%2C+Minnesota&rft.series=Warbird+Tech&rft.pub=Specialty+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-58007-102-4&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Yefim&rft.au=Davison%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAirborne+early+warning+and+control" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHazell2000" class="citation book cs1">Hazell, Steve (2000). <i>Fairey Gannet</i>. Warpaint Series No.23. Buckinghamshire, England: Hall Park Books. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1363-0369">1363-0369</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fairey+Gannet&rft.place=Buckinghamshire%2C+England&rft.series=Warpaint+Series+No.23&rft.pub=Hall+Park+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.issn=1363-0369&rft.aulast=Hazell&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAirborne+early+warning+and+control" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirst1983" class="citation book cs1">Hirst, Mike (1983). <i>Airborne Early Warning: Design, Development, and Operations</i>. London: Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85045-532-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85045-532-8"><bdi>978-0-85045-532-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Airborne+Early+Warning%3A+Design%2C+Development%2C+and+Operations&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-85045-532-8&rft.aulast=Hirst&rft.aufirst=Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAirborne+early+warning+and+control" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurturk1998" class="citation book cs1">Hurturk, Kivanc N. (1998). <i>History of the Boeing 707</i>. New Hills: Buchair. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9666368-0-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-9666368-0-5"><bdi>0-9666368-0-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Boeing+707&rft.place=New+Hills&rft.pub=Buchair&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-9666368-0-5&rft.aulast=Hurturk&rft.aufirst=Kivanc+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAirborne+early+warning+and+control" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLake2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Lake, Jon (February 2009). "Aircraft of the RAF – Part 10 Sentry AEW.1". <i><a href="/wiki/Air_International" title="Air International">Air International</a></i>. Vol. 76, no. 2. Stamford, UK: Key Publishing. pp. 44–47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+International&rft.atitle=Aircraft+of+the+RAF+%E2%80%93+Part+10+Sentry+AEW.1&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=44-47&rft.date=2009-02&rft.aulast=Lake&rft.aufirst=Jon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAirborne+early+warning+and+control" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLloyd1987" class="citation book cs1">Lloyd, Alwyn T. (1987). <i>Boeing 707 & AWACS</i>. in Detail and Scale. Falbrook, CA: Aero Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8306-8533-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8306-8533-2"><bdi>0-8306-8533-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boeing+707+%26+AWACS&rft.place=Falbrook%2C+CA&rft.series=in+Detail+and+Scale&rft.pub=Aero+Publishers&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-8306-8533-2&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=Alwyn+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAirborne+early+warning+and+control" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeufeldWatsonChenoweth1997" class="citation book cs1">Neufeld, Jacob; Watson, George M. Jr.; Chenoweth, David (1997). <i>Technology and the Air Force. A Retrospective Assessment</i>. Washington, D.C.: United States Air Force. pp. 267–287.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Technology+and+the+Air+Force.+A+Retrospective+Assessment&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=267-287&rft.pub=United+States+Air+Force&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Neufeld&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft.au=Watson%2C+George+M.+Jr.&rft.au=Chenoweth%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAirborne+early+warning+and+control" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA440094&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf">http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA440094&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121007221217/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA440094&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf">Archived</a> 7 October 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPither1998" class="citation book cs1">Pither, Tony (1998). <i>The Boeing 707 720 and C-135</i>. Air-Britain (Historians). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85130-236-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-85130-236-X"><bdi>0-85130-236-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Boeing+707+720+and+C-135&rft.pub=Air-Britain+%28Historians%29&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-85130-236-X&rft.aulast=Pither&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAirborne+early+warning+and+control" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Tyack, Bill "Maritime Patrol in the Piston Engine Era" <i>Royal Air Force Historical Society Journal</i> <b>33</b>, 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1361-4231">1361-4231</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1998" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Stewart (1998). <i>Boeing 707, Douglas DC-8, and Vickers VC-10</i>. Fyshwick, Australia: Aerospace Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-875671-36-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-875671-36-6"><bdi>1-875671-36-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boeing+707%2C+Douglas+DC-8%2C+and+Vickers+VC-10&rft.place=Fyshwick%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Aerospace+Publications&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-875671-36-6&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Stewart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAirborne+early+warning+and+control" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airborne_early_warning_and_control&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Airborne_early_warning_aircraft" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Airborne early warning aircraft">Airborne early warning aircraft</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121007221217/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA440094&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf">AWACS and JSTARS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150801004632/http://awacs-spotter.nl/">NATO AWACS-Spotter Geilenkirchen website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/e-3.htm">FAS.org E-3 Sentry information</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080218070817/http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/infoelect/awacs/index.html">Boeing AWACS website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aewa.org">Airborne Early Warning Association website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110903192613/http://legion.wplus.net/guide/air/m/tu126.shtml">TU-126 MOSS AWACS – history of development</a>- in Russian</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hist.rloc.ru/lobanov/3_01.htm">Airborne radar "Gneis-2"</a> – in Russian</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htecm/articles/20180228.aspx">"Electronic Weapons: AWACS Then And Forever"</a>. <i>strategypage.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=strategypage.com&rft.atitle=Electronic+Weapons%3A+AWACS+Then+And+Forever&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.strategypage.com%2Fhtmw%2Fhtecm%2Farticles%2F20180228.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAirborne+early+warning+and+control" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_aircraft_types_(roles)" title="Template talk:Military aircraft types (roles)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_aircraft_types_(roles)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military aircraft types (roles)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modern_military_aircraft_types_and_roles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Modern <a href="/wiki/Military_aircraft" title="Military aircraft">military aircraft</a> types and roles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airship" title="Airship">Airship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_military_ballooning" title="History of military ballooning">Balloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_aircraft" title="Military aircraft">Fixed-wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_glider" title="Military glider">Glider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_helicopter" title="Military helicopter">Helicopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">Unmanned <span style="font-size:85%;">(UAV)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stealth_aircraft" title="Stealth aircraft">Stealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Combat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Airborne early warning and control</a> (AEW&C)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_aircraft" title="Attack aircraft">Attack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counter-insurgency_aircraft" title="Counter-insurgency aircraft">Counter-insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunship" title="Gunship">Gunship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">Bomber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_bomber" title="Heavy bomber">Heavy bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_bomber" title="Light bomber">Light bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_bomber" title="Medium bomber">Medium bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bomber" title="Strategic bomber">Strategic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penetrator_(aircraft)" title="Penetrator (aircraft)">Penetrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathfinder_(RAF)" title="Pathfinder (RAF)">Pathfinder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier-based_aircraft" title="Carrier-based aircraft">Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">Close air support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_warfare_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic warfare aircraft">Electronic warfare <span style="font-size:85%;">(EW)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intruder_(air_combat)" title="Intruder (air combat)">Intruder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_superiority_fighter" title="Air superiority fighter">Air superiority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interceptor_aircraft" title="Interceptor aircraft">Interceptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_fighter" title="Emergency fighter">Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escort_fighter" title="Escort fighter">Escort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_fighter" title="Night fighter">Night</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_patrol_aircraft" title="Maritime patrol aircraft">Maritime patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multirole_combat_aircraft" title="Multirole combat aircraft">Multi-role</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interdictor" title="Interdictor">Interdictor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighter-bomber" title="Fighter-bomber">Fighter-bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_fighter" title="Strike fighter">Strike fighter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Non-combat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_aircraft" title="Experimental aircraft">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaison_aircraft" title="Liaison aircraft">Liaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Reconnaissance aircraft">Reconnaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scout_(aircraft)" title="Scout (aircraft)">Scout</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveillance_aircraft" title="Surveillance aircraft">Surveillance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scout_plane" title="Scout plane">Scout</a></li></ul></li> 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