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Rauf</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Rosmala Rauf"> <meta name="keywords" content="Rosmala Rauf"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Rosmala Rauf"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 17</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Rosmala Rauf</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> The Effectiveness of the Management of Zakat on Dompet Dhuafa in Makassar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Qalbi%20Awaliyah">Nurul Qalbi Awaliyah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosmala%20Rauf"> Rosmala Rauf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indrawan"> Indrawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suherman"> Suherman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zakat is a certain amount of property which shall be issued by Moslems and given to groups who deserve it (the poor and so on) according to the conditions set by the sharia. This research aims to know the effectiveness of the management of zakat on Dompet Dhuafa in Makasar. The type of research used is quantitative research with descriptive research method. Data collection was done through the dissemination of Likert scale and measurement of the now. The samples were analyzed by as much as 68 and analyzed using SPSS 18.0. The results of the analysis of data obtained at the level of effectiveness of management of zakat in Makassar from all aspects based on SPSS has a mean 140.04 median, minimum, 141 122, and a maximum of 164. The value of all the indicators of assessment of the effectiveness of the management of zakat on Dompet Dhuafa in Makassar has an average score of (M) of 112.5 and standard deviation (SD) of 37.5. The results show that the level of effectiveness of management of zakat in Makassar city is in the category of effective percentage 85,3%. Based on the results it can be concluded that management of zakat on Dompet Dhuafa in Makassar city has been implemented effectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dompet%20Duafa" title="Dompet Duafa">Dompet Duafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effectiveness" title=" effectiveness"> effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakat" title=" Zakat"> Zakat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70582/the-effectiveness-of-the-management-of-zakat-on-dompet-dhuafa-in-makassar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Economic Growth of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nayyra%20Zeb">Nayyra Zeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fu%20Qiang"> Fu Qiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sundas%20Rauf"> Sundas Rauf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is often seen as a significant factor of economic development in developing countries like Pakistan. The aim of this article is to investigate the effect of FDI on Pakistan’s economic growth during 1972–2012. Besides FDI, three other variables such as trade openness, political instability and terrorist attacks are also used in this study. The least square method has been applied to check the effect of these variables on GDP of Pakistan. The results show that FDI has a positive significant effect on economic growth of Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FDI%20inflows" title="FDI inflows">FDI inflows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trade%20openness" title=" trade openness"> trade openness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20instability" title=" political instability"> political instability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrorist%20attacks" title=" terrorist attacks"> terrorist attacks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4309/role-of-foreign-direct-investment-in-economic-growth-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Citizenship Education and Access to Information for Political Socialization and Unity in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alh%20Rauf%20Bello%20Bella">Alh Rauf Bello Bella</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of citizenship education if properly executed is to create awareness and enlightenment in the society to bring tolerance and political unity among the people. For the citizenry to have a meaningful participation for the achievement of this objective in a modern society where democracy thrives, all citizens should also have access to information on all matters affecting their lives and well-being. The paper therefore examines the scope of citizenship education and the complementary role of information providers in the quest for political socialization and national unity. It emphasizes some issues of national unity which should be addressed through proper enlightenment of the citizenry and access to relevant and timely information at the grassroots. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citizenship%20education" title="citizenship education">citizenship education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20unity" title=" national unity"> national unity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20socialization" title=" political socialization"> political socialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22651/citizenship-education-and-access-to-information-for-political-socialization-and-unity-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22651.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Groundwater Vulnerability of Halabja-Khurmal Sub-Basin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lanja%20F.%20Rauf">Lanja F. Rauf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salahalddin%20S.%20Ali"> Salahalddin S. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadhir%20Al-Ansari"> Nadhir Al-Ansari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Evolving groundwater vulnerability from DRASTIC to modified DRASTIC methods helps choose the most accurate areas that are most delicate toward pollution. This study aims to modify DRASTIC with land use and water quality index for groundwater vulnerability assessment in the Halabja-Khurmal sub-basin, NE/Iraq. The Halabja- Khurmal sub-basin groundwater vulnerability index is calculated from nine hydrogeological parameters by the overlay weighting method. As a result, 1.3 % of the total area has a very high vulnerability value and 46.1 % with high vulnerability. The regions with high groundwater vulnerability have a high water table and groundwater recharge. Nitrate concentration was used to validate the result, and the Pearson correlation and recession analysis between the modified DRASTIC index and nitrate concentration depicted a strong relation with 0.76 and 0.7, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20vulnerability" title="groundwater vulnerability">groundwater vulnerability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20DRASTIC" title=" modified DRASTIC"> modified DRASTIC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land-use" title=" land-use"> land-use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrate%20pollution" title=" nitrate pollution"> nitrate pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality%20index" title=" water quality index"> water quality index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154484/groundwater-vulnerability-of-halabja-khurmal-sub-basin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154484.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Efficient Subsurface Mapping: Automatic Integration of Ground Penetrating Radar with Geographic Information Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rauf%20R.%20Hussein">Rauf R. Hussein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devon%20M.%20Ramey"> Devon M. Ramey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Integrating Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can provide valuable insights for various applications, such as archaeology, transportation, and utility locating. Although there has been progress toward automating the integration of GPR data with GIS, fully automatic integration has not been achieved yet. Additionally, manually integrating GPR data with GIS can be a time-consuming and error-prone process. In this study, actual, real-world GPR applications are presented, and a software named GPR-GIS 10 is created to interactively extract subsurface targets from GPR radargrams and automatically integrate them into GIS. With this software, it is possible to quickly and reliably integrate the two techniques to create informative subsurface maps. The results indicated that automatic integration of GPR with GIS can be an efficient tool to map and view any subsurface targets in their appropriate location in a 3D space with the needed precision. The findings of this study could help GPR-GIS integrators save time and reduce errors in many GPR-GIS applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPR" title="GPR">GPR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPR-GIS%2010" title=" GPR-GIS 10"> GPR-GIS 10</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drone%20technology" title=" drone technology"> drone technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automation" title=" automation"> automation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165895/efficient-subsurface-mapping-automatic-integration-of-ground-penetrating-radar-with-geographic-information-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165895.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Wear Behavior of Intermetallic (Ni3Al) Coating at High Temperature </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Mehmood">K. Mehmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Asif%20Rafiq"> Muhammad Asif Rafiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Nasir%20Khan"> A. Nasir Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mudassar%20Rauf"> M. Mudassar Rauf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Air plasma spraying system was utilized to deposit Ni3Al coatings on AISI 321 steel samples. After thermal spraying, the nickel aluminide intermetallic coatings were isothermal heat treated at various temperatures. In this regard, temperatures from 500 °C to 800 °C with 100 °C increments were selected. The coatings were soaked for 10, 30, 60 and 100 hours at the mentioned temperatures. These coatings were then tested by a pin on disk method. It was observed that the coatings exposed at comparatively higher temperature experienced lower wear rate. The decrease in wear rate is due to the formation of NiO phase. Further, the as sprayed and heat treated coatings were characterized by other tools such as Microhardness testing, optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction analysis. After isothermal heat treatment, NiO was observed the main phase by X-Ray diffraction technique. Moreover, the surface hardness was also determined higher than cross sectional hardness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20plasma%20spraying" title="air plasma spraying">air plasma spraying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ni%20-20Al" title=" Ni -20Al"> Ni -20Al</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribometer" title=" tribometer"> tribometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermetallic%20coating" title=" intermetallic coating"> intermetallic coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%20aluminide" title=" nickel aluminide "> nickel aluminide </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35455/wear-behavior-of-intermetallic-ni3al-coating-at-high-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> The Impact of Brand Loyalty on Product Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanzeel%20bin%20Abdul%20Rauf%20Patker">Tanzeel bin Abdul Rauf Patker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saba%20Mateen"> Saba Mateen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research investigates the impact of Brand Loyalty on the product performance and the factors those are considered more important in brand reputation. Variables selected for this research are Brand quality, Brand Equity, Brand Reputation to explore the impact of these variables on Product performance. For this purpose, primary research has been conducted. The questionnaire survey for this research study was administered among the population mainly at the shopping malls. For this research study, a sample size of 250 respondents has been taken into consideration. Customers from the shopping malls and university students constitute the sample for this research study using random sampling (non-probabilistic) used as a sampling technique for conducting the research survey. According to the results obtained from the collected data, it is interpreted that product performance shares a direct relationship with brand quality, brand quality, and brand reputation. Result also showed that brand quality and brand equity has a significant effect on product performance, whereas brand reputation has an insignificant effect on product performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20performance" title="product performance">product performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brand%20quality" title=" brand quality"> brand quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brand%20equity" title=" brand equity"> brand equity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brand%20reputation" title=" brand reputation"> brand reputation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48251/the-impact-of-brand-loyalty-on-product-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Spin-Dependent Transport Signatures of Bound States: From Finger to Top Gates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun-Hsuan%20Yu">Yun-Hsuan Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi-Shung%20Tang"> Chi-Shung Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nzar%20Rauf%20Abdullah"> Nzar Rauf Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vidar%20Gudmundsson"> Vidar Gudmundsson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spin-orbit gap feature in energy dispersion of one-dimensional devices is revealed via strong spin-orbit interaction (SOI) effects under Zeeman field. We describe the utilization of a finger-gate or a top-gate to control the spin-dependent transport characteristics in the SOI-Zeeman influenced split-gate devices by means of a generalized spin-mixed propagation matrix method. For the finger-gate system, we find a bound state in continuum for incident electrons within the ultra-low energy regime. For the top-gate system, we observe more bound-state features in conductance associated with the formation of spin-associated hole-like or electron-like quasi-bound states around band thresholds, as well as hole bound states around the reverse point of the energy dispersion. We demonstrate that the spin-dependent transport behavior of a top-gate system is similar to that of a finger-gate system only if the top-gate length is less than the effective Fermi wavelength. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spin-orbit" title="spin-orbit">spin-orbit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeeman" title=" zeeman"> zeeman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=top-gate" title=" top-gate"> top-gate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finger-gate" title=" finger-gate"> finger-gate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bound%20state" title=" bound state"> bound state</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82686/spin-dependent-transport-signatures-of-bound-states-from-finger-to-top-gates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Using Kalosara Tradition for Conflict Resolution in Tolaki's People, Southeast Sulawesi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Ramis%20Rauf">S. S. Ramis Rauf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study will be explained the role of local wisdom in Tolakinese customary law on customs offense. The scope of this study was the informants who have a conflict located in Southeast Sulawesi. Then, their conflicts were resolved by using Kalosara tradition. The method of this study was a qualitative research by applying the techniques of deep interviews, revealing experiences and stories from informants, interviews customary leaders who are skilled and experienced in the customary settlement process of Kalosara tradition. Kalosara, as Tolakinese local wisdom, has contained in Tolakinese customary law. Kalosara was the application of customary law which was guided by Tolaki’s people when there was a problem. Knowledge and understanding of the customs have been conceived as something that comes from the ancestors. They created custom rules based on the law of Allah SWT for the elderly to do with full of awareness. Then, it was hereditary obeying by their children from generation to generation. The conflict occurred because of several things, namely bad words, aspersion, and other violations (such as harassment and affair). In custom settlement process, kalosara was done by using the enforcement of Tolakinese customary law that managed within an institution. It was called as Sara Wonua. It led by someone who was called as Pu'utobu that serves as a customary leader. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kalosara" title="kalosara">kalosara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict%20resolution" title=" conflict resolution"> conflict resolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tradition" title=" tradition"> tradition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unity" title=" unity"> unity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title=" diversity"> diversity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77492/using-kalosara-tradition-for-conflict-resolution-in-tolakis-people-southeast-sulawesi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77492.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Classroom Incivility Behaviours among Medical Students: A Comparative Study in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manal%20Rauf">Manal Rauf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Trained medical practitioners are produced from medical colleges serving in public and private sectors. Prime responsibility of teaching faculty is to inculcate required work ethic among the students by serving as role models for them. It is an observed fact that classroom incivility behaviours are providing a friction in achieving these targets. Present study aimed at identification of classroom incivility behaviours observed by teachers and students of public and private medical colleges as per Glasser’s Choice Theory, making a comparison and investigating the strategies being adopted by teachers of both sectors to control undesired class room behaviours. Findings revealed that a significant difference occurs between teacher and student incivility behaviours. Public sector teacher focussed on survival as a strong factor behind in civil behaviours whereas private sector teachers considered power as the precedent for incivility. Teachers of both sectors are required to use verbal as well as non-verbal immediacy to reach a healthy leaning environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classroom%20incivility%20behaviour" title="classroom incivility behaviour">classroom incivility behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glasser%20choice%20theory" title=" glasser choice theory"> glasser choice theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrabian%20immediacy%20theory" title=" Mehrabian immediacy theory"> Mehrabian immediacy theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55610/classroom-incivility-behaviours-among-medical-students-a-comparative-study-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55610.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Multi-Class Text Classification Using Ensembles of Classifiers </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Basit%20Ali%20Shah%20Bukhari">Syed Basit Ali Shah Bukhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20%20Qiang"> Yan Qiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Abdul%20Rauf"> Saad Abdul Rauf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Saqlaina%20Bukhari"> Syed Saqlaina Bukhari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Text Classification is the methodology to classify any given text into the respective category from a given set of categories. It is highly important and vital to use proper set of pre-processing , feature selection and classification techniques to achieve this purpose. In this paper we have used different ensemble techniques along with variance in feature selection parameters to see the change in overall accuracy of the result and also on some other individual class based features which include precision value of each individual category of the text. After subjecting our data through pre-processing and feature selection techniques , different individual classifiers were tested first and after that classifiers were combined to form ensembles to increase their accuracy. Later we also studied the impact of decreasing the classification categories on over all accuracy of data. Text classification is highly used in sentiment analysis on social media sites such as twitter for realizing people’s opinions about any cause or it is also used to analyze customer’s reviews about certain products or services. Opinion mining is a vital task in data mining and text categorization is a back-bone to opinion mining. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natural%20Language%20Processing" title="Natural Language Processing">Natural Language Processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ensemble%20Classifier" title=" Ensemble Classifier"> Ensemble Classifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bagging%20Classifier" title=" Bagging Classifier"> Bagging Classifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AdaBoost" title=" AdaBoost"> AdaBoost</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123394/multi-class-text-classification-using-ensembles-of-classifiers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123394.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Critical Thinking and Academic Writing: A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubina%20Rauf">Mubina Rauf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Critical thinking is a highly valued outcome of university education. There is an agreement in literature that it is demonstrated through the abilities to highlight issues and assumptions, find links between ideas and concepts, make correct inferences, evaluate evidence or authority and deduce conclusions (Tsui, 2002). Although Critical thinking plays a significant role in developing all academic skills, its role in developing writing skills is significant (Kurfiss, 1988). SAW (student academic writing) is an observable output of critical thinking (Wilson K. , 2016). When students apply critical thinking to their writing, they present clear, accurate, significant and logical arguments constructing their own voice in the form of an essay or dissertation (Matsuda, 2001). This presentation will show how a rubric can be used to find evidence of critical thinking in SAW. Participants will experience how evidence-based written arguments supported by background knowledge and authorial voice can develop students into efficient critical thinkers. Participants will have an opportunity to use the rubric to find the evidence of critical thinking in SAW samples. This presentation is intended for classroom teachers with or without the basic knowledge of implementing critical thinking in academic settings. Participants will also learn tips how various features of critical thinking can be developed among students. After the session, the participants will be able to use or adapt the rubric according to their needs to find evidence of critical thinking in SAW within their context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20thinking" title="critical thinking">critical thinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubric" title=" Rubric"> Rubric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20academic%20writing" title=" student academic writing"> student academic writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=argumentation" title=" argumentation"> argumentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20analysis" title=" text analysis"> text analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174838/critical-thinking-and-academic-writing-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Highly Selective Conversion of CO2 to CO on Cu Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rauf%20Razzaq">Rauf Razzaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaiwu%20Dong"> Kaiwu Dong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sharif"> Muhammad Sharif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ralf%20Jackstell"> Ralf Jackstell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthias%20Beller"> Matthias Beller</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbon dioxide (CO2), a key greenhouse gas produced from both anthropogenic and natural sources, has been recently considered to be an important C1 building-block for the synthesis of many industrial fuels and chemicals. Catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 using a heterogeneous system is regarded as an efficient process for CO2 valorization. In this regard CO2 reduction to CO via the reverse water gas shift reaction (RWGSR) has attracted much attention as a viable process for large scale commercial CO2 utilization. This process can generate syn-gas (CO+H2) which can provide an alternative route to direct CO2 conversion to methanol and/or liquid HCs from FT reaction. Herein, we report a highly active and selective silica supported copper catalyst with efficient CO2 reduction to CO in a slurry-bed batch autoclave reactor. The reactions were carried out at 200°C and 60 bar initial pressure with CO2/H2 ratio of 1:3 with varying temperature, pressure and fed-gas ratio. The gaseous phase products were analyzed using FID while the liquid products were analyzed by using FID detectors. It was found that Cu/SiO2 catalyst prepared using novel ammonia precipitation-urea gelation method achieved 26% CO2 conversion with a CO and methanol selectivity of 98 and 2% respectively. The high catalytic activity could be attributed to its strong metal-support interaction with highly dispersed and stabilized Cu+ species active for RWGSR. So, it can be concluded that reduction of CO2 to CO via RWGSR could address the problem of using CO2 gas in C1 chemistry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20reduction" title="CO2 reduction">CO2 reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methanol" title=" methanol"> methanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slurry%20reactor" title=" slurry reactor"> slurry reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthesis%20gas" title=" synthesis gas"> synthesis gas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70058/highly-selective-conversion-of-co2-to-co-on-cu-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Evaluation of Drought Tolerant Sunflower Hybrids Indicated Their Broad Adaptability Under Stress Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Rauf">Saeed Rauf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Drought stress is a major production constraint in sunflowers and causes yield losses under tropical and subtropical environments having high evapo-tranpirational losses. Given the consequences, three trials were designed to evaluate drought-resistant sunflower hybrids. Research Methods: Field trials were conducted under a split-plot arrangement with 17 hybrids and two contrasting regimes at Sargodha, Pakistan and 7 hybrids at Karj, Iran. Water stress condition was simulated by holding water in a stress regime. Hybrids were also screened against five levels of osmotic-ally induced stress, i.e. 0-15%, under a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Findings: Hybrids H1 (C.112.× RH.344) and H3 (C.112.× RSIN.82) showed the highest seed yield ha-1 and early flowering at Karj Iran. Commercial hybrid had the highest CTD (18.2°C) followed by C112 × RH.344 (17.29 °C). Hybrid C.250 × R.SIN.82 had the highest seed yield (m-2), followed by C.112 × RH.365 and C.124 × RSIN.82 under both stress and non-stress regimes at Sargodha, Pakistan. Seedling trial results showed that 6 hybrids only germinated in 5 and 7.5% PEG-induced osmotic stress, respectively. H1 (C.112 × RH.344) and H2 (C.112 × RH.347) had the highest germination% at 5% and 7.5% osmotic stress (OS). Seedling vigor index (SVI) was the highest in H1 (C.112 × RH.344) hybrids at 5% OS, H2 had the highest SVI under 7.5% OS, followed by H3 (C112 × RH344) and H4 (C116 × RH344). Originality/Value: In view of above results, it was concluded that hybrid combination H1 had the highest seed yield under stress conditions in both environments. High seed yield may be due to its better germination and vigor index under stress conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CTD" title=" CTD"> CTD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20variability" title=" genetic variability"> genetic variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osmotic%20stress" title=" osmotic stress"> osmotic stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175408/evaluation-of-drought-tolerant-sunflower-hybrids-indicated-their-broad-adaptability-under-stress-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Assessment of Training, Job Attitudes and Motivation: A Mediation Model in Banking Sector of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Rauf">Abdul Rauf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoxing%20Liu"> Xiaoxing Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizwan%20Qaisar%20Danish"> Rizwan Qaisar Danish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waqas%20Amin"> Waqas Amin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The core intention of this study is to analyze the linkage of training, job attitudes and motivation through a mediation model in the banking sector of Pakistan. Moreover, this study is executed to answer a range of queries regarding the consideration of employees about training, job satisfaction, motivation and organizational commitment. Hence, the association of training with job satisfaction, job satisfaction with motivation, organizational commitment with job satisfaction, organization commitment as independently with motivation and training directly related to motivation is determined in this course of study. A questionnaire crafted for comprehending the purpose of this study by including four variables such as training, job satisfaction, motivation and organizational commitment which have to measure. A sample of 450 employees from seventeen private (17) banks and two (2) public banks was taken on the basis of convenience sampling from Pakistan. However, 357 questionnaires, completely filled were received back. AMOS used for assessing the conformity factor analysis (CFA) model and statistical techniques practiced to scan the collected data (i.e.) descriptive statistics, regression analysis and correlation analysis. The empirical findings revealed that training and organizational commitment has a significant and positive impact directly on job satisfaction and motivation as well as through the mediator (job satisfaction) also the impact sensing in the same way on the motivation of employees in the financial Banks of Pakistan. In this research study, the banking sector is under discussion, so the findings could not generalize on other sectors such as manufacturing, textiles, telecom, and medicine, etc. The low sample size is also the limitation of this study. On the foundation of these results the management fascinates to make the revised strategies regarding training program for the employees as it enhances their motivation level, and job satisfaction on a regular basis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=job%20satisfaction" title="job satisfaction">job satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20commitment" title=" organizational commitment"> organizational commitment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training" title=" training"> training</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78058/assessment-of-training-job-attitudes-and-motivation-a-mediation-model-in-banking-sector-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Nexus of Pakistan Stock Exchange with World's Top Five Stock Markets after Launching China Pakistan Economic Corridor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Rauf">Abdul Rauf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoxing%20Liu"> Xiaoxing Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waqas%20Amin"> Waqas Amin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stock markets are fascinating more and more conductive to each other due to liberalization and globalization trends in recent years. China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has dragged Pakistan stock exchange to the new heights and global investors are making investments to reap its benefits. So, in investors and government perspective, the study focuses co-integration of Pakistan stock exchange with world’s five big economies i-e US, China, England, Japan, and France. The time period of study is seven years i-e 2010 to 2016 and daily values of major indices of corresponding stock exchanges collected. All variables of that particular study are stationary at first difference confirmed by unit root test. The study Johansen system co integration test for analysis of data along with Granger causality test is performed for result purpose. Co integration test asserted that Pakistan stock exchange integrated with Shanghai stock exchange (SSE) and NIKKEI stock exchange in short run. Granger causality test also proclaimed these results. But NASDAQ, FTSE, DAX not co integrated and Granger cause at a short run but long run these markets are bonded with Pakistan stock exchange (KSE). VECM also confirmed this liaison in short and long run. Investors, therefore, need to be updated regarding co-integration of world’s stock exchanges to ensure well diversified and risk adjusted high returns. Equally, governments also need updated status so that they could reduce co-integration through multiple steps and hence drag investors for diversified investment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CPEC" title="CPEC">CPEC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DAX" title=" DAX"> DAX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FTSE" title=" FTSE"> FTSE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liberalization" title=" liberalization"> liberalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NASDAQ" title=" NASDAQ"> NASDAQ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NIKKEI" title=" NIKKEI"> NIKKEI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSE" title=" SSE"> SSE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stock%20markets" title=" stock markets"> stock markets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78053/nexus-of-pakistan-stock-exchange-with-worlds-top-five-stock-markets-after-launching-china-pakistan-economic-corridor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78053.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Early Prediction of Diseases in a Cow for Cattle Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghufran%20Ahmed">Ghufran Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Osama%20Siddiqui"> Muhammad Osama Siddiqui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahbaz%20Siddiqui"> Shahbaz Siddiqui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rauf%20Ahmad%20Shams%20Malick"> Rauf Ahmad Shams Malick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisal%20Khan"> Faisal Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubashir%20Khan"> Mubashir Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a machine learning-based approach for early prediction of diseases in cows is proposed. Different ML algos are applied to extract useful patterns from the available dataset. Technology has changed today’s world in every aspect of life. Similarly, advanced technologies have been developed in livestock and dairy farming to monitor dairy cows in various aspects. Dairy cattle monitoring is crucial as it plays a significant role in milk production around the globe. Moreover, it has become necessary for farmers to adopt the latest early prediction technologies as the food demand is increasing with population growth. This highlight the importance of state-ofthe-art technologies in analyzing how important technology is in analyzing dairy cows’ activities. It is not easy to predict the activities of a large number of cows on the farm, so, the system has made it very convenient for the farmers., as it provides all the solutions under one roof. The cattle industry’s productivity is boosted as the early diagnosis of any disease on a cattle farm is detected and hence it is treated early. It is done on behalf of the machine learning output received. The learning models are already set which interpret the data collected in a centralized system. Basically, we will run different algorithms on behalf of the data set received to analyze milk quality, and track cows’ health, location, and safety. This deep learning algorithm draws patterns from the data, which makes it easier for farmers to study any animal’s behavioral changes. With the emergence of machine learning algorithms and the Internet of Things, accurate tracking of animals is possible as the rate of error is minimized. As a result, milk productivity is increased. IoT with ML capability has given a new phase to the cattle farming industry by increasing the yield in the most cost-effective and time-saving manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title="IoT">IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20care" title=" health care"> health care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dairy%20cows" title=" dairy cows"> dairy cows</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183770/early-prediction-of-diseases-in-a-cow-for-cattle-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>