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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Federal appellate court for the western U.S.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">(9th Cir.)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ninth_Circuit_Seal_color_high_092223.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ninth_Circuit_Seal_color_high_092223.png/220px-Ninth_Circuit_Seal_color_high_092223.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ninth_Circuit_Seal_color_high_092223.png/330px-Ninth_Circuit_Seal_color_high_092223.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ninth_Circuit_Seal_color_high_092223.png/440px-Ninth_Circuit_Seal_color_high_092223.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:9th_Circuit_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/9th_Circuit_map.svg/220px-9th_Circuit_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/9th_Circuit_map.svg/330px-9th_Circuit_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/9th_Circuit_map.svg/440px-9th_Circuit_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="593" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_R._Browning_United_States_Court_of_Appeals_Building" title="James R. Browning United States Court of Appeals Building">James R. Browning U.S. Court of Appeals Building</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996643573">.mw-parser-output .block-indent{padding-left:3em;padding-right:0;overflow:hidden}</style><div class="block-indent" style="padding-left: 1em;">(<a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco, California</a>)</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">More locations</span></i></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Kenzo_Nakamura_United_States_Courthouse" title="William Kenzo Nakamura United States Courthouse">William Kenzo Nakamura U.S. Courthouse</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent" style="padding-left: 1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle, Washington</a>)</div></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Courthouse" title="Pioneer Courthouse">Pioneer Courthouse</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent" style="padding-left: 1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>)</div></li><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Chambers_United_States_Court_of_Appeals" title="Richard H. Chambers United States Court of Appeals">Richard H. Chambers U.S. Court of Appeals</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent" style="padding-left: 1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, California</a>)</div></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appeals from</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Alaska" title="United States District Court for the District of Alaska">District of Alaska</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Arizona" title="United States District Court for the District of Arizona">District of Arizona</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Central_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Central District of California">Central District of California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of California">Eastern District of California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of California">Northern District of California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of California">Southern District of California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Hawaii" title="United States District Court for the District of Hawaii">District of Hawaii</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Idaho" title="United States District Court for the District of Idaho">District of Idaho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Montana" title="United States District Court for the District of Montana">District of Montana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Nevada" title="United States District Court for the District of Nevada">District of Nevada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Oregon" title="United States District Court for the District of Oregon">District of Oregon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Washington" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington">Eastern District of Washington</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Washington" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Washington">Western District of Washington</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="United States District Court for the District of Guam">District of Guam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="United States District Court for the District of the Northern Mariana Islands">District of the Northern Mariana Islands</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">March 3, 1891</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Judges</th><td class="infobox-data">29</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Circuit Justice</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan" title="Elena Kagan">Elena Kagan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chief_judge_(United_States)" title="Chief judge (United States)">Chief Judge</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mary_H._Murguia" title="Mary H. Murguia">Mary H. Murguia</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ca9.uscourts.gov">www<wbr />.ca9<wbr />.uscourts<wbr />.gov</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit</b> (in <a href="/wiki/Case_citation" title="Case citation">case citations</a>, <b>9th Cir.</b>) is the <a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">U.S. federal court of appeals</a> that has <a href="/wiki/Appellate_jurisdiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Appellate jurisdiction">appellate jurisdiction</a> over the <a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">U.S. district courts</a> for the following <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_judicial_district" title="United States federal judicial district">federal judicial districts</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Alaska" title="United States District Court for the District of Alaska">District of Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Arizona" title="United States District Court for the District of Arizona">District of Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Central_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Central District of California">Central District of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of California">Eastern District of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of California">Northern District of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of California">Southern District of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Hawaii" title="United States District Court for the District of Hawaii">District of Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Idaho" title="United States District Court for the District of Idaho">District of Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Montana" title="United States District Court for the District of Montana">District of Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Nevada" title="United States District Court for the District of Nevada">District of Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Oregon" title="United States District Court for the District of Oregon">District of Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Washington" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington">Eastern District of Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Washington" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Washington">Western District of Washington</a></li></ul> <p>The Ninth Circuit also has appellate jurisdiction over the <a href="/wiki/United_States_territorial_court" title="United States territorial court">territorial courts</a> for the <a href="/wiki/District_Court_of_Guam" title="District Court of Guam">District of Guam</a> and the <a href="/wiki/District_Court_for_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands">District of the Northern Mariana Islands</a>. Additionally, it sometimes handles appeals that originate from <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a>, which has no district court and partially relies on the District of Hawaii for its federal cases.<sup id="cite_ref-GAO_AS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GAO_AS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Headquartered in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco, California</a>, the Ninth Circuit is by far the largest of the 13 U.S. Courts of Appeals, covering a total of nine states and two territories and with 29 active judgeships. The court's regular meeting places are <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a> at the <a href="/wiki/William_Kenzo_Nakamura_United_States_Courthouse" title="William Kenzo Nakamura United States Courthouse">William Kenzo Nakamura United States Courthouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Courthouse" title="Pioneer Courthouse">Pioneer Courthouse</a>, San Francisco at the <a href="/wiki/James_R._Browning_U.S._Court_of_Appeals_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="James R. Browning U.S. Court of Appeals Building">James R. Browning U.S. Court of Appeals Building</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_CA" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasadena, CA">Pasadena</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Chambers_U.S._Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard H. Chambers U.S. Court of Appeals">Richard H. Chambers U.S. Court of Appeals</a>. </p><p>Panels of the court occasionally travel to hear cases in other locations within the circuit. Although the judges travel around the circuit, the court arranges its hearings so that cases from the northern region of the circuit are heard in Seattle or Portland, cases from southern California and <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> are heard in Pasadena, and cases from northern California, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, and the Pacific territories are heard in San Francisco. Additionally, the court holds yearly sittings in <a href="/wiki/Anchorage" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchorage">Anchorage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a>. For lawyers who must come and present their cases to the court in person, this administrative grouping of cases helps to reduce the time and cost of travel. Ninth Circuit judges are also appointed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">United States Secretary of the Interior</a> to serve as temporary acting Associate Justices for non-federal appellate sessions at the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_American_Samoa" title="High Court of American Samoa">High Court of American Samoa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fagatogo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagatogo">Fagatogo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GAO_AS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GAO_AS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ninth_Circuit_1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ninth_Circuit_1905.jpg/220px-Ninth_Circuit_1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ninth_Circuit_1905.jpg/330px-Ninth_Circuit_1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ninth_Circuit_1905.jpg/440px-Ninth_Circuit_1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption>Ninth Circuit Court House in 1905</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Jurisdiction </th> <th>Total population </th> <th>Pop. as % of nat'l pop. </th> <th>Number of active judgeships </th></tr> <tr> <td>1891 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> </td> <td>2,087,000 </td> <td>3.3% </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1900 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Hawaii" title="Territory of Hawaii">Territory of Hawaii</a> added </td> <td>2,798,000 </td> <td>3.7% </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1912 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> added </td> <td>7,415,000<sup id="cite_ref-ChinaPop_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChinaPop-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>6.7% </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1940 </td> <td> </td> <td>11,881,000<sup id="cite_ref-ChinaPop_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChinaPop-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>9.0% </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> added </td> <td>22,607,000 </td> <td>12.6% </td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> added </td> <td>37,170,000 </td> <td>16.4% </td> <td>23 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td> </td> <td>54,575,000 </td> <td>19.3% </td> <td>28 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td> </td> <td>60,400,000 </td> <td>19.9% </td> <td>28 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <td> </td> <td>61,403,307 </td> <td>19.72% </td> <td>29 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td> </td> <td>61,742,858 </td> <td>19.99% </td> <td>29 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td> </td> <td>66,848,869 </td> <td>20.17% </td> <td>29 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Ninth Circuit's large size is due to the dramatic increases in both the population of the <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">western states</a> and the court's geographic jurisdiction that have occurred since the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congress">U.S. Congress</a> created the Ninth Circuit in 1891.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The court was originally granted appellate jurisdiction over federal district courts in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>. As new states and territories were added to the federal judicial hierarchy in the twentieth century, many of those in the West were placed in the Ninth Circuit: the newly acquired <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Hawaii" title="Territory of Hawaii">Territory of Hawaii</a> in 1900, <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> upon its admission to the Union in 1912, the <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Alaska" title="Territory of Alaska">Territory of Alaska</a> in 1948, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> in 1951, and the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands">Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands</a> in 1977. </p><p>The Ninth Circuit also had jurisdiction over certain American interests in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, in that it had jurisdiction over appeals from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_for_China" title="United States Court for China">United States Court for China</a> during the existence of that court from 1906 through 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ChinaPop_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChinaPop-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> was never under the Ninth Circuit's jurisdiction. Congress never created a federal district court in the Philippines from which the Ninth Circuit could hear appeals.<sup id="cite_ref-Go_Page_7_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Go_Page_7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, appeals from the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court of the Philippines</a> were taken directly to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1979, the Ninth Circuit became the first federal judicial circuit to set up a <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy_Appellate_Panel" title="Bankruptcy Appellate Panel">Bankruptcy Appellate Panel</a> as authorized by the <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy_Reform_Act_of_1978" title="Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978">Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Court_of_Appeals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Court_of_Appeals.jpg/220px-Court_of_Appeals.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Court_of_Appeals.jpg/330px-Court_of_Appeals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Court_of_Appeals.jpg/440px-Court_of_Appeals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3423" data-file-height="2664" /></a><figcaption>The Richard H. Chambers U.S. Court of Appeals, Pasadena, California</figcaption></figure> <p>The cultural and political jurisdiction of the Ninth Circuit is just as varied as the land within its geographical borders. In a dissenting opinion in a <a href="/wiki/Personality_rights" title="Personality rights">rights of publicity</a> case involving the <i><a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_Fortune_(American_game_show)" title="Wheel of Fortune (American game show)">Wheel of Fortune</a></i> star <a href="/wiki/Vanna_White" title="Vanna White">Vanna White</a>, Circuit Judge <a href="/wiki/Alex_Kozinski" title="Alex Kozinski">Alex Kozinski</a> sardonically noted that "[f]or better or worse, we are the Court of Appeals for the <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a> Circuit."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Judges from more remote parts of the circuit note the contrast between legal issues confronted by populous states such as California and those confronted by rural states such as Alaska, Idaho, Montana, and Nevada. </p><p>Judge <a href="/wiki/Andrew_J._Kleinfeld" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew J. Kleinfeld">Andrew J. Kleinfeld</a>, who maintains his judicial chambers in <a href="/wiki/Fairbanks,_Alaska" title="Fairbanks, Alaska">Fairbanks, Alaska</a>, wrote in a letter in 1998: "Much federal law is not national in scope....It is easy to make a mistake construing these laws when unfamiliar with them, as we often are, or not interpreting them regularly, as we never do."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rate_of_overturned_decisions">Rate of overturned decisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rate of overturned decisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1999 to 2008, of the Ninth Circuit Court rulings that were reviewed by the Supreme Court, 20% were affirmed, 19% were vacated, and 61% were reversed; the median reversal rate for all federal appellate courts was 68.29% for the same period.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2010 to 2015, of the cases it accepted to review, the Supreme Court reversed around 79% of the cases from the Ninth Circuit, ranking its reversal rate third among the circuits; the median reversal rate for all federal circuits for the same time period was around 70 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some argue the court's high percentage of reversals is illusory, resulting from the circuit hearing more cases than the other circuits. This results in the Supreme Court reviewing a smaller proportion of its cases, letting stand the vast majority of its cases.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, a detailed study in 2018 reported by <a href="/wiki/Brian_T._Fitzpatrick" title="Brian T. Fitzpatrick">Brian T. Fitzpatrick</a>, a law professor at <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt University</a>, looked at how often a federal circuit court was reversed for every thousand cases it terminated on the merits between 1994 and 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-Fitz_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fitz-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The study found that the Ninth Circuit's decisions were reversed at a rate of 2.50 cases per thousand, which was by far the highest rate in the country, with the Sixth Circuit second as 1.73 cases per thousand.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fitz_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fitz-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fitzpatrick also noted that the 9th Circuit was unanimously reversed more than three times as often as the least reversed circuits and over 20% more often than the next closest circuit.<sup id="cite_ref-Fitz_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fitz-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Size_of_the_court">Size of the court</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Size of the court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_M._Schroeder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Mary_M._Schroeder.jpg/170px-Mary_M._Schroeder.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Mary_M._Schroeder.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="222" data-file-height="275" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mary_M._Schroeder" title="Mary M. Schroeder">Mary M. Schroeder</a>, when appointed (Nov. 2000) Chief Judge of the Ninth Circuit, with her predecessor, <a href="/wiki/Procter_Ralph_Hug_Jr." title="Procter Ralph Hug Jr.">Procter Ralph Hug Jr.</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Many commentators have argued that the Ninth Circuit faces several adverse consequences of its large size,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as "unwieldly size, procedural inefficiencies, jurisprudential unpredictability, and unusual <i>en banc</i> process."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chief among these is the Ninth Circuit's unique rules concerning the composition of an <i><a href="/wiki/En_banc" title="En banc">en banc</a></i> court. In other circuits, <i>en banc</i> courts are composed of all active circuit judges, plus (depending on the rules of the particular court) any senior judges who took part in the original panel decision. By contrast, in the Ninth Circuit it is impractical for 29 or more judges to take part in a single oral argument and deliberate on a decision en masse. The court thus provides for a limited <i>en banc</i> review by the Chief Judge and a panel of 10 randomly selected judges.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means that <i>en banc</i> reviews may not actually reflect the views of the majority of the court and indeed may not include any of the three judges involved in the decision being reviewed in the first place. The result, according to detractors, is a high risk of <i>intracircuit</i> conflicts of law where different groupings of judges end up delivering contradictory opinions. That is said to cause uncertainty in the district courts and within the bar. However, <i>en banc</i> review is a relatively rare occurrence in all circuits and Ninth Circuit rules provide for full <i>en banc</i> review in limited circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All recently proposed splits would leave at least one circuit with 21 judges, only two fewer than the 23 that the Ninth Circuit had when the limited <i>en banc</i> procedure was first adopted. In other words, after a split at least one of the circuits would still be using limited <i>en banc</i> courts.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2007, Associate Justices <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Anthony Kennedy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a> testified before a House Appropriations subcommittee that the consensus among the justices of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> was that the Ninth Circuit was too large and unwieldy and should be split.<sup id="cite_ref-testify_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-testify-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Congressional officials, legislative commissions, and interest groups have all submitted proposals to divide the Ninth Circuit such as: </p> <ul><li>Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Reorganization Act of 1993, H.R. 3654<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Final Report of the Commission on Structural Alternatives for the Federal Courts of Appeals<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals of Reorganization Act of 2003, S. 562</li> <li>Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Judgeship and Reorganization Act of 2003, H.R. 2723</li> <li>Ninth Circuit Judgeship and Reorganization Act of 2004, S. 878 (reintroduced as the Ninth Circuit Judgeship and Reorganization Act of 2005, H.R. 211, and co-sponsored by House Majority Leader Tom DeLay)</li> <li>Circuit Court of Appeals Restructuring and Modernization Act of 2005, S. 1845<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Circuit Court of Appeals Restructuring and Modernization Act of 2007, S. 525<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Judgeship and Reorganization Act of 2017, H.R. 196<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The more recent proposals have aimed to redefine the Ninth Circuit to cover California, Hawaii, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands, and to create a new Twelfth Circuit to cover Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_composition_of_the_court">Current composition of the court</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Current composition of the court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of November 15, 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="clear:left"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;"> <th data-sort-type="number" rowspan="2"># </th> <th rowspan="2">Title </th> <th rowspan="2">Judge </th> <th rowspan="2">Duty station </th> <th rowspan="2">Born </th> <th colspan="3">Term of service </th> <th rowspan="2">Appointed by </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:bottom;"> <th>Active </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chief_judge_(United_States)" title="Chief judge (United States)">Chief</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Senior_status" title="Senior status">Senior</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">94 </td> <td>Chief Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mary_H._Murguia" title="Mary H. Murguia">Mary H. Murguia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, AZ</a> </td> <td>1960 </td> <td>2011–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2021–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="44 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Obama</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">79 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kim_McLane_Wardlaw" title="Kim McLane Wardlaw">Kim McLane Wardlaw</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, CA</a> </td> <td>1954 </td> <td>1998–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="42 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton">Clinton</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">82 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ronald_M._Gould" title="Ronald M. Gould">Ronald M. Gould</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle, WA</a> </td> <td>1946 </td> <td>1999–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="42 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton">Clinton</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">86 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Johnnie_B._Rawlinson" title="Johnnie B. Rawlinson">Johnnie B. Rawlinson</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas, NV</a> </td> <td>1952 </td> <td>2000–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="42 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton">Clinton</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">89 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Consuelo_Callahan" title="Consuelo Callahan">Consuelo Callahan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento, CA</a> </td> <td>1950 </td> <td>2003–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="43 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush">G.W. Bush</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">91 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milan_Smith" title="Milan Smith">Milan Smith</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/El_Segundo,_California" title="El Segundo, California">El Segundo, CA</a> </td> <td>1942 </td> <td>2006–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="43 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush">G.W. Bush</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">92 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Segal_Ikuta" title="Sandra Segal Ikuta">Sandra Segal Ikuta</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, CA</a> </td> <td>1954 </td> <td>2006–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="43 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush">G.W. Bush</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">95 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Christen" title="Morgan Christen">Morgan Christen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage, AK</a> </td> <td>1961 </td> <td>2012–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="44 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Obama</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">96 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Nguyen" title="Jacqueline Nguyen">Jacqueline Nguyen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, CA</a> </td> <td>1965 </td> <td>2012–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="44 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Obama</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">99 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_B._Owens" title="John B. Owens">John B. Owens</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego, CA</a> </td> <td>1971 </td> <td>2014–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="44 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Obama</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">100 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Friedland" title="Michelle Friedland">Michelle Friedland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, CA</a> </td> <td>1972 </td> <td>2014–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="44 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Obama</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">101 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mark_J._Bennett" title="Mark J. Bennett">Mark J. Bennett</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu, HI</a> </td> <td>1953 </td> <td>2018–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="45 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">Trump</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">102 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ryan_D._Nelson" title="Ryan D. Nelson">Ryan D. Nelson</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Falls,_Idaho" title="Idaho Falls, Idaho">Idaho Falls, ID</a> </td> <td>1973 </td> <td>2018–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="45 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">Trump</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">103 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eric_D._Miller" title="Eric D. Miller">Eric D. Miller</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle, WA</a> </td> <td>1975 </td> <td>2019–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="45 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">Trump</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">104 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bridget_S._Bade" title="Bridget S. Bade">Bridget S. Bade</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, AZ</a> </td> <td>1965 </td> <td>2019–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="45 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">Trump</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">105 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daniel_P._Collins" title="Daniel P. Collins">Daniel P. Collins</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, CA</a> </td> <td>1963 </td> <td>2019–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="45 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">Trump</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">106 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_K._Lee" title="Kenneth K. Lee">Kenneth K. Lee</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego, CA</a> </td> <td>1975 </td> <td>2019–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="45 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">Trump</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">107 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bress" title="Daniel Bress">Daniel Bress</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco, CA</a> </td> <td>1979 </td> <td>2019–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="45 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">Trump</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">108 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Danielle_J._Forrest" title="Danielle J. Forrest">Danielle J. Forrest</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, OR</a> </td> <td>1977 </td> <td>2019–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="45 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">Trump</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">109 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Bumatay" title="Patrick J. Bumatay">Patrick J. Bumatay</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego, CA</a> </td> <td>1978 </td> <td>2019–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="45 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">Trump</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">110 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_VanDyke" title="Lawrence VanDyke">Lawrence VanDyke</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reno,_Nevada" title="Reno, Nevada">Reno, NV</a> </td> <td>1972 </td> <td>2020–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="45 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">Trump</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">111 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Koh" title="Lucy Koh">Lucy Koh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco, CA</a> </td> <td>1968 </td> <td>2021–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="46 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden">Biden</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">112 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Sung" title="Jennifer Sung">Jennifer Sung</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, OR</a> </td> <td>1972 </td> <td>2021–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="46 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden">Biden</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">113 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_P._Sanchez" title="Gabriel P. Sanchez">Gabriel P. Sanchez</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco, CA</a> </td> <td>1976 </td> <td>2022–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="46 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden">Biden</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">114 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Holly_A._Thomas" title="Holly A. Thomas">Holly A. Thomas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, CA</a> </td> <td>1979 </td> <td>2022–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="46 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden">Biden</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">115 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Mendoza_Jr." title="Salvador Mendoza Jr.">Salvador Mendoza Jr.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richland,_Washington" title="Richland, Washington">Richland, WA</a> </td> <td>1971 </td> <td>2022–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="46 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden">Biden</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">116 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roopali_Desai" title="Roopali Desai">Roopali Desai</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, AZ</a> </td> <td>1978 </td> <td>2022–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="46 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden">Biden</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">117 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Johnstone" title="Anthony Johnstone">Anthony Johnstone</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Missoula,_Montana" title="Missoula, Montana">Missoula, MT</a> </td> <td>1973 </td> <td>2023–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="46 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden">Biden</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">118 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ana_de_Alba" title="Ana de Alba">Ana de Alba</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno, CA</a> </td> <td>1979 </td> <td>2023–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="46 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden">Biden</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">40 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/J._Clifford_Wallace" title="J. Clifford Wallace">J. Clifford Wallace</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego, CA</a> </td> <td>1928 </td> <td>1972–1996 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1991–1996 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1996–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="37 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Richard_Nixon" title="List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon">Nixon</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">47 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mary_M._Schroeder" title="Mary M. Schroeder">Mary M. Schroeder</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, AZ</a> </td> <td>1940 </td> <td>1979–2011 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2000–2007 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2011–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="39 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter">Carter</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">54 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Wright_Nelson" title="Dorothy Wright Nelson">Dorothy Wright Nelson</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, CA</a> </td> <td>1928 </td> <td>1979–1995 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1995–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="39 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter">Carter</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">55 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Canby" title="William Canby">William Canby</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, AZ</a> </td> <td>1931 </td> <td>1980–1996 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1996–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="39 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter">Carter</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">66 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diarmuid_O%27Scannlain" title="Diarmuid O'Scannlain">Diarmuid O'Scannlain</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, OR</a> </td> <td>1937 </td> <td>1986–2016 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2016–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="40 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Ronald_Reagan" title="List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">68 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stephen_S._Trott" title="Stephen S. Trott">Stephen S. Trott</a> </td> <td><i>inactive</i> </td> <td>1939 </td> <td>1988–2004 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2004–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="40 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Ronald_Reagan" title="List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">69 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Fernandez" title="Ferdinand Fernandez">Ferdinand Fernandez</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, CA</a> </td> <td>1937 </td> <td>1989–2002 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2002–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="41 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_H._W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George H. W. Bush">G.H.W. Bush</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">72 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Kleinfeld" title="Andrew Kleinfeld">Andrew Kleinfeld</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fairbanks,_Alaska" title="Fairbanks, Alaska">Fairbanks, AK</a> </td> <td>1945 </td> <td>1991–2010 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2010–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="41 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_H._W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George H. W. Bush">G.H.W. Bush</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">73 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Daly_Hawkins" title="Michael Daly Hawkins">Michael Daly Hawkins</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, AZ</a> </td> <td>1945 </td> <td>1994–2010 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2010–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="42 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton">Clinton</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">74 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/A._Wallace_Tashima" title="A. Wallace Tashima">A. Wallace Tashima</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, CA</a> </td> <td>1934 </td> <td>1996–2004 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2004–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="42 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton">Clinton</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">75 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sidney_R._Thomas" title="Sidney R. Thomas">Sidney R. Thomas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Billings,_Montana" title="Billings, Montana">Billings, MT</a> </td> <td>1953 </td> <td>1996–2023 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2014–2021 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2023–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="42 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton">Clinton</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">76 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barry_G._Silverman" title="Barry G. Silverman">Barry G. Silverman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, AZ</a> </td> <td>1951 </td> <td>1998–2016 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2016–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="42 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton">Clinton</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">77 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Susan_P._Graber" title="Susan P. Graber">Susan P. Graber</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, OR</a> </td> <td>1949 </td> <td>1998–2021 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2021–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="42 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton">Clinton</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">78 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/M._Margaret_McKeown" title="M. Margaret McKeown">M. Margaret McKeown</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego, CA</a> </td> <td>1951 </td> <td>1998–2022 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2022–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="42 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton">Clinton</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">80 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_A._Fletcher" title="William A. Fletcher">William A. Fletcher</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco, CA</a> </td> <td>1945 </td> <td>1998–2022 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2022–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="42 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton">Clinton</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">83 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Paez" title="Richard Paez">Richard Paez</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, CA</a> </td> <td>1947 </td> <td>2000–2021 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2021–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="42 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton">Clinton</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">84 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Berzon" title="Marsha Berzon">Marsha Berzon</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco, CA</a> </td> <td>1945 </td> <td>2000–2022 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2022–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="42 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton">Clinton</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">85 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Tallman" title="Richard C. Tallman">Richard C. Tallman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene,_Idaho" title="Coeur d'Alene, Idaho">Coeur d'Alene, ID</a> </td> <td>1953 </td> <td>2000–2018 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2018–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="42 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton">Clinton</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">87 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Clifton" title="Richard Clifton">Richard Clifton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu, HI</a> </td> <td>1950 </td> <td>2002–2016 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2016–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="43 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush">G.W. Bush</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">88 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jay_Bybee" title="Jay Bybee">Jay Bybee</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas, NV</a> </td> <td>1953 </td> <td>2003–2019 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2019–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="43 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush">G.W. Bush</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">90 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Bea" title="Carlos Bea">Carlos Bea</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco, CA</a> </td> <td>1934 </td> <td>2003–2019 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2019–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="43 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush">G.W. Bush</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">93 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/N._Randy_Smith" title="N. Randy Smith">N. Randy Smith</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pocatello,_Idaho" title="Pocatello, Idaho">Pocatello, ID</a> </td> <td>1949 </td> <td>2007–2018 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2018–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="43 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush">G.W. Bush</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">98 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_D._Hurwitz" title="Andrew D. Hurwitz">Andrew D. Hurwitz</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, AZ</a> </td> <td>1947 </td> <td>2012–2022 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2022–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="44 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Obama</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_former_judges">List of former judges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: List of former judges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="clear: both"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;"> <th># </th> <th>Judge </th> <th>State </th> <th>Born–died </th> <th>Active service </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chief_judge_(United_States)" title="Chief judge (United States)">Chief Judge</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Senior_status" title="Senior status">Senior status</a> </th> <th>Appointed by </th> <th>Reason for<br />termination </th></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>1 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Sawyer, Lorenzo"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Sawyer" title="Lorenzo Sawyer">Lorenzo Sawyer</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1820–1891 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1891 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Grant,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Ulysses_S._Grant" title="List of federal judges appointed by Ulysses S. Grant"> Grant</a></span></span></span> / <a href="/wiki/Operation_of_law" title="Operation of law">Operation of law</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>2 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="McKenna, Joseph"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McKenna" title="Joseph McKenna">Joseph McKenna</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1843–1926 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1892–1897 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Harrison, B."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Benjamin_Harrison" title="List of federal judges appointed by Benjamin Harrison">B. Harrison</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">resignation </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>3 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Gilbert, William Ball"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Ball_Gilbert" title="William Ball Gilbert">William Ball Gilbert</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">OR</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1847–1931 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1892–1931 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Harrison, B."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Benjamin_Harrison" title="List of federal judges appointed by Benjamin Harrison">B. Harrison</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>4 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Ross, Erskine Mayo"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Erskine_Mayo_Ross" title="Erskine Mayo Ross">Erskine Mayo Ross</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1845–1928 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1895–1925 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1925–1928 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Cleveland,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Grover_Cleveland" title="List of federal judges appointed by Grover Cleveland"> Cleveland</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>5 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Morrow, William W."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_W._Morrow" title="William W. Morrow">William W. Morrow</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1843–1929 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1897–1923 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1923–1929 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="McKinley,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_William_McKinley" title="List of federal judges appointed by William McKinley"> McKinley</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">resignation </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>6 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Hunt, William Henry"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Hunt_(judge)" title="William Henry Hunt (judge)">William Henry Hunt</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">MT</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1857–1949 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1911–1928 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1928 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">resignation </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>7 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Rudkin, Frank H."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Frank_H._Rudkin" title="Frank H. Rudkin">Frank H. Rudkin</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">WA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1864–1931 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1923–1931 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Harding,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Warren_G._Harding" title="List of federal judges appointed by Warren G. Harding"> Harding</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>8 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="McCamant, Wallace"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Wallace_McCamant" title="Wallace McCamant">Wallace McCamant</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">OR</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1867–1944 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1925<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–1926 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Coolidge,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Calvin_Coolidge" title="List of federal judges appointed by Calvin Coolidge"> Coolidge</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">not confirmed </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>9 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Dietrich, Frank Sigel"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sigel_Dietrich" title="Frank Sigel Dietrich">Frank Sigel Dietrich</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">ID</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1863–1930 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1927–1930 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Coolidge,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Calvin_Coolidge" title="List of federal judges appointed by Calvin Coolidge"> Coolidge</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>10 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Wilbur, Curtis D."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Curtis_D._Wilbur" title="Curtis D. Wilbur">Curtis D. Wilbur</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1867–1954 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1929–1945 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1945–1954 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Hoover,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Herbert_Hoover" title="List of federal judges appointed by Herbert Hoover"> Hoover</a></span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>11 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Sawtelle, William Henry"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Sawtelle" title="William Henry Sawtelle">William Henry Sawtelle</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">AZ</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1868–1934 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1931–1934 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Hoover,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Herbert_Hoover" title="List of federal judges appointed by Herbert Hoover"> Hoover</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>12 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Garrecht, Francis Arthur"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Arthur_Garrecht" title="Francis Arthur Garrecht">Francis Arthur Garrecht</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">WA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1870–1948 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1933–1948 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Roosevelt, F."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt">F. Roosevelt</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>13 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Denman, William"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Denman_(judge)" title="William Denman (judge)">William Denman</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1872–1959 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1935–1957 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1948–1957 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1957–1959 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Roosevelt, F."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt">F. Roosevelt</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>14 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Mathews, Clifton"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Mathews" title="Clifton Mathews">Clifton Mathews</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">AZ</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1880–1962 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1935–1953 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1953–1962 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Roosevelt, F."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt">F. Roosevelt</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>15 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Haney, Bert E."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bert_E._Haney" title="Bert E. Haney">Bert E. Haney</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">OR</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1879–1943 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1935–1943 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Roosevelt, F."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt">F. Roosevelt</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>16 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Stephens Sr., Albert Lee"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Lee_Stephens_Sr." title="Albert Lee Stephens Sr.">Albert Lee Stephens Sr.</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1874–1965 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1937–1961 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1957–1959 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1961–1965 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Roosevelt, F."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt">F. Roosevelt</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>17 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Healy, William"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Healy_(judge)" title="William Healy (judge)">William Healy</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">ID</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1881–1962 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1937–1958 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1958–1962 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Roosevelt, F."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt">F. Roosevelt</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>18 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Bone, Homer"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Homer_Bone" title="Homer Bone">Homer Bone</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">WA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1883–1970 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1944–1956 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1956–1970 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Roosevelt, F."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt">F. Roosevelt</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>19 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Orr, William Edwin"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Edwin_Orr" title="William Edwin Orr">William Edwin Orr</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">NV</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1881–1965 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1945–1956 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1956–1965 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Truman,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Harry_S._Truman" title="List of federal judges appointed by Harry S. Truman"> Truman</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>20 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Pope, Walter Lyndon"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lyndon_Pope" title="Walter Lyndon Pope">Walter Lyndon Pope</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">MT</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1889–1969 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1949–1961 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1959 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1961–1969 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Truman,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Harry_S._Truman" title="List of federal judges appointed by Harry S. Truman"> Truman</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>21 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Lemmon, Dal Millington"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Dal_Millington_Lemmon" title="Dal Millington Lemmon">Dal Millington Lemmon</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1887–1958 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1954–1958 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Eisenhower,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower"> Eisenhower</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>22 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Chambers, Richard Harvey"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Harvey_Chambers" title="Richard Harvey Chambers">Richard Harvey Chambers</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">AZ</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1906–1994 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1954–1976 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1959–1976 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1976–1994 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Eisenhower,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower"> Eisenhower</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>23 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Fee, James Alger"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/James_Alger_Fee" title="James Alger Fee">James Alger Fee</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">OR</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1888–1959 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1954–1959 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Eisenhower,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower"> Eisenhower</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>24 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Barnes, Stanley"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Barnes" title="Stanley Barnes">Stanley Barnes</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1900–1990 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1956–1970 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1970–1990 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Eisenhower,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower"> Eisenhower</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>25 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Hamley, Frederick George"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_George_Hamley" title="Frederick George Hamley">Frederick George Hamley</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">WA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1903–1975 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1956–1971 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1971–1975 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Eisenhower,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower"> Eisenhower</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>26 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Hamlin Jr., Oliver Deveta"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Deveta_Hamlin_Jr." title="Oliver Deveta Hamlin Jr.">Oliver Deveta Hamlin Jr.</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1892–1973 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1958–1963 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1963–1973 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Eisenhower,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower"> Eisenhower</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>27 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Jertberg, Gilbert H."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_H._Jertberg" title="Gilbert H. Jertberg">Gilbert H. Jertberg</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1897–1973 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1958–1967 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1967–1973 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Eisenhower,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower"> Eisenhower</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>28 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Merrill, Charles Merton"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Merton_Merrill" title="Charles Merton Merrill">Charles Merton Merrill</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">NV</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1907–1996 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1959–1974 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1974–1996 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Eisenhower,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower"> Eisenhower</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>29 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Koelsch, Montgomery Oliver"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Oliver_Koelsch" title="Montgomery Oliver Koelsch">Montgomery Oliver Koelsch</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">ID</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1912–1992 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1959–1976 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1976–1992 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Eisenhower,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower"> Eisenhower</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>30 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Browning, James R."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/James_R._Browning" title="James R. Browning">James R. Browning</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1918–2012 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1961–2000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1976–1988 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2000–2012 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Kennedy,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_John_F._Kennedy" title="List of federal judges appointed by John F. Kennedy"> Kennedy</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>31 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Duniway, Benjamin C."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ben_C._Duniway" title="Ben C. Duniway">Benjamin C. Duniway</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1907–1986 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1961–1976 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1976–1986 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Kennedy,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_John_F._Kennedy" title="List of federal judges appointed by John F. Kennedy"> Kennedy</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>32 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Ely Jr., Walter Raleigh"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Raleigh_Ely_Jr." title="Walter Raleigh Ely Jr.">Walter Raleigh Ely Jr.</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1913–1984 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1964–1979 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1979–1984 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Johnson, L."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="List of federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>33 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Carter, James Marshall"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/James_Marshall_Carter" title="James Marshall Carter">James Marshall Carter</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1904–1979 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1967–1971 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1971–1979 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Johnson, L."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="List of federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>34 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Hufstedler, Shirley"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Hufstedler" title="Shirley Hufstedler">Shirley Hufstedler</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1925–2016 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1968–1979 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Johnson, L."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="List of federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">resignation </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>35 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Wright, Eugene Allen"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Allen_Wright" title="Eugene Allen Wright">Eugene Allen Wright</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">WA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1913–2002 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1969–1983 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1983–2002 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Nixon,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Richard_Nixon" title="List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon"> Nixon</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>36 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Kilkenny, John"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Kilkenny" title="John Kilkenny">John Kilkenny</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">OR</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1901–1995 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1969–1971 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1971–1995 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Nixon,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Richard_Nixon" title="List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon"> Nixon</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>37 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Trask, Ozell Miller"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ozell_Miller_Trask" title="Ozell Miller Trask">Ozell Miller Trask</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">AZ</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1909–1984 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1969–1979 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1979–1984 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Nixon,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Richard_Nixon" title="List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon"> Nixon</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>38 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Choy, Herbert"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Choy" title="Herbert Choy">Herbert Choy</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">HI</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1916–2004 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1971–1984 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1984–2004 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Nixon,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Richard_Nixon" title="List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon"> Nixon</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>39 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Goodwin" title="Alfred Goodwin">Alfred Goodwin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1923–2022 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1971–1991 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1988–1991 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1991–2022 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="37 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Richard_Nixon" title="List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon">Nixon</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>41 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Sneed III, Joseph Tyree"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Tyree_Sneed_III" title="Joseph Tyree Sneed III">Joseph Tyree Sneed III</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1920–2008 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1973–1987 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1987–2008 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Nixon,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Richard_Nixon" title="List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon"> Nixon</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>42 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Kennedy, Anthony"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Anthony Kennedy</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1936–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1975–1988 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Ford,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Gerald_Ford" title="List of federal judges appointed by Gerald Ford"> Ford</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">elevation to <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>43 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Anderson, J. Blaine"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/J._Blaine_Anderson" title="J. Blaine Anderson">J. Blaine Anderson</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">ID</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1922–1988 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1976–1988 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Ford,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Gerald_Ford" title="List of federal judges appointed by Gerald Ford"> Ford</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>44 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Hug Jr., Procter Ralph"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Procter_Ralph_Hug_Jr." title="Procter Ralph Hug Jr.">Procter Ralph Hug Jr.</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">NV</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1931–2019 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1977–2002 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1996–2000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2002–2017 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Carter,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter"> Carter</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">retirement </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>45 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Tang, Thomas"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tang" title="Thomas Tang">Thomas Tang</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">AZ</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1922–1995 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1977–1993 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1993–1995 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Carter,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter"> Carter</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>46 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Betty_Binns_Fletcher" title="Betty Binns Fletcher">Betty Binns Fletcher</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">WA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1923–2012 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1979–1998 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1998–2012 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Carter,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter"> Carter</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>48 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Richard_Skopil_Jr." title="Otto Richard Skopil Jr.">Otto Richard Skopil Jr.</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">OR</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1919–2012 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1979–1986 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1986–2012 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Carter,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter"> Carter</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>49 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Farris, Jerome"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Farris" title="Jerome Farris">Jerome Farris</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">WA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1930–2020 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1979–1995 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1995–2020 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Carter,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter"> Carter</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>50 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Alarc%C3%B3n" title="Arthur Alarcón">Arthur Alarcón</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1925–2015 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1979–1992 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1992–2015 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Carter,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter"> Carter</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>51 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Pregerson" title="Harry Pregerson">Harry Pregerson</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1923–2017 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1979–2015 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2015–2017 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Carter,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter"> Carter</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>52 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Warren_J._Ferguson" title="Warren J. Ferguson">Warren J. Ferguson</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1920–2008 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1979–1986 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1986–2008 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Carter,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter"> Carter</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>53 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Poole, Cecil F."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Cecil_F._Poole" title="Cecil F. Poole">Cecil F. Poole</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1914–1997 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1979–1996 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1996–1997 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Carter,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter"> Carter</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>56 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Boochever, Robert"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Boochever" title="Robert Boochever">Robert Boochever</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">AK</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1917–2011 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1980–1986 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1986–2011 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Carter,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter"> Carter</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>57 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Norris, William Albert"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Albert_Norris" title="William Albert Norris">William Albert Norris</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1927–2017 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1980–1994 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1994–1997 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Carter,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter"> Carter</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">retirement </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>58 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Reinhardt, Stephen"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Reinhardt" title="Stephen Reinhardt">Stephen Reinhardt</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1931–2018 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1980–2018 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Carter,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter"> Carter</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>59 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Beezer, Robert R."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Beezer" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert R. Beezer">Robert R. Beezer</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">WA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1928–2012 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1984–1996 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1996–2012 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Reagan,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Ronald_Reagan" title="List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan"> Reagan</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>60 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Holcomb_Hall" title="Cynthia Holcomb Hall">Cynthia Holcomb Hall</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1929–2011 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1984–1997 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1997–2011 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Reagan,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Ronald_Reagan" title="List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan"> Reagan</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>61 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Wiggins, Charles E."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Wiggins" title="Charles E. Wiggins">Charles E. Wiggins</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1927–2000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1984–1996 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1996–2000 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Reagan,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Ronald_Reagan" title="List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan"> Reagan</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>62 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Brunetti, Melvin T."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Melvin_T._Brunetti" title="Melvin T. Brunetti">Melvin T. Brunetti</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">NV</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1933–2009 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1985–1999 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1999–2009 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Reagan,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Ronald_Reagan" title="List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan"> Reagan</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>63 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Kozinski, Alex"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Kozinski" title="Alex Kozinski">Alex Kozinski</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1950–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1985–2017 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2007–2014 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Reagan,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Ronald_Reagan" title="List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan"> Reagan</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">retirement </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>64 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Noonan Jr., John T."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_T._Noonan_Jr." title="John T. Noonan Jr.">John T. Noonan Jr.</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1926–2017 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1985–1996 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1996–2017 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Reagan,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Ronald_Reagan" title="List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan"> Reagan</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>65 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Thompson, David R."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/David_R._Thompson" title="David R. Thompson">David R. Thompson</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1930–2011 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1985–1998 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1998–2011 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Reagan,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Ronald_Reagan" title="List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan"> Reagan</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>67 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Leavy, Edward"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Leavy" title="Edward Leavy">Edward Leavy</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">OR</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1929–2023 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1987–1997 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1997–2023 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Reagan,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Ronald_Reagan" title="List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan"> Reagan</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>70 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Rymer, Pamela Ann"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Ann_Rymer" title="Pamela Ann Rymer">Pamela Ann Rymer</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1941–2011 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1989–2011 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Bush, G.H.W."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_H._W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George H. W. Bush">G.H.W. Bush</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>71 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Nelson, Thomas G."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_G._Nelson" title="Thomas G. Nelson">Thomas G. Nelson</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">ID</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1936–2011 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1990–2003 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2003–2011 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Bush, G.H.W."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_H._W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George H. W. Bush">G.H.W. Bush</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>81 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Fisher, Raymond C."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_C._Fisher" title="Raymond C. Fisher">Raymond C. Fisher</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1939–2020 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1999–2013 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2013–2020 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Clinton,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton"> Clinton</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>97 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Watford, Paul J."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Watford" title="Paul J. Watford">Paul J. Watford</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1967–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2012–2023 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Obama"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama"> Obama</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">resignation </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chief_judges">Chief judges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Chief judges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Chief Judge </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Denman_(judge)" title="William Denman (judge)">Denman</a></td> <td>1948–1957 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Albert_Lee_Stephens_Sr." title="Albert Lee Stephens Sr.">Stephens, Sr.</a></td> <td>1957–1959 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lyndon_Pope" title="Walter Lyndon Pope">Pope</a></td> <td>1959 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Harvey_Chambers" title="Richard Harvey Chambers">Chambers</a></td> <td>1959–1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_R._Browning" title="James R. Browning">Browning</a></td> <td>1976–1988 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Goodwin" title="Alfred Goodwin">Goodwin</a></td> <td>1988–1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/J._Clifford_Wallace" title="J. Clifford Wallace">Wallace</a></td> <td>1991–1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Procter_Ralph_Hug_Jr." title="Procter Ralph Hug Jr.">Hug, Jr.</a></td> <td>1996–2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mary_M._Schroeder" title="Mary M. Schroeder">Schroeder</a></td> <td>2000–2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alex_Kozinski" title="Alex Kozinski">Kozinski</a></td> <td>2007–2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sidney_R._Thomas" title="Sidney R. Thomas">S.R. Thomas</a></td> <td>2014–2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mary_H._Murguia" title="Mary H. Murguia">Murguia</a></b></td> <td>2021–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Chief judges have administrative responsibilities with respect to their circuits, and preside over any panel on which they serve, unless the circuit justice (the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> justice responsible for the circuit) is also on the panel. Unlike the Supreme Court, where one justice is specifically nominated to be chief, the office of chief judge rotates among the circuit judges. </p><p>To be chief, a judge must have been in active service on the court for at least one year, be under the age of 65, and have not previously served as chief judge. A vacancy is filled by the judge highest in seniority among the group of qualified judges, with seniority determined first by commission date, then by age. The chief judge serves for a term of seven years, or until age 70, whichever occurs first. If no judge qualifies to be chief, the youngest judge over the age of 65 who has served on the court for at least one year shall act as chief until another judge qualifies. If no judge has served on the court for more than a year, the most senior judge shall act as chief. Judges can forfeit or resign their chief judgeship or acting chief judgeship while retaining their active status as a circuit judge.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the office was created in 1948, the chief judge was the longest-serving judge who had not elected to retire, on what has since 1958 been known as <a href="/wiki/Senior_status" title="Senior status">senior status</a>, or declined to serve as chief judge. After August 6, 1959, judges could not become or remain chief after turning 70 years old. The current rules have been in operation since October 1, 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Succession_of_seats">Succession of seats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Succession of seats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The court has 29 seats for active judges, numbered in the order in which they were initially filled. Judges who assume <a href="/wiki/Senior_status" title="Senior status">senior status</a> enter a kind of retirement in which they remain on the bench but vacate their seats, thus allowing the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> to appoint new judges to fill their seats. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 1 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on December 10, 1869, by the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1869" title="Judiciary Act of 1869">Judiciary Act of 1869</a> as a circuit judgeship for the Ninth Circuit </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Reassigned to the United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit by the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1891" title="Judiciary Act of 1891">Judiciary Act of 1891</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Sawyer" title="Lorenzo Sawyer">Sawyer</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1891 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McKenna" title="Joseph McKenna">McKenna</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1892–1897 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_W._Morrow" title="William W. Morrow">Morrow</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1897–1923 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frank_H._Rudkin" title="Frank H. Rudkin">Rudkin</a></td> <td>WA</td> <td>1923–1931 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Francis_Arthur_Garrecht" title="Francis Arthur Garrecht">Garrecht</a></td> <td>WA</td> <td>1933–1948 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lyndon_Pope" title="Walter Lyndon Pope">Pope</a></td> <td>MT</td> <td>1949–1961 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_R._Browning" title="James R. Browning">Browning</a></td> <td>MT</td> <td>1961–2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Segal_Ikuta" title="Sandra Segal Ikuta">Ikuta</a></b></td> <td>CA</td> <td>2006–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 2 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on June 16, 1891, by the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1891" title="Judiciary Act of 1891">Judiciary Act of 1891</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Ball_Gilbert" title="William Ball Gilbert">Gilbert</a></td> <td>OR</td> <td>1892–1931 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Denman_(judge)" title="William Denman (judge)">Denman</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1935–1957 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Deveta_Hamlin_Jr." title="Oliver Deveta Hamlin Jr.">Hamlin Jr.</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1958–1963 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Walter_Raleigh_Ely_Jr." title="Walter Raleigh Ely Jr.">Ely Jr.</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1964–1979 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Albert_Norris" title="William Albert Norris">Norris</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1980–1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_A._Fletcher" title="William A. Fletcher">W. Fletcher</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1998–2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Holly_A._Thomas" title="Holly A. Thomas">H.A. Thomas</a></b></td> <td>CA</td> <td>2022–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 3 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on February 18, 1895, by 28 Stat. 665 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Erskine_Mayo_Ross" title="Erskine Mayo Ross">Ross</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1895–1925 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wallace_McCamant" title="Wallace McCamant">McCamant</a></td> <td>OR</td> <td>1925–1926 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sigel_Dietrich" title="Frank Sigel Dietrich">Dietrich</a></td> <td>ID</td> <td>1927–1930 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Sawtelle" title="William Henry Sawtelle">Sawtelle</a></td> <td>AZ</td> <td>1931–1934 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Mathews" title="Clifton Mathews">Mathews</a></td> <td>AZ</td> <td>1935–1953 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Alger_Fee" title="James Alger Fee">Fee</a></td> <td>OR</td> <td>1954–1959 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Oliver_Koelsch" title="Montgomery Oliver Koelsch">Koelsch</a></td> <td>ID</td> <td>1959–1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/J._Blaine_Anderson" title="J. Blaine Anderson">Anderson</a></td> <td>ID</td> <td>1976–1988 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_G._Nelson" title="Thomas G. Nelson">T. Nelson</a></td> <td>ID</td> <td>1990–2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/N._Randy_Smith" title="N. Randy Smith">N.R. Smith</a></td> <td>ID</td> <td>2007–2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ryan_D._Nelson" title="Ryan D. Nelson">R. Nelson</a></b></td> <td>ID</td> <td>2018–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 4 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established as a temporary judgeship on March 1, 1929, by 45 Stat. 1414 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Made permanent on June 16, 1933, by 48 Stat. 310 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Curtis_D._Wilbur" title="Curtis D. Wilbur">Wilbur</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1929–1945 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Edwin_Orr" title="William Edwin Orr">Orr</a></td> <td>NV</td> <td>1945–1956 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Barnes" title="Stanley Barnes">Barnes</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1956–1970 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Choy" title="Herbert Choy">Choy</a></td> <td>HI</td> <td>1971–1984 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Melvin_T._Brunetti" title="Melvin T. Brunetti">Brunetti</a></td> <td>NV</td> <td>1985–1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Johnnie_B._Rawlinson" title="Johnnie B. Rawlinson">Rawlinson</a></b></td> <td>NV</td> <td>2000–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 5 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on August 2, 1935, by 49 Stat. 508 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bert_E._Haney" title="Bert E. Haney">Haney</a></td> <td>OR</td> <td>1935–1943 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Homer_Bone" title="Homer Bone">Bone</a></td> <td>WA</td> <td>1944–1956 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frederick_George_Hamley" title="Frederick George Hamley">Hamley</a></td> <td>WA</td> <td>1956–1971 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Tyree_Sneed_III" title="Joseph Tyree Sneed III">Sneed III</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1973–1987 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stephen_S._Trott" title="Stephen S. Trott">Trott</a></td> <td>CA/ID</td> <td>1988–2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/John_B._Owens" title="John B. Owens">Owens</a></b></td> <td>CA</td> <td>2014–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 6 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on April 14, 1937, by 50 Stat. 64 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Albert_Lee_Stephens_Sr." title="Albert Lee Stephens Sr.">Stephens Sr.</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1937–1961 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ben_C._Duniway" title="Ben C. Duniway">Duniway</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1961–1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Procter_Ralph_Hug_Jr." title="Procter Ralph Hug Jr.">Hug Jr.</a></td> <td>NV</td> <td>1977–2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jay_Bybee" title="Jay Bybee">Bybee</a></td> <td>NV</td> <td>2003–2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_VanDyke" title="Lawrence VanDyke">VanDyke</a></b></td> <td>NV</td> <td>2020–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 7 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on April 14, 1937, by 50 Stat. 64 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Healy_(judge)" title="William Healy (judge)">Healy</a></td> <td>ID</td> <td>1937–1958 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_Merton_Merrill" title="Charles Merton Merrill">Merrill</a></td> <td>NV</td> <td>1959–1974 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Kennedy</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1975–1988 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Ann_Rymer" title="Pamela Ann Rymer">Rymer</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1989–2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Watford" title="Paul J. Watford">Watford</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>2012–2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ana_de_Alba" title="Ana de Alba">de Alba</a></b></td> <td>CA</td> <td>2023–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 8 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on February 10, 1954, by 68 Stat. 871 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dal_Millington_Lemmon" title="Dal Millington Lemmon">Lemmon</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1954–1958 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_H._Jertberg" title="Gilbert H. Jertberg">Jertberg</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1958–1967 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Marshall_Carter" title="James Marshall Carter">Carter</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1967–1971 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/J._Clifford_Wallace" title="J. Clifford Wallace">Wallace</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1972–1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kim_McLane_Wardlaw" title="Kim McLane Wardlaw">Wardlaw</a></b></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1998–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 9 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on February 10, 1954, by 68 Stat. 871 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Harvey_Chambers" title="Richard Harvey Chambers">Chambers</a></td> <td>AZ</td> <td>1954–1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tang" title="Thomas Tang">Tang</a></td> <td>AZ</td> <td>1977–1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Daly_Hawkins" title="Michael Daly Hawkins">Hawkins</a></td> <td>AZ</td> <td>1994–2010 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mary_H._Murguia" title="Mary H. Murguia">Murguia</a></b></td> <td>AZ</td> <td>2011–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 10 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on June 18, 1968, by 82 Stat. 184 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Hufstedler" title="Shirley Hufstedler">Hufstedler</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1968–1979 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Boochever" title="Robert Boochever">Boochever</a></td> <td>AK</td> <td>1980–1986 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Diarmuid_O%27Scannlain" title="Diarmuid O'Scannlain">O'Scannlain</a></td> <td>OR</td> <td>1986–2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Danielle_J._Forrest" title="Danielle J. Forrest">Forrest</a></b></td> <td>OR</td> <td>2019–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 11 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on June 18, 1968, by 82 Stat. 184 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Allen_Wright" title="Eugene Allen Wright">Wright</a></td> <td>WA</td> <td>1969–1983 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Beezer" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert R. Beezer">Beezer</a></td> <td>WA</td> <td>1984–1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ronald_M._Gould" title="Ronald M. Gould">Gould</a></b></td> <td>WA</td> <td>1999–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 12 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on June 18, 1968, by 82 Stat. 184 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Kilkenny" title="John Kilkenny">Kilkenny</a></td> <td>OR</td> <td>1969–1971 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Goodwin" title="Alfred Goodwin">Goodwin</a></td> <td>OR</td> <td>1971–1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Kleinfeld" title="Andrew Kleinfeld">Kleinfeld</a></td> <td>AK</td> <td>1991–2010 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Christen" title="Morgan Christen">Christen</a></b></td> <td>AK</td> <td>2011–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 13 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on June 18, 1968, by 82 Stat. 184 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ozell_Miller_Trask" title="Ozell Miller Trask">Trask</a></td> <td>AZ</td> <td>1969–1979 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Canby" title="William Canby">Canby</a></td> <td>AZ</td> <td>1980–1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Barry_G._Silverman" title="Barry G. Silverman">Silverman</a></td> <td>AZ</td> <td>1998–2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Bridget_S._Bade" title="Bridget S. Bade">Bade</a></b></td> <td>AZ</td> <td>2019–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 14 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on October 20, 1978, by 92 Stat. 1629 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mary_M._Schroeder" title="Mary M. Schroeder">Schroeder</a></td> <td>AZ</td> <td>1979–2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_D._Hurwitz" title="Andrew D. Hurwitz">Hurwitz</a></td> <td>AZ</td> <td>2012–2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Roopali_Desai" title="Roopali Desai">Desai</a></b></td> <td>AZ</td> <td>2022–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 15 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on October 20, 1978, by 92 Stat. 1629 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Otto_Richard_Skopil_Jr." title="Otto Richard Skopil Jr.">Skopil Jr.</a></td> <td>OR</td> <td>1979–1986 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_Leavy" title="Edward Leavy">Leavy</a></td> <td>OR</td> <td>1987–1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Susan_P._Graber" title="Susan P. Graber">Graber</a></td> <td>OR</td> <td>1998–2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Sung" title="Jennifer Sung">Sung</a></b></td> <td>OR</td> <td>2021–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 16 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on October 20, 1978, by 92 Stat. 1629 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Betty_Binns_Fletcher" title="Betty Binns Fletcher">B. Fletcher</a></td> <td>WA</td> <td>1979–1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Tallman" title="Richard C. Tallman">Tallman</a></td> <td>WA</td> <td>2000–2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Eric_D._Miller" title="Eric D. Miller">Miller</a></b></td> <td>WA</td> <td>2019–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 17 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on October 20, 1978, by 92 Stat. 1629 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Farris" title="Jerome Farris">Farris</a></td> <td>WA</td> <td>1979–1995 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/M._Margaret_McKeown" title="M. Margaret McKeown">McKeown</a></td> <td>WA/CA</td> <td>1998–2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Mendoza_Jr." title="Salvador Mendoza Jr.">Mendoza Jr.</a></b></td> <td>WA</td> <td>2022–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 18 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on October 20, 1978, by 92 Stat. 1629 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Alarc%C3%B3n" title="Arthur Alarcón">Alarcón</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1979–1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/A._Wallace_Tashima" title="A. Wallace Tashima">Tashima</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1996–2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Milan_Smith" title="Milan Smith">M.D. Smith</a></b></td> <td>CA</td> <td>2006–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 19 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on October 20, 1978, by 92 Stat. 1629 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Harry_Pregerson" title="Harry Pregerson">Pregerson</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1979–2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Daniel_P._Collins" title="Daniel P. Collins">Collins</a></b></td> <td>CA</td> <td>2019–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 20 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on October 20, 1978, by 92 Stat. 1629 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Warren_J._Ferguson" title="Warren J. Ferguson">Ferguson</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1979–1986 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Fernandez" title="Ferdinand Fernandez">Fernandez</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1989–2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Consuelo_Callahan" title="Consuelo Callahan">Callahan</a></b></td> <td>CA</td> <td>2003–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 21 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on October 20, 1978, by 92 Stat. 1629 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cecil_F._Poole" title="Cecil F. Poole">Poole</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1979–1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Paez" title="Richard Paez">Paez</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>2000–2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Koh" title="Lucy Koh">Koh</a></b></td> <td>CA</td> <td>2021–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 22 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on October 20, 1978, by 92 Stat. 1629 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Wright_Nelson" title="Dorothy Wright Nelson">D. Nelson</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1979–1995 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sidney_R._Thomas" title="Sidney R. Thomas">S.R. Thomas</a></td> <td>MT</td> <td>1996–2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Johnstone" title="Anthony Johnstone">Johnstone</a></b></td> <td>MT</td> <td>2023–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 23 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on October 20, 1978, by 92 Stat. 1629 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Reinhardt" title="Stephen Reinhardt">Reinhardt</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1980–2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_K._Lee" title="Kenneth K. Lee">Lee</a></b></td> <td>CA</td> <td>2019–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 24 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on July 10, 1984, by 98 Stat. 333 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Wiggins" title="Charles E. Wiggins">Wiggins</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1984–1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Bea" title="Carlos Bea">Bea</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>2003–2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Bumatay" title="Patrick J. Bumatay">Bumatay</a></b></td> <td>CA</td> <td>2019–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 25 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on July 10, 1984, by 98 Stat. 333 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Holcomb_Hall" title="Cynthia Holcomb Hall">Hall</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1984–1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Clifton" title="Richard Clifton">Clifton</a></td> <td>HI</td> <td>2002–2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mark_J._Bennett" title="Mark J. Bennett">Bennett</a></b></td> <td>HI</td> <td>2018–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 26 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on July 10, 1984, by 98 Stat. 333 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alex_Kozinski" title="Alex Kozinski">Kozinski</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1985–2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bress" title="Daniel Bress">Bress</a></b></td> <td>CA</td> <td>2019–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 27 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on July 10, 1984, by 98 Stat. 333 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/David_R._Thompson" title="David R. Thompson">Thompson</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1985–1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raymond_C._Fisher" title="Raymond C. Fisher">Fisher</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1999–2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Friedland" title="Michelle Friedland">Friedland</a></b></td> <td>CA</td> <td>2014–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 28 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on July 10, 1984, by 98 Stat. 333 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_T._Noonan_Jr." title="John T. Noonan Jr.">Noonan Jr.</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>1985–1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Berzon" title="Marsha Berzon">Berzon</a></td> <td>CA</td> <td>2000–2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_P._Sanchez" title="Gabriel P. Sanchez">Sanchez</a></b></td> <td>CA</td> <td>2022–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 29 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on January 21, 2009, by 121 Stat. 2543<sup id="cite_ref-CSIA2007_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSIA2007-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Nguyen" title="Jacqueline Nguyen">Nguyen</a></b></td> <td>CA</td> <td>2012–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_California" title="Courts of California">Courts of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_appointment_history_for_United_States_federal_courts#Ninth_Circuit" title="Judicial appointment history for United States federal courts">Ninth Circuit appointment history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_circuit_judges" title="List of current United States circuit judges">List of current United States circuit judges</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ChinaPop-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ChinaPop_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ChinaPop_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ChinaPop_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The population of China is not included in the chart for 1912 or 1940, since the Court for China lacked plenary jurisdiction over China's domestic population, then numbering about 430 million people; the court exercised only <a href="/wiki/Extraterritorial_jurisdiction" title="Extraterritorial jurisdiction">extraterritorial jurisdiction</a> over the relatively small number of American citizens in China.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sawyer was appointed as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_circuit_court" title="United States circuit court">circuit judge</a> for the Ninth Circuit in 1869 by <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1891" title="Judiciary Act of 1891">Judiciary Act of 1891</a> reassigned his seat to what is now the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hunt did not have a permanent seat on this court. Instead, he was appointed to the ill-fated <a href="/wiki/United_States_Commerce_Court" title="United States Commerce Court">United States Commerce Court</a> in 1911 by <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a>. Aside from their duties on the Commerce Court, the judges of the Commerce Court also acted as at-large appellate judges, able to be assigned by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice of the United States</a> to whichever circuit most needed help. Hunt was assigned to the Ninth Circuit upon his commission.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Recess_appointment" title="Recess appointment">Recess appointment</a> <a href="/wiki/Unsuccessful_recess_appointments_to_United_States_federal_courts" title="Unsuccessful recess appointments to United States federal courts">not confirmed</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">President Coolidge first nominated Wilbur for the judgeship in the final days of his presidency, but the Senate failed to act on it before the 70tb Congress ended on March 3, 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hoover then resubmitted the nomination to the Senate in the 71st Congress, which approved it.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GAO_AS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GAO_AS_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GAO_AS_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJenkins,_Jr.2008" class="citation report cs1">Jenkins, Jr., William O. (September 18, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-1124T">American Samoa: Issues Associated with Some Federal Court Options</a> (Report). United States Government Accountability Office. GAO-08-1124T<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=American+Samoa%3A+Issues+Associated+with+Some+Federal+Court+Options&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Accountability+Office&rft.date=2008-09-18&rft.aulast=Jenkins%2C+Jr.&rft.aufirst=William+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gao.gov%2Fproducts%2FGAO-08-1124T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Court+of+Appeals+for+the+Ninth+Circuit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederick1994" class="citation book cs1">Frederick, David C. (1994). <i>Rugged justice: the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals and the American West, 1891–1941</i>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520083813" title="Special:BookSources/9780520083813"><bdi>9780520083813</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rugged+justice%3A+the+Ninth+Circuit+Court+of+Appeals+and+the+American+West%2C+1891%E2%80%931941&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780520083813&rft.aulast=Frederick&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Court+of+Appeals+for+the+Ninth+Circuit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, e.g., <i>Republic of China v. Merchants' Fire Ass'n of N.Y.</i>, 49 F.2d 862 (9th Cir. 1931). As the court noted, this bizarre insurance claim dispute arose directly from the "perplexing" civil war during China's <a href="/wiki/Warlord_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Warlord era">warlord era</a>, in which various groups of military officers claimed to be the representatives of the Republic's legitimate government.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Go_Page_7-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Go_Page_7_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGo2003" class="citation book cs1">Go, Julian (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_wJ9tnBsi2YC&pg=PA7">"Introduction"</a>. In Go, Julian; Foster, Anne L. (eds.). <i>The American Colonial State in the Philippines: Global Perspectives</i>. Durham: Duke University Press. pp. 1–42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780822384519" title="Special:BookSources/9780822384519"><bdi>9780822384519</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+American+Colonial+State+in+the+Philippines%3A+Global+Perspectives&rft.place=Durham&rft.pages=1-42&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780822384519&rft.aulast=Go&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_wJ9tnBsi2YC%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Court+of+Appeals+for+the+Ninth+Circuit" class="Z3988"></span> (At p. 7.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Kepner v. United States</i>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_195" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 195">195</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/195/100/">100</a> (1904).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>White v. Samsung Elec. Am., Inc.</i>, 989 F.2d 1512, 1521 (9th Cir. 1993) (Kozinski, J., dissenting).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kleinfeld, Andrew J. (May 22, 1998). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.unt.edu/gpo/csafca/hearings/submitted/KLEINFEL.htm">RE: Splitting the Ninth Circuit</a>". Retrieved June 21, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHofer2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Hofer, Roy E. (January–February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ipo.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Supremecourtreversalrates.pdf">"Supreme Court Reversal Rates: Evaluating the Federal Courts of Appeals"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Landslide</i>. 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L. 110–177</a> § 509(a)(2), 121 Stat. 2534, 2543, January 7, 2008</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Judges of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">United States courts of appeals</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_circuit_judges" title="List of current United States circuit judges">Full list</a> · Names in <b>bold</b> represent current <a href="/wiki/Chief_judge_(United_States)" title="Chief judge (United States)">chief judges</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_First_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit">1st Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/David_J._Barron" title="David J. Barron">Barron</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Gelp%C3%AD" title="Gustavo Gelpí">Gelpí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lara_Montecalvo" title="Lara Montecalvo">Montecalvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Rikelman" title="Julie Rikelman">Rikelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Aframe" title="Seth Aframe">Aframe</a></li> <li><i>1 seat vacant</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levin_H._Campbell" title="Levin H. Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_M._Selya" title="Bruce M. Selya">Selya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Lynch" title="Sandra Lynch">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kermit_Lipez" title="Kermit Lipez">Lipez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_R._Howard" title="Jeffrey R. Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O._Rogeriee_Thompson" title="O. Rogeriee Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Kayatta_Jr." title="William J. Kayatta Jr.">Kayatta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">2nd Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Debra_Ann_Livingston" title="Debra Ann Livingston">Livingston</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Lohier" title="Raymond Lohier">Lohier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Sullivan" title="Richard J. Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._Bianco" title="Joseph F. Bianco">Bianco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_H._Park" title="Michael H. Park">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Nardini" title="William J. Nardini">Nardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Menashi" title="Steven Menashi">Menashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_C._Lee" title="Eunice C. Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Robinson" title="Beth Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrna_P%C3%A9rez" title="Myrna Pérez">Pérez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alison_Nathan" title="Alison Nathan">Nathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_A._L._Merriam" title="Sarah A. L. Merriam">Merriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Ara%C3%BAjo_Kahn" title="Maria Araújo Kahn">Kahn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jon_O._Newman" title="Jon O. Newman">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalya_Kearse" title="Amalya Kearse">Kearse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Walker_Jr." title="John M. Walker Jr.">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Jacobs" title="Dennis Jacobs">Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_N._Leval" title="Pierre N. Leval">Leval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Calabresi" title="Guido Calabresi">Calabresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_A._Cabranes" title="José A. Cabranes">Cabranes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._Sack" title="Robert D. Sack">Sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrington_D._Parker_Jr." title="Barrington D. Parker Jr.">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reena_Raggi" title="Reena Raggi">Raggi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Wesley" title="Richard C. Wesley">Wesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_E._Lynch" title="Gerard E. Lynch">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denny_Chin" title="Denny Chin">Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_L._Carney" title="Susan L. Carney">Carney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Third_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit">3rd Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Michael_Chagares" title="Michael Chagares">Chagares</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_A._Jordan" title="Kent A. Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardiman" title="Thomas Hardiman">Hardiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Shwartz" title="Patty Shwartz">Shwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Ann_Krause" title="Cheryl Ann Krause">Krause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Felipe_Restrepo" title="L. Felipe Restrepo">Restrepo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanos_Bibas" title="Stephanos Bibas">Bibas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Porter_(judge)" title="David J. Porter (judge)">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Matey" title="Paul Matey">Matey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Phipps" title="Peter J. Phipps">Phipps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arianna_J._Freeman" title="Arianna J. Freeman">Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamika_Montgomery-Reeves" title="Tamika Montgomery-Reeves">Montgomery-Reeves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cindy_K._Chung" title="Cindy K. Chung">Chung</a></li> <li><i>1 seat vacant</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Joseph_Scirica" title="Anthony Joseph Scirica">Scirica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cowen" title="Robert Cowen">Cowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lowell_Nygaard" title="Richard Lowell Nygaard">Nygaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Richards_Roth" title="Jane Richards Roth">Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_McKee" title="Theodore McKee">McKee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Rendell" title="Marjorie Rendell">Rendell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Ambro" title="Thomas L. Ambro">Ambro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_M._Fuentes" title="Julio M. Fuentes">Fuentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Brooks_Smith" title="D. Brooks Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Michael_Fisher" title="D. Michael Fisher">Fisher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit">4th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Albert_Diaz_(judge)" title="Albert Diaz (judge)">Diaz</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Harvie_Wilkinson_III" title="J. Harvie Wilkinson III">Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_V._Niemeyer" title="Paul V. Niemeyer">Niemeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_King" title="Robert Bruce King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Gregory" title="Roger Gregory">Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Steven_Agee" title="G. Steven Agee">Agee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Andrew_Wynn" title="James Andrew Wynn">Wynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Thacker" title="Stephanie Thacker">Thacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Harris_(judge)" title="Pamela Harris (judge)">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_N._Richardson" title="Julius N. Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Marvin_Quattlebaum_Jr." title="A. Marvin Quattlebaum Jr.">Quattlebaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Jones_Rushing" title="Allison Jones Rushing">Rushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toby_J._Heytens" title="Toby J. Heytens">Heytens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeAndrea_G._Benjamin" title="DeAndrea G. Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Berner" title="Nicole Berner">Berner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Gribbon_Motz" title="Diana Gribbon Motz">Motz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Byrd_Traxler_Jr." title="William Byrd Traxler Jr.">Traxler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Milano_Keenan" title="Barbara Milano Keenan">Keenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Floyd" title="Henry F. Floyd">Floyd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fifth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit">5th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Walker_Elrod" title="Jennifer Walker Elrod">Elrod</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Jones" title="Edith Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Edwin_Smith" title="Jerry Edwin Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_E._Stewart" title="Carl E. Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Richman" title="Priscilla Richman">Richman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_H._Southwick" title="Leslie H. Southwick">Southwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catharina_Haynes" title="Catharina Haynes">Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Graves_Jr." title="James E. Graves Jr.">Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Higginson" title="Stephen A. Higginson">Higginson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Willett" title="Don Willett">Willett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Ho" title="James C. Ho">Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Duncan_(judge)" title="Kyle Duncan (judge)">Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_D._Engelhardt" title="Kurt D. Engelhardt">Engelhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Oldham" title="Andrew Oldham">Oldham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cory_T._Wilson" title="Cory T. Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_Douglas" title="Dana Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irma_Carrillo_Ramirez" title="Irma Carrillo Ramirez">Ramirez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Dineen_King" title="Carolyn Dineen King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Grady_Jolly" title="E. Grady Jolly">Jolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Higginbotham" title="Patrick Higginbotham">Higginbotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Eugene_Davis" title="W. Eugene Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Duh%C3%A9_Jr." title="John M. Duhé Jr.">Duhé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_L._Wiener_Jr." title="Jacques L. Wiener Jr.">Wiener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhesa_Barksdale" title="Rhesa Barksdale">Barksdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Dennis" title="James L. Dennis">Dennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Brown_Clement" title="Edith Brown Clement">Clement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Sixth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit">6th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Sutton" title="Jeffrey Sutton">Sutton</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Nelson_Moore" title="Karen Nelson Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_L._Clay" title="Eric L. Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Allen_Griffin" title="Richard Allen Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Kethledge" title="Raymond Kethledge">Kethledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Branstetter_Stranch" title="Jane Branstetter Stranch">Stranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amul_Thapar" title="Amul Thapar">Thapar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_K._Bush" title="John K. Bush">Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Larsen" title="Joan Larsen">Larsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nalbandian" title="John Nalbandian">Nalbandian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_Readler" title="Chad Readler">Readler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_E._Murphy" title="Eric E. Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_D._Davis" title="Stephanie D. Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Mathis" title="Andre Mathis">Mathis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Bloomekatz" title="Rachel Bloomekatz">Bloomekatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_G._Ritz" title="Kevin G. Ritz">Ritz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_B._Guy_Jr." title="Ralph B. Guy Jr.">Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Ryan" title="James L. Ryan">Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Julian_Boggs" title="Danny Julian Boggs">Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Eugene_Norris" title="Alan Eugene Norris">Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fred_Suhrheinrich" title="Richard Fred Suhrheinrich">Suhrheinrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Edward_Siler_Jr." title="Eugene Edward Siler Jr.">Siler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_M._Batchelder" title="Alice M. Batchelder">Batchelder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Craig_Daughtrey" title="Martha Craig Daughtrey">Daughtrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Guy_Cole_Jr." title="R. Guy Cole Jr.">Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Lee_Gilman" title="Ronald Lee Gilman">Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Smith_Gibbons" title="Julia Smith Gibbons">Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Rogers" title="John M. Rogers">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_L._Cook" title="Deborah L. Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McKeague" title="David McKeague">McKeague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helene_White" title="Helene White">White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit">7th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Diane_S._Sykes" title="Diane S. Sykes">Sykes</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Easterbrook" title="Frank Easterbrook">Easterbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_B._Brennan" title="Michael B. Brennan">Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Y._Scudder" title="Michael Y. Scudder">Scudder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_St._Eve" title="Amy St. Eve">St. Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kirsch" title="Thomas Kirsch">Kirsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candace_Jackson-Akiwumi" title="Candace Jackson-Akiwumi">Jackson-Akiwumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Z._Lee" title="John Z. Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Pryor" title="Doris Pryor">Pryor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_P._Kolar" title="Joshua P. Kolar">Kolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_L._Maldonado" title="Nancy L. Maldonado">Maldonado</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Bauer" title="William J. Bauer">Bauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Flaum" title="Joel Flaum">Flaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Francis_Ripple" title="Kenneth Francis Ripple">Ripple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilana_Rovner" title="Ilana Rovner">Rovner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hamilton_(judge)" title="David Hamilton (judge)">Hamilton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eighth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit">8th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Steven_Colloton" title="Steven Colloton">Colloton</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Loken" title="James B. Loken">Loken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavenski_Smith" title="Lavenski Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Gruender" title="Raymond Gruender">Gruender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duane_Benton" title="Duane Benton">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Shepherd" title="Bobby Shepherd">Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_L._Kelly" title="Jane L. Kelly">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_R._Erickson" title="Ralph R. Erickson">Erickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Steven_Grasz" title="L. Steven Grasz">Grasz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Stras" title="David Stras">Stras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_A._Kobes" title="Jonathan A. Kobes">Kobes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasco_Bowman_II" title="Pasco Bowman II">Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Leland_Wollman" title="Roger Leland Wollman">Wollman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Arlen_Beam" title="C. Arlen Beam">Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_R._Hansen" title="David R. Hansen">Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_S._Arnold" title="Morris S. Arnold">Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Melloy" title="Michael Joseph Melloy">Melloy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">9th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mary_H._Murguia" title="Mary H. Murguia">Murguia</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_McLane_Wardlaw" title="Kim McLane Wardlaw">Wardlaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_M._Gould" title="Ronald M. Gould">Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnnie_B._Rawlinson" title="Johnnie B. Rawlinson">Rawlinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consuelo_Callahan" title="Consuelo Callahan">Callahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Smith" title="Milan Smith">M. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Segal_Ikuta" title="Sandra Segal Ikuta">Ikuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Christen" title="Morgan Christen">Christen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Nguyen" title="Jacqueline Nguyen">Nguyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Owens" title="John B. Owens">Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Friedland" title="Michelle Friedland">Friedland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_J._Bennett" title="Mark J. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_D._Nelson" title="Ryan D. Nelson">R. Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_D._Miller" title="Eric D. Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridget_S._Bade" title="Bridget S. Bade">Bade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_P._Collins" title="Daniel P. Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_K._Lee" title="Kenneth K. Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bress" title="Daniel Bress">Bress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danielle_J._Forrest" title="Danielle J. Forrest">Forrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Bumatay" title="Patrick J. Bumatay">Bumatay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_VanDyke" title="Lawrence VanDyke">VanDyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Koh" title="Lucy Koh">Koh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Sung" title="Jennifer Sung">Sung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_P._Sanchez" title="Gabriel P. Sanchez">Sanchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly_A._Thomas" title="Holly A. Thomas">H. Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Mendoza_Jr." title="Salvador Mendoza Jr.">Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roopali_Desai" title="Roopali Desai">Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Johnstone" title="Anthony Johnstone">Johnstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_de_Alba" title="Ana de Alba">de Alba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._Clifford_Wallace" title="J. Clifford Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_M._Schroeder" title="Mary M. Schroeder">Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Wright_Nelson" title="Dorothy Wright Nelson">D. Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Canby" title="William Canby">Canby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarmuid_O%27Scannlain" title="Diarmuid O'Scannlain">O'Scannlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_S._Trott" title="Stephen S. Trott">Trott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Fernandez" title="Ferdinand Fernandez">Fernandez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Kleinfeld" title="Andrew Kleinfeld">Kleinfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Daly_Hawkins" title="Michael Daly Hawkins">Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Wallace_Tashima" title="A. Wallace Tashima">Tashima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_R._Thomas" title="Sidney R. Thomas">S. Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_G._Silverman" title="Barry G. Silverman">Silverman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_P._Graber" title="Susan P. Graber">Graber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Margaret_McKeown" title="M. Margaret McKeown">McKeown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Fletcher" title="William A. Fletcher">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Paez" title="Richard Paez">Paez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Berzon" title="Marsha Berzon">Berzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Tallman" title="Richard C. Tallman">Tallman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Clifton" title="Richard Clifton">Clifton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Bybee" title="Jay Bybee">Bybee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Bea" title="Carlos Bea">Bea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Randy_Smith" title="N. Randy Smith">N. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_D._Hurwitz" title="Andrew D. Hurwitz">Hurwitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit">10th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Holmes" title="Jerome Holmes">Holmes</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_Hartz" title="Harris Hartz">Hartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Tymkovich" title="Timothy Tymkovich">Tymkovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Matheson_Jr." title="Scott Matheson Jr.">Matheson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Bacharach" title="Robert E. Bacharach">Bacharach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_A._Phillips" title="Gregory A. Phillips">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_B._McHugh" title="Carolyn B. McHugh">McHugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Moritz" title="Nancy Moritz">Moritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_H._Eid" title="Allison H. Eid">Eid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_M._Carson_III" title="Joel M. Carson III">Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veronica_S._Rossman" title="Veronica S. Rossman">Rossman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Federico" title="Richard Federico">Federico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kulp_Seymour" title="Stephanie Kulp Seymour">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carbone_Porfilio" title="John Carbone Porfilio">Porfilio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_H._Anderson" title="Stephen H. Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Baldock" title="Bobby Baldock">Baldock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_Brorby" title="Wade Brorby">Brorby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_M._Ebel" title="David M. Ebel">Ebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Kelly_Jr." title="Paul Joseph Kelly Jr.">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Beck_Briscoe" title="Mary Beck Briscoe">Briscoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_F._Lucero" title="Carlos F. Lucero">Lucero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_R._Murphy" title="Michael R. Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrence_L._O%27Brien" title="Terrence L. O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit">11th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/William_H._Pryor_Jr." title="William H. Pryor Jr.">W. Pryor</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Wilson_(judge)" title="Charles R. Wilson (judge)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalberto_Jordan" title="Adalberto Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_S._Rosenbaum" title="Robin S. Rosenbaum">Rosenbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_A._Pryor" title="Jill A. Pryor">J. Pryor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Newsom" title="Kevin Newsom">Newsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_L._Branch" title="Elizabeth L. Branch">Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britt_Grant" title="Britt Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Luck" title="Robert J. Luck">Luck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Lagoa" title="Barbara Lagoa">Lagoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_L._Brasher" title="Andrew L. Brasher">Brasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Abudu" title="Nancy Abudu">Abudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embry_Kidd" title="Embry Kidd">Kidd</a> (Designate)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Bard_Tjoflat" title="Gerald Bard Tjoflat">Tjoflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Lanier_Anderson_III" title="R. Lanier Anderson III">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Larry_Edmondson" title="James Larry Edmondson">Edmondson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Fredrick_Dubina" title="Joel Fredrick Dubina">Dubina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_H._Black" title="Susan H. Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Earl_Carnes" title="Edward Earl Carnes">E. Carnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_M._Hull" title="Frank M. Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Marcus_(judge)" title="Stanley Marcus (judge)">Marcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_E._Carnes" title="Julie E. Carnes">J. Carnes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_District_of_Columbia_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit">D.C. Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Sri_Srinivasan" title="Sri Srinivasan">Srinivasan</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_L._Henderson" title="Karen L. Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Millett" title="Patricia Millett">Millett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelia_Pillard" title="Cornelia Pillard">Pillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Wilkins" title="Robert L. Wilkins">Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_G._Katsas" title="Gregory G. Katsas">Katsas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomi_Rao" title="Neomi Rao">Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_R._Walker" title="Justin R. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Michelle_Childs" title="J. Michelle Childs">Childs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Y._Pan" title="Florence Y. Pan">Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Garcia" title="Brad Garcia">Garcia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_T._Edwards" title="Harry T. Edwards">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_H._Ginsburg" title="Douglas H. Ginsburg">Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Sentelle" title="David B. Sentelle">Sentelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Raymond_Randolph" title="A. Raymond Randolph">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_W._Rogers" title="Judith W. Rogers">Rogers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Federal_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit">Federal Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kimberly_A._Moore" title="Kimberly A. Moore">Moore</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Newman" title="Pauline Newman">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_David_Lourie" title="Alan David Lourie">Lourie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_B._Dyk" title="Timothy B. Dyk">Dyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Prost" title="Sharon Prost">Prost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_V._Reyna" title="Jimmie V. Reyna">Reyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_G._Taranto" title="Richard G. Taranto">Taranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_T._Chen" title="Raymond T. Chen">Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_M._Hughes" title="Todd M. Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Farnandez_Stoll" title="Kara Farnandez Stoll">Stoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiffany_P._Cunningham" title="Tiffany P. Cunningham">Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_P._Stark" title="Leonard P. Stark">Stark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haldane_Robert_Mayer" title="Haldane Robert Mayer">Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Jay_Plager" title="S. Jay Plager">Plager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_C._Clevenger" title="Raymond C. Clevenger">Clevenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Anthony_Schall" title="Alvin Anthony Schall">Schall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Curtis_Bryson" title="William Curtis Bryson">Bryson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Linn" title="Richard Linn">Linn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Wallach" title="Evan Wallach">Wallach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Active_district_judges_of_the_Ninth_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_9th_Circuit_district_judges" title="Template:United States 9th Circuit district judges"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_9th_Circuit_district_judges" title="Template talk:United States 9th Circuit district judges"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_9th_Circuit_district_judges" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States 9th Circuit district judges"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Active_district_judges_of_the_Ninth_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Active district judges of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Alaska" title="United States District Court for the District of Alaska">Alaska</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Sharon_L._Gleason" title="Sharon L. Gleason">Gleason</a></b></li> <li><i>2 seats vacant</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Arizona" title="United States District Court for the District of Arizona">Arizona</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Zipps" title="Jennifer Zipps">Zipps</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Paul_Logan" title="Steven Paul Logan">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Tuchi" title="John J. Tuchi">Tuchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Humetewa" title="Diane Humetewa">Humetewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Rosemary Márquez">Márquez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_W._Lanza" title="Dominic W. Lanza">Lanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Brnovich" title="Susan Brnovich">Brnovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_T._Liburdi" title="Michael T. Liburdi">Liburdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_H._Rash" title="Scott H. Rash">Rash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Hinderaker" title="John C. Hinderaker">Hinderaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krissa_M._Lanham" title="Krissa M. Lanham">Lanham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_M._Martinez" title="Angela M. Martinez">Martinez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharad_H._Desai" title="Sharad H. Desai">Desai</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Designate)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Central_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Central District of California">C. California</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dolly_Gee" title="Dolly Gee">Gee</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Victor_Wilson" title="Stephen Victor Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_O._Carter" title="David O. Carter">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Anderson_(judge)" title="Percy Anderson (judge)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Walter" title="John F. Walter">Walter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Gary_Klausner" title="R. Gary Klausner">Klausner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otis_D._Wright_II" title="Otis D. Wright II">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Staton" title="Josephine Staton">Staton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Fitzgerald" title="Michael W. Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Bernal" title="Jesus Bernal">Bernal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_M._Olguin" title="Fernando M. Olguin">Olguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Birotte_Jr." title="André Birotte Jr.">Birotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Blumenfeld" title="Stanley Blumenfeld">Blumenfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Holcomb" title="John W. Holcomb">Holcomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_C._Scarsi" title="Mark C. Scarsi">Scarsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Aenlle-Rocha" title="Fernando Aenlle-Rocha">Aenlle-Rocha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maame_Ewusi-Mensah_Frimpong" title="Maame Ewusi-Mensah Frimpong">Frimpong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_W._Slaughter" title="Fred W. Slaughter">Slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunshine_Sykes" title="Sunshine Sykes">Sykes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherilyn_Peace_Garnett" title="Sherilyn Peace Garnett">Garnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Hsu" title="Wesley Hsu">Hsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_D._Vera" title="Hernán D. Vera">Vera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenly_Kiya_Kato" title="Kenly Kiya Kato">Kato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3nica_Ram%C3%ADrez_Almadani" title="Mónica Ramírez Almadani">Ramírez Almadani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Williams_Court" title="Michelle Williams Court">Court</a></li> <li><i>3 seats vacant</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of California">E. California</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Troy_L._Nunley" title="Troy L. Nunley">Nunley</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_A._Drozd" title="Dale A. Drozd">Drozd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_L._Thurston" title="Jennifer L. Thurston">Thurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Calabretta" title="Daniel Calabretta">Calabretta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_E._Sherriff" title="Kirk E. Sherriff">Sherriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dena_M._Coggins" title="Dena M. Coggins">Coggins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of California">N. California</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Richard_Seeborg" title="Richard Seeborg">Seeborg</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Davila" title="Edward Davila">Davila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Gonzalez_Rogers" title="Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_S._Tigar" title="Jon S. Tigar">Tigar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Donato" title="James Donato">Donato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Labson_Freeman" title="Beth Labson Freeman">Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Chhabria" title="Vince Chhabria">Chhabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haywood_Gilliam" title="Haywood Gilliam">Gilliam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Scott_Corley" title="Jacqueline Scott Corley">Corley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trina_Thompson" title="Trina Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araceli_Mart%C3%ADnez-Olgu%C3%ADn" title="Araceli Martínez-Olguín">Martínez-Olguín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Casey_Pitts" title="P. Casey Pitts">Pitts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_F._Lin" title="Rita F. Lin">Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumi_K._Lee" title="Eumi K. Lee">Lee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of California">S. California</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dana_Sabraw" title="Dana Sabraw">Sabraw</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janis_Lynn_Sammartino" title="Janis Lynn Sammartino">Sammartino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Ann_Bencivengo" title="Cathy Ann Bencivengo">Bencivengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Bashant" title="Cynthia Bashant">Bashant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_W._Robinson" title="Todd W. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Lopez_(judge)" title="Linda Lopez (judge)">Lopez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinsook_Ohta" title="Jinsook Ohta">Ohta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bermudez_Montenegro" title="Ruth Bermudez Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Huie" title="Robert S. Huie">Huie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_G._Schopler" title="Andrew G. Schopler">Schopler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Simmons_Jr." title="James E. Simmons Jr.">Simmons</a></li> <li><i>2 seats vacant</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Hawaii" title="United States District Court for the District of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Derrick_Watson" title="Derrick Watson">Watson</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Otake" title="Jill Otake">Otake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_W._J._Smith" title="Micah W. J. Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanlyn_A._S._Park" title="Shanlyn A. S. Park">Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Idaho" title="United States District Court for the District of Idaho">Idaho</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/David_Nye_(judge)" title="David Nye (judge)">Nye</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Brailsford" title="Amanda Brailsford">Brailsford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Montana" title="United States District Court for the District of Montana">Montana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Brian_Morris_(judge)" title="Brian Morris (judge)">Morris</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_L._Christensen" title="Dana L. Christensen">Christensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_P._Watters" title="Susan P. Watters">Watters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Nevada" title="United States District Court for the District of Nevada">Nevada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Andrew_P._Gordon" title="Andrew P. Gordon">Gordon</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Navarro" title="Gloria Navarro">Navarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miranda_Du" title="Miranda Du">Du</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_A._Dorsey" title="Jennifer A. Dorsey">Dorsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Boulware" title="Richard F. Boulware">Boulware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Traum" title="Anne Traum">Traum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristina_D._Silva" title="Cristina D. Silva">Silva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Oregon" title="United States District Court for the District of Oregon">Oregon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._McShane" title="Michael J. McShane">McShane</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_H._Simon" title="Michael H. Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karin_Immergut" title="Karin Immergut">Immergut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Nelson" title="Adrienne Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_M._Baggio" title="Amy M. Baggio">Baggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_T._Kasubhai" title="Mustafa T. Kasubhai">Kasubhai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Washington" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington">E. Washington</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Bastian" title="Stanley Bastian">Bastian</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_O._Rice" title="Thomas O. Rice">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Dimke" title="Mary Dimke">Dimke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_L._Pennell" title="Rebecca L. Pennell">Pennell</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Designate)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Washington" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Washington">W. Washington</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/David_Estudillo" title="David Estudillo">Estudillo</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tana_Lin" title="Tana Lin">Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_J._King" title="Lauren J. King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Chun" title="John H. Chun">Chun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Whitehead" title="Jamal Whitehead">Whitehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kymberly_Evanson" title="Kymberly Evanson">Evanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiffany_Cartwright" title="Tiffany Cartwright">Cartwright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/District_Court_of_Guam" title="District Court of Guam">Guam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Frances_Tydingco-Gatewood" title="Frances Tydingco-Gatewood">Tydingco-Gatewood</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/District_Court_for_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands">N. Mariana Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ramona_Villagomez_Manglona" title="Ramona Villagomez Manglona">Manglona</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Senior_district_judges_of_the_Ninth_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_9th_Circuit_senior_district_judges" title="Template:United States 9th Circuit senior district judges"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_9th_Circuit_senior_district_judges" title="Template talk:United States 9th Circuit senior district judges"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_9th_Circuit_senior_district_judges" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States 9th Circuit senior district judges"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Senior_district_judges_of_the_Ninth_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Senior district judges of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Alaska" title="United States District Court for the District of Alaska">Alaska</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H._Russel_Holland" title="H. Russel Holland">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Singleton" title="James K. Singleton">Singleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Sedwick" title="John W. Sedwick">Sedwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Beistline" title="Ralph Beistline">Beistline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_M._Burgess" title="Timothy M. Burgess">Burgess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Arizona" title="United States District Court for the District of Arizona">Arizona</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_M._McNamee" title="Stephen M. McNamee">McNamee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roslyn_O._Silver" title="Roslyn O. Silver">Silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_R._Zapata" title="Frank R. Zapata">Zapata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raner_Collins" title="Raner Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_R._Bolton" title="Susan R. Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Teilborg" title="James A. Teilborg">Teilborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_J._Martone" title="Frederick J. Martone">Martone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cindy_K._Jorgenson" title="Cindy K. Jorgenson">Jorgenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_C._Bury" title="David C. Bury">Bury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_G._Campbell" title="David G. Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_V._Wake" title="Neil V. Wake">Wake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Murray_Snow" title="G. Murray Snow">Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_L._Rayes" title="Douglas L. Rayes">Rayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Soto" title="James A. Soto">Soto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Central_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Central District of California">C. California</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terry_J._Hatter_Jr." title="Terry J. Hatter Jr.">Hatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consuelo_Bland_Marshall" title="Consuelo Bland Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Duffy_Keller" title="William Duffy Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Pregerson" title="Dean Pregerson">Pregerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_A._Snyder" title="Christina A. Snyder">Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_A._Phillips" title="Virginia A. Phillips">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_V._Selna" title="James V. Selna">Selna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cormac_J._Carney" title="Cormac J. Carney">Carney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_S._Fischer" title="Dale S. Fischer">Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Baker_Fairbank" title="Valerie Baker Fairbank">Fairbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Wu" title="George H. Wu">Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kronstadt" title="John Kronstadt">Kronstadt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of California">E. California</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Shubb" title="William B. Shubb">Shubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garland_E._Burrell_Jr." title="Garland E. Burrell Jr.">Burrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_W._Ishii" title="Anthony W. Ishii">Ishii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Joseph_O%27Neill" title="Lawrence Joseph O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mendez" title="John Mendez">Mendez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberly_J._Mueller" title="Kimberly J. Mueller">Mueller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of California">N. California</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thelton_Henderson" title="Thelton Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saundra_Brown_Armstrong" title="Saundra Brown Armstrong">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Ann_Wilken" title="Claudia Ann Wilken">Wilken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxine_M._Chesney" title="Maxine M. Chesney">Chesney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Illston" title="Susan Illston">Illston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Breyer" title="Charles Breyer">Breyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alsup" title="William Alsup">Alsup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_J._Hamilton" title="Phyllis J. Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_White" title="Jeffrey White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_M._Chen" title="Edward M. Chen">Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Orrick_III" title="William Orrick III">Orrick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of California">S. California</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_L._Huff" title="Marilyn L. Huff">Huff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Ted_Moskowitz" title="Barry Ted Moskowitz">Moskowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_T._Miller" title="Jeffrey T. Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Whelan_(judge)" title="Thomas J. Whelan (judge)">Whelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._James_Lorenz" title="M. James Lorenz">Lorenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Q._Hayes" title="William Q. Hayes">Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Houston" title="John A. Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Benitez" title="Roger Benitez">Benitez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Anello" title="Michael Anello">Anello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_J._Battaglia" title="Anthony J. Battaglia">Battaglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_P._Curiel" title="Gonzalo P. Curiel">Curiel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Hawaii" title="United States District Court for the District of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Alan_Ezra" title="David Alan Ezra">Ezra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_W._Gillmor" title="Helen W. Gillmor">Gillmor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Oki_Mollway" title="Susan Oki Mollway">Mollway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Michael_Seabright" title="John Michael Seabright">Seabright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_E._Kobayashi" title="Leslie E. Kobayashi">Kobayashi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Idaho" title="United States District Court for the District of Idaho">Idaho</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lodge" title="Edward Lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Lynn_Winmill" title="B. Lynn Winmill">Winmill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Montana" title="United States District Court for the District of Montana">Montana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_W._Molloy" title="Donald W. Molloy">Molloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_E._Haddon" title="Sam E. Haddon">Haddon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Nevada" title="United States District Court for the District of Nevada">Nevada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howard_D._McKibben" title="Howard D. McKibben">McKibben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_L._Hunt" title="Roger L. Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Dawson" title="Kent Dawson">Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Mahan" title="James C. Mahan">Mahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Clive_Jones" title="Robert Clive Jones">Jones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Oregon" title="United States District Court for the District of Oregon">Oregon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_F._Marsh" title="Malcolm F. Marsh">Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Jones_(judge)" title="Robert E. Jones (judge)">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancer_L._Haggerty" title="Ancer L. Haggerty">Haggerty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Aiken" title="Ann Aiken">Aiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_J._Brown" title="Anna J. Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Mosman" title="Michael W. Mosman">Mosman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_A._Hernandez" title="Marco A. Hernandez">Hernandez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Washington" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington">E. Washington</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Fremming_Nielsen" title="William Fremming Nielsen">Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Whaley" title="Robert H. Whaley">Whaley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_F._Shea" title="Edward F. Shea">Shea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonny_R._Suko" title="Lonny R. Suko">Suko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosanna_M._Peterson" title="Rosanna M. Peterson">Peterson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Washington" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Washington">W. Washington</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jacobs_Rothstein" title="Barbara Jacobs Rothstein">Rothstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Coughenour" title="John C. Coughenour">Coughenour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_R._Dimmick" title="Carolyn R. Dimmick">Dimmick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jensen_Bryan" title="Robert Jensen Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Samuel_Zilly" title="Thomas Samuel Zilly">Zilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Lasnik" title="Robert S. Lasnik">Lasnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsha_J._Pechman" title="Marsha J. Pechman">Pechman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_S._Martinez" title="Ricardo S. Martinez">Martinez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Robart" title="James Robart">Robart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Settle" title="Benjamin Settle">Settle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Jones" title="Richard A. Jones">Jones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/District_Court_of_Guam" title="District Court of Guam">Guam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/District_Court_for_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands">N. Mariana Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alex_R._Munson" title="Alex R. Munson">Munson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_federal_courts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_federal_courts" title="Template:United States federal courts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_federal_courts" title="Template talk:United States federal courts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_federal_courts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States federal courts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_federal_courts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">United States federal courts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">United States courts of appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_district_and_territorial_courts" title="List of United States district and territorial courts">List of United States district and territorial courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Court_of_Appeals_and_District_Court_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/US_Court_of_Appeals_and_District_Court_map.svg/500px-US_Court_of_Appeals_and_District_Court_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/US_Court_of_Appeals_and_District_Court_map.svg/750px-US_Court_of_Appeals_and_District_Court_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/US_Court_of_Appeals_and_District_Court_map.svg/1000px-US_Court_of_Appeals_and_District_Court_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">Courts of appeals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_First_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Third_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fifth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Sixth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eighth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit">8th</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_District_of_Columbia_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit">DC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Federal_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit">Federal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">District courts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Alabama (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_Alabama" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama">M</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Alabama" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Alabama" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama">S</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Alaska" title="United States District Court for the District of Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Arizona" title="United States District Court for the District of Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li>Arkansas (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Arkansas" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Arkansas" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas">W</a>)</li> <li>California (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Central_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Central District of California">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of California">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of California">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of California">S</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Colorado" title="United States District Court for the District of Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Connecticut" title="United States District Court for the District of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Delaware" title="United States District Court for the District of Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States District Court for the District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a></li> <li>Florida (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_Florida" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida">M</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Florida" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Florida" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida">S</a>)</li> <li>Georgia (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_Georgia" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of Georgia">M</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Georgia" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Georgia" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Georgia">S</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Hawaii" title="United States District Court for the District of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Idaho" title="United States District Court for the District of Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li>Illinois (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Central_District_of_Illinois" title="United States District Court for the Central District of Illinois">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Illinois" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Illinois" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois">S</a>)</li> <li>Indiana (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Indiana" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Indiana">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Indiana" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana">S</a>)</li> <li>Iowa (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Iowa" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Iowa">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Iowa" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa">S</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Kansas" title="United States District Court for the District of Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li>Kentucky (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Kentucky" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Kentucky" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky">W</a>)</li> <li>Louisiana (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Louisiana" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_Louisiana" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana">M</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Louisiana" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana">W</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Maine" title="United States District Court for the District of Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Maryland" title="United States District Court for the District of Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Massachusetts" title="United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li>Michigan (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Michigan" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Michigan" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan">W</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Minnesota" title="United States District Court for the District of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li>Mississippi (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Mississippi" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Mississippi" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi">S</a>)</li> <li>Missouri (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Missouri" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Missouri" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri">W</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Montana" title="United States District Court for the District of Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Nebraska" title="United States District Court for the District of Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Nevada" title="United States District Court for the District of Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_New_Hampshire" title="United States District Court for the District of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_New_Jersey" title="United States District Court for the District of New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_New_Mexico" title="United States District Court for the District of New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li>New York (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of New York">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">S</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Western District of New York">W</a>)</li> <li>North Carolina (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_North_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_North_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina">M</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_North_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina">W</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_North_Dakota" title="United States District Court for the District of North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li>Ohio (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Ohio" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Ohio" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio">S</a>)</li> <li>Oklahoma (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Oklahoma" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Oklahoma" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Oklahoma" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma">W</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Oregon" title="United States District Court for the District of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li>Pennsylvania (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Pennsylvania" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_Pennsylvania" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania">M</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Pennsylvania" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania">W</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Puerto_Rico" title="United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Rhode_Island" title="United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_South_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the District of South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_South_Dakota" title="United States District Court for the District of South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li>Tennessee (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Tennessee" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_Tennessee" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee">M</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Tennessee" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee">W</a>)</li> <li>Texas (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Texas" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Texas" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Texas" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas">S</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Texas" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Texas">W</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Utah" title="United States District Court for the District of Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Vermont" title="United States District Court for the District of Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li>Virginia (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia">W</a>)</li> <li>Washington (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Washington" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Washington" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Washington">W</a>)</li> <li>West Virginia (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_West_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_West_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia">S</a>)</li> <li>Wisconsin (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Wisconsin" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Wisconsin" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin">W</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Wyoming" title="United States District Court for the District of Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialty courts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_International_Trade" title="United States Court of International Trade">Court of International Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Judicial_Panel_on_Multidistrict_Litigation" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation"> Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Alien_Terrorist_Removal_Court" title="United States Alien Terrorist Removal Court">Alien Terrorist Removal Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Court" title="United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court">Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Court_of_Review" title="United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review">Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_territorial_court" title="United States territorial court">Territorial courts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_Court_of_Guam" title="District Court of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Court_for_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Court_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="District Court of the Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extinct courts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_United_States_district_courts" title="List of former United States district courts">Former United States district courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Orleans" title="United States District Court for the District of Orleans">District of Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Potomac" title="United States District Court for the District of Potomac">District of Potomac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Illinois" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Illinois">Eastern District of Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Canal_Zone" title="United States District Court for the Canal Zone">District of the Canal Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_for_China" title="United States Court for China">District of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_for_Berlin" title="United States Court for Berlin">District of Berlin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Note</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a> does not have a district court or federal territorial court; federal matters there go to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States District Court for the District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Hawaii" title="United States District Court for the District of Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, or <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_American_Samoa" title="High Court of American Samoa">its own Supreme Court</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Courts_and_bar_associations_in_Oregon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link 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style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Judicial_Department" title="Oregon Judicial Department">State courts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Supreme_Court" title="Oregon Supreme Court">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Court_of_Appeals" title="Oregon Court of Appeals">Court of Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Circuit_Courts" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregon Circuit Courts">Circuit courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Tax_Court" title="Oregon Tax Court">Tax court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local courts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justice_courts_(Oregon)" title="Justice courts (Oregon)">Justice courts</a></li> <li><a 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