CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html>     <html lang="en" dir="ltr" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:article="http://ogp.me/ns/article#" xmlns:book="http://ogp.me/ns/book#" xmlns:profile="http://ogp.me/ns/profile#" xmlns:video="http://ogp.me/ns/video#" xmlns:product="http://ogp.me/ns/product#" class="no-js">  <head profile="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab"> <script type="text/javascript" id="Cookiebot" src="https://consent.cookiebot.com/uc.js" data-cbid="694f6fb4-ca29-459f-a9b6-c1deccf2eaca" async="async"></script> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/waves_favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <meta name="rating" content="general" /> <meta name="generator" content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity14" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.usenix.org/node/166498" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="USENIX" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity14" /> <meta property="og:title" content="USENIX Security '14" /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2014-12-09T15:23:07-08:00" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta name="twitter:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta name="twitter:image:height" content="630" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2012-01-27T15:07:01-08:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2014-12-09T15:23:07-08:00" />   <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"d823139095",applicationID:"509444"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>g,gD:()=>h,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function g(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=g(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>c,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>d,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=c&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,d=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Date.now()-(0,n.t)())},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),g(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return g(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),g(e,t)})))}function g(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=g(n),c=h(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=m()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:v,listeners:h,context:g,buffer:function(e,t){const r=m();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!m()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function g(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=h(e).concat(t)}function h(e){return n[e]||[]}function v(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function m(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,bz:()=>a});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log";n.K7.logging},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G4:()=>i});var n=r(2614);r(860).K7.sessionReplay;const i={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"};n.g.ERROR,n.g.FULL,n.g.OFF},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>P});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),g=r(384),p=r(6344);const h=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],v=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var m=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993);var w=r(2646),A=r(3434);function R(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,A.YM)(i),a=new w.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function E(){const e=(0,g.pV)();h.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const x={};function _(e,t,g=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const h={};var w=s.ee.get(e),A=w.get("tracer");x[e]=b.g.OFF,w.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{x[e]=t}));var E="api-",_=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),j(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function T(){}h.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),function(e,t,r={},i=y.p_.INFO){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/logging/".concat(i.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,n.K7.metrics,e),(0,a.p)(y.ET,[(0,m.t)(),t,r,i],void 0,n.K7.logging,e)}(w,e,t,r)},h.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),R(w,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},v.forEach((e=>{h[e]=j(E,e,!0,"api")})),h.addPageAction=j(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,j(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},h.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},h.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),w.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},h[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h.interaction=function(e){return(new T).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const S=T.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),g||(0,a.p)(_+"tracer",[(0,m.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,w),function(){if(A.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,m.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw A.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{A.emit("fn-end",[(0,m.t)()],r)}}}};function j(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,m.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,w),r?void 0:this}}function k(){r.e(296).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),w.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{S[e]=j(_,e,void 0,g?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),h.setCurrentRouteName=g?j(_,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):j(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),h.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,m.t)(),!1,r,!!x[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,w)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>k()),!0):k(),h}var N=r(9417),T=r(8122);const S={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},j={};var k=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let O=!1;function P(e,t={},r,n){let{init:a,info:c,loader_config:u,runtime:l={},exposed:f=!0}=t;l.loaderType=r;const p=(0,g.pV)();c||(a=p.init,c=p.info,u=p.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,a||{}),function(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");j[e]=(0,T.a)(t,S);const r=(0,g.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=j[e])}(e.agentIdentifier,u||{}),c.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(c.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,c);const h=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),v=[c.beacon,c.errorBeacon];O||(h.proxy.assets&&(I(h.proxy.assets),v.push(h.proxy.assets)),h.proxy.beacon&&v.push(h.proxy.beacon),E(),(0,g.US)("activatedFeatures",k.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===h.soft_navigations.enabled&&h.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),l.denyList=[...h.ajax.deny_list||[],...h.ajax.block_internal?v:[]],l.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,l),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=_(e.agentIdentifier,n,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=f),O=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.274.0.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={296:"sha512-gkYkZDAwQ9PwaDXs2YM+rNIdRej1Ac1mupWobRJ8eahQcXz6/sunGZCKklrzi5kWxhOGRZr2tn0rEKuLTXzfAA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var g=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(g.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=g.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=g.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={840:0,374:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(7603);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),g=i(5289),p=i(6154),h=i(384);const v=e=>p.RI&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled");function m(e){return!!(0,h.dV)().o.MO&&v(e)&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}var b=i(6389);class y extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,b.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if(v(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,3861));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,g.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return m(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var w=i(6630);class A extends y{static featureName=w.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,w.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(9908),E=i(2843),x=i(3878),_=i(782),N=i(1863);class T extends y{static featureName=_.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,R.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,x.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,R.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var S=i(3969);class j extends y{static featureName=S.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,S.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,h.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(A),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,h.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[A,T,j],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/usenix_logo_full_social_share_1200.png" /> <meta property="og:image:url" content="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/usenix_logo_full_social_share_1200.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/usenix_logo_full_social_share_1200.png" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="NWZh1b4m1muqzcGTUY41ERnLVVU1U0nU1knFu0v-Y5g" />  <title>USENIX Security '14 | USENIX</title><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/css/css_vZ_wrMQ9Og-YPPxa1q4us3N7DsZMJa-14jShHgRoRNo.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/css/css_O1oOBWQ8zng62hvJxAydotEnGz7Z4Ohuot33se1SKH4.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/css/css_yHlfXmeFf7wEj1Rr6GNnmGph-16XN6DGOsFQ5-AeKXk.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/css/css_XQfCg5kiuU6ACblHn3rDXdgaKZR8AxbhrQR4Gznu5qA.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/css/css_1Cns3L1_TrifKTSgp644ViF6O9TZ1O0lZsCwyMt9kfE.css" media="screen" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/css/css_47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU.css" media="print" />    <link href="./css/ie.css" media="screen, projection" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/js/js_fyV0VVkC6Q3xduxGurKMTFIU2dMmArUrbAdZORL-9WQ.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/js/js_s7yA-hwRxnKty__ED6DuqmTMKG39xvpRyrtyCrbWH4M.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/js/js_JbEe9MTfzIyG92IjkytVdCv28zbFMHwEeqUYL_S3k24.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/js/js_SSFIdMan3hS8K9lA9rjFw0JBrCK69vjFDfTVQHWROH4.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://js.stripe.com/v3"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/js/js_ILONILlX06kZtY3IVUMaeuMs_GJ1hSJY46daikoF9fA.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/js/js_ByQqoFmos53DlLDLfNaeXBXbxiumZmAoP08wXIegdFk.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <![CDATA[//><!]]> </script>  <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context" : "http://schema.org", "@type" : "Organization", "name" : "USENIX Association", "url" : "https://www.usenix.org", "sameAs" : [ "https://www.facebook.com/usenixassociation", "http://www.twitter.com/usenix", "https://plus.google.com/108588319090208187909/posts", "http://www.linkedin.com/groups/USENIX-Association-49559/about", "http://www.youtube.com/user/USENIXAssociation"] } </script> </head> <body class="html not-front not-logged-in page-node page-node- page-node-166498 node-type-conference context-conference og-context og-context-node og-context-node-166498 user-is-non-member tao one-sidebar sidebar-left" > <div id="skip-link"> <a href="#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a> </div><noscript aria-hidden="true"><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WQSPGJT" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div id='top-outer'> <div id='top' class='limiter'> <div id='top-inner'> <div class="top-left"> <div id="site-name"><a href="/">USENIX</a></div> </div>  <div id="top-right"> <nav id="conference-top"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/conferences" title="">Conferences</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/students" title="">Students</a></li> </ul> <span class="conference-header-login"><a href="/user?destination=node/166498">Sign in</a></span> </nav> </div>  </div> </div> </div>  <div id="conference-header"> <div id='header'> <a href="/conference/usenixsecurity14"> <div id="header-main" class="header-main-replaced" style="background-image: url('https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/conference_header/public/sec14_banner.png?itok=g8Fuvlmk');"> <div class="header-main-background"></div> </div> </a> </div> </div>  <div id="container"> <div id='page' class='clearfix limiter page-content'> <div id='sidebar-left'> <div class="region region-left"> <div class='block block-og-menu og-single-menu-block clearfix' id="block-og-menu-og-single-menu-block"> <div class="block-content clearfix"><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf active-trail"><a href="/conference/usenixsecurity14" title="" class="active-trail active">Overview</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/conference/usenixsecurity14/symposium-organizers" title="">Symposium Organizers</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/conference/usenixsecurity14/glance">At a Glance</a></li> <li class="expanded"><a href="/conference/usenixsecurity14/registration-information" title="">Registration Information</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/conference/usenixsecurity14/registration-discounts" title="">Registration Discounts</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/conference/usenixsecurity14/venue-hotel-travel" title="">Venue, Hotel, and Travel</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/conference/usenixsecurity14/technical-sessions" title="">Technical Sessions</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/conference/usenixsecurity14/workshops" title="">Co-Located Workshops</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/conference/usenixsecurity14/accepted-posters" title="">Accepted Posters</a></li> <li class="expanded"><a href="/conference/usenixsecurity14/activities">Activities</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/conference/usenixsecurity14/birds-feather-sessions" title="">Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/conference/usenixsecurity14/work-progress-reports" title="">Work-in-Progress Reports</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/conference/usenixsecurity14/sponsorship" title="">Sponsorship</a></li> <li class="collapsed"><a href="/conference/usenixsecurity14/students-grants" title="">Students and Grants</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/conference/usenixsecurity14/services" title="">Services</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/conference/usenixsecurity14/questions" title="">Questions?</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/conference/usenixsecurity14/help-promote-usenix-security-14" title="">Help Promote!</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/sec14_web_flyer.pdf" title="">Flyer PDF</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/conference/usenixsecurity14/participants" title="">For Participants</a></li> <li class="collapsed"><a href="/conference/usenixsecurity14/call-for-papers" title="">Call for Papers</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="https://www.usenix.org/conferences/byname/108" title="">Past Symposia</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class='block block-views 62d2f64acb27de822db5a37338f56b09 clearfix' id="block-views-62d2f64acb27de822db5a37338f56b09"> <div class="block-content clearfix"><div class="view view-conference-node-element-blocks view-id-conference_node_element_blocks view-display-id-block_1 view-dom-id-9064300569d4c43f10b461f710654641"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="miniad odd"> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class='block block-views srecon-sidebar sponsor-slideshow-block-1 clearfix' id="block-views-sponsor-slideshow-block-1"> <h2 class="block-title clearfix"> sponsors </h2> <div class="block-content clearfix"><div class="view view-sponsor-slideshow view-id-sponsor_slideshow view-display-id-block_1 view-dom-id-00b6f3f13630afd3b6b96c2231d18618"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="skin-default"> <div id="views_slideshow_cycle_main_sponsor_slideshow-block_1_1" class="views_slideshow_cycle_main views_slideshow_main"><div id="views_slideshow_cycle_teaser_section_sponsor_slideshow-block_1_1" class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame views_slideshow_cycle_teaser_section"> <div id="views_slideshow_cycle_div_sponsor_slideshow-block_1_1_0" class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row views_slideshow_cycle_slide views_slideshow_slide views-row-1 views-row-first views-row-odd" > <div class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row-item views-row views-row-0 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-level"> <div class="field-content">Gold Sponsor</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="http://www.nsf.gov" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_slideshow_front/public/sponsor_images/nsf_150x60_v2.png?itok=cppdWfbE" width="150" height="60" alt="" /></a></div> </div></div> </div> <div id="views_slideshow_cycle_div_sponsor_slideshow-block_1_1_1" class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row views_slideshow_cycle_slide views_slideshow_slide views-row-2 views_slideshow_cycle_hidden views-row-even" > <div class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row-item views-row views-row-0 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-level"> <div class="field-content">Gold Sponsor</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="http://www.facebook.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_slideshow_front/public/sponsor_images/facebook_150x50_0.png?itok=Se2WLSWk" width="150" height="50" alt="" /></a></div> </div></div> </div> <div id="views_slideshow_cycle_div_sponsor_slideshow-block_1_1_2" class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row views_slideshow_cycle_slide views_slideshow_slide views-row-3 views_slideshow_cycle_hidden views-row-odd" > <div class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row-item views-row views-row-0 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-level"> <div class="field-content">Gold Sponsor</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="http://www.google.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_slideshow_front/public/sponsor_images/google_logo_300x110.png?itok=VL8cCZzd" width="200" height="73" alt="" /></a></div> </div></div> </div> <div id="views_slideshow_cycle_div_sponsor_slideshow-block_1_1_3" class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row views_slideshow_cycle_slide views_slideshow_slide views-row-4 views_slideshow_cycle_hidden views-row-even" > <div class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row-item views-row views-row-0 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-level"> <div class="field-content">Silver Sponsor</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="http://www.microsoft.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_slideshow_front/public/sponsor_images/microsoft_research_150x42_2.png?itok=dg1FDI4C" width="150" height="42" alt="" /></a></div> </div></div> </div> <div id="views_slideshow_cycle_div_sponsor_slideshow-block_1_1_4" class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row views_slideshow_cycle_slide views_slideshow_slide views-row-5 views_slideshow_cycle_hidden views-row-odd" > <div class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row-item views-row views-row-0 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-level"> <div class="field-content">Bronze Sponsor</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="http://www.cryptography.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_slideshow_front/public/sponsor_images/cryptography_research_150x46.png?itok=F_OlzETK" width="150" height="46" alt="" /></a></div> </div></div> </div> <div id="views_slideshow_cycle_div_sponsor_slideshow-block_1_1_5" class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row views_slideshow_cycle_slide views_slideshow_slide views-row-6 views_slideshow_cycle_hidden views-row-even" > <div class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row-item views-row views-row-0 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-level"> <div class="field-content">Bronze Sponsor</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="http://www.qualcomm.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_slideshow_front/public/sponsor_images/qualcomm_150x22.png?itok=E5MjWNbx" width="150" height="33" alt="" /></a></div> </div></div> </div> <div id="views_slideshow_cycle_div_sponsor_slideshow-block_1_1_6" class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row views_slideshow_cycle_slide views_slideshow_slide views-row-7 views_slideshow_cycle_hidden views-row-odd" > <div class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row-item views-row views-row-0 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-level"> <div class="field-content">Bronze Sponsor</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="http://www.research.ibm.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_slideshow_front/public/sponsor_images/ibm_research_150x60.png?itok=pgyh7kB4" width="150" height="60" alt="" /></a></div> </div></div> </div> <div id="views_slideshow_cycle_div_sponsor_slideshow-block_1_1_7" class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row views_slideshow_cycle_slide views_slideshow_slide views-row-8 views_slideshow_cycle_hidden views-row-even" > <div class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row-item views-row views-row-0 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-level"> <div class="field-content">Media Sponsor</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="http://tci.taborcommunications.com/HPCwireLogo_Usenix" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_slideshow_front/public/sponsor_images/hpcwire_150x55_0.png?itok=vkxDBAEf" width="150" height="55" alt="" /></a></div> </div></div> </div> <div id="views_slideshow_cycle_div_sponsor_slideshow-block_1_1_8" class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row views_slideshow_cycle_slide views_slideshow_slide views-row-9 views_slideshow_cycle_hidden views-row-odd" > <div class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row-item views-row views-row-0 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-level"> <div class="field-content">Media Sponsor</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="http://www.admin-magazine.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_slideshow_front/public/sponsor_images/admin_150x60.png?itok=WhBbvI1a" width="150" height="60" alt="" /></a></div> </div></div> </div> <div id="views_slideshow_cycle_div_sponsor_slideshow-block_1_1_9" class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row views_slideshow_cycle_slide views_slideshow_slide views-row-10 views_slideshow_cycle_hidden views-row-even" > <div class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row-item views-row views-row-0 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-level"> <div class="field-content">Media Sponsor</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="http://www.infosecnews.org" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_slideshow_front/public/sponsor_images/infosecnews_150x38.png?itok=nX284xi8" width="150" height="38" alt="" /></a></div> </div></div> </div> <div id="views_slideshow_cycle_div_sponsor_slideshow-block_1_1_10" class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row views_slideshow_cycle_slide views_slideshow_slide views-row-11 views_slideshow_cycle_hidden views-row-odd" > <div class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row-item views-row views-row-0 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-level"> <div class="field-content">Media Sponsor</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="http://queue.acm.org" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_slideshow_front/public/sponsor_images/acmqueue_150x48_3.png?itok=7iBpCl4E" width="150" height="48" alt="" /></a></div> </div></div> </div> <div id="views_slideshow_cycle_div_sponsor_slideshow-block_1_1_11" class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row views_slideshow_cycle_slide views_slideshow_slide views-row-12 views_slideshow_cycle_hidden views-row-even" > <div class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row-item views-row views-row-0 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-level"> <div class="field-content">Media Sponsor</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="http://www.linuxpromagazine.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_slideshow_front/public/sponsor_images/linux_pro_150x60.png?itok=v7MdML3Y" width="150" height="60" alt="" /></a></div> </div></div> </div> <div id="views_slideshow_cycle_div_sponsor_slideshow-block_1_1_12" class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row views_slideshow_cycle_slide views_slideshow_slide views-row-13 views_slideshow_cycle_hidden views-row-odd" > <div class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row-item views-row views-row-0 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-level"> <div class="field-content">Media Sponsor</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="http://www.crcpress.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_slideshow_front/public/sponsor_images/crc_press_150x60.png?itok=FBreaCBa" width="150" height="60" alt="" /></a></div> </div></div> </div> <div id="views_slideshow_cycle_div_sponsor_slideshow-block_1_1_13" class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row views_slideshow_cycle_slide views_slideshow_slide views-row-14 views_slideshow_cycle_hidden views-row-even" > <div class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row-item views-row views-row-0 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-level"> <div class="field-content">Media Sponsor</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="http://www.nostarch.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_slideshow_front/public/sponsor_images/nostarch_600x240_0.png?itok=-tnLHd_x" width="200" height="80" alt="" /></a></div> </div></div> </div> <div id="views_slideshow_cycle_div_sponsor_slideshow-block_1_1_14" class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row views_slideshow_cycle_slide views_slideshow_slide views-row-15 views_slideshow_cycle_hidden views-row-odd" > <div class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row-item views-row views-row-0 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-level"> <div class="field-content">Media Sponsor</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="http://lxer.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_slideshow_front/public/sponsor_images/lxer_150x60.png?itok=PH6P86Eg" width="150" height="60" alt="" /></a></div> </div></div> </div> <div id="views_slideshow_cycle_div_sponsor_slideshow-block_1_1_15" class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row views_slideshow_cycle_slide views_slideshow_slide views-row-16 views_slideshow_cycle_hidden views-row-even" > <div class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row-item views-row views-row-0 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-level"> <div class="field-content">Media Sponsor</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="http://www.userfriendly.org" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_slideshow_front/public/sponsor_images/userfriendly_150x60.png?itok=Ffl_2fwm" width="150" height="60" alt="" /></a></div> </div></div> </div> <div id="views_slideshow_cycle_div_sponsor_slideshow-block_1_1_16" class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row views_slideshow_cycle_slide views_slideshow_slide views-row-17 views_slideshow_cycle_hidden views-row-odd" > <div class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row-item views-row views-row-0 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-level"> <div class="field-content">Media Sponsor</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="http://www.oreilly.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_slideshow_front/public/sponsor_images/oreilly_150x60.png?itok=MvSkK9cj" width="150" height="60" alt="" /></a></div> </div></div> </div> <div id="views_slideshow_cycle_div_sponsor_slideshow-block_1_1_17" class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row views_slideshow_cycle_slide views_slideshow_slide views-row-18 views_slideshow_cycle_hidden views-row-even" > <div class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row-item views-row views-row-0 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-level"> <div class="field-content">Media Sponsor</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="http://www.virusbulletin.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_slideshow_front/public/sponsor_images/virus_bulletin_150x60.png?itok=y4MHZfj0" width="150" height="60" alt="" /></a></div> </div></div> </div> <div id="views_slideshow_cycle_div_sponsor_slideshow-block_1_1_18" class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row views_slideshow_cycle_slide views_slideshow_slide views-row-19 views_slideshow_cycle_hidden views-row-last views-row-odd" > <div class="views-slideshow-cycle-main-frame-row-item views-row views-row-0 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-level"> <div class="field-content">Industry Partner</div> </div> <div class="views-field views-field-field-sponsor-image"> <div class="field-content"><a href="http://www.dmtf.org" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_slideshow_front/public/sponsor_images/dmtf_600x240.png?itok=0wfJDDDw" width="200" height="80" alt="" /></a></div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class='block block-block 111 clearfix' id="block-block-111"> <h2 class="block-title clearfix"> twitter </h2> <div class="block-content clearfix prose"><a class="twitter-timeline" data-height="500" href="https://twitter.com/USENIXSecurity">Tweets by USENIXSecurity</a> <script async src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>  </div> </div> <div class='block block-block srecon-sidebar 55 clearfix' id="block-block-55"> <h2 class="block-title clearfix"> usenix conference policies </h2> <div class="block-content clearfix prose"> <ul> <li><a href="/conferences/coc">Event Code of Conduct</a></li> <li><a href="/conferences/network-policy">Conference Network Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/conferences/environmental-responsibility">Statement on Environmental Responsibility Policy</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id='content' class= 'left-sidebar' >  <div id="breadcrumb-container"> <h2 class="element-invisible">You are here</h2><div class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a> » <strong>USENIX Security '14</strong></div> <div id="share-social-links">  <div class="gplusone-container"> <div class="g-plusone" data-size="medium" data-align="right"></div>  <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })(); </script> </div>  <a href="https://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-align="right">Tweet</a> <script>!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs");</script>  <div id="fb-root"></div> <script>(function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); </script> <div class="fb-share-button" data-send="false" data-layout="button_count" data-width="90" data-show-faces="false"></div>  </div> </div> <div class='below-breadcrumb clearfix'></div> <div id="social-link-icons"> <h4 class="block-title clearfix">connect with us</h4> <div class="view view-conference-node-element-blocks view-id-conference_node_element_blocks view-display-id-block_2 view-dom-id-b45a27c78643c0e8dfa6cbe36da521f8"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="miniad odd"> <div> <a href="http://twitter.com/usenixsecurity">http://twitter.com/usenixsecurity</a> </div> </div> <div class="miniad even"> <div> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/usenixassociation">https://www.facebook.com/usenixassociation</a> </div> </div> <div class="miniad odd"> <div> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups/USENIX-Association-49559/about">http://www.linkedin.com/groups/USENIX-Association-49559/about</a> </div> </div> <div class="miniad even"> <div> <a href="https://plus.google.com/108588319090208187909/posts">https://plus.google.com/108588319090208187909/posts</a> </div> </div> <div class="miniad odd"> <div> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/USENIXAssociation">http://www.youtube.com/user/USENIXAssociation</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class='page-title '> Overview </h1> <div id='tabs'> <div class='page-tabs limiter clearfix'> </div> </div> <div class='content-wrapper clearfix'> <div class="region region-content"> <div class='block-system main block-page-content clearfix' id="block-system-main"> <div class="block-content clearfix"> <div id="node-166498" class="node node-conference clearfix" id="node-166498"> <div class="content" class="node-content clearfix prose"> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden prose"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item odd"><p><a href="/conference/usenixsecurity14/media-coverage"><img style="float: right;" src="/sites/default/files/conference-files/sec14_media.png" alt="" width="200" height="125" /></a>Thanks to those of you who joined us in San Diego for USENIX Security '14! As part of our commitment to open access to research, we've already made the proceedings, slides, and recordings free and open to the public. Check them out at the symposium's technical sessions <strong><a href="/conference/usenixsecurity14/technical-sessions">Web page</a></strong>. The <a href="/publications/login/dec14/sec14reports">conference reports</a> from <em>;login:</em> are now online.</p> <p>Buy the <strong><a href="/conference/usenixsecurity14/purchase-video-box-set">USENIX Security ’14 Box Set</a></strong>.</p> <h2>Symposium Organizers</h2></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-conference-organizers field-type-viewfield field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item odd"><div class="view view-conference-organizers view-id-conference_organizers view-display-id-default view-dom-id-64bbd3f060777c354e50b120e65abd77"> <div class="view-content"> <h3>Program Chair</h3> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Kevin Fu, <em>University of Michigan</em></div> </div> </div> <h3>Deputy Program Chair</h3> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Jaeyeon Jung, <em>Microsoft Research</em></div> </div> </div> <h3>Program Committee</h3> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Bill Aiello, <em>University of British Columbia</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Steven Bellovin, <em>Columbia University</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Emery Berger, <em>University of Massachusetts Amherst</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Dan Boneh, <em>Stanford University</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Nikita Borisov, <em>University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-6 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">David Brumley, <em>Carnegie Mellon University</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-7 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Kevin Butler, <em>University of Oregon</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-8 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Srdjan Capkun, <em>ETH Zürich</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-9 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Nicolas Christin, <em>Carnegie Mellon University</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-10 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">George Danezis, <em>University College London</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-11 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Srini Devadas, <em>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-12 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Roger Dingledine, <em>The Tor Project</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-13 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">David Evans, <em>University of Virginia</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-14 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Nick Feamster, <em>Georgia Institute of Technology</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-15 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Adrienne Porter Felt, <em>Google</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-16 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Simson Garfinkel, <em>Naval Postgraduate School</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-17 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Virgil Gligor, <em>Carnegie Mellon University</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-18 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Rachel Greenstadt, <em>Drexel University</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-19 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Steve Gribble, <em>University of Washington and Google</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-20 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Carl Gunter, <em>University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-21 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Alex Halderman, <em>University of Michigan</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-22 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Nadia Heninger, <em>University of Pennsylvania</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-23 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Thorsten Holz, <em>Ruhr-University Bochum</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-24 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Jean-Pierre Hubaux, <em>École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-25 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Cynthia Irvine, <em>Naval Postgraduate School</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-26 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Jaeyeon Jung, <em>Microsoft Research</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-27 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Chris Kanich, <em>University of Illinois at Chicago</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-28 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Engin Kirda, <em>Northeastern University</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-29 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Tadayoshi Kohno, <em>Microsoft Research and University of Washington</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-30 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Farinaz Koushanfar, <em>Rice University</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-31 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Zhenkai Liang, <em>National University of Singapore</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-32 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">David Lie, <em>University of Toronto</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-33 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Stephen McCamant, <em>University of Minnesota</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-34 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Damon McCoy, <em>George Mason University</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-35 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Patrick McDaniel, <em>Pennsylvania State University</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-36 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Cristina Nita-Rotaru, <em>Purdue University</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-37 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Zachary N. J. Peterson, <em>California Polytechnic State University</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-38 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Raj Rajagopalan, <em>Honeywell Labs</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-39 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Ben Ransford, <em>University of Washington</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-40 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Thomas Ristenpart, <em>University of Wisconsin—Madison</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-41 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Prateek Saxena, <em>National University of Singapore</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-42 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Patrick Schaumont, <em>Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-43 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Stuart Schechter, <em>Microsoft Research</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-44 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Simha Sethumadhavan, <em>Columbia University</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-45 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Cynthia Sturton, <em>University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-46 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Wade Trappe, <em>Rutgers University</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-47 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Eugene Y. Vasserman, <em>Kansas State University</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-48 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Ingrid Verbauwhede, <em>Katholieke Universiteit Leuven</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-49 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Giovanni Vigna, <em>University of California, Santa Barbara</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-50 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">David Wagner, <em>University of California, Berkeley</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-51 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Dan Wallach, <em>Rice University</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-52 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Rui Wang, <em>Microsoft Research</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-53 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Matthew Wright, <em>University of Texas at Arlington</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-54 views-row-even views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Wenyuan Xu, <em>University of South Carolina</em></div> </div> </div> <h3>Invited Talks Committee</h3> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Sandy Clark, <em>University of Pennsylvania</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Matthew Green, <em>Johns Hopkins University</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Thorsten Holz, <em>Ruhr-University Bochum </em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Ben Laurie, <em>Google</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Damon McCoy, <em>George Mason University</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-6 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Jon Oberheide, <em>Duo Security</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-7 views-row-odd views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Patrick Traynor (Chair), <em>University of Florida</em></div> </div> </div> <h3>Poster Session Coordinator</h3> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Franziska Roesner, <em>University of Washington</em></div> </div> </div> <h3>Steering Committee</h3> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Matt Blaze, <em>University of Pennsylvania</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Dan Boneh, <em>Stanford University</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Casey Henderson, <em>USENIX Association</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Tadayoshi Kohno, <em>University of Washington</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Fabian Monrose, <em>University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-6 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Niels Provos, <em>Google</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-7 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">David Wagner, <em>University of California, Berkeley</em></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-8 views-row-even views-row-last"> <div class="views-field views-field-field-speakers-institution"> <div class="field-content">Dan Wallach, <em>Rice University</em></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-outer"><div id='footer' class='limiter clearfix'> <div id='pre-footer'> <div id='pre-footer-inner'> <div class="region region-pre-footer"> <div class='block block-views sponsors-conference-block-1 clearfix' id="block-views-sponsors-conference-block-1"> <h2 class="block-title clearfix"> Gold Sponsors </h2> <div class="block-content clearfix"><div class="view view-sponsors-conference view-id-sponsors_conference view-display-id-block_1 view-dom-id-6f52e29a2ec3b858d02f11670c9cf183"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <a href="http://www.facebook.com" target="_blank"></a> <a href="http://www.facebook.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_interest_color/public/sponsor_images/facebook_150x50_0.png?itok=bQqEYqNT" width="115" height="38" alt="" /></a> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <a href="http://www.google.com" target="_blank"></a> <a href="http://www.google.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_interest_color/public/sponsor_images/google_logo_300x110.png?itok=E_TYoVRH" width="115" height="42" alt="" /></a> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd views-row-last"> <a href="http://www.nsf.gov" target="_blank"></a> <a href="http://www.nsf.gov" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_interest_color/public/sponsor_images/nsf_150x60_v2.png?itok=b9rji-IA" width="115" height="46" alt="" /></a> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class='block block-views sponsors-conference-block-4 clearfix' id="block-views-sponsors-conference-block-4"> <h2 class="block-title clearfix"> Silver Sponsors </h2> <div class="block-content clearfix"><div class="view view-sponsors-conference view-id-sponsors_conference view-display-id-block_4 view-dom-id-6fcd5aa5b5c88b9fa61dd6cc1ef16629"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <a href="http://www.microsoft.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_interest_color/public/sponsor_images/microsoft_research_150x42_2.png?itok=kRgTkj9u" width="115" height="32" alt="" /></a> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class='block block-views sponsors-conference-block-5 clearfix' id="block-views-sponsors-conference-block-5"> <h2 class="block-title clearfix"> Bronze Sponsors </h2> <div class="block-content clearfix"><div class="view view-sponsors-conference view-id-sponsors_conference view-display-id-block_5 view-dom-id-29ee5cded89bf2f1a469693d151591d9"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <a href="http://www.cryptography.com/" target="_blank"></a> <a href="http://www.cryptography.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_interest_color/public/sponsor_images/cryptography_research_150x46.png?itok=-h4p_W39" width="115" height="35" alt="" /></a> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <a href="http://www.research.ibm.com" target="_blank"></a> <a href="http://www.research.ibm.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_interest_color/public/sponsor_images/ibm_research_150x60.png?itok=ejeRloDp" width="115" height="46" alt="" /></a> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd views-row-last"> <a href="http://www.qualcomm.com" target="_blank"></a> <a href="http://www.qualcomm.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_interest_color/public/sponsor_images/qualcomm_150x22.png?itok=nxCiXwWo" width="115" height="25" alt="" /></a> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class='block block-views sponsors-conference-block-6 clearfix' id="block-views-sponsors-conference-block-6"> <h2 class="block-title clearfix"> Media Sponsors & Industry Partners </h2> <div class="block-content clearfix"><div class="view view-sponsors-conference view-id-sponsors_conference view-display-id-block_6 view-dom-id-b46fee0c095a70005d72325ed036b7fa"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <a href="http://queue.acm.org"></a> <a href="http://queue.acm.org" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_front_color/public/sponsor_images/acmqueue_150x48_3.png?itok=_wfwwCzt" width="90" height="29" alt="" /></a> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <a href="http://www.admin-magazine.com"></a> <a href="http://www.admin-magazine.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_front_color/public/sponsor_images/admin_150x60.png?itok=bvp8Ir-8" width="90" height="36" alt="" /></a> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <a href="http://www.crcpress.com/"></a> <a href="http://www.crcpress.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_front_color/public/sponsor_images/crc_press_150x60.png?itok=XyulDjlT" width="90" height="36" alt="" /></a> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <a href="http://www.dmtf.org"></a> <a href="http://www.dmtf.org" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_front_color/public/sponsor_images/dmtf_600x240.png?itok=t9FgkGRQ" width="90" height="36" alt="" /></a> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd"> <a href="http://tci.taborcommunications.com/HPCwireLogo_Usenix"></a> <a href="http://tci.taborcommunications.com/HPCwireLogo_Usenix" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_front_color/public/sponsor_images/hpcwire_150x55_0.png?itok=W-D-ks8-" width="90" height="33" alt="" /></a> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-6 views-row-even"> <a href="http://www.infosecnews.org"></a> <a href="http://www.infosecnews.org" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_front_color/public/sponsor_images/infosecnews_150x38.png?itok=FGIIFyIA" width="90" height="23" alt="" /></a> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-7 views-row-odd"> <a href="http://www.linuxpromagazine.com"></a> <a href="http://www.linuxpromagazine.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_front_color/public/sponsor_images/linux_pro_150x60.png?itok=oRf98chq" width="90" height="36" alt="" /></a> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-8 views-row-even"> <a href="http://lxer.com"></a> <a href="http://lxer.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_front_color/public/sponsor_images/lxer_150x60.png?itok=onl944_H" width="90" height="36" alt="" /></a> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-9 views-row-odd"> <a href="http://www.nostarch.com"></a> <a href="http://www.nostarch.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_front_color/public/sponsor_images/nostarch_600x240_0.png?itok=OA6SKmZa" width="90" height="36" alt="" /></a> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-10 views-row-even"> <a href="http://www.oreilly.com"></a> <a href="http://www.oreilly.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_front_color/public/sponsor_images/oreilly_150x60.png?itok=B4fmKGyn" width="90" height="36" alt="" /></a> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-11 views-row-odd"> <a href="http://www.userfriendly.org"></a> <a href="http://www.userfriendly.org" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_front_color/public/sponsor_images/userfriendly_150x60.png?itok=0aTzbSq8" width="90" height="36" alt="" /></a> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-12 views-row-even views-row-last"> <a href="http://www.virusbulletin.com"></a> <a href="http://www.virusbulletin.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/styles/sponsor_front_color/public/sponsor_images/virus_bulletin_150x60.png?itok=ItVoQQER" width="90" height="36" alt="" /></a> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id='footer-region'> <div class="region region-footer"> <div class='block block-block 27 clearfix' id="block-block-27"> <div class="block-content clearfix prose"><div style="padding-top: .25em;"> <p style="color: inherit;">© USENIX <script>new Date().getFullYear()>document.write(new Date().getFullYear());</script></p> </div></div> </div> <div class='block block-menu menu-footer clearfix' id="block-menu-menu-footer"> <div class="block-content clearfix"><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/contact">Contact Us</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"d823139095","applicationID":"509444","transactionName":"YVJVZksCXkEEVhIMWFgYYkBQTBodDFsCAE8YR19C","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":467,"atts":"TRVWEAMYTU8=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>