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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Rex Nemorensis</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rex_nemorensis" title="Rex nemorensis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rex nemorensis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rex_nemorensis" title="Rex nemorensis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rex nemorensis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re_di_Nemi" title="Re di Nemi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Re di Nemi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rex_Nemorensis" title="Rex Nemorensis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rex Nemorensis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rex_Nemorensis" title="Rex Nemorensis – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rex Nemorensis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rex_Nemorensis" title="Rex Nemorensis – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rex Nemorensis" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rei_dos_Bosques" title="Rei dos Bosques – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rei dos Bosques" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rex_Nemorensis" title="Rex Nemorensis – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rex Nemorensis" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rex_Nemorensis" title="Rex Nemorensis – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rex Nemorensis" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> 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typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Nemi_1831.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Lake_Nemi_1831.jpg/300px-Lake_Nemi_1831.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Lake_Nemi_1831.jpg/450px-Lake_Nemi_1831.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Lake_Nemi_1831.jpg/600px-Lake_Nemi_1831.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="546" /></a><figcaption>Ruins by the shores of Lake Nemi, in an 1831 engraving</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:16.0em;background:ivory; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; width:190px; text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#b23938"><span style="color:white">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Roman_religious_titles" title="Category:Ancient Roman religious titles"> <span style="color:White;">a series</span></a> on the</span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#b23938"><span style="color:white">Priesthoods<br />of ancient Rome</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_a_flamen,_Louvre_museum,_Paris,_Ma431.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Portrait_of_a_flamen%2C_Louvre_museum%2C_Paris%2C_Ma431.jpg/169px-Portrait_of_a_flamen%2C_Louvre_museum%2C_Paris%2C_Ma431.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Portrait_of_a_flamen%2C_Louvre_museum%2C_Paris%2C_Ma431.jpg/254px-Portrait_of_a_flamen%2C_Louvre_museum%2C_Paris%2C_Ma431.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Portrait_of_a_flamen%2C_Louvre_museum%2C_Paris%2C_Ma431.jpg/338px-Portrait_of_a_flamen%2C_Louvre_museum%2C_Paris%2C_Ma431.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="1784" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flamen" title="Flamen">Flamen</a> <i>(AD 250–260)</i></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#b23938;background:#F0ACAC"> Major <a href="/wiki/Collegium_(ancient_Rome)" title="Collegium (ancient Rome)">colleges</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Pontiffs" title="College of Pontiffs">Pontifices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augur" title="Augur">Augures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestal_Virgin" title="Vestal Virgin">Vestales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamen" title="Flamen">Flamines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epulones" title="Epulones">Septemviri epulonum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quindecimviri_sacris_faciundis" title="Quindecimviri sacris faciundis">Quindecimviri sacris faciundis</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#b23938;background:#F0ACAC"> Other colleges or <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_ancient_Roman_religion#sodalitas" title="Glossary of ancient Roman religion">sodalities</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fetial" title="Fetial">Fetiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arval_Brethren" title="Arval Brethren">Fratres Arvales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salii" title="Salii">Salii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titii" title="Titii">Titii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_ancient_Roman_religion#Luperci" title="Glossary of ancient Roman religion">Luperci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodales_Augustales" title="Sodales Augustales">Sodales Augustales</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#b23938;background:#F0ACAC"> Priests</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifex_maximus" title="Pontifex maximus">Pontifex maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Sacrorum" title="Rex Sacrorum">Rex Sacrorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamen_Dialis" title="Flamen Dialis">Flamen Dialis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamen_Martialis" title="Flamen Martialis">Flamen Martialis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamen_Quirinalis" title="Flamen Quirinalis">Flamen Quirinalis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rex Nemorensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curio_maximus" title="Curio maximus">Curio maximus</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#b23938;background:#F0ACAC"> Priestesses</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vestal_Virgin#Vestalis_Maxima" title="Vestal Virgin">Virgo Vestalis Maxima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamen_Dialis#Flaminica_dialis" title="Flamen Dialis">Flaminica Dialis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regina_sacrorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Regina sacrorum">Regina sacrorum</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#b23938;background:#F0ACAC"> Related topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Religion in ancient Rome</a> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_cult_(ancient_Rome)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial cult (ancient Rome)">Imperial cult</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_religion" title="Gallo-Roman religion">Gallo-Roman religion</a> <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_ancient_Roman_religion" title="Glossary of ancient Roman religion">Glossary of ancient Roman religion</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Priesthoods_of_ancient_Rome" title="Template:Priesthoods of ancient Rome"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Priesthoods_of_ancient_Rome" title="Template talk:Priesthoods of ancient Rome"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Priesthoods_of_ancient_Rome" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Priesthoods of ancient Rome"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> The <i><b>rex Nemorensis</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, "king of Nemi") was a <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_ancient_Roman_religion#sacerdos" title="Glossary of ancient Roman religion">priest</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Diana_(goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diana (goddess)">goddess Diana</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ariccia" title="Ariccia">Aricia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, by the shores of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Nemi" title="Lake Nemi">Lake Nemi</a>, where she was known as <a href="/wiki/Diana_Nemorensis" title="Diana Nemorensis">Diana Nemorensis</a>. </p><p>The priest was king of the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_grove" title="Sacred grove">sacred grove</a> by the lake. No one was to break off any branch of a certain sacred oak, except that if a runaway slave did so, he could engage the Rex Nemorensis in mortal combat. If the slave prevailed, he became the next king for as long as he could, in turn, defeat challengers.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The priesthood played a major role in the <a href="/wiki/Mythography" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythography">mythography</a> of <a href="/wiki/James_George_Frazer" title="James George Frazer">James George Frazer</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Bough" title="The Golden Bough">The Golden Bough</a></i>; his interpretation has exerted a lasting influence. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancient_sources">Ancient sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Nemorensis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ancient sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tale of the <i>rex Nemorensis</i> appears in a number of ancient sources. <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> gives a poetic account of the priesthood of Nemi<sup id="cite_ref-Ovid-Fasti_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ovid-Fasti-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> noting that the lake of Nemi was "sacred to antique religion"; its priest "holds his reign by strong hands and fleet feet, and dies according to the example he set himself."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Latin name of the priesthood is given by <a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>: "He [<a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>] caused the <i>rex Nemorensis</i>, who had held his priesthood for many years, to be supplanted by a stronger adversary."<sup id="cite_ref-Suetonius-Caligula_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suetonius-Caligula-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same passage indicates that by the time of the early <a href="/wiki/Principate" title="Principate">Principate</a>, the custom of succession in the office by combat had become subject to outside control. </p><p>The Greek geographer <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> also mentions the institution: "and in fact a barbaric, and <a href="/wiki/Scythia" title="Scythia">Scythian</a>, element predominates in the sacred usages, for the people set up as priest merely a run-away slave who has slain with his own hand the man previously consecrated to that office; accordingly the priest is always armed with a sword, looking around for the attacks, and ready to defend himself."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diana_Nemorensis_denarius2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Diana_Nemorensis_denarius2.jpg/220px-Diana_Nemorensis_denarius2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Diana_Nemorensis_denarius2.jpg/330px-Diana_Nemorensis_denarius2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Diana_Nemorensis_denarius2.jpg/440px-Diana_Nemorensis_denarius2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="349" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Denarius" title="Denarius">Denarius</a> depicting Diana Nemorensis, who was conceived as a triple goddess <i>(diva triformis)</i><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a> gives an <a href="/wiki/Etiology" title="Etiology">etiological</a> <a href="/wiki/Founding_myth" class="mw-redirect" title="Founding myth">myth on the founding</a> of the shrine: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Aricians tell a tale ... that when <a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippolytus (mythology)">Hippolytus</a> (the son of <a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a>) was killed, owing to the curses of Theseus, <a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a> raised him from the dead. On coming to life again he refused to forgive his father; rejecting his prayers, he went to the Aricians in Italy. There he became king and devoted a precinct to <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a>, where down to my time the prize for the victor in single combat was the priesthood of the goddess. The contest was open to no freeman, but only to <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_ancient_Rome" title="Slavery in ancient Rome">slaves</a> who had run away from their masters."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Roman_mythology" title="Roman mythology">Roman mythology</a>, Hippolytus was deified as the god <a href="/wiki/Virbius" class="mw-redirect" title="Virbius">Virbius</a>; <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Interpretatio_graeca" title="Interpretatio graeca">Greek name of the goddess identified with the Roman</a> <a href="/wiki/Diana_(mythology)" title="Diana (mythology)">Diana</a>. A possible allusion to the origins of the priesthood at Nemi is contained in <a href="/wiki/Vergil" class="mw-redirect" title="Vergil">Vergil</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i>, as Virgil places Hippolytus at the grove of Aricia.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An alternative story has the worship of Diana at Nemi instituted by <a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a>; the flight of the slave represents the flight of Orestes into exile.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ritual_murder">Ritual murder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Nemorensis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ritual murder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Surviving lore concerning the <i>rex Nemorensis</i> indicates that this priest or king held a very uneasy position. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Babington_Macaulay,_1st_Baron_Macaulay" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay">Macaulay</a>'s quatrain on the institution of the <i>rex Nemorensis</i> states: </p> <dl><dd>Those trees in whose dim shadow<br />The ghastly priest doth reign<br />The priest who slew the slayer,<br />And shall himself be slain.</dd></dl> <p>This is, in a nutshell, the surviving legend of the <i>rex Nemorensis</i>: the priesthood of Diana at Nemi was held by a person who obtained that honour by slaying the prior incumbent in a <a href="/wiki/Trial_by_combat" title="Trial by combat">trial by combat</a>, and who could remain at the post only so long as he successfully defended his position against all challengers. However, a successful candidate had first to test his mettle by plucking a golden bough from one of the trees in the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_grove" title="Sacred grove">sacred grove</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice" title="Human sacrifice">human sacrifice</a> conducted at Nemi was thought to be highly unusual by the ancients. Suetonius mentions it as an example of the moral failings of <a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>. Strabo calls it <i><a href="/wiki/Scythia" title="Scythia">Scythian</a></i>, implying that he found it <a href="/wiki/Barbarian" title="Barbarian">barbaric</a>. The violent character of this singular institution could barely be justified by reference to its great antiquity and mythological sanctity. The ancient sources also appear to concur that an escaped slave who seeks refuge in this uneasy office is likely to be a desperate man.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Golden_Bough"><i>The Golden Bough</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Nemorensis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Golden Bough"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bardo_Diane_chasseresse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bardo_Diane_chasseresse.jpg/220px-Bardo_Diane_chasseresse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bardo_Diane_chasseresse.jpg/330px-Bardo_Diane_chasseresse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bardo_Diane_chasseresse.jpg/440px-Bardo_Diane_chasseresse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2070" data-file-height="2007" /></a><figcaption>Diana in hunting boots, from a 2nd-century Roman <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/James_George_Frazer" title="James George Frazer">James George Frazer</a>, in his seminal work <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Bough" title="The Golden Bough">The Golden Bough</a></i>, argued that the tale of the priesthood of Nemi was an instance of a worldwide myth of a <a href="/wiki/Sacred_king" title="Sacred king">sacred king</a> who must periodically die as part of a regular <a href="/wiki/Fertility_rite" title="Fertility rite">fertility rite</a>. </p><p>In 1990, a radio programme entitled "The Priest of Nemi" was produced by Michael Bakewell and broadcast on BBC Radio 3. This programme was based on the 1990 book <i>The Making of the Golden Bough</i> by Robert Fraser, which was written to mark the centenary of the first edition of Frazer's book. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_references">External references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Nemorensis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The novel <i>Nemorensis</i>, by Simon Spurrier (set in the universe of the <a href="/wiki/Elite:_Dangerous" class="mw-redirect" title="Elite: Dangerous">Elite: Dangerous</a> <a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_role-playing_game" title="Massively multiplayer online role-playing game">MMORPG</a>), is based on the legend. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Nemorensis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> (5.3.12)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a> (2,27.24)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Maurus_Servius_Honoratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurus Servius Honoratus">Servius</a>' commentary on the <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i> (6.136)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ovid-Fasti-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ovid-Fasti_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ovid-Fasti_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Publius Ovidius Naso</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fasti_(Ovid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fasti (Ovid)">Fasti</a></i>, Book 3, 271 (on the <a href="/wiki/Roman_calendar" title="Roman calendar">month of March</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Regna tenent fortes manibus pedibusque fugaces, / et perit exemplo postmodo quisque suo.</i><sup id="cite_ref-Ovid-Fasti_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ovid-Fasti-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suetonius-Caligula-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Suetonius-Caligula_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Suetonius-Caligula_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus</a>, <i>Life of Caligula</i>, 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nemorensi regi, quod multos iam annos poteretur sacerdotio, validiorem adversarium subornavit</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Suetonius-Caligula_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suetonius-Caligula-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Geographia" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographia">Geographia</a></i>, V, 3, 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Quintus Horatius Flaccus</a>, <i>Carmen</i> 3.22.4, where he identifies the <i>diva triformis</i> as <a href="/wiki/Luna_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luna (mythology)">Luna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diana_(mythology)" title="Diana (mythology)">Diana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Description_of_Greece" title="Description of Greece">Description of Greece</a></i> II, 27, 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Vergil" class="mw-redirect" title="Vergil">Publius Vergilius Maro</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i>, book VII, 761 ff</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Maurus_Servius_Honoratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurus Servius Honoratus">Maurus Servius Honoratus</a>, <i>Commentary on the Aeneid</i>, 2.116 & 6.136</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fontenrose J, <i>The Ritual Theory of Myth</i>, University of California Press, 1971, p. 38.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Nemorensis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Fraser, Robert. <i>The Making of the Golden Bough: The Origins and Growth of An Argument</i> Macmillan, 1990. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-49631-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-49631-0">0-333-49631-0</a></li> <li>Frazer, Sir James G. <i>The Golden Bough</i> Macmillan, 1950, abridged edition.</li> <li>Hornblower, Simon, et al. (eds.) <i>The Oxford Classical Dictionary</i> (3d edition. 2003) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-860641-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-860641-9">0-19-860641-9</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Nemorensis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nemitonottingham.wordpress.com">Blog of exhibition of Nemi material at Nottingham museum 2013</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.speculum-dianae.nottingham.ac.uk">Nemi at Nottingham project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apaclassics.org/AnnualMeeting/01mtg/abstracts/dyson.html"><i>The Oleaster at the End of the Æneid</i></a> by Julia Dyson</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/847"><i>Lays of Ancient Rome by Baron Thomas Babington Macaulay Macaulay</i></a> from Project Gutenberg</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Roman_religion_and_mythology251" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #F0ACAC;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_religion" title="Template:Roman religion"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roman_religion" title="Template talk:Roman religion"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_religion" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman religion"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Roman_religion_and_mythology251" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Ancient Roman religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_mythology" title="Roman mythology">mythology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F0ACAC;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_deities" title="List of Roman deities">Deities</a><br />(<i><a href="/wiki/Dii_Consentes" title="Dii Consentes">Dii Consentes</a></i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agenoria_(mythology)" title="Agenoria (mythology)">Agenoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angerona" title="Angerona">Angerona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Perenna" title="Anna Perenna">Anna Perenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_(mythology)" title="Aurora (mythology)">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellona_(goddess)" title="Bellona (goddess)">Bellona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bona_Dea" title="Bona Dea">Bona Dea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmenta" title="Carmenta">Carmenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castor_and_Pollux" title="Castor and Pollux">Castor and Pollux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(mythology)" title="Ceres (mythology)">Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloacina" title="Cloacina">Cloacina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupid" title="Cupid">Cupid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dea_Dia" title="Dea Dia">Dea Dia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_(mythology)" title="Diana (mythology)">Diana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dies_(deity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dies (deity)">Dies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%ABs_Pater" class="mw-redirect" title="Dīs Pater">Dīs Pater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egeria_(mythology)" title="Egeria (mythology)">Egeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_(deity)" title="Fauna (deity)">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faunus" title="Faunus">Faunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_(deity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora (deity)">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genius_(mythology)" title="Genius (mythology)">Genius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_in_ancient_Rome" title="Hercules in ancient Rome">Hercules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janus" title="Janus">Janus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_(mythology)" title="Juno (mythology)">Juno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (mythology)">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lares" title="Lares">Lares</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lares_Familiares" title="Lares Familiares">Lares Familiares</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liber" title="Liber">Liber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertas" title="Libertas">Libertas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_(goddess)" title="Luna (goddess)">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_(mythology)" title="Mars (mythology)">Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(mythology)" title="Mercury (mythology)">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minerva" title="Minerva">Minerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptune_(mythology)" title="Neptune (mythology)">Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nox_(goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nox (goddess)">Nox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ops" title="Ops">Ops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orcus" title="Orcus">Orcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di_Penates" title="Di Penates">Penates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)" title="Pluto (mythology)">Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomona_(mythology)" title="Pomona (mythology)">Pomona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priapus" title="Priapus">Priapus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proserpina" title="Proserpina">Proserpina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirinus" title="Quirinus">Quirinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salacia" title="Salacia">Salacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_(mythology)" title="Saturn (mythology)">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvanus_(mythology)" title="Silvanus (mythology)">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_(Roman_mythology)" title="Sol (Roman mythology)">Sol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summanus" title="Summanus">Summanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_(mythology)" title="Venus (mythology)">Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veritas" title="Veritas">Veritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesta_(mythology)" title="Vesta (mythology)">Vesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertumnus" title="Vertumnus">Vertumnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(mythology)" title="Vulcan (mythology)">Vulcan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #F0ACAC;">Abstract deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abundantia" title="Abundantia">Abundantia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aequitas" title="Aequitas">Aequitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeternitas" title="Aeternitas">Aeternitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africa_(goddess)" title="Africa (goddess)">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annona_(mythology)" title="Annona (mythology)">Annona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averruncus" title="Averruncus">Averruncus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caelus" title="Caelus">Caelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_(mythology)" title="Concordia (mythology)">Concordia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feronia_(mythology)" title="Feronia (mythology)">Feronia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fides_(deity)" title="Fides (deity)">Fides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortuna" title="Fortuna">Fortuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontus" title="Fontus">Fontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laverna" title="Laverna">Laverna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_(goddess)" title="Pax (goddess)">Pax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietas" title="Pietas">Pietas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roma_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roma (mythology)">Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salus" title="Salus">Salus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securitas" title="Securitas">Securitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spes" title="Spes">Spes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tranquillitas" title="Tranquillitas">Tranquillitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_(mythology)" title="Terra (mythology)">Terra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(mythology)" title="Victoria (mythology)">Victoria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lupa_Capitolina,_Rome.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Lupa_Capitolina%2C_Rome.jpg/100px-Lupa_Capitolina%2C_Rome.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Lupa_Capitolina%2C_Rome.jpg/150px-Lupa_Capitolina%2C_Rome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Lupa_Capitolina%2C_Rome.jpg/200px-Lupa_Capitolina%2C_Rome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7489" data-file-height="4876" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F0ACAC;;width:1%">Legendary figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_Silvia" title="Rhea Silvia">Rhea Silvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romulus_and_Remus" title="Romulus and Remus">Romulus and Remus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numa_Pompilius" title="Numa Pompilius">Numa Pompilius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullus_Hostilius" title="Tullus Hostilius">Tullus Hostilius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servius_Tullius" title="Servius Tullius">Servius Tullius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancus_Marcius" title="Ancus Marcius">Ancus Marcius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Tarquinius_Priscus" title="Lucius Tarquinius Priscus">Lucius Tarquinius Priscus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Tarquinius_Superbus" title="Lucius Tarquinius Superbus">Lucius Tarquinius Superbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Alba_Longa" title="Kings of Alba Longa">Kings of Alba Longa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hersilia" title="Hersilia">Hersilia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F0ACAC;;width:1%">Legendary beings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/She-wolf_(Roman_mythology)" title="She-wolf (Roman mythology)">She-wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnacle_goose_myth" title="Barnacle goose myth">Barnacle goose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F0ACAC;;width:1%">Texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fasti_(poem)" title="Fasti (poem)">Fasti</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propertius" title="Propertius">Propertius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Terentius_Varro" title="Marcus Terentius Varro">Varro</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiquitates_rerum_humanarum_et_divinarum" title="Antiquitates rerum humanarum et divinarum">Res divinae</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibylline_Books" title="Sibylline Books">Sibylline Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apuleius" title="Apuleius">Apuleius</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Ass" title="The Golden Ass">The Golden Ass</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F0ACAC;;width:1%">Concepts<br />and practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_festivals" title="Roman festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interpretatio_graeca" title="Interpretatio graeca">Interpretatio graeca</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_imperial_cult" title="Roman imperial cult">Imperial cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Charity" title="Roman Charity">Charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladium_(classical_antiquity)" title="Palladium (classical antiquity)">Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_theology_of_victory" title="Roman theology of victory">Theology of victory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerium" title="Pomerium">Pomerium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_temple" title="Roman temple">Temples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitolium" title="Capitolium">Capitolium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cella" title="Cella">Cella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Celtic_temple" title="Romano-Celtic temple">Celtic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F0ACAC;;width:1%">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cynicism_(philosophy)" title="Cynicism (philosophy)">Cynicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicureanism" title="Epicureanism">Epicureanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peripatetic_school" title="Peripatetic school">Peripateticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoreanism" title="Pythagoreanism">Pythagoreanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">Stoicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F0ACAC;;width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Bough_(mythology)" title="Golden Bough (mythology)">Golden Bough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_of_Rome" title="Founding of Rome">Founding of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_of_the_Sabine_Women" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape of the Sabine Women">Rape of the Sabine Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lacus_Curtius" title="Battle of Lacus Curtius">Battle of Lacus Curtius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F0ACAC;;width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gubernaculum_(classical)" title="Gubernaculum (classical)">Gubernaculum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parabiago_Plate" title="Parabiago Plate">Parabiago Plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pignora_imperii" title="Pignora imperii">Pignora imperii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F0ACAC;;width:1%">Variations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_religion" title="Gallo-Roman religion">Gallo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries" title="Greco-Roman mysteries">Mysteries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cybele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis" title="Mysteries of Isis">Isis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithraism" title="Mithraism">Mithraism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F0ACAC;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> 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