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<span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Editors-in-chief" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editors-in-chief"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Editors-in-chief</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Editors-in-chief-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Photography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Photography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Photography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Photography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Photography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Map_supplements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Map_supplements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Map supplements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Map_supplements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language_editions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_editions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Language editions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Language_editions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Language editions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Language_editions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Active" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Active"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Active</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Active-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discontinued" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discontinued"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Discontinued</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discontinued-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_National_Geographic_milestones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_National_Geographic_milestones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>List of National Geographic milestones</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_National_Geographic_milestones-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of National Geographic milestones subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_National_Geographic_milestones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Writing_and_photography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing_and_photography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Writing and photography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing_and_photography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cartography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cartography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Cartography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cartography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sponsored_expeditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sponsored_expeditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Sponsored expeditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sponsored_expeditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social/other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social/other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Social/other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social/other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>National Geographic</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A9)" title="ناشونال جيوغرافيك (مجلة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ناشونال جيوغرافيك (مجلة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kok-ka_t%C4%93-l%C3%AD_(cha%CC%8Dp-ch%C3%AC)" title="Kok-ka tē-lí (cha̍p-chì) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kok-ka tē-lí (cha̍p-chì)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%8A%D0%BB_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Нешънъл Джиографик – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нешънъл Джиографик" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_(kelaouenn)" title="National Geographic (kelaouenn) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="National Geographic (kelaouenn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_(revista)" title="National Geographic (revista) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="National Geographic (revista)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Magazine" title="National Geographic Magazine – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="National Geographic Magazine" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="National Geographic" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="National Geographic" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="National Geographic" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="National Geographic" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_(%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C)" title="National Geographic (περιοδικό) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="National Geographic (περιοδικό)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_(revista)" title="National Geographic (revista) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="National Geographic (revista)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="National Geographic" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_(aldizkaria)" title="National Geographic (aldizkaria) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="National Geographic (aldizkaria)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="نشنال جیوگرافیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نشنال جیوگرافیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="National Geographic" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_(revista)" title="National Geographic (revista) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="National Geographic (revista)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%B4%EC%85%94%EB%84%90_%EC%A7%80%EC%98%A4%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%98%ED%94%BD_(%EC%9E%A1%EC%A7%80)" title="내셔널 지오그래픽 (잡지) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="내셔널 지오그래픽 (잡지)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Magazine" title="National Geographic Magazine – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="National Geographic Magazine" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E2%80%8B_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="नेशनल जिओग्रैफ़िक पत्रिका – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नेशनल जिओग्रैफ़िक पत्रिका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="National Geographic" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="National Geographic" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_National_Geographic_Magazine" title="The National Geographic Magazine – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="The National Geographic Magazine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9C_%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A7_(%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9F)" title="נשיונל ג'יאוגרפיק (מגזין) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נשיונל ג'יאוגרפיק (מגזין)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_(kalawarta)" title="National Geographic (kalawarta) – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="National Geographic (kalawarta)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D" title="ನ್ಯಾಷನಲ್ ಜೀಯೊಗ್ರಾಫಿಕ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನ್ಯಾಷನಲ್ ಜೀಯೊಗ್ರಾಫಿಕ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_(%E1%83%9F%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98)" title="National Geographic (ჟურნალი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="National Geographic (ჟურნალი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="National Geographic" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5_%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9F%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81" title="ແນຊັ່ນແນລ ຈິໂອກຣາຟິກ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ແນຊັ່ນແນລ ຈິໂອກຣາຟິກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_(%C5%BEurnalas)" title="National Geographic (žurnalas) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="National Geographic (žurnalas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Magazine" title="National Geographic Magazine – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="National Geographic Magazine" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%87)" title="ناشونال جيوجرافيك (مجله) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ناشونال جيوجرافيك (مجله)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_(majalah)" title="National Geographic (majalah) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="National Geographic (majalah)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_(tijdschrift)" title="National Geographic (tijdschrift) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="National Geographic (tijdschrift)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB_%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF_(%E9%9B%91%E8%AA%8C)" title="ナショナルジオグラフィック (雑誌) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナショナルジオグラフィック (雑誌)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="National Geographic" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="National Geographic" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2_%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%93%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95" title="ନ୍ୟାସନାଲ ଜିଓଗ୍ରାଫିକ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ନ୍ୟାସନାଲ ଜିଓଗ୍ରାଫିକ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_(jurnal)" title="National Geographic (jurnal) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="National Geographic (jurnal)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" title="ਨੈਸ਼ਨਲ ਜੀਓਗ੍ਰੈਫਿਕ ਮੈਗਜ਼ੀਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨੈਸ਼ਨਲ ਜੀਓਗ੍ਰੈਫਿਕ ਮੈਗਜ਼ੀਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="National Geographic" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_(revista)" title="National Geographic (revista) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="National Geographic (revista)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_(revist%C4%83)" title="National Geographic (revistă) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="National Geographic (revistă)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_(%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="National Geographic (журнал) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="National Geographic (журнал)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="National Geographic" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)" title="National Geographic (magazine) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="National Geographic (magazine)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="National Geographic" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="National Geographic" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%B5_%D8%AC%DB%8C%DB%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ناشناڵ جیۆگرافیک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ناشناڵ جیۆگرافیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="National Geographic" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_(lehti)" title="National Geographic (lehti) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="National Geographic (lehti)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="National Geographic" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="National Geographic" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81_(%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3)" title="เนชั่นแนล จีโอกราฟิก (นิตยสาร) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เนชั่นแนล จีโอกราฟิก (นิตยสาร)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="National Geographic" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_(%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="National Geographic (журнал) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="National Geographic (журнал)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Magazine" title="National Geographic Magazine – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="National Geographic Magazine" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%99i_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Ba_l%C3%BD_Qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3_(t%E1%BA%A1p_ch%C3%AD)" title="Hội Địa lý Quốc gia Hoa Kỳ (tạp chí) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hội Địa lý Quốc gia Hoa Kỳ (tạp chí)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A9" title="נאציאנאל געאגראפיש – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="נאציאנאל געאגראפיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C" title="國家地理雜誌 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="國家地理雜誌" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86_(%E6%9D%82%E5%BF%97)" title="国家地理 (杂志) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="国家地理 (杂志)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5973845#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><i>National Geographic</i></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Natgeologo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Natgeologo.svg/180px-Natgeologo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Natgeologo.svg/270px-Natgeologo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Natgeologo.svg/360px-Natgeologo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="294" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Geographic_Magazine_March_2017_Cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="March 2017 cover" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ad/National_Geographic_Magazine_March_2017_Cover.jpg/220px-National_Geographic_Magazine_March_2017_Cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ad/National_Geographic_Magazine_March_2017_Cover.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="381" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">March 2017 cover</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Editor</th><td class="infobox-data">Nathan Lump<sup id="cite_ref-NatGeo-Masthead_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NatGeo-Masthead-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Categories</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">Geography</a>, <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">nature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="World culture">world culture</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">Monthly</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total circulation<br />(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data">1.8 million (United States)<sup id="cite_ref-one-eight-million_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-one-eight-million-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">January 13, 1888<span class="noprint">; 136 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1888-01-13</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First issue</th><td class="infobox-data">September 22, 1888<span class="noprint">; 136 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1888-09-22</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>NG Media</li><li>(<a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Partners" title="National Geographic Partners">National Geographic Partners</a>/</li><li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Publishing_Worldwide" title="Disney Publishing Worldwide">Disney Publishing Worldwide</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Based in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English and various other languages</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalgeographic.com/magazine/">nationalgeographic<wbr />.com<wbr />/magazine<wbr />/</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0027-9358">0027-9358</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/643483454">643483454</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>National Geographic</b></i> (formerly <i><b>The National Geographic Magazine</b></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-first-name_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-name-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sometimes branded as <i><b>Nat Geo</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-NatGeo_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NatGeo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is an American monthly magazine published by <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Partners" title="National Geographic Partners">National Geographic Partners</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-partners_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-partners-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The magazine was founded in 1888 as a scholarly journal, nine months after the establishment of the society, but is now a popular magazine. In 1905, it began including pictures, a style for which it became well-known. Its first color photos appeared in the 1910s. During the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, the magazine committed itself to present a balanced view of the <a href="/wiki/Physical_geography" title="Physical geography">physical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_geography" title="Human geography">human geography</a> of countries beyond the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a>. Later, the magazine became outspoken on <a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">environmental issues</a>. </p><p>Until 2015, the magazine was completely owned and managed by the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a>. Since 2015, <a href="/wiki/Controlling_interest" title="Controlling interest">controlling interest</a> has been held by National Geographic Partners. </p><p>Topics of features generally concern <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a>, <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">nature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>, and <a href="/wiki/World_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="World culture">world culture</a>. The magazine is well known for its distinctive appearance: a thick square-bound glossy format with a yellow rectangular border. Map supplements from <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Maps" title="National Geographic Maps">National Geographic Maps</a> are included with subscriptions, and it is available in a traditional printed edition and an interactive online edition. </p><p>As of 1995<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the magazine was circulated worldwide in nearly forty local-language editions and had a global circulation of at least 6.5 million per month including 3.5 million within the U.S.,<sup id="cite_ref-fox-deal-1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fox-deal-1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fox-deal-2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fox-deal-2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> down from about 12 million in the late 1980s. As of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the magazine had won 25 <a href="/wiki/National_Magazine_Awards" title="National Magazine Awards">National Magazine Awards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-awards_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-awards-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, <i>National Geographic</i> laid off all staff writers and announced they would stop U.S. newsstand sales in the next year.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of November 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, its <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> page has 280 million followers, <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Instagram_accounts" title="List of most-followed Instagram accounts">the third most</a> of any account not belonging to an individual celebrity.<sup id="cite_ref-insta_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insta-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The magazine's combined U.S. and international circulation as of June 30, 2024 was about 1.65 million, with its kids magazines separately achieving a circulation of about 500,000.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_National_Geographic_Magazine_Volume_1_Number_1_October_1888.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/The_National_Geographic_Magazine_Volume_1_Number_1_October_1888.jpg/170px-The_National_Geographic_Magazine_Volume_1_Number_1_October_1888.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/The_National_Geographic_Magazine_Volume_1_Number_1_October_1888.jpg/255px-The_National_Geographic_Magazine_Volume_1_Number_1_October_1888.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/The_National_Geographic_Magazine_Volume_1_Number_1_October_1888.jpg/340px-The_National_Geographic_Magazine_Volume_1_Number_1_October_1888.jpg 2x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="592" /></a><figcaption>Front cover from the first edition of <i>The National Geographic Magazine</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> September 1888</span></figcaption></figure><p> The first issue of the <i>National Geographic Magazine</i> was published on September 22, 1888, nine months after the Society was founded. In the first issue, Gardiner Greene Hubbard writes, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The "National Geographic Society" has been organized to "increase and defuse geographic knowledge", and the publication of a Magazine has been determined upon as one means accomplishing these purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-first-issue-announcement_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-issue-announcement-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>It was initially a scholarly journal sent to 165 charter members; in 2010, it reached the hands of 40 million people each month.<sup id="cite_ref-wired_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting with its January 1905 publication of several full-page pictures of Tibet in 1900–01, the magazine began to transition from being a text-oriented publication to featuring extensive pictorial content. By 1908 more than half of the magazine's pages were photographs. The June 1985 cover portrait of a 12-year-old Afghan girl <a href="/wiki/Sharbat_Gula" title="Sharbat Gula">Sharbat Gula</a>, shot by photographer <a href="/wiki/Steve_McCurry" title="Steve McCurry">Steve McCurry</a>, became one of the magazine's most recognizable images.<sup id="cite_ref-npr_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Kids" title="National Geographic Kids">National Geographic Kids</a></i>, the children's version of the magazine, was launched in 1975 under the name <i>National Geographic World</i>. </p><p>At its peak in the late 1980s, the magazine had 12 million subscribers in the United States, and millions more outside of the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-one-eight-million_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-one-eight-million-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1990s, the magazine began publishing <i>The Complete National Geographic</i>, an electronic collection of every past issue of the magazine. It was then sued over copyright of the magazine as a <a href="/wiki/Collective_work_(US)" title="Collective work (US)">collective work</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Greenberg_v._National_Geographic" title="Greenberg v. National Geographic">Greenberg v. National Geographic</a></i> and other cases, and temporarily withdrew the compilation. The magazine eventually prevailed in the dispute, and in July 2009 resumed publishing all past issues through December 2008. More recent issues were later added to the collection; the archive and electronic edition of the magazine are available online to the magazine's subscribers.<sup id="cite_ref-greenberg_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenberg-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2015, the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a> moved the magazine to a new owner, National Geographic Partners, giving <a href="/wiki/21st_Century_Fox" title="21st Century Fox">21st Century Fox</a> a 73% <a href="/wiki/Controlling_interest" title="Controlling interest">controlling interest</a><sup id="cite_ref-parker_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parker-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in exchange for $725 million. In December 2017, a deal was announced for <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a> to <a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_21st_Century_Fox_by_Disney" title="Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney">acquire 21st Century Fox</a>, including the controlling interest in National Geographic Partners.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The acquisition was completed in March 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-Szalai_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Szalai-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NG Media publishing unit was operationally transferred into <a href="/wiki/Disney_Publishing_Worldwide" title="Disney Publishing Worldwide">Disney Publishing Worldwide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Steinberg_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steinberg-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2022, the magazine laid off six of its top editors.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2023, the magazine laid off all of its <a href="/wiki/Staff_writer" title="Staff writer">staff writers</a>, shifting to an entirely freelance-based writing model, and announced that beginning in 2024 it would no longer offer <a href="/wiki/Newsagent%27s_shop" title="Newsagent's shop">newsstand</a> purchases.<sup id="cite_ref-one-eight-million_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-one-eight-million-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Editors-in-chief">Editors-in-chief</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Editors-in-chief"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The magazine had a single "editor" from 1888 to 1920. From 1920 to 1967, the chief editorship was held by the president of the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a>. Since 1967, the magazine has been overseen by its own "editor" and/or "editor-in-chief". The list of editors-in-chief includes three generations of the Grosvenor family between 1903 and 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-grosvenor_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grosvenor-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hovey_Grosvenor" title="Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor">Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor</a> (1875–1966): (Editor-in-Chief: February 1903– January 1920; Managing Editor: September 1900 – February 1903; Assistant Editor: May 1899 – September 1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Oliver_La_Gorce" title="John Oliver La Gorce">John Oliver La Gorce</a> (1879–1959): (May 1954 – January 1957) (president of the society at the same time)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Bell_Grosvenor" title="Melville Bell Grosvenor">Melville Bell Grosvenor</a> (1901–1982): (January 1957 – August 1967) (president of the society at the same time) (thereafter editor-in-chief to 1977)</li> <li>Frederick Vosburgh (1905–2005): (August 1967 – October 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Melville_Grosvenor" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilbert Melville Grosvenor">Gilbert Melville Grosvenor</a> (born 1931): (October 1970 – July 1980) (then became president of the society)</li> <li>Wilbur E. Garrett: (July 1980 – April 1990)</li> <li>William Graves: (April 1990 – December 1994)</li> <li>William L. Allen: (January 1995 – January 2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Johns_(photographer)" title="Chris Johns (photographer)">Chris Johns</a>: (January 2005 – April 2014) (first "editor-in-chief" since MBG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Goldberg" title="Susan Goldberg">Susan Goldberg</a>: (April 2014 – April 2022)<sup id="cite_ref-NatGeo-Masthead_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NatGeo-Masthead-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bryan_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bryan-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-evolution_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evolution-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Nathan Lump: (May 2022 – present)<sup id="cite_ref-lump_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lump-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Articles">Articles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_National_Geographic_Magaine_-_February_1910_Volume_21_Number_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/The_National_Geographic_Magaine_-_February_1910_Volume_21_Number_2.jpg/220px-The_National_Geographic_Magaine_-_February_1910_Volume_21_Number_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/The_National_Geographic_Magaine_-_February_1910_Volume_21_Number_2.jpg/330px-The_National_Geographic_Magaine_-_February_1910_Volume_21_Number_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/The_National_Geographic_Magaine_-_February_1910_Volume_21_Number_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="588" /></a><figcaption>The first issue of <i>The National Geographic Magazine</i> featuring the <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> leaf perimeter and yellow border. <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> February 1910</span></figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, the magazine committed itself to present a balanced view of the <a href="/wiki/Physical_geography" title="Physical geography">physical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_geography" title="Human geography">human geography</a> of countries beyond the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a>. The magazine printed articles on Berlin, <a href="/wiki/Austrian_State_Treaty" title="Austrian State Treaty">de-occupied Austria</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, and Communist China that deliberately downplayed politics to focus on culture. In its coverage of the <a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a>, <i>National Geographic</i> focused on the scientific achievement while largely avoiding reference to the race's connection to nuclear arms buildup. There were also many articles in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s about the individual states and their resources, along with supplementary maps of each state. Many of these articles were written by longtime staff such as <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Simpich" title="Frederick Simpich">Frederick Simpich</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-completer_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-completer-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 21st Century Fox acquired controlling interest in the magazine, articles became outspoken on topics such as <a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">environmental issues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical">chemical</a> <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">pollution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered species</a>. Series of articles were included focusing on the history and varied uses of specific products such as a single metal, gem, food crop, or agricultural product, or an archaeological discovery. Occasionally an entire month's issue would be devoted to a single country, past civilization, a natural resource whose future is endangered, or other themes. In recent decades, the National Geographic Society has unveiled <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society#Publications" title="National Geographic Society">other magazines</a> with different focuses. Whereas the magazine featured lengthy expositions in the past, recent issues have included shorter articles.<sup id="cite_ref-abebooks_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abebooks-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Photography">Photography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Photography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taj_Mahal_1921.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Taj_Mahal_1921.JPG/220px-Taj_Mahal_1921.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Taj_Mahal_1921.JPG/330px-Taj_Mahal_1921.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Taj_Mahal_1921.JPG/440px-Taj_Mahal_1921.JPG 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="547" /></a><figcaption>Color photograph of the <a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a>. Source: <i>The National Geographic Magazine</i>, March 1921</figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to being well known for articles about scenery, history, and the most distant corners of the world, the magazine has been recognized for its book-like quality and the high standard of its photography. It was during the tenure of Society President <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a> and editor Gilbert H. Grosvenor (GHG) that the significance of illustration was first emphasized, in spite of criticism from some of the Board of Managers who considered the many illustrations an indicator of an "unscientific" conception of geography. By 1910, photographs had become the magazine's trademark and Grosvenor was constantly on the search for "dynamical pictures" as Graham Bell called them, particularly those that provided a sense of motion in a still image. In 1915, GHG began building the group of staff photographers and providing them with advanced tools including the latest darkroom.<sup id="cite_ref-father_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-father-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The magazine began to feature some pages of <a href="/wiki/Color_photography" title="Color photography">color photography</a> in the early 1930s, when this technology was still in its early development. During the mid-1930s, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Marden" title="Luis Marden">Luis Marden</a> (1913–2003), a writer and photographer for <i>National Geographic</i>, convinced the magazine to allow its photographers to use the so-called "miniature" 35 mm Leica cameras loaded with <a href="/wiki/Kodachrome" title="Kodachrome">Kodachrome</a> film over bulkier cameras with heavy <a href="/wiki/Photographic_plate" title="Photographic plate">glass plates</a> that required the use of <a href="/wiki/Tripod_(photography)" title="Tripod (photography)">tripods</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-father_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-father-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1959, the magazine started publishing small photographs on its covers, later becoming larger photographs. National Geographic photography quickly shifted to digital photography for both its printed magazine and its website. In subsequent years, the cover, while keeping its yellow border, shed its oak leaf trim and bare table of contents, to allow for a full-page photograph taken for one of the month's articles. Issues of <i>National Geographic</i> are often kept by subscribers for years and re-sold at thrift stores as collectibles. The standard for photography has remained high over the subsequent decades and the magazine is still illustrated with some of the highest-quality <a href="/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">photojournalism</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Milestone-Photos_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milestone-Photos-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, <i>National Geographic</i> began an international photography competition, with over eighteen countries participating.<sup id="cite_ref-travel-photos_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-travel-photos-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallery">Gallery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Srirangam_1909.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Srirangam Temple, India (National Geographic Magazine November 1909)"><img alt="Srirangam Temple, India (National Geographic Magazine November 1909)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Srirangam_1909.jpg/88px-Srirangam_1909.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Srirangam_1909.jpg/133px-Srirangam_1909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Srirangam_1909.jpg/177px-Srirangam_1909.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="627" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ranganathaswamy_Temple,_Srirangam" title="Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam">Srirangam Temple</a>, India (<i>National Geographic Magazine</i> November 1909)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tajin1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pyramid of the Niches, El Tajín (National Geographic Magazine February 1913)"><img alt="Pyramid of the Niches, El Tajín (National Geographic Magazine February 1913)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tajin1913.jpg/120px-Tajin1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tajin1913.jpg/180px-Tajin1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tajin1913.jpg/240px-Tajin1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/El_Taj%C3%ADn#The_Pyramid_of_the_Niches" title="El Tajín">Pyramid of the Niches, El Tajín</a> (<i>National Geographic Magazine</i> February 1913)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ButterMakingPalestine1914.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Traditional butter making in Palestine (National Geographic Magazine March 1914)"><img alt="Traditional butter making in Palestine (National Geographic Magazine March 1914)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/ButterMakingPalestine1914.jpg/101px-ButterMakingPalestine1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/ButterMakingPalestine1914.jpg/152px-ButterMakingPalestine1914.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/ButterMakingPalestine1914.jpg/203px-ButterMakingPalestine1914.jpg 2x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="309" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Traditional <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a> making in <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> (<i>National Geographic Magazine</i> March 1914)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spanish_Gypsy_NGM-v31-p257.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spanish Gypsy (National Geographic Magazine March 1917)"><img alt="Spanish Gypsy (National Geographic Magazine March 1917)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Spanish_Gypsy_NGM-v31-p257.jpg/86px-Spanish_Gypsy_NGM-v31-p257.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Spanish_Gypsy_NGM-v31-p257.jpg/129px-Spanish_Gypsy_NGM-v31-p257.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Spanish_Gypsy_NGM-v31-p257.jpg/172px-Spanish_Gypsy_NGM-v31-p257.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1554" data-file-height="2172" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spanish Gypsy (<i>National Geographic Magazine</i> March 1917)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kathmandu_Market_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kathmandu Market (National Geographic Magazine October 1920)"><img alt="Kathmandu Market (National Geographic Magazine October 1920)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Kathmandu_Market_1920.jpg/120px-Kathmandu_Market_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Kathmandu_Market_1920.jpg/180px-Kathmandu_Market_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Kathmandu_Market_1920.jpg/240px-Kathmandu_Market_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="231" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a> Market (<i>National Geographic Magazine</i> October 1920)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nat_Geo_Expedition_to_the_north_pole.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A photo of a glacier taken on an expedition to the North Pole (National Geographic Magazine January 1910)"><img alt="A photo of a glacier taken on an expedition to the North Pole (National Geographic Magazine January 1910)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Nat_Geo_Expedition_to_the_north_pole.jpg/120px-Nat_Geo_Expedition_to_the_north_pole.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Nat_Geo_Expedition_to_the_north_pole.jpg/180px-Nat_Geo_Expedition_to_the_north_pole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Nat_Geo_Expedition_to_the_north_pole.jpg/240px-Nat_Geo_Expedition_to_the_north_pole.jpg 2x" data-file-width="439" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A photo of a <a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">glacier</a> taken on an expedition to the <a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a> (<i>National Geographic Magazine</i> January 1910)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Map_supplements">Map supplements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Map supplements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>A map is the greatest of all epic poems. Its lines and colors show the realization of great dreams.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hovey_Grosvenor" title="Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor">Gilbert H. Grosvenor</a><sup id="cite_ref-maps_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maps-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_noteF"><a href="#endnote_noteF">f</a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Supplementing the articles, the magazine sometimes provides maps of the regions visited.<sup id="cite_ref-Micronesia_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Micronesia-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Maps" title="National Geographic Maps">National Geographic Maps</a> (originally the Cartographic Division) became a division of the National Geographic Society in 1915. The first supplement map, which appeared in the May 1918 issue of the magazine, titled <i>The Western Theatre of War</i>, served as a reference for overseas military personnel and soldiers' families alike.<sup id="cite_ref-maps-news_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maps-news-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On some occasions, the Society's map archives have been used by the United States government in instances where its own <a href="/wiki/Cartography" title="Cartography">cartographic</a> resources were limited.<sup id="cite_ref-GG_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GG-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>'s <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> map room was filled with National Geographic maps. A National Geographic map of Europe is featured in the displays of the <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> <a href="/wiki/Churchill_Museum_and_Cabinet_War_Rooms" class="mw-redirect" title="Churchill Museum and Cabinet War Rooms">museum</a> in London showing Churchill's markings at the <a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a> where the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> leaders divided <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">post-war</a> Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Apollo_Strategic_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apollo_Strategic-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, <i>National Geographic</i> released an eight-<a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a> set containing all its maps from 1888 to December 2000. Printed versions are also available from the National Geographic website.<sup id="cite_ref-maps2_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maps2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language_editions">Language editions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Language editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Active">Active</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Active"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 1995, <i>National Geographic</i> began publishing in Japanese, its first local language edition.<sup id="cite_ref-Japanese_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Japanese-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The magazine is currently published in 29 local editions around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Around-World_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Around-World-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-completer_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-completer-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eliza_R._Scidmore_Nat_Geo_Pic_1914.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Eliza_R._Scidmore_Nat_Geo_Pic_1914.jpg/170px-Eliza_R._Scidmore_Nat_Geo_Pic_1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="493" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Eliza_R._Scidmore_Nat_Geo_Pic_1914.jpg/255px-Eliza_R._Scidmore_Nat_Geo_Pic_1914.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Eliza_R._Scidmore_Nat_Geo_Pic_1914.jpg 2x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="826" /></a><figcaption><i>Eliza R. Scidmore</i> was the first woman to photograph for The Magazine. <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese people</a>. 1914.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NationalGeographicLibrary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/NationalGeographicLibrary.jpg/170px-NationalGeographicLibrary.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/NationalGeographicLibrary.jpg/255px-NationalGeographicLibrary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/NationalGeographicLibrary.jpg/340px-NationalGeographicLibrary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="4928" /></a><figcaption>National Geographic English editions from 2015</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="max-width:700px;"> <caption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Active language editions</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#fbd42c;">Language </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#fbd42c;">Country </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#fbd42c;">Website </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#fbd42c;">Editor-in-chief </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#fbd42c;">First issue </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine">ngm.com</a> </td> <td>Nathan Lump </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="1888.10 !">October 1888</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine">ngm.com</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2018.01 !">January 2018</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ngalarabiya.com/">ngalarabiya.com</a> </td> <td>Hussain AlMoosawi </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2010.10 !">October 2010</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.bg">nationalgeographic.bg</a> </td> <td>Krassimir Drumev </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2005.11 !">November 2005</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese mainland</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040924122207/http://nationalgeographic.com.cn/">nationalgeographic.com.cn</a> </td> <td>Tianrang Mai </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2007.07 !">July 2007</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140118003915/http://www.ngtaiwan.com/">ngtaiwan.com</a> </td> <td>Yungshih Lee </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2001.01 !">January 2001</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.national-geographic.cz/">national-geographic.cz</a> </td> <td>Tomáš Tureček </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2002.10 !">October 2002</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.nl/">nationalgeographic.nl</a> </td> <td>Robbert Vermue </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2000.10 !">October 2000</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.fr/">nationalgeographic.fr</a> </td> <td>Catherine Ritchie </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="1999.10 !">October 1999</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.ge/">nationalgeographic.ge</a> </td> <td>Natia Khuluzauri </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2012.10 !">October 2012</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.de/">nationalgeographic.de</a> </td> <td>Werner Siefer </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="1999.10 !">October 1999</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ng.hu/">ng.hu</a> </td> <td>Tamás Vitray </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2003.03 !">March 2003</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130219090306/http://www.nationalgeographic.co.il/">nationalgeographic.co.il</a> </td> <td>Idit Elnatan </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="1998.06 !">June 1998</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalgeographic.grid.id/">nationalgeographic.grid.id</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Didi_Kasim" title="Didi Kasim">Didi Kaspi Kasim</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2007.04 !">April 2005</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.it/">nationalgeographic.it</a> </td> <td>Marco Cattaneo </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="1998.02 !">February 1998</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.jp/">nationalgeographic.jp</a> </td> <td>Shigeo Otsuka </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="1995.04 !">April 1995</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.kz">nationalgeographic.kz</a> </td> <td>Yerkin Zhakipov </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2016.02 !">February 2016</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.co.kr/">nationalgeographic.co.kr</a> </td> <td>Junemo Kim </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2000.01 !">January 2000</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.lt/">nationalgeographic.lt</a> </td> <td>Frederikas Jansonas </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2009.10 !">October 2009</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.pl/">nationalgeographic.pl</a> </td> <td>Agnieszka Franus </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="1999.10 !">October 1999</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.pt/">nationalgeographic.pt</a> </td> <td>Gonçalo Pereira </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2001.04 !">April 2001</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.si/">nationalgeographic.si</a> </td> <td>Marija Javornik </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2006.04 !">April 2006</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographicla.com/">nationalgeographicla.com</a> </td> <td>Alicia Guzmán </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="1997.11 !">November 1997</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ngenespanol.com/">ngenespanol.com</a> </td> <td>Alicia Guzmán </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2018.05 !">May 2018</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com.es/">nationalgeographic.com.es</a> </td> <td>Gonçalo Pereira </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="1997.10 !">October 1997</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ngthai.com/">ngthai.com</a> </td> <td>Kowit Phadungruangkij </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2001.08 !">August 2001</span></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discontinued">Discontinued</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Discontinued"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following local-language editions have been discontinued.<sup id="cite_ref-completer_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-completer-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:700px; max-width:700px;"> <caption><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1152813436"><span class="sr-only">Discontinued language editions</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#fbd42c;">Language </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#fbd42c;">Country </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#fbd42c;">Website </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#fbd42c;">First issue </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#fbd42c;">Last issue </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#fbd42c;" width="25"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Number of issues">#</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121002003351/http://nationalgeographic.mn/">nationalgeographic.mn</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2012.10 !">October 2012</span></div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2014.06 !">June 2014</span></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">21</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19981201075402/http://www.nationalgeographic.gr/">nationalgeographic.gr</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="1998.10 !">October 1998</span></div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2014.12 !">December 2014</span></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">194</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2013.04 !">April 2013</span></div></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2015.01 !">January 2015</span></div></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">57</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160111084038/http://nationalgeographic.az/">nationalgeographic.az</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2014.09 !">September 2014</span></div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2015.12 !">December 2015</span></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">16</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120929003046/http://www.nationalgeographic.lv/">nationalgeographic.lv</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2012.10 !">October 2012</span></div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2016.03 !">March 2016</span></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">42</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Farsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Farsi">Farsi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ngmfarsi.com/">www.ngmfarsi.com</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2012.11 !">November 2012</span></div></li> <li><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2017.09 !">September 2017</span></div></li> <li><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2018.10 !">February 2018</span></div></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2017.06 !">June 2017</span></div></li> <li><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2017.12 !">December 2017</span></div></li> <li><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2018.09 !">September 2018</span></div></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">69</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographicbrasil.com/revista">nationalgeographicbrasil.com</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2000.05 !">May 2000</span></div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2019.11 !">November 2019</span></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">235</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.natgeo.dk/">natgeo.dk</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2000.09 !">September 2000</span></div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2020.12 !">December 2020</span></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">267</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.natgeo.no/">natgeo.no</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2000.09 !">September 2000</span></div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2020.12 !">December 2020</span></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">267</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.natgeo.se/">natgeo.se</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2000.09 !">September 2000</span></div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2020.12 !">December 2020</span></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">267</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.natgeo.fi/">natgeo.fi</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2001.01 !">January 2001</span></div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2020.12 !">December 2020</span></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">263</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a><sup id="cite_ref-romanian_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-romanian-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.national-geographic.ro/">natgeo.ro</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2003.05 !">May 2003</span></div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2021.12 !">December 2021</span></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">224</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.ee/">nationalgeographic.ee</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2011.10 !">October 2011</span></div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2021.12 !">December 2021</span></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">123</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2013.08 !">August 2013</span></div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2021.12 !">December 2021</span></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">105</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nat-geo.ru/">nat-geo.ru</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2003.10 !">October 2003</span></div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2022.04 !">April 2022</span></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">259</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.natgeotv.com/tr">nationalgeographic.com.tr</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2001.05 !">May 2001</span></div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2022.06 !">June 2022</span></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">254</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030815013105/http://www.nationalgeographic.com.hr/">nationalgeographic.com.hr</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2003.11 !">November 2003</span></div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2023.1 !">January 2023</span></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">230</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalgeographic.rs/">nationalgeographic.rs/</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2006.11 !">November 2006</span></div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;"><span data-sort-value="2023.12 !">December 2023</span></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">206</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FirstUkrNatGeo_IMGP9989-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/FirstUkrNatGeo_IMGP9989-1.jpg/220px-FirstUkrNatGeo_IMGP9989-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/FirstUkrNatGeo_IMGP9989-1.jpg/330px-FirstUkrNatGeo_IMGP9989-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/FirstUkrNatGeo_IMGP9989-1.jpg/440px-FirstUkrNatGeo_IMGP9989-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4680" data-file-height="3116" /></a><figcaption>First <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> <i>National Geographic</i> magazine presentation, 2013</figcaption></figure> <p>In association with Trends Publications in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> and IDG Asia, <i>National Geographic</i> has been authorized for "copyright cooperation" in China to publish the yellow-border magazine, which launched with the July 2007 issue of the magazine with an event in Beijing on July 10, 2007, and another event on December 6, 2007, in Beijing also celebrating the 29th anniversary of normalization of U.S.–China relations featuring former President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>. The mainland China version is one of the two local-language editions that bump the <i>National Geographic</i> logo off its header in favor of a local-language logo; the other one is the <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> version published under the name <i>Gita Nama</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-wolf_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wolf-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, the Russian version of <i>National Geographic</i> was discontinued effective April 2022. Its publication team then launched the <i>Russian Traveler</i>, which is not associated with the <i>National Geographic</i> brand.<sup id="cite_ref-MK_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MK-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ministry_of_Economic_Development_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ministry_of_Economic_Development-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, <i>National Geographic</i> is available only to subscribers beginning with the January 2024 issue. For the first 110 years of the magazine's existence, membership in the National Geographic Society was the only way to receive it.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia-com_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-com-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Newsstand sales, which began in 1998, ceased in 2023, following a year of layoffs and a shift in focus to digital formats amid the decline of the print media industry.<sup id="cite_ref-AP_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NPR-2_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR-2-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Worldwide editions are sold on newsstands in addition to regular subscriptions. In several countries, such as Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Turkey and Ukraine, <i>National Geographic</i> paved the way for a subscription model in addition to traditional newsstand sales. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On May 1, 2008, <i>National Geographic</i> won three <a href="/wiki/National_Magazine_Awards" title="National Magazine Awards">National Magazine Awards</a>—an award solely for its written content—in the reporting category for an article by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hessler" title="Peter Hessler">Peter Hessler</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_China" title="Economy of China">Chinese economy</a>; an award in the photojournalism category for work by <a href="/wiki/John_Stanmeyer" title="John Stanmeyer">John Stanmeyer</a> on <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Third_World" title="Third World">Third World</a>; and a prestigious award for general excellence.<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1980 and 2011, the magazine has won a total of 24 National Magazine Awards.<sup id="cite_ref-Magazine-Editors_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Magazine-Editors-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2006, 2007, and 2011, <i>National Geographic</i> magazine won the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Magazine_Editors" title="American Society of Magazine Editors">American Society of Magazine Editors</a>' General Excellence Award in the over two million circulation category. In 2010, <i>National Geographic Magazine</i> received the top ASME awards for photojournalism and essay. In 2011, <i>National Geographic Magazine</i> received the top-award from ASME – the Magazine of the Year Award. </p><p>In April 2014, <i>National Geographic</i> received the National Magazine Award ("Ellie") for best tablet edition for its multimedia presentation of Robert Draper's story "The Last Chase", about the final days of a tornado researcher who was killed in the line of duty.<sup id="cite_ref-Wins_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wins-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2017, <i>National Geographic</i> received the National Magazine Award ("Ellie") for best website.<sup id="cite_ref-ELLIE_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELLIE-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>National Geographic</i> won the 2020 Webby Award for News & Magazines in the category Apps, Mobile & Voice.<sup id="cite_ref-Kastrenakes_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kastrenakes-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>National Geographic</i> won the <a href="/wiki/2020_Webby_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Webby Award">2020 Webby Award and Webby People's Voice Award for Magazine</a> in the category Web.<sup id="cite_ref-Kastrenakes_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kastrenakes-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the magazine's February 1982 cover, the <a href="/wiki/Pyramids_of_Giza" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyramids of Giza">pyramids of Giza</a> were altered, resulting in the first major scandal of the digital photography age and contributing to photography's "waning credibility".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cover of the October 1988 issue featured a photo of a large ivory portrait of a male, whose authenticity, particularly the alleged <a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">ice age</a> provenance, has been questioned.<sup id="cite_ref-Bahn_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bahn-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999, the magazine was embroiled in the <i><a href="/wiki/Archaeoraptor" title="Archaeoraptor">Archaeoraptor</a></i> scandal, in which it purported to have a fossil linking birds to dinosaurs. The fossil was a forgery.<sup id="cite_ref-Ketcham_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ketcham-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, the magazine's Your Shot competition was awarded to American filmmaker and photographer William Lascelles for a photograph presented as a portrait of a dog with fighter jets flying over its shoulder. Lascelles had in reality created the image using photo editing software.<sup id="cite_ref-Photo-Fraud_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Photo-Fraud-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a> in 2014, <i>National Geographic</i> published maps with the Crimean peninsula marked as "<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">contested</a>", contrary to international norms.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2018, the editor of <i>National Geographic</i>, <a href="/wiki/Susan_Goldberg" title="Susan Goldberg">Susan Goldberg</a>, said that historically the magazine's coverage of people around the world had been <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racist</a>. Goldberg stated that the magazine ignored non-white Americans and showed different groups as exotic, thereby promoting racial clichés.<sup id="cite_ref-admits_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-admits-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_National_Geographic_milestones">List of National Geographic milestones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: List of National Geographic milestones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is a <b>list of</b> <i><b>National Geographic</b></i> <b>milestones</b> featuring turning points in the magazine's history including <a href="/wiki/Writing" title="Writing">writing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">photography</a> assignments, <a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">design</a> aspects, <a href="/wiki/Cartography" title="Cartography">cartography</a> and sponsored <a href="/wiki/Exploration" title="Exploration">expeditions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bostonglobe_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bostonglobe-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-npr_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="border:none;"> <caption style="text-align:left">Key </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#20c997;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <td><a href="#Writing_and_photography">Writing and photography</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#fff; border:none;"> </td> <td style="background-color:#0dcaf0;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <td><a href="#Cartography">Cartography</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#fff; border:none;"> </td> <td style="background-color:#dc3545;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <td><a href="#Sponsored_expeditions">Sponsored expeditions</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#fff; border:none;"> </td> <td style="background-color:#6f42c1;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <td><a href="#Design">Design</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#fff; border:none;"> </td> <td style="background-color:#0d6efd;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <td><a href="#Social_/_other">Social / other</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writing_and_photography">Writing and photography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Writing and photography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1152813436"><span class="sr-only">Writing and photography</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="background-color:#20c997; color:#fff;">Year </th> <th scope="col">Milestone </th> <th scope="col">Notes </th> <th scope="col"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Reference">Ref</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#20c997; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1888 </th> <td style="width:135px;">First publication </td> <td>The first issue of <i>The National Geographic Magazine</i><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_noteA"><a href="#endnote_noteA">a</a></sup> was <a href="/wiki/Published" class="mw-redirect" title="Published">published</a> in October 1888 for the cost of fifty <a href="/wiki/Cent_(currency)" title="Cent (currency)">cents</a> (<a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">USD</a>), with an introductory address by the <a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">President</a> of the magazine, <a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Greene_Hubbard" title="Gardiner Greene Hubbard">Gardiner G. Hubbard</a>. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-npr_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-first-issue_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-issue-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#20c997; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1890 </th> <td>First photograph of a natural scene </td> <td>The first photograph of a <a href="/wiki/Natural" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural">natural</a> scene was that of <a href="/wiki/Herald_Island_(Arctic)" title="Herald Island (Arctic)">Herald Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a>, photographed by Assistant Paymaster <i>J. Q. Lovell</i> (<a href="/wiki/USN" class="mw-redirect" title="USN">USN</a>) aboard the <a href="/wiki/USS_Thetis_(1881)" title="USS Thetis (1881)">USS Thetis</a> in the July issue of 1890. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-npr_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-natural-scene_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natural-scene-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#20c997; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1908 </th> <td>Photography </td> <td>More than half of the magazine's pages are photographs </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-npr_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#20c997; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1914 </th> <td>First color photograph </td> <td>The first <a href="/wiki/Color_photograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Color photograph">color photograph</a> to appear in the magazine (<a href="/wiki/Autochrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Autochrome">Autochrome</a>) was in the July 1914 issue, that of a <a href="/wiki/Flower_garden" title="Flower garden">flower garden</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent, Belgium</a> photographed by Paul G. Guillumette. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-npr_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-first-color-photo_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-color-photo-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#20c997; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1914 </th> <td>First article written by a female author </td> <td>The first article written by a female was published in the July 1914 issue by <a href="/wiki/Eliza_Ruhamah_Scidmore" title="Eliza Ruhamah Scidmore">Eliza R. Scidmore</a>, an account of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>'s youth titled <i>Young Japan</i>. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-npr_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-first-female-write_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-female-write-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 36">: 36 </span></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#20c997; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1914 </th> <td>First photograph by a female </td> <td>The first image photographed (only the second in color, the first being in the same issue) by a female was in the July 1914 issue by Eliza R. Scidmore, that of a young <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a> boy gazing at a <a href="/wiki/Chicken" title="Chicken">chicken</a> and her newborn <a href="/wiki/Hatchlings" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatchlings">hatchlings</a>. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-npr_16-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-first-female-write_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-female-write-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 54">: 54 </span></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#20c997; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1926 </th> <td>First natural photos underwater </td> <td>The first natural <a href="/wiki/Underwater_photography" title="Underwater photography">underwater photograph</a> was published in the January 1927 issue depicting a <a href="/wiki/Hogfish" title="Hogfish">Hogfish</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Keys" title="Florida Keys">Florida Keys</a>. The pictures were photographed by Charles Martin and <a href="/wiki/William_Harding_Longley" title="William Harding Longley">W. H. Longley</a>.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_noteE"><a href="#endnote_noteE">e</a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-first-underwater_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-underwater-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#20c997; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1930 </th> <td>First natural-color <a href="/wiki/Aerial_photographs" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerial photographs">Aerial photographs</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Melville_Bell_Grosvenor" title="Melville Bell Grosvenor">Melville Bell Grosvenor</a> captures the first published natural-color <a href="/wiki/Aerial_photographs" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerial photographs">aerial photographs</a>. The photo was taken aboard a <a href="/wiki/Detroit_ZMC-2" title="Detroit ZMC-2">Detroit ZMC-2</a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">U.S. Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Airship" title="Airship">airship</a> and featured the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. The publication was in the September 1930 issue of the magazine. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-online-safety_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-online-safety-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#20c997; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1938 </th> <td>Use of 35mm film </td> <td>The first use of <a href="/wiki/135_film" title="135 film">35 mm film</a>, produced by <a href="/wiki/Kodak" title="Kodak">Kodak</a> under the brand <a href="/wiki/Kodachrome" title="Kodachrome">Kodachrome</a>, was published in the April 1938 issue. The photographs were captured by Bob Moore, that of <a href="/wiki/Austrians" title="Austrians">Austrian</a> dancers and would be the preferred <a href="/wiki/Film_stock" title="Film stock">film stock</a> for decades. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-npr_16-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-firsts_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-firsts-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#20c997; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1959 </th> <td>First photo on the cover </td> <td>The first photograph on the <a href="/wiki/Magazine_cover" class="mw-redirect" title="Magazine cover">magazine cover</a> was on the July 1959 issue, a depiction of the 49-star <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">flag of the United States</a> after <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>'s induction into the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, taken by <a href="/wiki/B._Anthony_Stewart" title="B. Anthony Stewart">B. Anthony Stewart</a>. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-npr_16-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-first-cover-photo_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-cover-photo-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#20c997; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1960 </th> <td>1,750,000 years old discovery </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_Leakey" title="Louis Leakey">Louis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Leakey" title="Mary Leakey">Mary Leakey</a> report on the discovery of <i><a href="/wiki/Zinjanthropus" class="mw-redirect" title="Zinjanthropus">Zinjanthropus</a></i>, a more than 1,750,000 years old man-like species in the <a href="/wiki/Hominin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominin">Hominin</a> family. Published in the September issue of the magazine. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_60-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-jstor_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jstor-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#20c997; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1970 </th> <td>Stronger photojournalism </td> <td>After <a href="/wiki/Astronauts" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronauts">astronauts</a> took one of the first color full-disk photos of <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> from <a href="/wiki/Space" title="Space">space</a> in 1968, Gordon Young wrote an article highlighting the state of <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">pollution</a> on the planet. The article was published in the December 1970 issue, photographed by <a href="/wiki/James_P._Blair" title="James P. Blair">James P. Blair</a> and marked a shift away from attractive photos and towards photo-journalistically stronger images. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-npr_16-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-pollution_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pollution-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#20c997; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1985 </th> <td>Afghan Girl </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Steve_McCurry" title="Steve McCurry">Steve McCurry</a> took the photo that was featured on the June 1985 issue of the magazine, that of <i><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Girl" title="Afghan Girl">Afghan Girl</a></i>, a twelve year old <a href="/wiki/Afghan_refugees#Pakistan" title="Afghan refugees">Afghan refugee in Pakistan</a> named <a href="/wiki/Sharbat_Gula" title="Sharbat Gula">Sharbat Gula</a>. She had green eyes and her picture would become the most recognized photo from <i>National Geographic</i>. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-huffpost_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huffpost-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-gula_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gula-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-june-85_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-june-85-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#20c997; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1985 </th> <td>RMS <i>Titanic</i> </td> <td>After the <i><a href="/wiki/Titanic" title="Titanic">Titanic</a></i> was found in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ballard" title="Robert Ballard">Robert Ballard</a>, he wrote the cover story for the December 1985 issue of the magazine titled "How we found the Titanic", documenting his experience. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_60-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-huffpost_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huffpost-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#20c997; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">2002 </th> <td><i>Afghan Girl</i> found </td> <td>Seventeen years after her portrait appeared on the cover, <a href="/wiki/Sharbat_Gula" title="Sharbat Gula">Sharbat Gula</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Girl" title="Afghan Girl">Afghan Girl</a></i>, was found at the age of twenty nine in the mountains of <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. Her name was not known until this time. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-huffpost_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huffpost-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-gula2_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gula2-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#20c997; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">2003 </th> <td>First all digital photography in an article </td> <td>The first all-digital photography within an article was titled "The Future of Flying", published in the December 2003 issue by Michael Klesius and photographed by <a href="/wiki/Joe_McNally_(photographer)" title="Joe McNally (photographer)">Joe McNally</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Magazine_cover" class="mw-redirect" title="Magazine cover">cover</a> story showcased the <a href="/wiki/F/A-22" class="mw-redirect" title="F/A-22">F/A-22 Raptor</a>. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-all-digital1_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-all-digital1-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-all-digital2_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-all-digital2-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cartography">Cartography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Cartography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1152813436"><span class="sr-only">Writing and photography</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="background-color:#0dcaf0; color:#fff;">Year </th> <th scope="col">Milestone </th> <th scope="col">Notes </th> <th scope="col"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Reference">Ref</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#0dcaf0; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1889 </th> <td style="width:135px;">First photograph and first map </td> <td>The first <a href="/wiki/Photograph" title="Photograph">photograph</a> was in the second ever published issue, depicting a <a href="/wiki/Topographic_map" title="Topographic map">topographic relief map</a> of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, in the April 1889 issue by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Gouverneur_Ogden" title="Herbert Gouverneur Ogden">Herbert G. Ogden</a>. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-npr_16-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-first-photo_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-photo-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#0dcaf0; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1889 </th> <td>First fold out map </td> <td>The first fold-out map was published in the October 1889 issue depicting the Meadow Creek Mountains in <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> along the <a href="/wiki/French_Broad_River" title="French Broad River">French Broad River</a> to <a href="/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina" title="Asheville, North Carolina">Asheville, North Carolina</a>. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-cdrom_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-cdrom-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-first-fold-out_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-fold-out-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#0dcaf0; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1890 </th> <td>First map of a hurricane </td> <td>The first map of a <a href="/wiki/Hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane">hurricane</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">drawing</a> published in the May 1890 issue. It was a depiction of the September <a href="/wiki/1888_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="1888 Atlantic hurricane season">1888 Atlantic hurricanes</a>.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_noteD"><a href="#endnote_noteD">d</a></sup> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-hurricane1_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hurricane1-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-hurricane2_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hurricane2-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#0dcaf0; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1891 </th> <td>First color map </td> <td>The first color map was a reproduction of <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> by <a href="/wiki/Dodd,_Mead_%26_Co." title="Dodd, Mead & Co.">Dodd, Mead & Company, Publishers</a>. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-color-map_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-color-map-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-maps_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maps-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sponsored_expeditions">Sponsored expeditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sponsored expeditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1152813436"><span class="sr-only">Writing and photography</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dc3545; color:#fff;">Year </th> <th scope="col">Milestone </th> <th scope="col">Notes </th> <th scope="col"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Reference">Ref</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#dc3545; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1890 </th> <td style="width:135px;">First sponsored scientific expedition </td> <td>The first <a href="/wiki/Sponsor_(commercial)" title="Sponsor (commercial)">sponsored</a> scientific <a href="/wiki/Exploration" title="Exploration">expedition</a> started in 1890 and was published in the July 1902 issue. The expedition was led by <a href="/wiki/Geologist" title="Geologist">Geologist</a> Dr. <a href="/wiki/Israel_Russell" title="Israel Russell">Israel Russell</a> who <a href="/wiki/Surveyed" class="mw-redirect" title="Surveyed">surveyed</a> and mapped the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Saint_Elias" title="Mount Saint Elias">Mount Saint Elias</a> region in North America. During the voyage, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>'s highest peak, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Logan" title="Mount Logan">Mount Logan</a> was discovered. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-martinique_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martinique-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_60-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-first-expedition_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-expedition-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#dc3545; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1909 </th> <td>Robert E. Peary discovers the North Pole </td> <td>In a society sponsored expedition to the <a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a>, explorer <a href="/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary">Robert E. Peary</a> was the first to discover the region on April 6, 1909. The article featured accolades that were received and published in the January 1910 issue of the magazine. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_60-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-peary_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-peary-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#dc3545; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1929 </th> <td>First flight to the South Pole </td> <td>The first flight to the <a href="/wiki/South_Pole" title="South Pole">South Pole</a> was a National Geographic Society<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_noteG"><a href="#endnote_noteG">g</a></sup> sponsored expedition. On November 29, 1929 <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd" title="Richard E. Byrd">Richard E. Byrd</a> flew over the South Pole photographing more than 60,000 square miles of <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> from the air, which was featured in the August 1930 issue of the magazine. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_60-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-byrd1_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byrd1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-byrd2_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byrd2-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#dc3545; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1952 </th> <td>First publication by underwater pioneer <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cousteau" title="Jacques Cousteau">Jacques Cousteau</a> </td> <td>The magazine publishes first of many undersea articles by Jacques-Yves Cousteau. The name of the article was called "Fish Men Explore a New World Underwater" and was published in the October issue of 1952. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_60-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-gale_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gale-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#dc3545; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1961 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jane_Goodall" title="Jane Goodall">Jane Goodall</a>'s research on <a href="/wiki/Chimpanzees" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimpanzees">Chimpanzees</a> </td> <td>Jane Goodall starts her expedition and research on chimpanzees in <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania, Africa</a>'s Gombe Stream Park using funds from National Geographic.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_noteG"><a href="#endnote_noteG">g</a></sup> Her findings were published throughout the later half of the 20th century. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_60-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-goodall_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goodall-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#dc3545; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1963 </th> <td>First Americans conquer Mt. Everest </td> <td>In a National Geographic Society supported expedition<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_noteG"><a href="#endnote_noteG">g</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mountaineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountaineer">mountaineer</a> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Whittaker" title="Jim Whittaker">Jim Whittaker</a>, was the first American to conquer <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest">Mount Everest</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_60-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-huffpost_71-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huffpost-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-everest_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-everest-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#dc3545; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1967 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey">Dian Fossey</a> studies <a href="/wiki/Gorillas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorillas">gorillas</a> </td> <td>Dian Fossey begins a long-term Society-funded study of <a href="/wiki/Mountain_gorillas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain gorillas">mountain gorillas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda, Africa</a>. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_60-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-huffpost_71-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huffpost-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-fossey_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fossey-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#dc3545; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1978 </th> <td>Koko the gorilla learns sign-language </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">Sign-language</a> skills of <a href="/wiki/Koko_(gorilla)" title="Koko (gorilla)">Koko</a> the <a href="/wiki/Gorilla" title="Gorilla">gorilla</a>, following six years of National Geographic Society-funded training by <a href="/wiki/Francine_Patterson" title="Francine Patterson">Francine Patterson</a>, was reported in the October 1978 issue of the magazine. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_60-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-koko_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-koko-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#dc3545; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">2012 </th> <td>James Cameron and the Mariana Trench </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a>, becomes first person to <a href="/wiki/Underwater_diving" title="Underwater diving">dive</a> solo to the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Trench" title="Mariana Trench">Mariana Trench</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Deepsea_Challenger" title="Deepsea Challenger">Deepsea Challenger</a>, a joint scientific expedition to conduct deep-ocean research. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-huffpost_71-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huffpost-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_60-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design">Design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1152813436"><span class="sr-only">Writing and photography</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="background-color:#6f42c1; color:#fff;">Year </th> <th scope="col">Milestone </th> <th scope="col">Notes </th> <th scope="col"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Reference">Ref</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#6f42c1; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1896 </th> <td style="width:135px;">Monthly magazine and design change </td> <td>In January 1896 the magazine started featuring titles of articles on the front <a href="/wiki/Magazine_cover" class="mw-redirect" title="Magazine cover">cover</a> and began publishing the magazine on a monthly basis. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-brandfolder_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brandfolder-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-titles-cover_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-titles-cover-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#6f42c1; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1910 </th> <td>Front cover design change </td> <td>In the February 1910 issue, the <a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">design</a> of the front cover changed to a yellow <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> leaf border <a href="/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">illustration</a> featuring a yellow border; with the exception of a few background color and <a href="/wiki/Font" title="Font">font</a> changes, this would be the primary design through June 1959. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-ucreative_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucreative-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-design-change_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-design-change-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#6f42c1; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1959 </th> <td>Small images on the front cover </td> <td>In the July 1959 issue, the magazine started including small photos on the front cover. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-npr_16-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-first-cover-photo_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-cover-photo-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#6f42c1; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1959 </th> <td>Exclusion of the word "Magazine" </td> <td>In the December 1959 issue, the word "Magazine" was excluded from the title. In January and February 1960 the publication was called "<i>The National Geographic</i>". By March 1960 the name of the magazine was simply titled <i>National Geographic</i>. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-magazine-drop_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magazine-drop-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-typesupply_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-typesupply-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#6f42c1; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1962 </th> <td>Large images on the front cover </td> <td>In the January 1962 issue, the magazine started including large photos, enveloping the entire cover. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-jan-62_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jan-62-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#6f42c1; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1979 </th> <td>No more oak leaf on the cover </td> <td>The September 1979 was the first time the magazine dropped the oak leaf border from the cover, making the yellow border more visibly noticeable. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-sept-79_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sept-79-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social/other"><span id="Social.2Fother"></span>Social/other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Social/other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1152813436"><span class="sr-only">Writing and photography</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="background-color:#0d6efd; color:#fff;">Year </th> <th scope="col">Milestone </th> <th scope="col">Notes </th> <th scope="col"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Reference">Ref</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="background-color:#0d6efd; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1941 </th> <td>Efforts of <a href="/wiki/WWII" class="mw-redirect" title="WWII">WWII</a> </td> <td>National Geographic Society gives access of photographs, maps, and cartographic details to <a href="/wiki/U.S._President" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. President">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> to help with the war efforts of WWII. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_60-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-national-archives_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-national-archives-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#0d6efd; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1945 </th> <td>Efforts of <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> </td> <td>U.S. forces colonels <a href="/wiki/Dean_Rusk" title="Dean Rusk">Dean Rusk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bonesteel" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Bonesteel">Charles Bonesteel</a> <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">partitioned the Korean peninsula along the 38th parallel</a> with a National Geographic map. </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#0d6efd; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1962 </th> <td>The Society's <a href="/wiki/Flag" title="Flag">flag</a> in <a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">space</a>. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a> transports the National Geographic Society's flag on first U.S. orbital space flight aboard <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6">Mercury-Atlas 6</a>. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_60-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-space1_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-space1-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#0d6efd; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1969 </th> <td>The Society's <a href="/wiki/Flag" title="Flag">flag</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">moon</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> <a href="/wiki/Astronauts" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronauts">astronauts</a> transport the National Geographic Society's flag to the moon. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_60-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-huffpost_71-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huffpost-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#0d6efd; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">1996 </th> <td>Website launch </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com">nationalgeographic.com</a> is launched on the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-huffpost_71-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huffpost-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#0d6efd; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;">2018 </th> <td style="width:135px;">Racism acknowledgment </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Editor-in-chief" title="Editor-in-chief">Editor-in-chief</a> <a href="/wiki/Susan_Goldberg" title="Susan Goldberg">Susan Goldberg</a> admitted publicly, "For decades, our coverage was racist. To rise above our past, we must acknowledge it". </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-race_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-race-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-newyorktimes1_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newyorktimes1-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#0d6efd; border-right:none;"><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <th style="font-weight:normal;">2023 </th> <td>Discontinuance of newstand sales </td> <td>As of June 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> parent company <a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a> announced that they will be discontinuing sales of their publication on <a href="/wiki/Newsstands" class="mw-redirect" title="Newsstands">newsstands</a> in the United States. </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-one-eight-million_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-one-eight-million-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Kids" title="National Geographic Kids">National Geographic Kids</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Traveler" title="National Geographic Traveler">National Geographic Traveler</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Geographic_cover_stories" title="List of National Geographic cover stories">List of <i>National Geographic</i> cover stories</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>a.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_noteA"><b><a href="#ref_noteA">^</a></b> <i>The National Geographic Magazine</i> was the publication's name until December 1959, after which it was simply called "National Geographic".<sup id="cite_ref-typesupply_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-typesupply-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></dd> <dd>b.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_noteB"><b><a href="#ref_noteB">^</a></b> Photograph not credited in the magazine, but <i>is</i> at the preceding reference<sup id="cite_ref-stewart_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stewart-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></dd> <dd>c.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_noteC"><b><a href="#ref_noteC">^</a></b> Multiple articles, multiple authors</span></dd> <dd>d.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_noteD"><b><a href="#ref_noteD">^</a></b> Uncredited image</span></dd> <dd>e.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_noteE"><b><a href="#ref_noteE">^</a></b> Two photographers credited, it is not stated which one took the photo</span></dd> <dd>f.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_noteF"><b><a href="#ref_noteF">^</a></b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span></dd> <dd>g.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_noteG"><b><a href="#ref_noteG">^</a></b> As well as other sponsors</span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NatGeo-Masthead-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NatGeo-Masthead_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NatGeo-Masthead_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220809133412/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/pages/article/masthead">"Masthead: National Geographic Magazine"</a>. <i>National Geographic</i>. July 27, 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/pages/article/masthead">the original</a> on August 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Masthead%3A+National+Geographic+Magazine&rft.date=2022-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fpages%2Farticle%2Fmasthead&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-one-eight-million-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-one-eight-million_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-one-eight-million_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-one-eight-million_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-one-eight-million_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarhi2023" class="citation news cs1">Farhi, Paul (June 28, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2023/06/28/national-geographic-staff-writers-laid-off/">"National Geographic lays off its last remaining staff writers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230628224426/http://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2023/06/28/national-geographic-staff-writers-laid-off/">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=%27National+Geographic%27+Celebrates+125+Years+Of+Photography&rft.date=2013-10-01&rft.aulast=Dukehart&rft.aufirst=Coburn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fpictureshow%2F2013%2F10%2F01%2F227871549%2Fnational-geographic-celebrates-125-years-of-photography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-greenberg-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-greenberg_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apa.org/about/offices/ogc/amicus/greenberg.aspx">"Greenberg v. National Geographic Enterprises Inc"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Psychological_Association" title="American Psychological Association">American Psychological Association</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180108034402/http://www.apa.org/about/offices/ogc/amicus/greenberg.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Psychological+Association&rft.atitle=Greenberg+v.+National+Geographic+Enterprises+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apa.org%2Fabout%2Foffices%2Fogc%2Famicus%2Fgreenberg.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-parker-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-parker_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker2015" class="citation web cs1">Parker, Laura (September 9, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180713195818/https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/09/150909-21st-century-fox-media-partnership/">"National Geographic and 21st Century Fox Expand Media Partnership"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/09/150909-21st-century-fox-media-partnership/">the original</a> on July 13, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Geographic+and+21st+Century+Fox+Expand+Media+Partnership&rft.date=2015-09-09&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2F2015%2F09%2F150909-21st-century-fox-media-partnership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnn-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cnn_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldman2017" class="citation news cs1">Goldman, David (December 14, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2017/12/14/media/disney-fox/index.html">"Disney buys 21st Century Fox: Who gets what"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNNMoney" class="mw-redirect" title="CNNMoney">CNNMoney</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171214130140/http://money.cnn.com/2017/12/14/media/disney-fox/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 14, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNNMoney&rft.atitle=Disney+buys+21st+Century+Fox%3A+Who+gets+what&rft.date=2017-12-14&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2017%2F12%2F14%2Fmedia%2Fdisney-fox%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Szalai-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Szalai_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzalaiBond2019" class="citation web cs1">Szalai, Georg; Bond, Paul (March 20, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/disney-closes-fox-deal-creating-global-content-powerhouse-1174498">"Disney Closes $71.3 Billion Fox Deal, Creating Global Content Powerhouse"</a>. <i>The Hollywood Reporter</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190320064742/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/disney-closes-fox-deal-creating-global-content-powerhouse-1174498">Archived</a> from the original on March 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Disney+Closes+%2471.3+Billion+Fox+Deal%2C+Creating+Global+Content+Powerhouse&rft.date=2019-03-20&rft.aulast=Szalai&rft.aufirst=Georg&rft.au=Bond%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fdisney-closes-fox-deal-creating-global-content-powerhouse-1174498&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steinberg-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Steinberg_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinberg2019" class="citation news cs1">Steinberg, Brian (August 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/disney-layoffs-national-geographic-1203318735/">"Disney Layoffs Affect National Geographic"</a>. <i>Variety</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191111094149/https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/disney-layoffs-national-geographic-1203318735/">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Disney+Layoffs+Affect+National+Geographic&rft.date=2019-08-29&rft.aulast=Steinberg&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2019%2Ftv%2Fnews%2Fdisney-layoffs-national-geographic-1203318735%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarhi2022" class="citation news cs1">Farhi, Paul (September 6, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2022/09/05/national-geographic-magazine-editors-layoffs/">"National Geographic magazine lays off six of its top editors"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221215080645/https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2022/09/05/national-geographic-magazine-editors-layoffs/">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=National+Geographic+magazine+lays+off+six+of+its+top+editors&rft.date=2022-09-06&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Farhi&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fmedia%2F2022%2F09%2F05%2Fnational-geographic-magazine-editors-layoffs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grosvenor-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-grosvenor_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrosvenor1988" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_M._Grosvenor" title="Gilbert M. Grosvenor">Grosvenor, Gilbert M.</a> (March 1988). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/633478">"A Hundred Years of the National Geographic Society"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Geographical_Journal" title="The Geographical Journal">The Geographical Journal</a></i>. <b>154</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society">Royal Geographical Society</a>: 87–92. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988GeogJ.154...87G">1988GeogJ.154...87G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F633478">10.2307/633478</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/633478">633478</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230604041419/https://www.jstor.org/stable/633478">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Geographical+Journal&rft.atitle=A+Hundred+Years+of+the+National+Geographic+Society&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=87-92&rft.date=1988-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F633478%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F633478&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988GeogJ.154...87G&rft.aulast=Grosvenor&rft.aufirst=Gilbert+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F633478&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bryan-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bryan_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryan1997" class="citation book cs1">Bryan, C.D.B (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ynQnAQAAIAAJ"><i>The National Geographic Society, 100 Years of Adventure and Discovery</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York, New York">New York, New York</a>: Abrams Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-81093-696-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-81093-696-6"><bdi>978-0-81093-696-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629183050/https://books.google.com/books?id=ynQnAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+National+Geographic+Society%2C+100+Years+of+Adventure+and+Discovery&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Abrams+Inc.&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-81093-696-6&rft.aulast=Bryan&rft.aufirst=C.D.B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DynQnAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-evolution-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-evolution_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114185913/http://press.nationalgeographic.com/files/2012/05/NGM-History-10-12.pdf">"Evolution of National Geographic Magazine"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press.nationalgeographic.com/files/2012/05/NGM-History-10-12.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 14, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Evolution+of+National+Geographic+Magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.nationalgeographic.com%2Ffiles%2F2012%2F05%2FNGM-History-10-12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lump-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lump_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalgeographicpartners.com/2022/05/national-geographic-announces-nathan-lump-as-editor-in-chief/">"National Geographic announces Nathan Lump as Editor In Chief"</a>. May 5, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629183053/https://nationalgeographicpartners.com/2022/05/national-geographic-announces-nathan-lump-as-editor-in-chief/">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Geographic+announces+Nathan+Lump+as+Editor+In+Chief&rft.date=2022-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalgeographicpartners.com%2F2022%2F05%2Fnational-geographic-announces-nathan-lump-as-editor-in-chief%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-completer-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-completer_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-completer_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-completer_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LZxZXwAACAAJ"><i>The Complete National Geographic</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>: <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a>. 2008. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4262-9635-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4262-9635-2"><bdi>978-1-4262-9635-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629183052/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZxZXwAACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+National+Geographic&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=National+Geographic+Society&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4262-9635-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLZxZXwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abebooks-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-abebooks_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=30386691904">"National Geographic, Volume 8, No. 4, 2002; Official Journal of the National Geographic Society"</a>. <i>abebooks.com</i>. Nikkei National Geographic Inc. 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230602084234/https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=30386691904">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=abebooks.com&rft.atitle=National+Geographic%2C+Volume+8%2C+No.+4%2C+2002%3B+Official+Journal+of+the+National+Geographic+Society&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abebooks.com%2Fservlet%2FBookDetailsPL%3Fbi%3D30386691904&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-father-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-father_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-father_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWentzel1998" class="citation web cs1">Wentzel, Volmar K (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150224164240/http://www.cosmosclub.org/web/journals/1998/wentzel.html">"GILBERT HOVEY GROSVENOR, FATHER OF PHOTOJOURNALISM"</a>. <i>Cosmos Club</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cosmosclub.org/web/journals/1998/wentzel.html">the original</a> on February 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2015</span>. <q>Photographs had unquestionably become the Magazine's trademark. They confirmed GHG's conviction, "If the National Geographic Magazine is to progress, it must constantly improve the quality of its illustrations..." At first he borrowed, then bought and probably would have stolen "dynamical" photographs, if in 1915 he had not engaged Franklin L. Fisher as his Chief of Illustrations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cosmos+Club&rft.atitle=GILBERT+HOVEY+GROSVENOR%2C+FATHER+OF+PHOTOJOURNALISM&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Wentzel&rft.aufirst=Volmar+K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cosmosclub.org%2Fweb%2Fjournals%2F1998%2Fwentzel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Milestone-Photos-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Milestone-Photos_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629183055/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/society/">"Milestone Photos"</a>. <i>Photo Galleries Celebrating 125 Years</i>. National Geographic Society. 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.com/125/photo-galleries/">the original</a> on June 29, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Photo+Galleries+Celebrating+125+Years&rft.atitle=Milestone+Photos&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2F125%2Fphoto-galleries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-travel-photos-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-travel-photos_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digg.com/2018/nat-geo-travel-photo-contest-winner">"Named The Best Travel Photos Of The Year, And They Are Stunning"</a>. Digg.com. June 28, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629183053/https://digg.com/2018/nat-geo-travel-photo-contest-winner">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Named+The+Best+Travel+Photos+Of+The+Year%2C+And+They+Are+Stunning&rft.pub=Digg.com&rft.date=2018-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigg.com%2F2018%2Fnat-geo-travel-photo-contest-winner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maps-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-maps_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maps_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValdés" class="citation web cs1">Valdés, Juan José. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230531074107/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/maps/article/about-maps">"About National Geographic Maps"</a>. National Geographic. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/maps/article/about-maps">the original</a> on May 31, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+National+Geographic+Maps&rft.pub=National+Geographic&rft.aulast=Vald%C3%A9s&rft.aufirst=Juan+Jos%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fmaps%2Farticle%2Fabout-maps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Micronesia-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Micronesia_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyer1967" class="citation magazine cs1">Boyer, David S. (May 1967). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nationalgeographic.com/national-geographic/1967-may/flipbook/CV1/">"Micronesia-The Americanization of Eden"</a></span>. <i>National Geographic</i>. Vol. 131, no. 5. p. 714<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Micronesia-The+Americanization+of+Eden&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=714&rft.date=1967-05&rft.aulast=Boyer&rft.aufirst=David+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnational-geographic%2F1967-may%2Fflipbook%2FCV1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maps-news-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maps-news_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708054416/http://natgeomaps.blogspot.com/2009/12/maps-of-news-december-2009-edition.html">"Maps of the News"</a>. December 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://natgeomaps.blogspot.com/2009/12/maps-of-news-december-2009-edition.html">the original</a> on July 8, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maps+of+the+News&rft.date=2009-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnatgeomaps.blogspot.com%2F2009%2F12%2Fmaps-of-news-december-2009-edition.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GG-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GG_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrosvenor1950" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_M._Grosvenor" title="Gilbert M. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Map+Services+of+the+National+Geographic+Society&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=National+Geographic+Society.&rft.date=1950&rft.aulast=Grosvenor&rft.aufirst=Gilbert+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBe1VtwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apollo_Strategic-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Apollo_Strategic_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apollostrategiccomms.com/2011/12/national-geographic/">"National Geographic"</a>. <i>apollostrategiccomms.com</i>. Apollo Strategic communications agency. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230602074729/https://apollostrategiccomms.com/2011/12/national-geographic/">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apollostrategiccomms.com&rft.atitle=National+Geographic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapollostrategiccomms.com%2F2011%2F12%2Fnational-geographic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maps2-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maps2_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/maps">"Maps"</a>. <i>nationalgeographic.com</i>. National Geographic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629184556/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/maps">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nationalgeographic.com&rft.atitle=Maps&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fmaps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Japanese-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Japanese_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nikkeibp.co.jp/ad/en/printmedia/life/ngj/">"National Geographic Japanese Edition"</a>. <i>nikkeibp.co.jp</i>. April 1995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230604092014/https://www.nikkeibp.co.jp/ad/en/printmedia/life/ngj/">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nikkeibp.co.jp&rft.atitle=National+Geographic+Japanese+Edition&rft.date=1995-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nikkeibp.co.jp%2Fad%2Fen%2Fprintmedia%2Flife%2Fngj%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Around-World-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Around-World_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalgeographicpartners.com/2021/02/february-magazine-covers-from-around-the-world/">"February Magazine Covers from Around the World"</a>. February 16, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417174745/https://nationalgeographicpartners.com/2021/02/february-magazine-covers-from-around-the-world/">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=February+Magazine+Covers+from+Around+the+World&rft.date=2021-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalgeographicpartners.com%2F2021%2F02%2Ffebruary-magazine-covers-from-around-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-romanian-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-romanian_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.natgeo.ro/articole/romania/locuri-si-oameni-ro/39907-cel-putin-deocamdata-revista-national-geographic-nu-va-mai-aparea-in-tara-noastra">"Cel puțin deocamdată, revista National Geographic nu va mai apărea în țara noastră – Revista National Geographic Romania"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629184600/https://www.natgeotv.com/ro">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cel+pu%C8%9Bin+deocamdat%C4%83%2C+revista+National+Geographic+nu+va+mai+ap%C4%83rea+%C3%AEn+%C8%9Bara+noastr%C4%83+%E2%80%93+Revista+National+Geographic+Romania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.natgeo.ro%2Farticole%2Fromania%2Flocuri-si-oameni-ro%2F39907-cel-putin-deocamdata-revista-national-geographic-nu-va-mai-aparea-in-tara-noastra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wolf-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wolf_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFwolf.admin2022" class="citation magazine cs1">wolf.admin (August 15, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wolfmagazine.co.uk/national-geographic-magazine/">"National Geographic Magazine: History"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wolf_(magazine)" title="The Wolf (magazine)">The Wolf</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/U.K." class="mw-redirect" title="U.K.">U.K.</a><span class="reference-accessdate"> Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wolf&rft.atitle=National+Geographic+Magazine%3A+History&rft.date=2022-08-15&rft.au=wolf.admin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwolfmagazine.co.uk%2Fnational-geographic-magazine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MK-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MK_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240410031638/https://www.mk.ru/politics/2022/04/14/russkoyazychnyy-sayt-national-geographic-obyavil-o-zakrytii.html">"Russian-language website National Geographic announces closure"</a>. April 14, 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mk.ru/politics/2022/04/14/russkoyazychnyy-sayt-national-geographic-obyavil-o-zakrytii.html">the original</a> on April 10, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=huffingtonpost.co.uk.com&rft.atitle=National+Geographic+Society+Celebrates+125+Years+Of+World+Exploration+And+Stunning+Photography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.co.uk%2F2013%2F01%2F13%2Fnational-geographic-125th-anniversary_n_2467070.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gula-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gula_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrochlic2017" class="citation web cs1">Strochlic, Nina (December 12, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230604021104/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/pages/article/afghan-girl-home-afghanistan">"Famed 'Afghan Girl' Finally Gets a Home"</a>. <i>nationalgeographic.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nationalgeographic.com&rft.atitle=Famed+%27Afghan+Girl%27+Finally+Gets+a+Home&rft.date=2017-12-12&rft.aulast=Strochlic&rft.aufirst=Nina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fpages%2Farticle%2Fafghan-girl-home-afghanistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-june-85-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-june-85_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenker1985" class="citation magazine cs1">Denker, Debra (June 1985). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nationalgeographic.com/national-geographic/1985-jun/flipbook/CV1/">"Along Afghanistan's War-torn Frontier"</a></span>. <i>National Geographic</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Famed+%27Afghan+Girl%27+Finally+Gets+a+Home&rft.date=2021-11-26&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F11%2F26%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fafghan-girl-national-geographic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-all-digital1-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-all-digital1_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2019" class="citation web cs1">Harris, Mark Edward (April 4, 2019). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitalphotopro.com/profiles/master-storyteller-photographer-joe-mcnally/">"Master Storyteller: Photographer Joe McNally"</a></span>. <i>digitalphotopro.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=digitalphotopro.com&rft.atitle=Master+Storyteller%3A+Photographer+Joe+McNally&rft.date=2019-04-04&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Mark+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalphotopro.com%2Fprofiles%2Fmaster-storyteller-photographer-joe-mcnally%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-all-digital2-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-all-digital2_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlesius2003" class="citation magazine cs1">Klesius, Michael (December 2003). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nationalgeographic.com/national-geographic/2003-dec/flipbook/2/">"The Future of Flying"</a></span>. <i>National Geographic</i>. Vol. 204, no. 6. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=The+Future+of+Flying&rft.volume=204&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2003-12&rft.aulast=Klesius&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnational-geographic%2F2003-dec%2Fflipbook%2F2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-first-photo-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-first-photo_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgden1889" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Gouverneur_Ogden" title="Herbert Gouverneur Ogden">Ogden, Herbert G.</a> (April 1889). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nationalgeographic.com/national-geographic/1889-apr/flipbook/124/">"Africa, Its Past and Future"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_National_Geographic_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="The National Geographic Magazine">The National Geographic Magazine</a></i>. 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Ogden</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-cdrom-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes-cdrom_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/09/circuits/articles/30libe-ngeo.html">"National Geographic Maps"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. September 30, 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230423092335/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/09/circuits/articles/30libe-ngeo.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=National+Geographic+Maps&rft.date=1999-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flibrary%2Ftech%2F99%2F09%2Fcircuits%2Farticles%2F30libe-ngeo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-first-fold-out-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-first-fold-out_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillis1889" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bailey_Willis" title="Bailey Willis">Willis, Bailey</a> (October 1889). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nationalgeographic.com/national-geographic/1889-oct/flipbook/290/">"Roundabout Asheville"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_National_Geographic_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="The National Geographic Magazine">The National Geographic Magazine</a></i>. Vol. 1, no. 4. p. 291.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+National+Geographic+Magazine&rft.atitle=Roundabout+Asheville&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=291&rft.date=1889-10&rft.aulast=Willis&rft.aufirst=Bailey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnational-geographic%2F1889-oct%2Fflipbook%2F290%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span> Illustration by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Gouverneur_Ogden" title="Herbert Gouverneur Ogden">Herbert G. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=brandfolder.com&rft.atitle=Evolving+one+of+the+world%27s+most+iconic%2C+recognizable+brands%3A+National+Geographic&rft.date=2018-01&rft.aulast=Beatty&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrandfolder.com%2Finterviews%2Fnational-geographic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-titles-cover-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-titles-cover_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nationalgeographic.com/national-geographic/1896-jan/flipbook/CV1/">"The National Geographic Magazine"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_National_Geographic_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="The National Geographic Magazine">The National Geographic Magazine</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ucreative.com&rft.atitle=National+Geographic&rft.aulast=Rosanes&rft.aufirst=Kerby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucreative.com%2Farticles%2Fyou-be-inspired-design-evolution-of-national-geographic-magazine-covers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-design-change-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-design-change_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nationalgeographic.com/national-geographic/1910-feb/flipbook/CV1/">"The National Geographic Magazine"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_National_Geographic_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="The National Geographic Magazine">The National Geographic Magazine</a></i>. 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December 1959. p. Cover.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=National+Geographic&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=Cover&rft.date=1959-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnational-geographic%2F1959-dec%2Fflipbook%2FCV1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_noteC"><a href="#endnote_noteC">c</a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-typesupply-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-typesupply_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-typesupply_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeming" class="citation web cs1">Leming, Tal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://typesupply.com/portfolio/national-geographic-nameplate">"National Geographic Nameplate"</a>. <i>typesupply.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230418192827/https://typesupply.com/portfolio/national-geographic-nameplate">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=typesupply.com&rft.atitle=National+Geographic+Nameplate&rft.aulast=Leming&rft.aufirst=Tal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftypesupply.com%2Fportfolio%2Fnational-geographic-nameplate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jan-62-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jan-62_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nationalgeographic.com/national-geographic/1962-jan/flipbook/CV1/">"Various titles"</a></span>. <i>National Geographic</i>. Vol. 121, no. 1. January 1962. p. Cover.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Various+titles&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=Cover&rft.date=1962-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnational-geographic%2F1962-jan%2Fflipbook%2FCV1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sept-79-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sept-79_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nationalgeographic.com/national-geographic/1979-sep/flipbook/CV1/">"Various titles"</a></span>. <i>National Geographic</i>. Vol. 156, no. 3. 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August 4, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+Society&rft.atitle=National+Geographic%2C+Korea%2C+and+the+38th+Parallel&rft.date=2013-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2F130805-korean-war-dmz-armistice-38-parallel-geography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-space1-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-space1_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230602230948/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/nat-geo-at-125-travel-firsts">"Nat Geo at 125: Travel Touchstones"</a>. <i>nationalgeographic.com</i>. National Geographic. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/nat-geo-at-125-travel-firsts">the original</a> on June 2, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nationalgeographic.com&rft.atitle=Nat+Geo+at+125%3A+Travel+Touchstones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2Fnat-geo-at-125-travel-firsts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-race-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-race_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg2018" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Goldberg" title="Susan Goldberg">Goldberg, Susan</a> (March 12, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230421074514/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/from-the-editor-race-racism-history">"For Decades, Our Coverage Was Racist. To Rise Above Our Past, We Must Acknowledge It"</a>. <i>nationalgeographic.com</i>. National Geographic. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/from-the-editor-race-racism-history">the original</a> on April 21, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nationalgeographic.com&rft.atitle=For+Decades%2C+Our+Coverage+Was+Racist.+To+Rise+Above+Our+Past%2C+We+Must+Acknowledge+It&rft.date=2018-03-12&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2Ffrom-the-editor-race-racism-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newyorktimes1-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newyorktimes1_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel2018" class="citation news cs1">Daniel, Victor (March 13, 2018). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/13/business/media/national-geographic-race.html">"National Geographic Acknowledges Its Racist Past Coverage"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201221133400/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/13/business/media/national-geographic-race.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 21, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=National+Geographic+Acknowledges+Its+Racist+Past+Coverage&rft.date=2018-03-13&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F03%2F13%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fnational-geographic-race.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stewart-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stewart_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230402092731/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/national-geographic-magazine-50-years-of-covers">"July 1959-First Photograph Appears on the Cover"</a>. <i>nationalgeographic.com</i>. National Geographic. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/national-geographic-magazine-50-years-of-covers">the original</a> on April 2, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nationalgeographic.com&rft.atitle=July+1959-First+Photograph+Appears+on+the+Cover&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2Fnational-geographic-magazine-50-years-of-covers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geographic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Stephanie L. Hawkins, <i>American Iconographic: "National Geographic," Global Culture, and the Visual Imagination</i>, University of Virginia Press, 2010, 264 pages. A scholarly study of the magazine's rise as a cultural institution that uses the letters of its founders and its readers; argues that <i>National Geographic</i> encouraged readers to question Western values and identify with others. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8139-2966-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8139-2966-8">978-0-8139-2966-8</a></li> <li>Catherine A. Lutz and Jane L. Collins. <i>Reading National Geographic.</i> Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1993. A foundational work in the field of <a href="/wiki/Visual_anthropology" title="Visual anthropology">visual anthropology</a>. In 1915, Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor announced seven principles which would guide <i>National Geographic</i>. These included a call for absolute accuracy and objective reporting of important issues. Nothing controversial or partisan would be included. The emphasis would be on the photographs themselves.</li> <li>Robert M. Poole, <i>Explorers House: National Geographic and the World it Made</i>, 2004; reprint, Penguin Press, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303593-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303593-0">978-0-14-303593-0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Geographic&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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aria-labelledby="National_Geographic_Society" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Geographic" title="Template:National Geographic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Geographic" title="Template talk:National Geographic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Geographic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Geographic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Geographic_Society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_M._Grosvenor" title="Gilbert M. Grosvenor">Gilbert M. Grosvenor</a>, Chairman Emeritus (since 2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Case" title="Jean Case">Jean Case</a>, Chairman (since 2016)</li> <li>Tracy Wolstencroft, president and CEO (since 2018)</li> <li>Michael Ulica, president and COO (since 2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Alvarez" title="Stephen Alvarez">Stephen Alvarez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Bishop_(mountaineer)" title="Barry Bishop (mountaineer)">Barry Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Goldberg" title="Susan Goldberg">Susan Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hovey_Grosvenor" title="Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor">Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_M._Grosvenor" title="Gilbert M. Grosvenor">Gilbert M. Grosvenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Bell_Grosvenor" title="Melville Bell Grosvenor">Melville Bell Grosvenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Greene_Hubbard" title="Gardiner Greene Hubbard">Gardiner Greene Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Johns_(photographer)" title="Chris Johns (photographer)">Chris Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Mitchell_(editor)" title="John G. Mitchell (editor)">John G. Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Shelley" title="Mark Shelley">Mark Shelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Verano" title="John Verano">John Verano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_T._Kelly" title="Tim T. Kelly">Tim T. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Fahey_Jr." title="John M. Fahey Jr.">John M. Fahey Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Natgeologo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Natgeologo.svg/100px-Natgeologo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Natgeologo.svg/150px-Natgeologo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Natgeologo.svg/200px-Natgeologo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="294" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Geographic_Partners" title="Template:National Geographic Partners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:National_Geographic_Partners&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:National Geographic Partners (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Geographic_Partners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Geographic Partners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Geographic_Partners" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Partners" title="National Geographic Partners">National Geographic Partners</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>A joint venture between <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a> (73%) and the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a> (27%)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Geographic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Adventure_(magazine)" title="National Geographic Adventure (magazine)">National Geographic Adventure</a></i> (defunct)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Traveler" title="National Geographic Traveler">National Geographic Traveler</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Kids" title="National Geographic Kids">National Geographic Kids</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Global_Networks" title="National Geographic Global Networks">Television<br />channels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>National Geographic</li> <li>Nat Geo Kids</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Geo_Music" title="Nat Geo Music">Nat Geo Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Geo_People" title="Nat Geo People">Nat Geo People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Geo_Wild" title="Nat Geo Wild">Nat Geo Wild</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>National Geographic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Abu_Dhabi" title="National Geographic Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (Asia)">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(Australia_and_New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (Australia and New Zealand)">Australia and New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (Canada)">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Channel_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Channel (France)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(German_TV_channel)" title="National Geographic (German TV channel)">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(Dutch_TV_channel)" title="National Geographic (Dutch TV channel)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (Portugal)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Channel_(Scandinavia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Channel (Scandinavia)">Scandinavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(UK_and_Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (UK and Ireland)">UK and Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(American_TV_channel)" title="National Geographic (American TV channel)">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(Latin_American_TV_channel)" title="National Geographic (Latin American TV channel)">Latin America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Geo_Wild" title="Nat Geo Wild">Nat Geo Wild</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Geo_Wild_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nat Geo Wild (Canada)">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Geo_Wild_(European_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nat Geo Wild (European TV channel)">Europe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>National Geographic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Farsi" title="National Geographic Farsi">Farsi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nat Geo Kids <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Geo_Kids_Abu_Dhabi" title="Nat Geo Kids Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Geo_Kids_(Latin_American_TV_channel)" title="Nat Geo Kids (Latin American TV channel)">Latin America</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Bee" title="National Geographic Bee">Bee</a> (geography competition)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Endeavour" title="National Geographic Endeavour">Endeavour</a></i> (ship)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greenberg_v._National_Geographic" title="Greenberg v. National Geographic">Greenberg v. National Geographic</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubbard_Medal" title="Hubbard Medal">Hubbard Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Image_Collection" title="National Geographic Image Collection">Image Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Maps" title="National Geographic Maps">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society_%E2%80%93_Palomar_Observatory_Sky_Survey" title="National Geographic Society – Palomar Observatory Sky Survey">Palomar Observatory Sky Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_World_Championship" title="National Geographic World Championship">World Championship</a> (geography competition; on hiatus)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_National_Geographic_cover_stories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NatGeo_covers" title="Template:NatGeo covers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NatGeo_covers" title="Template talk:NatGeo covers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NatGeo_covers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NatGeo covers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_National_Geographic_cover_stories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Geographic_cover_stories" title="List of National Geographic cover stories">List of <i>National Geographic</i> cover stories</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Decade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Geographic_cover_stories_(1959_and_1960s)" title="List of National Geographic cover stories (1959 and 1960s)">1959 and 1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Geographic_cover_stories_(1970s)" title="List of National Geographic cover stories (1970s)">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Geographic_cover_stories_(1980s)" title="List of National Geographic cover stories (1980s)">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Geographic_cover_stories_(1990s)" title="List of National Geographic cover stories (1990s)">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Geographic_cover_stories_(2000s)" title="List of National Geographic cover stories (2000s)">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Geographic_cover_stories_(2010s)" title="List of National Geographic cover stories (2010s)">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Geographic_cover_stories_(2020s)" title="List of National Geographic cover stories (2020s)">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Geographic_Society_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Geographic_Society_logo.svg/100px-National_Geographic_Society_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Geographic_Society_logo.svg/150px-National_Geographic_Society_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Geographic_Society_logo.svg/200px-National_Geographic_Society_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="379" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Geographic</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link 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title="Disney English">Disney English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Press" title="Marvel Press">Marvel Press</a> (Marvel joint)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Partners#NG_Media" title="National Geographic Partners">NG Media</a> (70%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disney_Interactive" title="Disney Interactive">Games and<br />interactive experiences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>DCPI Labs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Interactive_Studios" title="Disney Interactive Studios">Disney Interactive Studios</a> (defunct) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Disney_Interactive_Studios_games" title="List of Disney Interactive Studios games">video games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Mobile" title="Disney Mobile">Disney Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playdom" title="Playdom">Playdom</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FoxNext" title="FoxNext">FoxNext</a> (defunct)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D23_(Disney)" title="D23 (Disney)">D23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_comics" title="Disney comics">Disney comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Tsum_Tsum" title="Disney Tsum Tsum">Disney Tsum Tsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Vault" title="Disney Vault">Disney Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Entertainment" title="Marvel Entertainment">Marvel Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinylmation" title="Vinylmation">Vinylmation</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Blank:_A_Vinylmation_Love_Story" title="Blank: A Vinylmation Love Story">Blank: A Vinylmation Love Story</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Experiences" title="Disney Experiences">Disney Experiences</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Disney_franchises" title="Template:Disney franchises">Disney franchises</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/186682798">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4335285-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n00047605">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12515607s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12515607s">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001198826">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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