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Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1_(%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3)" title="يحمور (جنس) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يحمور (جنس)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BCy%C3%BCr" title="Cüyür – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cüyür" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1" title="جویور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جویور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Ҡоралай – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡоралай" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Казулі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Казулі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Сърни – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сърни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capreolus" title="Capreolus – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Capreolus" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capreolus" title="Capreolus – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Capreolus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capreolus" title="Capreolus – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Capreolus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capreolus" title="Capreolus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Capreolus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7_(%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="شوکا (سرده) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شوکا (سرده)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capreolus" title="Capreolus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Capreolus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%A3%A8%EC%86%8D" title="노루속 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노루속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capreolus" title="Capreolus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Capreolus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%9A" title="אייל הסבך – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אייל הסבך" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="შველი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შველი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarna" title="Sarna – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Sarna" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faldol_(Capreolus)" title="Faldol (Capreolus) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Faldol (Capreolus)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capreolus" title="Capreolus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Capreolus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirnas" title="Stirnas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Stirnas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%90zek" title="Őzek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Őzek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1_(%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="يحمور (جنس من الثدييات) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يحمور (جنس من الثدييات)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capreolus" title="Capreolus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Capreolus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ree%C3%ABn" title="Reeën – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Reeën" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%AD%E5%B1%9E" title="ノロ属 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノロ属" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reen" title="Reen – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Reen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasiske_r%C3%A5dyr" title="Eurasiske rådyr – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Eurasiske rådyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarna" title="Sarna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sarna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capreolus" title="Capreolus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Capreolus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Косули – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Косули" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srnec" title="Srnec – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Srnec" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capreolus" title="Capreolus – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Capreolus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Сарна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сарна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%D9%84%D9%89%D9%83" title="ئېلىك – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېلىك" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capreolus" title="Capreolus – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Capreolus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capreolus" title="Capreolus – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Capreolus" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capreolus" title="Capreolus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Capreolus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%8D%E5%B1%AC" title="狍屬 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="狍屬" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1043583#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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consider expanding the lead to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Provide_an_accessible_overview" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">provide an accessible overview</a> of all important aspects of the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><i>Capreolus</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Capreolus_capreolus_2_Jojo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Capreolus_capreolus_2_Jojo.jpg/220px-Capreolus_capreolus_2_Jojo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Capreolus_capreolus_2_Jojo.jpg/330px-Capreolus_capreolus_2_Jojo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Capreolus_capreolus_2_Jojo.jpg/440px-Capreolus_capreolus_2_Jojo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1251" data-file-height="722" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">A male and a female <a href="/wiki/European_roe_deer" class="mw-redirect" title="European roe deer">European roe deer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Capreolus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Artiodactyl" title="Artiodactyl">Artiodactyla</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">Cervidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Capreolinae" title="Capreolinae">Capreolinae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tribe: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Capreolini" title="Capreolini">Capreolini</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Capreolus</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Gray" title="John Edward Gray">Gray</a>, 1821</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">Type species</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><i><a href="/wiki/Roe_deer" title="Roe deer">Cervus capreolus</a></i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae" title="10th edition of Systema Naturae">1758</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Species </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Roe_deer" title="Roe deer">Capreolus capreolus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siberian_roe_deer" title="Siberian roe deer">Capreolus pygargus</a></i></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_roe_deer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Young_roe_deer.jpg/220px-Young_roe_deer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Young_roe_deer.jpg/330px-Young_roe_deer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Young_roe_deer.jpg/440px-Young_roe_deer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Young roe deer</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Capreolus</b></i> is a genus of deer, the roe deer. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capreolus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>English <i>roe</i> is from <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <i>ra</i> or <i>rá</i>, from <i>raha</i>, from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Germanic">Proto-Germanic</a> <span title="Proto-Germanic-language text">*<i lang="gem">raikhaz</i></span>, cognate to <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> <i>ra</i>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Saxon" title="Old Saxon">Old Saxon</a> <i>reho</i>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_Dutch" title="Middle Dutch">Middle Dutch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> <i>ree</i>, <a href="/wiki/Old_High_German" title="Old High German">Old High German</a> <i>reh</i>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> <i>Reh</i>. It is perhaps ultimately derived from a <a href="/wiki/PIE" class="mw-redirect" title="PIE">PIE</a> root <i>*rei-</i>, meaning "streaked, spotted or striped".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word is attested on the 5th-century <a href="/wiki/Caistor-by-Norwich_astragalus" title="Caistor-by-Norwich astragalus">Caistor-by-Norwich astragalus</a> -a roe deer <a href="/wiki/Talus_bone" title="Talus bone">talus bone</a>, written in <a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a> as <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227795492">.mw-parser-output .script-runic{font-family:"BabelStone Runic","FreeMono",Junicode,Code2000,Hnias,"Noto Sans Runic","San Francisco","New York"}</style><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="">ᚱᚨᛇᚺᚨᚾ</span>, transliterated as <i>raïhan</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the English language this animal was originally simply called a 'roe', but over time the word 'roe' has become a qualifier and the creature is now usually called a 'roe deer'.<sup id="cite_ref-Lister1998_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lister1998-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Koin%C3%A9_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Koiné Greek">Koiné Greek</a> name <i>πύγαργος</i>, transliterated '<a href="/wiki/Pygarg" title="Pygarg">pygargos</a>', mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> and the works of various writers such as <a href="/wiki/Hesychius_of_Alexandria" title="Hesychius of Alexandria">Hesychius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was originally thought to refer to this species (in many European translations of the Bible), although it is now more often believed to refer to the <a href="/wiki/Addax" title="Addax">addax</a>. It is derived from the words <i>[[[wikt:πυγή|pyge]]] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 8) (<a href="/wiki/Category:Transliteration_template_errors" title="Category:Transliteration template errors">help</a>)</span></i> 'buttocks' and <i>[[[wikt:ἀργός|argo]]] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 8) (<a href="/wiki/Category:Transliteration_template_errors" title="Category:Transliteration template errors">help</a>)</span></i> 'white'. </p><p>The taxonomic name <i>Capreolus</i> is derived from <i>capra</i> or <i>caprea</i>, meaning 'billy goat', with the diminutive suffix -<i>olus</i>. The meaning of this word in <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> is not entirely clear: it may have meant '<a href="/wiki/Ibex" title="Ibex">ibex</a>' or '<a href="/wiki/Chamois" title="Chamois">chamois</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The roe deer was also known as <i>capraginus</i> or <i>capruginus</i> in Latin.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systematics">Systematics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capreolus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Systematics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roe deer are most closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Water_deer" title="Water deer">water deer</a>, and, counterintuitively, the three species in this group, called the Capreolini, are most closely related to <a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">moose</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Heckeberg2020_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heckeberg2020-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although roe deer were once classified as belonging to the Cervinae <a href="/wiki/Subfamily" title="Subfamily">subfamily</a>, they are now classified as part of the Odocoileinae, which includes the deer from the New World.<sup id="cite_ref-Hewison2001_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hewison2001-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Palaeontology">Palaeontology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capreolus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Palaeontology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roe deer are thought to have evolved from a species in the Eurasian genus <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procapreolus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procapreolus (page does not exist)">Procapreolus</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Heckeberg2020_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heckeberg2020-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Valli2010_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valli2010-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with some 10 species occurring from the <a href="/wiki/Late_Miocene" title="Late Miocene">Late Miocene</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Early_Pleistocene" title="Early Pleistocene">Early Pleistocene</a>, which moved from the east to Central Europe over the millennia, where <i>Procapreolus cusanus</i> occurred,<sup id="cite_ref-Valli2010_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valli2010-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also classified as <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capreolus_cusanus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capreolus cusanus (page does not exist)">Capreolus cusanus</a></i>. It may not have evolved from <i>C. cusanus</i>, however, because the two extant species split from each other 1.375 and 2.75 Myr ago,<sup id="cite_ref-Petrosian2002_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petrosian2002-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the western species first appeared in Europe 600 thousand years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Sommer2008_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sommer2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Siberian roe deer had split into two subspecies, <i>C. pygargus pygargus</i> and <i>C. pygargus tianschanicus</i> in the interval between 229 and 462.3 thousand years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Petrosian2002_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petrosian2002-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The distribution of the European species has fluctuated often since entering Europe. During some periods during the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Period" title="Last Glacial Period">Last Glacial Period</a> it was present in central Europe, but during the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Maximum" title="Last Glacial Maximum">Last Glacial Maximum</a> it retreated to <a href="/wiki/Refugium_(population_biology)" title="Refugium (population biology)">refugia</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> (two refugia here), <a href="/wiki/Southern_France" title="Southern France">Southern France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> (likely two), the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Carpathians" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathians">Carpathians</a>. When the last ice age ended, the species initially abruptly expanded north of the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> to Germany during the <a href="/wiki/Stadial" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadial">Greenland Interstadial</a>, 12.5–10.8 thousand years ago. During the cooling of the <a href="/wiki/Younger_Dryas" title="Younger Dryas">Younger Dryas</a>, 10.8–10 thousand years ago, the species appears to have disappeared again from this region. It reappeared 9.7–9.5 thousand years ago, reaching northern central Europe. The modern population in this area appears to have recolonised it from the Carpathians and/or further east, but not the Balkans or other refugia. This is opposite to the <a href="/wiki/Red_deer" title="Red deer">red deer</a>, which recolonised Europe from Iberia. There has been much admixture of these populations where they meet, also possibly due to human intervention in some cases.<sup id="cite_ref-Sommer2008_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sommer2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had become a very common species by the <a href="/wiki/Late_Neolithic" title="Late Neolithic">Late Neolithic</a>, as farming by humans spread across the continent, which modified the environment so that more open <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a> was created from the woodland, which advantaged the creatures.<sup id="cite_ref-Boyle2006_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyle2006-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Species">Species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capreolus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are at least two extant species: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:75%;text-align:center"> <caption style="background-color: #BBBBFF">Genus <i><b>Capreolus </b></i> – <small><a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Gray" title="John Edward Gray">Gray</a>, 1821</small> – two species </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:15%; min-width:180px;">Common name </th> <th scope="col" style="width:25%;">Scientific name and subspecies </th> <th scope="col" style="width:15%; min-width:180px;">Range </th> <th scope="col" style="width:29%;">Size and ecology </th> <th scope="col" style="width:16%; min-width:112px;">IUCN status and estimated population </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">European roe deer <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capreolus_(js)11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Capreolus_%28js%2911.jpg/180px-Capreolus_%28js%2911.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Capreolus_%28js%2911.jpg/270px-Capreolus_%28js%2911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Capreolus_%28js%2911.jpg/360px-Capreolus_%28js%2911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1133" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span><br />Male<br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chevrette_(51289788773).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="{{{image-alt2}}}" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Chevrette_%2851289788773%29.jpg/180px-Chevrette_%2851289788773%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Chevrette_%2851289788773%29.jpg/270px-Chevrette_%2851289788773%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Chevrette_%2851289788773%29.jpg/360px-Chevrette_%2851289788773%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4600" data-file-height="3067" /></a></span><br />Female </p> </th> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Roe_deer" title="Roe deer">Capreolus capreolus</a></i> <br /><small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> <br /><br /><div style="font-size:85%;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Four subspecies</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Capreolus capreolus capreolus</i> <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Capreolus capreolus canus</i> <small><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Smith_Miller_Jr." title="Gerrit Smith Miller Jr.">Miller</a>, 1910</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Capreolus capreolus caucasicus</i> <small>Nikolay Yakovlevich Dinnik, 1910</small><sup id="cite_ref-Lister1998_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lister1998-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Capreolus capreolus italicus</i> <small>Enrico Festa, 1925</small> </li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td>Scotland south to the Mediterranean and east to Iran and the Caucasus.<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capreolus-capreolus-map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of range" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Capreolus-capreolus-map.png/180px-Capreolus-capreolus-map.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Capreolus-capreolus-map.png/270px-Capreolus-capreolus-map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Capreolus-capreolus-map.png 2x" data-file-width="351" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><i>Size</i>: <br /><br /><i>Habitat</i>: <br /><br /><i>Diet</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Least-concern_species" title="Least-concern species"><b><span style="background: #006666;padding: 2px; color: #FFFFFF"> LC </span></b></a> <p><br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Siberian roe deer <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paozikun530.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Paozikun530.jpg/180px-Paozikun530.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Paozikun530.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="233" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><br />Male<br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="{{{image-alt2}}}" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F_1.JPG/180px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F_1.JPG/270px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F_1.JPG/360px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1437" data-file-height="1089" /></a></span><br />Female </p> </th> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Siberian_roe_deer" title="Siberian roe deer">Capreolus pygargus</a></i> <br /><small>(Pallas, 1771)</small> <br /><br /><div style="font-size:85%;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Two subspecies</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>C. p. pygargus</i> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>C. p. tianschanicus</i> </li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td>Urals south to the Caucasus and east to Manchuria.<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leefgebied_ree.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of range" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Leefgebied_ree.JPG/180px-Leefgebied_ree.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Leefgebied_ree.JPG/270px-Leefgebied_ree.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Leefgebied_ree.JPG 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="167" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><i>Size</i>: <br /><br /><i>Habitat</i>: <br /><br /><i>Diet</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Least-concern_species" title="Least-concern species"><b><span style="background: #006666;padding: 2px; color: #FFFFFF"> LC </span></b></a> <p><br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Both species have seen their populations increase, both around the 1930s. In recent times, since the 1960s,<sup id="cite_ref-Hewison2001_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hewison2001-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the two species have become <a href="/wiki/Sympatric" class="mw-redirect" title="Sympatric">sympatric</a> where their distributions meet, and there is now a broad 'hybridization zone' running from the right hand side of the Volga River up to eastern Poland. It is extremely difficult for hunters to know which species they have bagged.<sup id="cite_ref-Plakhina2014_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plakhina2014-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In line with <a href="/wiki/Haldane%27s_rule" title="Haldane's rule">Haldane's rule</a>, female hybrids of the two <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxa</a> are fertile while male hybrids are not.<sup id="cite_ref-Sommer2008_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sommer2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stubbe1979_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stubbe1979-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hybrids are much larger than normal and a <a href="/wiki/Cesarean_section" class="mw-redirect" title="Cesarean section">cesarean section</a> was sometimes needed to birth the fawns, becoming larger than their mothers at the age of 4–5 months. F1 hybrid males may be sterile, but backcrosses with the females is possible.<sup id="cite_ref-Stubbe1979_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stubbe1979-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>22% of the animals around <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> carry the mtDNA of the European roe deer and 78% of the Siberian. In the Volgograd region the European deer predominates.<sup id="cite_ref-Plakhina2014_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plakhina2014-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Stavropol and Dnepropetrovsk regions of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> most of the roe are Siberian.<sup id="cite_ref-Plakhina2014_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plakhina2014-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In northeastern <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> there is also evidence of <a href="/wiki/Introgression" title="Introgression">introgression</a> with the Siberian deer, which was likely <a href="/wiki/Introduced_species" title="Introduced species">introduced</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some cases, such as around Moscow, former introductions of European stock is likely responsible.<sup id="cite_ref-Plakhina2014_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plakhina2014-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is thought that during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> the two species were kept apart due to hunting pressure and an abundance of predators, the different populations may have met in the period before that, but during the Ice Age they were also kept apart.<sup id="cite_ref-Hewison2001_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hewison2001-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capreolus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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Oxford: Oxbow Books. pp. 10–23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84217-214-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84217-214-8"><bdi>978-1-84217-214-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Roe+Deer%3A+Conservation+of+a+Native+Species&rft.btitle=Neolithic+wild+game+animals+in+Western+Europe%3A+The+question+of+hunting&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=10-23&rft.pub=Oxbow+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84217-214-8&rft.aulast=Boyle&rft.aufirst=K.+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapreolus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Plakhina2014-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Plakhina2014_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Plakhina2014_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Plakhina2014_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Plakhina2014_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlakhinaZvychainayaKholodovaDanilkin2014" class="citation journal cs1">Plakhina, Daria Aleksandrovna; Zvychainaya, E. Yu.; Kholodova, Marina Vladimirovna; Danilkin, Alexey (July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272038191">"Identification of European (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i> L.) and Siberian (<i>C. pygargus</i> Pall.) roe deer hybrids by microsatellite marker analysis"</a>. <i>Russian Journal of Genetics</i>. <b>50</b> (7): 757–762. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1134%2FS1022795414070151">10.1134/S1022795414070151</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25720144">25720144</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7659420">7659420</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Russian+Journal+of+Genetics&rft.atitle=Identification+of+European+%28Capreolus+capreolus+L.%29+and+Siberian+%28C.+pygargus+Pall.%29+roe+deer+hybrids+by+microsatellite+marker+analysis&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=757-762&rft.date=2014-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A7659420%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25720144&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1134%2FS1022795414070151&rft.aulast=Plakhina&rft.aufirst=Daria+Aleksandrovna&rft.au=Zvychainaya%2C+E.+Yu.&rft.au=Kholodova%2C+Marina+Vladimirovna&rft.au=Danilkin%2C+Alexey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F272038191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapreolus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stubbe1979-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stubbe1979_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stubbe1979_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStubbeBrukhgol'ts1979" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Stubbe, H.; Brukhgol'ts, Z. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurekamag.com/research/005/428/005428378.php">"[Experiments of hybridization of the roe and tartarian deer <i>Capreolus capreolus capreolus</i> x <i>Capreolus capreolus pygargus</i>]"</a>. <i>Zoologicheskiĭ Zhurnal</i> (in Russian). <b>58</b> (9): 1398–1403<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zoologicheski%C4%AD+Zhurnal&rft.atitle=%5BExperiments+of+hybridization+of+the+roe+and+tartarian+deer+Capreolus+capreolus+capreolus+x+Capreolus+capreolus+pygargus%5D&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1398-1403&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Stubbe&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Brukhgol%27ts%2C+Z.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurekamag.com%2Fresearch%2F005%2F428%2F005428378.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapreolus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanilkinPlakhinaZvychaynayaDomnich2017" class="citation journal cs1">Danilkin, Alexey; Plakhina, Daria Aleksandrovna; Zvychaynaya, E. Y.; Domnich, A. V. (November 2017). "Siberian Roe Deer (<i>Capreolus pygargus</i> Pallas, 1771) in Ukraine: Analysis of the Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA". <i>Biology Bulletin</i>. <b>44</b> (6): 575–583. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1134%2FS106235901706005X">10.1134/S106235901706005X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3542209">3542209</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Siberian+Roe+Deer+%28Capreolus+pygargus+Pallas%2C+1771%29+in+Ukraine%3A+Analysis+of+the+Mitochondrial+and+Nuclear+DNA&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=575-583&rft.date=2017-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1134%2FS106235901706005X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A3542209%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Danilkin&rft.aufirst=Alexey&rft.au=Plakhina%2C+Daria+Aleksandrovna&rft.au=Zvychaynaya%2C+E.+Y.&rft.au=Domnich%2C+A.+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapreolus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlano-MarinPlisSönnichsenBorowik2014" class="citation journal cs1">Olano-Marin, Juanita; Plis, Kamila; Sönnichsen, Leif; Borowik, Tomasz; Niedziałkowska, Magdalena; Jędrzejewska, Bogumiła (1 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4182808">"Weak Population Structure in European Roe Deer (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i>) and Evidence of Introgressive Hybridization with Siberian Roe Deer (<i>C. pygargus</i>) in Northeastern Poland"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>9</b> (10): e109147. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PLoSO...9j9147O">2014PLoSO...9j9147O</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0109147">10.1371/journal.pone.0109147</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4182808">4182808</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25271423">25271423</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Weak+Population+Structure+in+European+Roe+Deer+%28Capreolus+capreolus%29+and+Evidence+of+Introgressive+Hybridization+with+Siberian+Roe+Deer+%28C.+pygargus%29+in+Northeastern+Poland&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=e109147&rft.date=2014-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4182808%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25271423&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0109147&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014PLoSO...9j9147O&rft.aulast=Olano-Marin&rft.aufirst=Juanita&rft.au=Plis%2C+Kamila&rft.au=S%C3%B6nnichsen%2C+Leif&rft.au=Borowik%2C+Tomasz&rft.au=Niedzia%C5%82kowska%2C+Magdalena&rft.au=J%C4%99drzejewska%2C+Bogumi%C5%82a&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4182808&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapreolus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capreolus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Capreolus" class="extiw" 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.navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Capreolus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1043583" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q1043583">Q1043583</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Capreolus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Capreolus">Capreolus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Capreolus/">Capreolus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=110923">110923</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3H5R">3H5R</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/15610">15610</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1CAPRG">1CAPRG</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:305257">305257</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/cf63afab-c41d-4878-a5e4-4481ec826d9d">cf63afab-c41d-4878-a5e4-4481ec826d9d</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2440927">2440927</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/42182">42182</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=624956">624956</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">MSW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=14200216">14200216</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NBNSYS0000131246">NBNSYS0000131246</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=9857">9857</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42660">42660</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox 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