CINXE.COM
Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology | Yale School of Public Health
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SpeakableSpecification"> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('consent', 'default', { 'ad_storage': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': 'denied' }); gtag('set', 'ads_data_redaction', true); </script> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-KZSPNFG');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=EDGE"/> <title>Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology | Yale School of Public Health</title> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://p.typekit.net"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://p.typekit.net"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://use.typekit.net"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://use.typekit.net"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.gstatic.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.gstatic.com"> <meta name="title" property="og:title" content="Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology | Yale School of Public Health" /> <meta itemprop="xpath" content="/html/head/meta[@property='og:title']/@content" /> <meta name="description" property="og:description" content="The mission of the Center is to promote the health of women and children through epidemiologic research investigating the impact of environmental, genetic and clinical factors on pregnancy, birth and childhood." /> <meta itemprop="xpath" content="/html/head/meta[@name='description']/@content" /> <meta property="publish-date" content="09/17/2024" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://ysph.yale.edu/cppee/" /> <meta name="site-name" property="og:site_name" content="Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology " /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology | Yale School of Public Health" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The mission of the Center is to promote the health of women and children through epidemiologic research investigating the impact of environmental, genetic and clinical factors on pregnancy, birth and childhood." /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="604142276782606" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ysph.yale.edu/cppee/"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/icons/ysph/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/icons/ysph/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/icons/ysph/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/web-manifests/ysph/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/icons/ysph/favicon.ico"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#1271e3"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/browser-configs/ysph/browserconfig.xml"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/yalenew-italic-webfront.woff2" as="font" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/yalenew-roman-webfont.woff2" as="font" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://use.typekit.net/eqf4dwf.css" as="style" crossorigin> <link data-chunk="main" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/main.2219cf4e0ca2819d1aa4.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-generic-content-components-GenericContent" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/5638.cf36be94623969fc674a.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-generic-content-components-GenericContent" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/4921.a21f3523d43359794828.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-banner-components-Banner" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/3877.11edc72b221a26075802.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-highlight-block-components-HighlightSmallBlock" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/4413.9201a6f82453dd0e771a.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="modules-footer-components-Footer" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/3053.6076590112c5b82bb4a4.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="modules-footer-components-Footer" rel="preload" as="style" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/3053.6076590112c5b82bb4a4.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-highlight-block-components-HighlightSmallBlock" rel="preload" as="style" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/4413.9201a6f82453dd0e771a.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-banner-components-Banner" rel="preload" as="style" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/3877.11edc72b221a26075802.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-generic-content-components-GenericContent" rel="preload" as="style" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/4921.a21f3523d43359794828.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-generic-content-components-GenericContent" rel="preload" as="style" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/5638.cf36be94623969fc674a.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="main" rel="preload" as="style" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/main.2219cf4e0ca2819d1aa4.css" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="main" rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/main.es2015.ff4738d7fae8cd594b64.js" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-generic-content-components-GenericContent" rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/6602.es2015.c65f3c1288139a7cc6e5.js" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-banner-components-Banner" rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/7651.es2015.df8b8aeaf41f78f2ec07.js" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-banner-components-Banner" rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/3877.es2015.4f746afe110108282a20.js" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="features-highlight-block-components-HighlightSmallBlock" rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/4413.es2015.6facd71d6f9bf8cd7ce8.js" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link data-chunk="modules-footer-components-Footer" rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/3053.es2015.359573b73638d4069b34.js" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <!-- Google tag (gtag.js) --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=AW-581060698"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } gtag('js', new Date()); </script> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <!-- Facebook Pixel Code --> <script type="text/plain" data-cookiecategory="advertising"> !function (f, b, e, v, n, t, s) { if (f.fbq) return; n = f.fbq = function () { n.callMethod ? n.callMethod.apply(n, arguments) : n.queue.push(arguments) }; if (!f._fbq) f._fbq = n; n.push = n; n.loaded = !0; n.version = '2.0'; n.queue = []; t = b.createElement(e); t.async = !0; t.src = v; s = b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t, s) }(window, document, 'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); </script> <noscript> <img alt="" height="1" width="1" style="display: none" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=785831198674143&ev=PageView&noscript=1"/> </noscript> <!-- End Facebook Pixel Code --> <script type="text/javascript"> (function (c, a) { if (!a.__SV) { var b = window; try { var d, m, j, k = b.location, f = k.hash; d = function (a, b) { return (m = a.match(RegExp(b + "=([^&]*)"))) ? m[1] : null }; f && d(f, "fpState") && (j = JSON.parse(decodeURIComponent(d(f, "fpState"))), "fpeditor" === j.action && (b.sessionStorage.setItem("_fpcehash", f), history.replaceState(j.desiredHash || "", c.title, k.pathname + k.search))) } catch (n) { } var l, h; window.freshpaint = a; a._i = []; a.init = function (b, d, g) { function c(b, i) { var a = i.split("."); 2 == a.length && (b = b[a[0]], i = a[1]); b[i] = function () { b.push([i].concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0))) } } var e = a; "undefined" !== typeof g ? e = a[g] = [] : g = "freshpaint"; e.people = e.people || []; e.toString = function (b) { var a = "freshpaint"; "freshpaint" !== g && (a += "." + g); b || (a += " (stub)"); return a }; e.people.toString = function () { return e.toString(1) + ".people (stub)" }; l = "disable time_event track track_pageview track_links track_forms track_with_groups add_group set_group remove_group register register_once alias unregister identify name_tag set_config reset opt_in_tracking opt_out_tracking has_opted_in_tracking has_opted_out_tracking clear_opt_in_out_tracking people.set people.set_once people.unset people.increment people.append people.union people.track_charge people.clear_charges people.delete_user people.remove people group page alias ready addEventProperties addInitialEventProperties removeEventProperty addPageviewProperties".split(" "); for (h = 0; h < l.length; h++)c(e, l[h]); var f = "set set_once union unset remove delete".split(" "); e.get_group = function () { function a(c) { b[c] = function () { call2_args = arguments; call2 = [c].concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(call2_args, 0)); e.push([d, call2]) } } for (var b = {}, d = ["get_group"].concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 0)), c = 0; c < f.length; c++)a(f[c]); return b }; a._i.push([b, d, g]) }; a.__SV = 1.4; b = c.createElement("script"); b.type = "text/javascript"; b.async = !0; b.src = "undefined" !== typeof FRESHPAINT_CUSTOM_LIB_URL ? FRESHPAINT_CUSTOM_LIB_URL : "//perfalytics.com/static/js/freshpaint.js"; (d = c.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]) ? d.parentNode.insertBefore(b, d) : c.head.appendChild(b) } })(document, window.freshpaint || []); freshpaint.init("b6b4bb12-e8a3-48f7-a8ed-aa0be94fb272"); freshpaint.page(); </script> <script type="text/plain" data-cookiecategory="analytics"> (function (c, l, a, r, i, t, y) { c[a] = c[a] || function () { (c[a].q = c[a].q || []).push(arguments) }; t = l.createElement(r); t.async = 1; t.src = "https://www.clarity.ms/tag/" + i; y = l.getElementsByTagName(r)[0]; y.parentNode.insertBefore(t, y); })(window, document, "clarity", "script", "h8jhq78c9x"); </script> <script id="cms-page-metadata" type="text/template"> ********************************************** CMS Page ID: 19425 Last Published: 09/17/2024 11:40:54 ********************************************** </script> </head> <body tabindex="-1"> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript aria-hidden="true"> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KZSPNFG" height="0" width="0" style="display: none; visibility: hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <!--[if IE]> <div aria-hidden="true" class="outdated-browser-warning"> Your browser is antiquated and no longer supported on this website. Please update your browser or switch to Chrome, Firefox or Safari. <br/> You can update your IE here: <br/> <a class="outdated-browser-warning__link" href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/17621/internet-explorer-downloads">https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/17621/internet-explorer-downloads</a> </div> <![endif]--> <!--[if !IE]>--> <div id="app"><div class="page"><span role="navigation" aria-label="Skip to Main Content button"><a href="#page-container" class="skip-button skip-button--dark skip-to-main-content-button">Skip to Main Content</a></span><div class="base-page__header-container"><div class="base-header department-header"><div class="base-header__content"><div class="base-header__top-navigation-container"><div class="base-header__top-navigation"><nav class="base-header__top-navigation-links" aria-label="Information links"><a href="/" class="department-header__top-navigation-root-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xml:space="preserve" aria-label="Yale School of Public Health" viewBox="0 0 477.9 29.1" focusable="false" class="site-wordmark__icon site-wordmark__icon--mode-ysph department-header__logo-icon"><desc>Yale School of Public Health</desc><g fill="ysph-wordmark"><path d="m22.3 6.1-6.8 11.5v7.7c.8 1.9 2.8 2.1 4.7 2.2v1.1H6.8v-1.1c1.9-.1 4.2-.4 4.8-1.6v-8l-7-11.8C3.5 4.2 2.3 3.5 0 3.4V2.3h11.6v1.1c-2.2.1-2.9.5-3.5 1l6.5 11.2 6.3-11.1c-.7-.5-1.5-1-3.7-1.1V2.3h9.9v1.1c-2.2 0-3.6.8-4.8 2.7M35.9 29c-2.2 0-3.3-1.5-3.4-2.6-1.4 1.5-3.2 2.6-5 2.6-2.2 0-4.1-1.4-4.1-3.7 0-1.2.3-2.4.9-3.3l8.2-3v-3.1c0-1.9-.9-3.6-2.7-3.6-1.1 0-2.2 1.4-2.3 3.5l-3.7.6V16c1.2-3.7 5.3-5.2 7.3-5.2 3.8 0 5.1 2 5.1 5.1l-.1 8.7c0 1.7.9 2.1 1.7 2.1.7 0 1.3-.4 2.1-1.2v1.2c-.9 1-2.5 2.3-4 2.3m-8.3-6.8c-.2.7-.3 1.2-.3 2.2 0 1.2.7 2.5 2.1 2.5 1.2 0 1.9-.4 3.1-1.3V20c-1.1.5-3.7 1.7-4.9 2.2M40.3 28.6v-1c1.9-.1 2.4-.5 2.7-1.2V5c0-1.4-.2-2-3.1-2.2v-.9L47.5 0l.2.7-1.2 1.5v24.2c.4.8 1.2 1.1 2.9 1.2v1zM59.4 29c-4.3 0-7.7-3.4-7.7-8.2 0-5.9 3.6-9.9 8.7-9.9 4.1 0 6.4 2.3 6.4 6v.7l-11.2-.1c-.1.5-.1 1.2-.1 2.1 0 4.2 2.7 7 6.2 7 2.1 0 3.2-.7 4.8-2.2l.6 1c-2.4 2.1-4.3 3.6-7.7 3.6m.4-16.9c-2.1 0-3.5 1.7-4 4.3l7.3-.1c-.1-2.2-1.4-4.2-3.3-4.2"></path></g><g fill="ysph-wordmark"><path d="M83.4 29.1c-2.1 0-3.8-.6-4.9-1l-.5-4.4h.7c.2 1.1 1 2.5 2 3.2.6.5 1.9 1.2 3 1.2 2.2 0 3.3-1.4 3.3-2.8 0-1.9-1.2-2.4-3.2-3.2-3.8-1.6-5.2-2.6-5.2-5.2 0-2.9 2.9-4.8 6.7-4.8 1.8 0 3.2.5 4.1.9v4.3h-.7c-.1-1.1-.5-2.5-1.5-3.1-.4-.2-1.4-.9-2.6-.9-2.1 0-3.2 1.3-3.2 2.6 0 1.7.9 2.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 1.4 5 2.5 5 5 0 2.9-2.9 4.8-6.5 4.8M108.5 28.1c-2 .6-2.6.9-5.7.9-5.3 0-9.2-3.8-9.2-8.7 0-5 4.1-8.4 9.2-8.4 2.6 0 4 .5 5.9.9v4.5h-.7c-.1-1.1-.6-2.4-1.5-3-.5-.3-1.7-1.3-3.9-1.3-3.7 0-5.8 3.1-5.8 6.7 0 4.8 2.7 8.2 7 8.2 1.4 0 2.4-.6 2.8-.9 1-.8 1.7-2 2-3.2l.8.1zM123.9 28.7V28c1.2 0 2.2-.4 2.5-.9V21h-8.8v6.1c.2.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7h-7.8V28c1.1 0 2.3-.4 2.5-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.8v.7c-1.1.1-2.3.4-2.5.9v5.7h8.8v-5.7c-.3-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.9v.7c-1.2.1-2.2.4-2.5.9v13.2c.3.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7zM142.8 29.1c-5.2 0-8.2-3.6-8.2-8.5 0-5 4.2-8.6 9.3-8.6 5.3 0 8.2 3.6 8.2 8.4 0 5.1-4.1 8.7-9.3 8.7m-.3-16c-2.4 0-4.8 2.7-4.8 6.7 0 4.7 2.3 8.1 6.3 8.1 2.6 0 5-2.6 5-6.7 0-4.9-2.5-8.1-6.5-8.1M163.9 29.1c-5.2 0-8.2-3.6-8.2-8.5 0-5 4.2-8.6 9.3-8.6 5.3 0 8.2 3.6 8.2 8.4 0 5.1-4.1 8.7-9.3 8.7m-.3-16c-2.4 0-4.8 2.7-4.8 6.7 0 4.7 2.3 8.1 6.3 8.1 2.6 0 5-2.6 5-6.7 0-4.9-2.5-8.1-6.5-8.1M175.5 28.7V28c1-.1 2.6-.3 3-1.2V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h8.1v.7c-1.1.1-2.5.4-2.7.9v13.5l4.7-.1c1.8 0 2.9-1.7 2.9-3.9h.7v5.3zM208.5 29.1c-5.2 0-8.2-3.6-8.2-8.5 0-5 4.2-8.6 9.3-8.6 5.3 0 8.2 3.6 8.2 8.4.1 5.1-4.1 8.7-9.3 8.7m-.3-16c-2.4 0-4.8 2.7-4.8 6.7 0 4.7 2.3 8.1 6.3 8.1 2.6 0 5-2.6 5-6.7 0-4.9-2.5-8.1-6.5-8.1M232.6 16.5c-.1-2.3-1-2.9-3-2.9H226V20l3.5-.1c1.7-.1 2.4-.1 2.7-2h.7v5.5h-.7c-.2-2.1-.9-2.1-2.6-2.1h-3.5v5.5c.3.8 1.8 1.2 3 1.3v.7h-8.6V28c1.1-.1 2.4-.3 2.7-1.1V14c-.2-.6-1.4-.9-2.6-.9v-.7h10.7c.6 0 1.1 0 1.5-.2h.6v4.3zM251.8 22.3q-.9 0-2.1-.3v4.8c.3.8 1.9 1.2 3.1 1.3v.7H244V28c1.1-.1 2.5-.3 2.8-1.1V14c-.2-.6-1.5-.9-2.7-1v-.7c2.8 0 6.2-.1 7.4-.1 4.3 0 6.4 1.9 6.4 4.8s-2.2 5.3-6.1 5.3m-.5-9.1c-.4 0-1 0-1.6.1v7.8c.5.1 1 .1 1.5.1 2.3 0 3.6-1.8 3.6-4.4 0-1.9-1.3-3.6-3.5-3.6M277.8 14.2v8.1c0 4.8-3 6.8-7 6.8-4.2 0-6.7-2.3-6.7-6.3v-8.9c-.3-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.9v.7c-1.2.1-2.3.4-2.5.9v8.3c0 3.3 1.6 5.1 4.6 5.1 3.1 0 4.7-1.9 4.7-5.6v-3.3c0-1.4-.1-3.5-.1-4.3-.3-.5-1.7-1.1-2.9-1.1v-.7h7v.7c-1.2.1-2.3.6-2.5 1.2M291.2 28.7h-8.1V28c1.2-.1 2.8-.3 3.1-1.2V13.9c-.2-.5-1.4-.8-2.6-.9v-.7c3.3 0 5.6-.1 7.7-.1 3.8 0 5.7 1.6 5.7 3.4 0 1.6-.7 2.7-3 3.7 2.4.6 3.9 2.3 3.9 4.2.1 3.5-2.4 5.2-6.7 5.2m-.7-15.5h-1.2V19c.6-.1 1.4-.1 2-.1s1.2.1 1.6.1c.9-.7 1.2-1.8 1.2-2.9 0-1.7-1.4-2.9-3.6-2.9m-.1 6.8h-1.2v6.7c.3.8 1 1.1 2.1 1.1 2.3 0 3.5-1.8 3.5-4.2s-2.2-3.6-4.4-3.6M302.1 28.7V28c1-.1 2.6-.3 3-1.2V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h8.1v.7c-1.1.1-2.5.4-2.7.9v13.5l4.7-.1c1.8 0 2.9-1.7 2.9-3.9h.7v5.3zM319.9 28.7V28c1.2-.1 2.4-.4 2.6-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.4-.8-2.6-.9v-.7h8.2v.7c-1.2.1-2.4.4-2.6.9V27c.2.5 1.4.8 2.6.9v.7h-8.2zM347 28.1c-2 .6-2.6.9-5.7.9-5.3 0-9.2-3.8-9.2-8.7 0-5 4.1-8.4 9.2-8.4 2.6 0 4 .5 5.9.9v4.5h-.7c-.1-1.1-.6-2.4-1.5-3-.5-.3-1.7-1.3-3.9-1.3-3.7 0-5.8 3.1-5.8 6.7 0 4.8 2.7 8.2 7 8.2 1.4 0 2.4-.6 2.8-.9 1-.8 1.7-2 2-3.2l.8.1zM372.1 28.7V28c1.2 0 2.2-.4 2.5-.9V21h-8.8v6.1c.2.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7h-7.8V28c1.1 0 2.3-.4 2.5-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.8v.7c-1.1.1-2.3.4-2.5.9v5.7h8.8v-5.7c-.3-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.9v.7c-1.2.1-2.2.4-2.5.9v13.2c.3.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7zM388.9 28.7l-5.8.1v-.7c1.2-.1 2.9-.4 3.3-1.2v-13c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h10.7c.7 0 1.2-.1 1.5-.2h.6v4.3h-.7c-.1-2.3-1-2.9-3-2.9h-3.7v6.1h3.5c1.8 0 2.5 0 2.7-1.9h.6V23h-.7c-.2-2.1-.8-2.1-2.7-2.1h-3.5v5.6c.1.3.2.7.7.9l4.1-.1c1.7 0 2.9-.8 2.9-3h.6v4.3h-8.6zM410.8 28.7V28c1.2-.1 2.2-.3 2.4-.9l-1.7-4.8h-5.3l-1.7 4.5c.3.6 1.3 1.1 2.4 1.2v.7h-6.7V28c1.2-.1 2-.3 2.5-.9.7-1.8 1.5-3.7 2.3-5.8 1.1-2.9 2.2-5.7 2.8-7.5.3-.8.3-1.1.3-1.6h3.1c.1.8.1 1.3.3 2 .9 2.7 1.6 4.9 2.3 7.1.6 1.8 1.2 3.5 2.1 5.7.3.7 1.3 1 2.5 1.1v.7h-7.6zm-1.4-13-.3-1.2h-.1l-.4 1.2-1.9 5.3h4.4zM420.5 28.7V28c1-.1 2.6-.3 3-1.2V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h8.1v.7c-1.1.1-2.5.4-2.7.9v13.5l4.7-.1c1.8 0 2.9-1.7 2.9-3.9h.7v5.3zM453.8 17c-.1-2.2-1.2-3.3-3.1-3.4h-2.8v13c.6 1.2 2 1.4 3.2 1.4v.7h-9.3V28c1.2-.1 2.9-.3 3.2-1V13.6h-2.8c-1.9 0-3 1.2-3.1 3.4h-.7v-4.9h.6c.3.1.7.2 1.5.2h11.7c.6 0 1.2-.1 1.5-.2h.6V17zM470 28.7V28c1.2 0 2.2-.4 2.5-.9V21h-8.8v6.1c.2.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7h-7.8V28c1.1 0 2.3-.4 2.5-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.8v.7c-1.1.1-2.3.4-2.5.9v5.7h8.8v-5.7c-.3-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.9v.7c-1.2.1-2.2.4-2.5.9v13.2c.3.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7z"></path></g></svg></a><div class="navigation-header-links"><a href="/admissions-financial-aid/" class="navigation-header-links__header-link" aria-label="Navigate to Prospective Students page"><div class="navigation-header-links__link-hover"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-header-links__link-icon"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="m12 4-1.41 1.41L16.17 11H4v2h12.17l-5.58 5.59L12 20l8-8z"></path></svg>Prospective Students</div></a><a href="/alumni/" class="navigation-header-links__header-link" aria-label="Navigate to Alumni page"><div class="navigation-header-links__link-hover"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-header-links__link-icon"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="m12 4-1.41 1.41L16.17 11H4v2h12.17l-5.58 5.59L12 20l8-8z"></path></svg>Alumni</div></a><a href="/about-school-of-public-health/charitable-opportunities/" class="navigation-header-links__header-link" aria-label="Navigate to Donors page"><div class="navigation-header-links__link-hover"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-header-links__link-icon"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="m12 4-1.41 1.41L16.17 11H4v2h12.17l-5.58 5.59L12 20l8-8z"></path></svg>Donors</div></a><a href="/admissions-financial-aid/public-health-careers/employers/" class="navigation-header-links__header-link" aria-label="Navigate to Employers page"><div class="navigation-header-links__link-hover"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-header-links__link-icon"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="m12 4-1.41 1.41L16.17 11H4v2h12.17l-5.58 5.59L12 20l8-8z"></path></svg>Employers</div></a><a href="/school-of-public-health/graduate-programs/academic-calendar/" class="navigation-header-links__header-link" aria-label="Navigate to Academic Calendar page"><div class="navigation-header-links__link-hover"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-header-links__link-icon"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="m12 4-1.41 1.41L16.17 11H4v2h12.17l-5.58 5.59L12 20l8-8z"></path></svg>Academic Calendar</div></a><a href="/myysph/" class="navigation-header-links__header-link" aria-label="Navigate to myYSPH Members page"><div class="navigation-header-links__link-hover"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-header-links__link-icon"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="m12 4-1.41 1.41L16.17 11H4v2h12.17l-5.58 5.59L12 20l8-8z"></path></svg>myYSPH Members</div></a></div></nav><div></div></div></div><div class="base-header__navigation"><div class="base-header__navigation-content--desktop"><div class="base-header__navigation-left-content"><div class="department-header__navigation-content"><nav class="department-header__breadcrumbs" aria-label="Navigation breadcrumbs"><ul class="department-header__breadcrumb-list"><li><a href="/" class="department-header__breadcrumb-link">Yale School of Public Health</a><span class="department-header__slash-delimiter">/聽</span></li></ul></nav><div class="department-header__department-link-container"><a href="/cppee" class="department-header__department-link">Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology </a><div class="base-header__navigation-menu-button"><div class="navigation-menu-button__container"><button class="navigation-menu-button navigation-menu-button--open" type="button" aria-label="Menu"><div class="navigation-menu-button__hamburger"><span class="navigation-menu-button__hamburger-line"></span><span class="navigation-menu-button__hamburger-line"></span><span class="navigation-menu-button__hamburger-line"></span></div><div class="navigation-menu-button__text">MENU</div></button></div></div></div></div></div><div class="base-header__navigation-right-content"><div class="base-header__navigation-search-button"></div></div></div><div class="base-header__navigation-content--mobile"><div class="base-header__navigation-left-content"><button type="button" class="base-header__navigation-dropdown-button" aria-label="Go to the main page"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xml:space="preserve" aria-label="Yale School of Public Health" viewBox="0 0 477.9 29.1" focusable="false" class="site-wordmark__icon site-wordmark__icon--mode-ysph base-header__navigation-dropdown-logo"><desc>Yale School of Public Health</desc><g fill="ysph-wordmark"><path d="m22.3 6.1-6.8 11.5v7.7c.8 1.9 2.8 2.1 4.7 2.2v1.1H6.8v-1.1c1.9-.1 4.2-.4 4.8-1.6v-8l-7-11.8C3.5 4.2 2.3 3.5 0 3.4V2.3h11.6v1.1c-2.2.1-2.9.5-3.5 1l6.5 11.2 6.3-11.1c-.7-.5-1.5-1-3.7-1.1V2.3h9.9v1.1c-2.2 0-3.6.8-4.8 2.7M35.9 29c-2.2 0-3.3-1.5-3.4-2.6-1.4 1.5-3.2 2.6-5 2.6-2.2 0-4.1-1.4-4.1-3.7 0-1.2.3-2.4.9-3.3l8.2-3v-3.1c0-1.9-.9-3.6-2.7-3.6-1.1 0-2.2 1.4-2.3 3.5l-3.7.6V16c1.2-3.7 5.3-5.2 7.3-5.2 3.8 0 5.1 2 5.1 5.1l-.1 8.7c0 1.7.9 2.1 1.7 2.1.7 0 1.3-.4 2.1-1.2v1.2c-.9 1-2.5 2.3-4 2.3m-8.3-6.8c-.2.7-.3 1.2-.3 2.2 0 1.2.7 2.5 2.1 2.5 1.2 0 1.9-.4 3.1-1.3V20c-1.1.5-3.7 1.7-4.9 2.2M40.3 28.6v-1c1.9-.1 2.4-.5 2.7-1.2V5c0-1.4-.2-2-3.1-2.2v-.9L47.5 0l.2.7-1.2 1.5v24.2c.4.8 1.2 1.1 2.9 1.2v1zM59.4 29c-4.3 0-7.7-3.4-7.7-8.2 0-5.9 3.6-9.9 8.7-9.9 4.1 0 6.4 2.3 6.4 6v.7l-11.2-.1c-.1.5-.1 1.2-.1 2.1 0 4.2 2.7 7 6.2 7 2.1 0 3.2-.7 4.8-2.2l.6 1c-2.4 2.1-4.3 3.6-7.7 3.6m.4-16.9c-2.1 0-3.5 1.7-4 4.3l7.3-.1c-.1-2.2-1.4-4.2-3.3-4.2"></path></g><g fill="ysph-wordmark"><path d="M83.4 29.1c-2.1 0-3.8-.6-4.9-1l-.5-4.4h.7c.2 1.1 1 2.5 2 3.2.6.5 1.9 1.2 3 1.2 2.2 0 3.3-1.4 3.3-2.8 0-1.9-1.2-2.4-3.2-3.2-3.8-1.6-5.2-2.6-5.2-5.2 0-2.9 2.9-4.8 6.7-4.8 1.8 0 3.2.5 4.1.9v4.3h-.7c-.1-1.1-.5-2.5-1.5-3.1-.4-.2-1.4-.9-2.6-.9-2.1 0-3.2 1.3-3.2 2.6 0 1.7.9 2.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 1.4 5 2.5 5 5 0 2.9-2.9 4.8-6.5 4.8M108.5 28.1c-2 .6-2.6.9-5.7.9-5.3 0-9.2-3.8-9.2-8.7 0-5 4.1-8.4 9.2-8.4 2.6 0 4 .5 5.9.9v4.5h-.7c-.1-1.1-.6-2.4-1.5-3-.5-.3-1.7-1.3-3.9-1.3-3.7 0-5.8 3.1-5.8 6.7 0 4.8 2.7 8.2 7 8.2 1.4 0 2.4-.6 2.8-.9 1-.8 1.7-2 2-3.2l.8.1zM123.9 28.7V28c1.2 0 2.2-.4 2.5-.9V21h-8.8v6.1c.2.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7h-7.8V28c1.1 0 2.3-.4 2.5-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.8v.7c-1.1.1-2.3.4-2.5.9v5.7h8.8v-5.7c-.3-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.9v.7c-1.2.1-2.2.4-2.5.9v13.2c.3.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7zM142.8 29.1c-5.2 0-8.2-3.6-8.2-8.5 0-5 4.2-8.6 9.3-8.6 5.3 0 8.2 3.6 8.2 8.4 0 5.1-4.1 8.7-9.3 8.7m-.3-16c-2.4 0-4.8 2.7-4.8 6.7 0 4.7 2.3 8.1 6.3 8.1 2.6 0 5-2.6 5-6.7 0-4.9-2.5-8.1-6.5-8.1M163.9 29.1c-5.2 0-8.2-3.6-8.2-8.5 0-5 4.2-8.6 9.3-8.6 5.3 0 8.2 3.6 8.2 8.4 0 5.1-4.1 8.7-9.3 8.7m-.3-16c-2.4 0-4.8 2.7-4.8 6.7 0 4.7 2.3 8.1 6.3 8.1 2.6 0 5-2.6 5-6.7 0-4.9-2.5-8.1-6.5-8.1M175.5 28.7V28c1-.1 2.6-.3 3-1.2V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h8.1v.7c-1.1.1-2.5.4-2.7.9v13.5l4.7-.1c1.8 0 2.9-1.7 2.9-3.9h.7v5.3zM208.5 29.1c-5.2 0-8.2-3.6-8.2-8.5 0-5 4.2-8.6 9.3-8.6 5.3 0 8.2 3.6 8.2 8.4.1 5.1-4.1 8.7-9.3 8.7m-.3-16c-2.4 0-4.8 2.7-4.8 6.7 0 4.7 2.3 8.1 6.3 8.1 2.6 0 5-2.6 5-6.7 0-4.9-2.5-8.1-6.5-8.1M232.6 16.5c-.1-2.3-1-2.9-3-2.9H226V20l3.5-.1c1.7-.1 2.4-.1 2.7-2h.7v5.5h-.7c-.2-2.1-.9-2.1-2.6-2.1h-3.5v5.5c.3.8 1.8 1.2 3 1.3v.7h-8.6V28c1.1-.1 2.4-.3 2.7-1.1V14c-.2-.6-1.4-.9-2.6-.9v-.7h10.7c.6 0 1.1 0 1.5-.2h.6v4.3zM251.8 22.3q-.9 0-2.1-.3v4.8c.3.8 1.9 1.2 3.1 1.3v.7H244V28c1.1-.1 2.5-.3 2.8-1.1V14c-.2-.6-1.5-.9-2.7-1v-.7c2.8 0 6.2-.1 7.4-.1 4.3 0 6.4 1.9 6.4 4.8s-2.2 5.3-6.1 5.3m-.5-9.1c-.4 0-1 0-1.6.1v7.8c.5.1 1 .1 1.5.1 2.3 0 3.6-1.8 3.6-4.4 0-1.9-1.3-3.6-3.5-3.6M277.8 14.2v8.1c0 4.8-3 6.8-7 6.8-4.2 0-6.7-2.3-6.7-6.3v-8.9c-.3-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.9v.7c-1.2.1-2.3.4-2.5.9v8.3c0 3.3 1.6 5.1 4.6 5.1 3.1 0 4.7-1.9 4.7-5.6v-3.3c0-1.4-.1-3.5-.1-4.3-.3-.5-1.7-1.1-2.9-1.1v-.7h7v.7c-1.2.1-2.3.6-2.5 1.2M291.2 28.7h-8.1V28c1.2-.1 2.8-.3 3.1-1.2V13.9c-.2-.5-1.4-.8-2.6-.9v-.7c3.3 0 5.6-.1 7.7-.1 3.8 0 5.7 1.6 5.7 3.4 0 1.6-.7 2.7-3 3.7 2.4.6 3.9 2.3 3.9 4.2.1 3.5-2.4 5.2-6.7 5.2m-.7-15.5h-1.2V19c.6-.1 1.4-.1 2-.1s1.2.1 1.6.1c.9-.7 1.2-1.8 1.2-2.9 0-1.7-1.4-2.9-3.6-2.9m-.1 6.8h-1.2v6.7c.3.8 1 1.1 2.1 1.1 2.3 0 3.5-1.8 3.5-4.2s-2.2-3.6-4.4-3.6M302.1 28.7V28c1-.1 2.6-.3 3-1.2V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h8.1v.7c-1.1.1-2.5.4-2.7.9v13.5l4.7-.1c1.8 0 2.9-1.7 2.9-3.9h.7v5.3zM319.9 28.7V28c1.2-.1 2.4-.4 2.6-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.4-.8-2.6-.9v-.7h8.2v.7c-1.2.1-2.4.4-2.6.9V27c.2.5 1.4.8 2.6.9v.7h-8.2zM347 28.1c-2 .6-2.6.9-5.7.9-5.3 0-9.2-3.8-9.2-8.7 0-5 4.1-8.4 9.2-8.4 2.6 0 4 .5 5.9.9v4.5h-.7c-.1-1.1-.6-2.4-1.5-3-.5-.3-1.7-1.3-3.9-1.3-3.7 0-5.8 3.1-5.8 6.7 0 4.8 2.7 8.2 7 8.2 1.4 0 2.4-.6 2.8-.9 1-.8 1.7-2 2-3.2l.8.1zM372.1 28.7V28c1.2 0 2.2-.4 2.5-.9V21h-8.8v6.1c.2.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7h-7.8V28c1.1 0 2.3-.4 2.5-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.8v.7c-1.1.1-2.3.4-2.5.9v5.7h8.8v-5.7c-.3-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.9v.7c-1.2.1-2.2.4-2.5.9v13.2c.3.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7zM388.9 28.7l-5.8.1v-.7c1.2-.1 2.9-.4 3.3-1.2v-13c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h10.7c.7 0 1.2-.1 1.5-.2h.6v4.3h-.7c-.1-2.3-1-2.9-3-2.9h-3.7v6.1h3.5c1.8 0 2.5 0 2.7-1.9h.6V23h-.7c-.2-2.1-.8-2.1-2.7-2.1h-3.5v5.6c.1.3.2.7.7.9l4.1-.1c1.7 0 2.9-.8 2.9-3h.6v4.3h-8.6zM410.8 28.7V28c1.2-.1 2.2-.3 2.4-.9l-1.7-4.8h-5.3l-1.7 4.5c.3.6 1.3 1.1 2.4 1.2v.7h-6.7V28c1.2-.1 2-.3 2.5-.9.7-1.8 1.5-3.7 2.3-5.8 1.1-2.9 2.2-5.7 2.8-7.5.3-.8.3-1.1.3-1.6h3.1c.1.8.1 1.3.3 2 .9 2.7 1.6 4.9 2.3 7.1.6 1.8 1.2 3.5 2.1 5.7.3.7 1.3 1 2.5 1.1v.7h-7.6zm-1.4-13-.3-1.2h-.1l-.4 1.2-1.9 5.3h4.4zM420.5 28.7V28c1-.1 2.6-.3 3-1.2V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h8.1v.7c-1.1.1-2.5.4-2.7.9v13.5l4.7-.1c1.8 0 2.9-1.7 2.9-3.9h.7v5.3zM453.8 17c-.1-2.2-1.2-3.3-3.1-3.4h-2.8v13c.6 1.2 2 1.4 3.2 1.4v.7h-9.3V28c1.2-.1 2.9-.3 3.2-1V13.6h-2.8c-1.9 0-3 1.2-3.1 3.4h-.7v-4.9h.6c.3.1.7.2 1.5.2h11.7c.6 0 1.2-.1 1.5-.2h.6V17zM470 28.7V28c1.2 0 2.2-.4 2.5-.9V21h-8.8v6.1c.2.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7h-7.8V28c1.1 0 2.3-.4 2.5-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.8v.7c-1.1.1-2.3.4-2.5.9v5.7h8.8v-5.7c-.3-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.9v.7c-1.2.1-2.2.4-2.5.9v13.2c.3.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7z"></path></g></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="base-header__navigation-dropdown-icon"><path d="M23.25 7.311 12.53 18.03a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L.75 7.311" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px;fill-rule:evenodd"></path></svg></button><div></div></div><div class="base-header__navigation-right-content"><div class="base-header__navigation-menu-button"><div class="navigation-menu-button__container"><button class="navigation-menu-button navigation-menu-button--open" type="button" aria-label="Menu"><div class="navigation-menu-button__hamburger"><span class="navigation-menu-button__hamburger-line"></span><span class="navigation-menu-button__hamburger-line"></span><span class="navigation-menu-button__hamburger-line"></span></div><div class="navigation-menu-button__text">MENU</div></button></div></div></div></div></div><div class="base-header__navigation-panel"><div class="navigation-panel__wrapper navigation-panel__wrapper--hidden"><nav class="navigation-panel__top-container" aria-label="Navigation Panel"><div class="navigation-panel__header-container"><a href="/cppee" class="navigation-panel__header-text">Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology </a></div></nav><div class="navigation-panel__grid-container"><div class="navigation-panel__grid-column"><ul><li class="navigation-panel__grid-column-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel__grid-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item navigation-panel-item--height"><a href="/cppee/history" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text navigation-panel-item__option-text--parent" aria-label="Navigate to History page"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link navigation-panel-item__option-text-link--parent">History</span></a></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel__grid-column-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel__grid-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item navigation-panel-item--height"><a href="/cppee/news" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text navigation-panel-item__option-text--parent" aria-label="Navigate to News page"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link navigation-panel-item__option-text-link--parent">News</span></a></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="navigation-panel__grid-column"><ul><li class="navigation-panel__grid-column-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel__grid-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel" aria-level="0"><div id="sub-panel__heading-1" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-1" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item navigation-panel-item--height"><a href="/cppee/projects" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text navigation-panel-item__option-text--parent" aria-label="Navigate to Projects page"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link navigation-panel-item__option-text-link--parent">Projects</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Projects menu item."><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-1" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="1"><div id="sub-panel__heading-1-0" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-1-0" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/cppee/projects/peach" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to The PEACH Study page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">The PEACH Study</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open The PEACH Study menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-1-0" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/cppee/projects/peach/team" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Our Study Team page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Our Study Team</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/cppee/projects/peach/contact" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Our Contact Information page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Our Contact Information</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel navigation-panel-sub-panel--nested" aria-level="1"><div id="sub-panel__heading-1-1" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-1-1" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/cppee/projects/projects" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Current Projects page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Current Projects</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Current Projects menu item." tabindex="-1"><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-1-1" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body navigation-panel-sub-panel__body--nested"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/cppee/projects/projects/genetics" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Genetics page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Genetics</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/cppee/projects/projects/perinatal" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Perinatal Studies page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Perinatal Studies</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/cppee/projects/projects/air-pollution" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Air Pollution page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Air Pollution</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/cppee/projects/projects/environmental-exposures" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Environmental Exposures page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Environmental Exposures</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/cppee/projects/projects/covid19" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to COVID-19 page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">COVID-19</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/cppee/projects/projects/smoking-tobacco" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Smoking and Tobacco page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Smoking and Tobacco</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/cppee/projects/projects/cancer-studies" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Cancer Studies page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Cancer Studies</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/cppee/projects/projects/metabolomics" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Metabolomics page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Metabolomics</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/cppee/projects/projects/training-grants" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Training Grants page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Training Grants</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/cppee/projects/pastprojects" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Recent Past Projects page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Recent Past Projects</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li class="navigation-panel__grid-column-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel__grid-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item navigation-panel-item--height"><a href="/cppee/contact" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text navigation-panel-item__option-text--parent" aria-label="Navigate to Contact Us page"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link navigation-panel-item__option-text-link--parent">Contact Us</span></a></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="navigation-panel__grid-column"><ul><li class="navigation-panel__grid-column-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel__grid-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel" aria-level="0"><div id="sub-panel__heading-2" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item navigation-panel-item--height"><a href="/cppee/personnel" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text navigation-panel-item__option-text--parent" aria-label="Navigate to Personnel page"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link navigation-panel-item__option-text-link--parent">Personnel</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Personnel menu item."><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-2" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/cppee/personnel/faculty" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Faculty page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Faculty</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/cppee/personnel/staff" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Staff page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Staff</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/cppee/personnel/postdocs" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Post-Doctoral Associates page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Post-Doctoral Associates</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/cppee/personnel/phdstudents" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to PhD Students page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">PhD Students</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/cppee/personnel/visitingfellows" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Visiting Fellows page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Visiting Fellows</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="navigation-panel__grid-column"><ul><li class="navigation-panel__grid-column-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel__grid-item"><div class="navigation-panel-sub-panel" aria-level="0"><div id="sub-panel__heading-3" aria-controls="sub-panel__body-3" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__header" aria-expanded="false"><div class="navigation-panel-item navigation-panel-item--height"><a href="/cppee/publications" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text navigation-panel-item__option-text--parent" aria-label="Navigate to Publications page"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link navigation-panel-item__option-text-link--parent">Publications</span></a><button class="navigation-panel-item__button" type="button" aria-label="Open Publications menu item."><div class="navigation-panel-item__icon navigation-panel-item__button-icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="navigation-panel-item__icon"><path d="M12 1v22M23 12H1" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></div></button></div></div><div id="sub-panel__body-3" class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body"><ul><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/cppee/publications/articles" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Articles page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Articles</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/cppee/publications/books" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Books page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Books</span></a></div></li><li class="navigation-panel-sub-panel__body-list-item"><div class="navigation-panel-item"><a href="/cppee/publications/book-chapters" class="navigation-panel-item__option-text" aria-label="Navigate to Book Chapters page" tabindex="-1"><span class="navigation-panel-item__option-text-link">Book Chapters</span></a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class="base-header__mobile-navigation-dropdown"><div class="mobile-navigation-dropdown"><div class="mobile-navigation-dropdown__home-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="mobile-navigation-dropdown__home-icon"><path d="M3.753 13.944v8.25h6v-6a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.5-1.5h1.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.5 1.5v6h6v-8.25M.753 12.444 10.942 2.255a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 2.122 0l10.189 10.189" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px"></path></svg><a href="/" class="mobile-navigation-dropdown__link">YSPH Home</a></div><p class="mobile-navigation-dropdown__title">INFORMATION FOR</p><ul><li><a href="/admissions-financial-aid/" class="mobile-navigation-dropdown__link">Prospective Students</a></li><li><a href="/alumni/" class="mobile-navigation-dropdown__link">Alumni</a></li><li><a href="/about-school-of-public-health/charitable-opportunities/" class="mobile-navigation-dropdown__link">Donors</a></li><li><a href="/admissions-financial-aid/public-health-careers/employers/" class="mobile-navigation-dropdown__link">Employers</a></li><li><a href="/school-of-public-health/graduate-programs/academic-calendar/" class="mobile-navigation-dropdown__link">Academic Calendar</a></li><li><a href="/myysph/" class="mobile-navigation-dropdown__link">myYSPH Members</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="base-page__context-navigation-container context-navigation-container"><nav class="context-navigation" aria-label="Context navigation"><div id="context-navigation-links-container" class="context-navigation__links-panel context-navigation__links-panel--expanded"><div class="context-navigation-links"><ul class="context-navigation-links__links-list"><li class="context-navigation-links__item"><a href="/cppee/history" class="context-navigation-links__item-link">History</a></li><li class="context-navigation-links__item"><a href="/cppee/projects" class="context-navigation-links__item-link">Projects</a></li><li class="context-navigation-links__item"><a href="/cppee/personnel" class="context-navigation-links__item-link">Personnel</a></li><li class="context-navigation-links__item"><a href="/cppee/publications" class="context-navigation-links__item-link">Publications</a></li><li class="context-navigation-links__item"><a href="/cppee/news" class="context-navigation-links__item-link">News</a></li><li class="context-navigation-links__item"><a href="/cppee/contact" class="context-navigation-links__item-link">Contact Us</a></li></ul></div></div></nav></div></div><div style="margin-top:0px" class="base-page"><main class="page-container" tabindex="-1" id="page-container"><div class="content page__content-container"><div class="component-wrapper component-wrapper--all"><section class="generic-content" aria-label="Welcome to The Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology (Yale CPPEE)"><div class="generic-content__title-container"><h1 class="generic-content__title">Welcome to The Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology (Yale CPPEE)</h1><ul class="share-panel share-panel--horizontal"><li class="share-panel__item"><button class="share-panel__link" aria-label="Share via X" type="button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="share-panel__icon"><path d="M17.294 22.475 1.454 1.453h5.252l15.84 21.022zm4.508-21.022-8.35 8.954M2.198 22.475l8.344-8.948" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.5;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></button></li><li class="share-panel__item"><button class="share-panel__link" aria-label="Share via Facebook" type="button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="share-panel__icon"><path d="M12.5 23.5h-11a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-21a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h21a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v21a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-6v-9h2.559a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.438l.375-3a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.562H16.5V9.185A1.687 1.687 0 0 1 18.186 7.5H20a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V4a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5h-1.814A5.69 5.69 0 0 0 12.5 9.185V10.5H10a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v3a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h2.5z" style="fill:currentColor;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></button></li><li class="share-panel__item"><button class="share-panel__link" aria-label="Share via LinkedIn" type="button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="share-panel__icon"><path d="M6.5 22.5h-5v-13h5Zm9-9a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v7h-5v-13h5v1.485a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 3.99-1.495c2.962 0 5.01 2.2 5.01 6.355V22.5h-5v-7a2 2 0 0 0-2-2M6.5 5A2.5 2.5 0 1 1 4 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 6.5 5" style="fill:currentColor;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></button></li><li class="share-panel__item"><button type="button" aria-label="Share page via email" class="share-panel__button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="share-panel__icon"><path d="M23.888 5.832a.18.18 0 0 0-.2.039l-9.747 9.745a2.75 2.75 0 0 1-3.888 0L.31 5.871a.18.18 0 0 0-.2-.039A.18.18 0 0 0 0 6v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h20a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V6a.18.18 0 0 0-.112-.168" style="fill:currentColor"></path><path d="M11.115 14.556a1.25 1.25 0 0 0 1.768 0l9.686-9.686a.5.5 0 0 0 .121-.511C22.58 4.03 22.274 4 22 4H2c-.275 0-.583.03-.691.359a.5.5 0 0 0 .121.511Z" style="fill:currentColor"></path></svg></button></li><li class="share-panel__item"><button type="button" aria-label="Print page" class="share-panel__button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="share-panel__icon share-panel__print-icon"><path d="M5.25 17.249h-3a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5-1.5v-7.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.5-1.5h19.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.5 1.5v7.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1-1.5 1.5h-3" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;fill:currentColor;stroke-width:.5px"></path><path d="M3.75 9.749h1.5" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px;stroke-opacity:1"></path><path d="M5.25 12.749h13.5v10H5.25z" class="paper" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;fill:currentColor;stroke-width:2"></path><path d="M18.75 6.749H5.25v-4.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.5-1.5h10.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 1.5 1.5Z" style="stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;fill:currentColor;stroke-width:.25px;stroke-opacity:1"></path></svg></button></li></ul></div> </section></div><div class="component-wrapper component-wrapper--all"><section class="banner banner--size--md banner--align--center" aria-label="Mission Statement"><div class="banner__parallax-wrapper" style="transform:scale(1)" aria-hidden="true"><div class="banner__background-wrapper" style="background:#444C57"></div></div><div class="banner__content-wrapper"><div class="text-banner text-banner--size--md" style="color:#FFFFFF"><div class="banner-content banner-content--size--md"><div class="LinesEllipsis text-overflow banner-content__title">Mission Statement<wbr/></div><div class="LinesEllipsis text-overflow banner-content__descriptor">The mission of the Center is to promote the health of women and children through epidemiologic research investigating the impact of environmental, genetic and clinical factors on pregnancy, birth and childhood.<wbr/></div></div></div></div></section></div><div class="component-wrapper component-wrapper--all"><section aria-label="The Center's History" class="highlight-small-block highlight-small-block--null--width-mode highlight-small-block--with-image"><div class="highlight-small-block__image-container"><span class="" style="display:inline-block"></span></div><div class="highlight-small-block__content-container"><h2 class="highlight-small-block__title">The Center's History</h2><div class="highlight-small-block__summary"><p>The Yale Perinatal Epidemiology Unit (PEU) was founded in 1979 by then Dean of the Yale School of Medicine, Robert Berliner, to support research in this area being conducted by the departments of Epidemiology and Public Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Pediatrics (especially Neonatology).</p></div></div><div class="highlight-small-block__button-container"><div class="highlight-small-block__button-wrapper"><a href="/cppee/history" tabindex="0" class="button button--large button--secondary button--color-mode--blue button--link button-with-icon" aria-label="Read more about The Center's History"><span class="button__label">Read More</span><span class="button__icon" aria-hidden="true"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="highlight-small-block__button-icon"><path d="M23.25 12.497H.75M19.5 16.247l3.75-3.75-3.75-3.75" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px"></path></svg></span></a></div></div></section></div><div class="component-wrapper component-wrapper--all"><section class="generic-content" aria-label="Related Links"><div class="generic-content__title-container"><div class="heading__container"><h2 id="related-links" class="generic-content__title">Related Links</h2><div class="heading__anchor-copy-button-container"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy Link" class="anchor-copy-button anchor-copy-button--color-mode--dark"><span class="anchor-copy-button__content"><span class="anchor-copy-button__text">Copy Link</span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xml:space="preserve" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="anchor-copy-button__icon"><path d="M5.253 21.497a5.21 5.21 0 0 1-3.712-1.535A5.21 5.21 0 0 1 .006 16.25c0-1.404.545-2.722 1.535-3.712l4.773-4.774a5.22 5.22 0 0 1 3.716-1.539c1.402 0 2.719.544 3.708 1.531a5.225 5.225 0 0 1 .538 6.804.75.75 0 0 1-1.048.165.74.74 0 0 1-.299-.489.75.75 0 0 1 .134-.558 3.73 3.73 0 0 0-.384-4.86 3.73 3.73 0 0 0-2.649-1.094 3.73 3.73 0 0 0-2.655 1.099l-4.774 4.774a3.754 3.754 0 0 0 0 5.303c.707.707 1.649 1.096 2.652 1.096s1.945-.389 2.652-1.096l.932-.932a.744.744 0 0 1 1.06 0 .744.744 0 0 1 0 1.06l-.932.932a5.2 5.2 0 0 1-3.712 1.537"></path><path d="M13.978 18.024a5.21 5.21 0 0 1-3.709-1.535 5.22 5.22 0 0 1-.536-6.803.75.75 0 0 1 1.047-.166.75.75 0 0 1 .3.49.75.75 0 0 1-.134.558 3.73 3.73 0 0 0 .383 4.859 3.73 3.73 0 0 0 2.65 1.096 3.73 3.73 0 0 0 2.654-1.1l4.773-4.773c.708-.708 1.098-1.65 1.098-2.652s-.39-1.943-1.098-2.652c-.707-.707-1.649-1.096-2.652-1.096s-1.945.389-2.652 1.096l-.75.75a.744.744 0 0 1-1.06 0c-.142-.141-.22-.33-.22-.53s.078-.389.22-.53l.75-.75c.99-.99 2.309-1.536 3.712-1.536s2.722.545 3.712 1.536a5.21 5.21 0 0 1 1.538 3.712 5.21 5.21 0 0 1-1.538 3.712l-4.773 4.773a5.21 5.21 0 0 1-3.711 1.54z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><div><div class="generic-paragraph"><div class="generic-paragraph__text"><ul> <li> <a href="https://publichealth.yale.edu/">Yale School of Public Health</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://library.medicine.yale.edu/">Yale School of Medicine Library</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.cochranelibrary.com/">Cochrane Library</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cochrane.org/">Cochrane Collaboration</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://hipaa.yale.edu/">Yale HIPAA</a> </li> </ul></div></div><div class="generic-paragraph"><h3 class="generic-paragraph__heading">Other Related Links</h3><div class="generic-paragraph__text"><ul> <li> <a href="http://www3.epa.gov/">US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/">National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/" target="_blank">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/what-we-do/nih-almanac/national-heart-lung-blood-institute-nhlbi" target="_blank">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.aaaai.org/">American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI)</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://neonatal.cochrane.org/our-work/our-reviews">NICHD Cochrane Neonatal Home Page</a> </li> </ul></div></div></div> </section></div></div></main><footer class="footer"><div class="footer__primary-panel-wrapper footer__primary-panel-wrapper--full-height"><div class="footer__content-container"><section class="footer__primary-panel" aria-label="Primary Links"><div class="desktop-footer-primary-panel"><div class="desktop-footer-primary-panel__organization-info-wrapper"><div class="footer-organization-info" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xml:space="preserve" aria-label="Yale School of Public Health" viewBox="0 0 477.9 29.1" focusable="false" class="site-wordmark__icon site-wordmark__icon--mode-ysph footer-organization-info__icon"><desc>Yale School of Public Health</desc><g fill="ysph-wordmark"><path d="m22.3 6.1-6.8 11.5v7.7c.8 1.9 2.8 2.1 4.7 2.2v1.1H6.8v-1.1c1.9-.1 4.2-.4 4.8-1.6v-8l-7-11.8C3.5 4.2 2.3 3.5 0 3.4V2.3h11.6v1.1c-2.2.1-2.9.5-3.5 1l6.5 11.2 6.3-11.1c-.7-.5-1.5-1-3.7-1.1V2.3h9.9v1.1c-2.2 0-3.6.8-4.8 2.7M35.9 29c-2.2 0-3.3-1.5-3.4-2.6-1.4 1.5-3.2 2.6-5 2.6-2.2 0-4.1-1.4-4.1-3.7 0-1.2.3-2.4.9-3.3l8.2-3v-3.1c0-1.9-.9-3.6-2.7-3.6-1.1 0-2.2 1.4-2.3 3.5l-3.7.6V16c1.2-3.7 5.3-5.2 7.3-5.2 3.8 0 5.1 2 5.1 5.1l-.1 8.7c0 1.7.9 2.1 1.7 2.1.7 0 1.3-.4 2.1-1.2v1.2c-.9 1-2.5 2.3-4 2.3m-8.3-6.8c-.2.7-.3 1.2-.3 2.2 0 1.2.7 2.5 2.1 2.5 1.2 0 1.9-.4 3.1-1.3V20c-1.1.5-3.7 1.7-4.9 2.2M40.3 28.6v-1c1.9-.1 2.4-.5 2.7-1.2V5c0-1.4-.2-2-3.1-2.2v-.9L47.5 0l.2.7-1.2 1.5v24.2c.4.8 1.2 1.1 2.9 1.2v1zM59.4 29c-4.3 0-7.7-3.4-7.7-8.2 0-5.9 3.6-9.9 8.7-9.9 4.1 0 6.4 2.3 6.4 6v.7l-11.2-.1c-.1.5-.1 1.2-.1 2.1 0 4.2 2.7 7 6.2 7 2.1 0 3.2-.7 4.8-2.2l.6 1c-2.4 2.1-4.3 3.6-7.7 3.6m.4-16.9c-2.1 0-3.5 1.7-4 4.3l7.3-.1c-.1-2.2-1.4-4.2-3.3-4.2"></path></g><g fill="ysph-wordmark"><path d="M83.4 29.1c-2.1 0-3.8-.6-4.9-1l-.5-4.4h.7c.2 1.1 1 2.5 2 3.2.6.5 1.9 1.2 3 1.2 2.2 0 3.3-1.4 3.3-2.8 0-1.9-1.2-2.4-3.2-3.2-3.8-1.6-5.2-2.6-5.2-5.2 0-2.9 2.9-4.8 6.7-4.8 1.8 0 3.2.5 4.1.9v4.3h-.7c-.1-1.1-.5-2.5-1.5-3.1-.4-.2-1.4-.9-2.6-.9-2.1 0-3.2 1.3-3.2 2.6 0 1.7.9 2.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 1.4 5 2.5 5 5 0 2.9-2.9 4.8-6.5 4.8M108.5 28.1c-2 .6-2.6.9-5.7.9-5.3 0-9.2-3.8-9.2-8.7 0-5 4.1-8.4 9.2-8.4 2.6 0 4 .5 5.9.9v4.5h-.7c-.1-1.1-.6-2.4-1.5-3-.5-.3-1.7-1.3-3.9-1.3-3.7 0-5.8 3.1-5.8 6.7 0 4.8 2.7 8.2 7 8.2 1.4 0 2.4-.6 2.8-.9 1-.8 1.7-2 2-3.2l.8.1zM123.9 28.7V28c1.2 0 2.2-.4 2.5-.9V21h-8.8v6.1c.2.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7h-7.8V28c1.1 0 2.3-.4 2.5-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.8v.7c-1.1.1-2.3.4-2.5.9v5.7h8.8v-5.7c-.3-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.9v.7c-1.2.1-2.2.4-2.5.9v13.2c.3.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7zM142.8 29.1c-5.2 0-8.2-3.6-8.2-8.5 0-5 4.2-8.6 9.3-8.6 5.3 0 8.2 3.6 8.2 8.4 0 5.1-4.1 8.7-9.3 8.7m-.3-16c-2.4 0-4.8 2.7-4.8 6.7 0 4.7 2.3 8.1 6.3 8.1 2.6 0 5-2.6 5-6.7 0-4.9-2.5-8.1-6.5-8.1M163.9 29.1c-5.2 0-8.2-3.6-8.2-8.5 0-5 4.2-8.6 9.3-8.6 5.3 0 8.2 3.6 8.2 8.4 0 5.1-4.1 8.7-9.3 8.7m-.3-16c-2.4 0-4.8 2.7-4.8 6.7 0 4.7 2.3 8.1 6.3 8.1 2.6 0 5-2.6 5-6.7 0-4.9-2.5-8.1-6.5-8.1M175.5 28.7V28c1-.1 2.6-.3 3-1.2V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h8.1v.7c-1.1.1-2.5.4-2.7.9v13.5l4.7-.1c1.8 0 2.9-1.7 2.9-3.9h.7v5.3zM208.5 29.1c-5.2 0-8.2-3.6-8.2-8.5 0-5 4.2-8.6 9.3-8.6 5.3 0 8.2 3.6 8.2 8.4.1 5.1-4.1 8.7-9.3 8.7m-.3-16c-2.4 0-4.8 2.7-4.8 6.7 0 4.7 2.3 8.1 6.3 8.1 2.6 0 5-2.6 5-6.7 0-4.9-2.5-8.1-6.5-8.1M232.6 16.5c-.1-2.3-1-2.9-3-2.9H226V20l3.5-.1c1.7-.1 2.4-.1 2.7-2h.7v5.5h-.7c-.2-2.1-.9-2.1-2.6-2.1h-3.5v5.5c.3.8 1.8 1.2 3 1.3v.7h-8.6V28c1.1-.1 2.4-.3 2.7-1.1V14c-.2-.6-1.4-.9-2.6-.9v-.7h10.7c.6 0 1.1 0 1.5-.2h.6v4.3zM251.8 22.3q-.9 0-2.1-.3v4.8c.3.8 1.9 1.2 3.1 1.3v.7H244V28c1.1-.1 2.5-.3 2.8-1.1V14c-.2-.6-1.5-.9-2.7-1v-.7c2.8 0 6.2-.1 7.4-.1 4.3 0 6.4 1.9 6.4 4.8s-2.2 5.3-6.1 5.3m-.5-9.1c-.4 0-1 0-1.6.1v7.8c.5.1 1 .1 1.5.1 2.3 0 3.6-1.8 3.6-4.4 0-1.9-1.3-3.6-3.5-3.6M277.8 14.2v8.1c0 4.8-3 6.8-7 6.8-4.2 0-6.7-2.3-6.7-6.3v-8.9c-.3-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.9v.7c-1.2.1-2.3.4-2.5.9v8.3c0 3.3 1.6 5.1 4.6 5.1 3.1 0 4.7-1.9 4.7-5.6v-3.3c0-1.4-.1-3.5-.1-4.3-.3-.5-1.7-1.1-2.9-1.1v-.7h7v.7c-1.2.1-2.3.6-2.5 1.2M291.2 28.7h-8.1V28c1.2-.1 2.8-.3 3.1-1.2V13.9c-.2-.5-1.4-.8-2.6-.9v-.7c3.3 0 5.6-.1 7.7-.1 3.8 0 5.7 1.6 5.7 3.4 0 1.6-.7 2.7-3 3.7 2.4.6 3.9 2.3 3.9 4.2.1 3.5-2.4 5.2-6.7 5.2m-.7-15.5h-1.2V19c.6-.1 1.4-.1 2-.1s1.2.1 1.6.1c.9-.7 1.2-1.8 1.2-2.9 0-1.7-1.4-2.9-3.6-2.9m-.1 6.8h-1.2v6.7c.3.8 1 1.1 2.1 1.1 2.3 0 3.5-1.8 3.5-4.2s-2.2-3.6-4.4-3.6M302.1 28.7V28c1-.1 2.6-.3 3-1.2V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h8.1v.7c-1.1.1-2.5.4-2.7.9v13.5l4.7-.1c1.8 0 2.9-1.7 2.9-3.9h.7v5.3zM319.9 28.7V28c1.2-.1 2.4-.4 2.6-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.4-.8-2.6-.9v-.7h8.2v.7c-1.2.1-2.4.4-2.6.9V27c.2.5 1.4.8 2.6.9v.7h-8.2zM347 28.1c-2 .6-2.6.9-5.7.9-5.3 0-9.2-3.8-9.2-8.7 0-5 4.1-8.4 9.2-8.4 2.6 0 4 .5 5.9.9v4.5h-.7c-.1-1.1-.6-2.4-1.5-3-.5-.3-1.7-1.3-3.9-1.3-3.7 0-5.8 3.1-5.8 6.7 0 4.8 2.7 8.2 7 8.2 1.4 0 2.4-.6 2.8-.9 1-.8 1.7-2 2-3.2l.8.1zM372.1 28.7V28c1.2 0 2.2-.4 2.5-.9V21h-8.8v6.1c.2.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7h-7.8V28c1.1 0 2.3-.4 2.5-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.8v.7c-1.1.1-2.3.4-2.5.9v5.7h8.8v-5.7c-.3-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.9v.7c-1.2.1-2.2.4-2.5.9v13.2c.3.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7zM388.9 28.7l-5.8.1v-.7c1.2-.1 2.9-.4 3.3-1.2v-13c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h10.7c.7 0 1.2-.1 1.5-.2h.6v4.3h-.7c-.1-2.3-1-2.9-3-2.9h-3.7v6.1h3.5c1.8 0 2.5 0 2.7-1.9h.6V23h-.7c-.2-2.1-.8-2.1-2.7-2.1h-3.5v5.6c.1.3.2.7.7.9l4.1-.1c1.7 0 2.9-.8 2.9-3h.6v4.3h-8.6zM410.8 28.7V28c1.2-.1 2.2-.3 2.4-.9l-1.7-4.8h-5.3l-1.7 4.5c.3.6 1.3 1.1 2.4 1.2v.7h-6.7V28c1.2-.1 2-.3 2.5-.9.7-1.8 1.5-3.7 2.3-5.8 1.1-2.9 2.2-5.7 2.8-7.5.3-.8.3-1.1.3-1.6h3.1c.1.8.1 1.3.3 2 .9 2.7 1.6 4.9 2.3 7.1.6 1.8 1.2 3.5 2.1 5.7.3.7 1.3 1 2.5 1.1v.7h-7.6zm-1.4-13-.3-1.2h-.1l-.4 1.2-1.9 5.3h4.4zM420.5 28.7V28c1-.1 2.6-.3 3-1.2V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h8.1v.7c-1.1.1-2.5.4-2.7.9v13.5l4.7-.1c1.8 0 2.9-1.7 2.9-3.9h.7v5.3zM453.8 17c-.1-2.2-1.2-3.3-3.1-3.4h-2.8v13c.6 1.2 2 1.4 3.2 1.4v.7h-9.3V28c1.2-.1 2.9-.3 3.2-1V13.6h-2.8c-1.9 0-3 1.2-3.1 3.4h-.7v-4.9h.6c.3.1.7.2 1.5.2h11.7c.6 0 1.2-.1 1.5-.2h.6V17zM470 28.7V28c1.2 0 2.2-.4 2.5-.9V21h-8.8v6.1c.2.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7h-7.8V28c1.1 0 2.3-.4 2.5-.9V13.9c-.2-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.8v.7c-1.1.1-2.3.4-2.5.9v5.7h8.8v-5.7c-.3-.5-1.3-.8-2.5-.9v-.7h7.9v.7c-1.2.1-2.2.4-2.5.9v13.2c.3.5 1.3.8 2.5.9v.7z"></path></g></svg></div></div><div class="desktop-footer-primary-panel__primary-links-wrapper"><nav aria-label="Footer Primary Links"><ul class="footer-primary-sections-list"><li class="footer-primary-sections-list__item"><div class="footer-section footer-section--no-data calendar-footer-section"><div class="footer-primary-link__button-link"><a href="/calendar/" tabindex="0" class="button button--large button--primary button--color-mode--blue button--link button-with-icon" aria-label="YSPH Calendar"><span class="button__label">YSPH Calendar</span><span class="button__icon" aria-hidden="true"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="footer-primary-link__button-link-icon"><rect width="22.5" height="19.5" x="0.75" y="3.75" rx="1.5" ry="1.5" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px"></rect><path d="M.75 9.75h22.5M6.75 6V.75M17.25 6V.75M5.625 13.5a.375.375 0 1 0 .375.375.375.375 0 0 0-.375-.375M5.625 18.75a.375.375 0 1 0 .375.375.375.375 0 0 0-.375-.375M12 13.5a.375.375 0 1 0 .375.375A.375.375 0 0 0 12 13.5M12 18.75a.375.375 0 1 0 .375.375.375.375 0 0 0-.375-.375M18.375 13.5a.375.375 0 1 0 .375.375.375.375 0 0 0-.375-.375M18.375 18.75a.375.375 0 1 0 .375.375.375.375 0 0 0-.375-.375" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px"></path></svg></span></a></div></div></li><li class="footer-primary-sections-list__item"><div class="footer-section addresses-footer-section"><div class="footer-primary-link__content"><section class="addresses-footer-section__addresses-container addresses-footer-section__addresses-container--single-address" aria-label="Organization Address"><address class="addresses-footer-section__address-item"><div class="addresses-footer-section__address-line">Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology</div><div class="addresses-footer-section__address-line">One Church Street, 6th Floor</div><div class="addresses-footer-section__address-line">New Haven, CT 06510</div></address></section></div><div class="footer-primary-link__button-link"><a href="/about/map/" tabindex="0" class="button button--large button--primary button--color-mode--blue button--link button-with-icon" aria-label="Maps & Directions"><span class="button__label">Maps & Directions</span><span class="button__icon" aria-hidden="true"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="footer-primary-link__button-link-icon"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="11.5" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></circle><path d="M11.352 18.758a.35.35 0 0 1-.66-.162v-4.938a.35.35 0 0 0-.35-.35H5.4a.35.35 0 0 1-.162-.66l11.751-6.109a.35.35 0 0 1 .472.472Z" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></span></a></div></div></li><li class="footer-primary-sections-list__item"><div class="footer-section social-media-footer-section"><div class="footer-primary-link__content"><ul class="social-media-footer-section__links-list"><li class="social-media-footer-section__link-list-item"><a href="https://facebook.com/WATer-and-Energy-Resources-Study-WATER-335490740648150/" class="social-media-footer-section__link" aria-label="facebook"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="social-media-footer-section__link-icon"><path d="M17.768 7.5H13.5V5.6a.972.972 0 0 1 1.012-1.1c.418 0 2.988.01 2.988.01V.5h-4.329C9.244.5 8.5 3.474 8.5 5.355V7.5h-3v4h3v12h5v-12h3.851Z" style="fill:currentColor;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="footer-primary-link__button-link"><a href="https://publichealth.yale.edu/cppee/contact/" tabindex="0" class="button button--large button--primary button--color-mode--blue button--link button-with-icon" aria-label="Contact Us"><span class="button__label">Contact Us</span><span class="button__icon" aria-hidden="true"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="footer-primary-link__button-link-icon"><rect width="22.5" height="15" x="0.75" y="4.5" rx="1.5" ry="1.5" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px"></rect><path d="M15.687 9.975 19.5 13.5M8.313 9.975 4.5 13.5M22.88 5.014l-9.513 6.56a2.41 2.41 0 0 1-2.734 0L1.12 5.014" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px"></path></svg></span></a></div></div></li></ul></nav></div></div></section></div></div><div class="footer__secondary-panel-wrapper"><div class="footer__content-container"><section class="footer__secondary-panel" aria-label="Secondary Links"><div class="footer__secondary-links"><nav class="footer-secondary-links-list" aria-label="Footer Secondary Links"><ul class="footer-secondary-links-list__list"><li class="footer-secondary-links-list__list-item"><a href="https://ysph.yale.edu/myysph/" class="footer-secondary-links-list__link" aria-label="Intranet">Intranet</a></li><li class="footer-secondary-links-list__list-item"><a href="mailto:ysm.editor@yale.edu" class="footer-secondary-links-list__link" aria-label="Site Editor">Site Editor</a></li><li class="footer-secondary-links-list__list-item"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/accessibility/" class="footer-secondary-links-list__link" aria-label="Accessibility at YSM">Accessibility at YSM</a></li><li class="footer-secondary-links-list__list-item"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/myysm/personal-resources/diversity-equity-inclusion/" class="footer-secondary-links-list__link" aria-label="Nondiscrimination & Title IX">Nondiscrimination & Title IX</a></li><li class="footer-secondary-links-list__list-item"><a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/myysm/personal-resources/safety-security-resources/" class="footer-secondary-links-list__link" aria-label="Safety & Security">Safety & Security</a></li><li class="footer-secondary-links-list__list-item"><a href="/privacy" class="footer-secondary-links-list__link" aria-label="Terms & Privacy Statement">Terms & Privacy Statement</a></li><li class="footer-secondary-links-list__list-item"><a href="https://yale.edu" class="footer-secondary-links-list__link" aria-label="Yale University">Yale University</a></li><li class="footer-secondary-links-list__list-item"><a href="http://guides.library.yale.edu/publichealth/" class="footer-secondary-links-list__link" aria-label="Library & Reference">Library & Reference</a></li><li class="footer-secondary-links-list__list-item"><button type="button" class="footer-secondary-links-list__button" tabindex="0"><span>Manage Cookie Preferences</span></button></li></ul></nav></div><div class="footer__copyright-wrapper"><small class="footer-copyright">漏 <!-- -->2025<!-- --> <!-- -->Yale School of Medicine<!-- -->. Updated <!-- -->09/17/2024</small></div></section></div></div></footer></div><div class="back-to-top-button back-to-top-button--hidden back-to-top-button--without-touch" aria-hidden="true"><button type="button" aria-label="Back to top" class="back-to-top-button__button" tabindex="-1"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class="back-to-top-button__arrow"><path d="M.75 17.189 11.47 6.47a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l10.72 10.719" style="fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:1.5px;fill-rule:evenodd"></path></svg></button></div></div><div class="outdated-browser-warning" aria-hidden="true">Your browser is antiquated and no longer supported on this website. Please update your browser or switch to Chrome, Firefox or Safari. <br/>You can update your IE here: <br/><a class="outdated-browser-warning__link" href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/17621/internet-explorer-downloads">https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/17621/internet-explorer-downloads</a></div></div> <script id='page-data' type='application/json'>{"header":{"key":"DepartmentHeader","orderOnPage":-1,"model":{"departmentHomeLink":{"url":"/ysph/cppee","text":"Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology "},"breadcrumbs":[{"url":"https://ysph.yale.edu/","text":"Yale School of Public Health"},{"url":"https://ysph.yale.edu/cppee/","text":"Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology (CPPEE)"}],"titleBackgroundColor":null,"isMarketingTemplate":false,"rootOrganizationType":"ysph","rootOrganizationLink":{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":"Ysph","currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph","text":"Yale School of Public Health"},"navigationItems":[{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/history","text":"History"},{"topLink":{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/projects","text":"Projects"},"subNavigationItems":[{"topLink":{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/projects/peach","text":"The PEACH Study"},"subNavigationItems":[{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/projects/peach/team","text":"Our Study Team"},{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/projects/peach/contact","text":"Our Contact Information"}],"hasCurrentLink":false},{"topLink":{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/projects/projects","text":"Current Projects"},"subNavigationItems":[{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/projects/projects/genetics","text":"Genetics"},{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/projects/projects/perinatal","text":"Perinatal Studies"},{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/projects/projects/air-pollution","text":"Air Pollution"},{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/projects/projects/environmental-exposures","text":"Environmental Exposures"},{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/projects/projects/covid19","text":"COVID-19"},{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/projects/projects/smoking-tobacco","text":"Smoking and Tobacco"},{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/projects/projects/cancer-studies","text":"Cancer Studies"},{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/projects/projects/metabolomics","text":"Metabolomics"},{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/projects/projects/training-grants","text":"Training Grants"}],"hasCurrentLink":false},{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/projects/pastprojects","text":"Recent Past Projects"}],"hasCurrentLink":false},{"topLink":{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/personnel","text":"Personnel"},"subNavigationItems":[{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/personnel/faculty","text":"Faculty"},{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/personnel/staff","text":"Staff"},{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/personnel/postdocs","text":"Post-Doctoral Associates"},{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/personnel/phdstudents","text":"PhD Students"},{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/personnel/visitingfellows","text":"Visiting Fellows"}],"hasCurrentLink":false},{"topLink":{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/publications","text":"Publications"},"subNavigationItems":[{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/publications/articles","text":"Articles"},{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/publications/books","text":"Books"},{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/publications/book-chapters","text":"Book Chapters"}],"hasCurrentLink":false},{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/news","text":"News"},{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/contact","text":"Contact Us"}],"browseLinks":[{"url":"/ysph/admissions-financial-aid/","text":"Prospective Students"},{"url":"/ysph/alumni/","text":"Alumni"},{"url":"/ysph/about-school-of-public-health/charitable-opportunities/","text":"Donors"},{"url":"/ysph/admissions-financial-aid/public-health-careers/employers/","text":"Employers"},{"url":"/ysph/school-of-public-health/graduate-programs/academic-calendar/","text":"Academic Calendar"},{"url":"/ysph/myysph/","text":"myYSPH Members"}],"searchUrl":"/ysph/cppee/search/","ctaLink":null}},"footer":{"key":"Footer","orderOnPage":-1,"model":{"organizationType":"ysph","primarySections":[{"eventsCount":0,"period":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","periodType":"month","link":{"url":"/ysph/calendar/","text":"YSPH Calendar"}},{"mailingAddresses":[{"id":3927,"officeName":null,"name":null,"addressLine1":"Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology","addressLine2":"One Church Street, 6th Floor","city":"New Haven","region":"CT","country":"United States","postalCode":"06510","category":null}],"link":{"url":"/ysph/about/map/","text":"Maps & Directions"}},{"socialMediaLinks":{"facebook":"https://facebook.com/WATer-and-Energy-Resources-Study-WATER-335490740648150/"},"link":{"url":"https://publichealth.yale.edu/cppee/contact/","text":"Contact Us"}}],"secondaryLinks":[{"url":"https://ysph.yale.edu/myysph/","text":"Intranet"},{"url":"mailto:ysm.editor@yale.edu","text":"Site Editor"},{"url":"https://medicine.yale.edu/accessibility/","text":"Accessibility at YSM"},{"url":"https://medicine.yale.edu/myysm/personal-resources/diversity-equity-inclusion/","text":"Nondiscrimination & Title IX"},{"url":"https://medicine.yale.edu/myysm/personal-resources/safety-security-resources/","text":"Safety & Security"},{"url":"/ysph/privacy","text":"Terms & Privacy Statement"},{"url":"https://yale.edu","text":"Yale University"},{"url":"http://guides.library.yale.edu/publichealth/","text":"Library & Reference"}],"poweredByLink":{"url":"https://medicine.yale.edu/communications/","text":"Powered by Yale School of Medicine web platforms"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-17T11:40:54.0676733Z"}},"pageSettings":{"hasContentOverlay":false,"hasCustomLayout":false,"isHomePage":true,"isHomePageLayout":false,"isDepartmentHeader":true,"showAnnouncementModal":false,"isWordPageVersion":false,"showEditPageSection":false,"useWideTemplate":true},"googleAdsSettings":{"key":"AW-581060698","conversionLabel":"AI0HCJuxw-YBENqQiZUC"},"googleTagManagerSettings":{"id":"GTM-KZSPNFG","isSpaTrackingEnabled":true},"freshpaintSettings":{"id":"b6b4bb12-e8a3-48f7-a8ed-aa0be94fb272","isEnabled":true},"facebookPixelSettings":{"id":"785831198674143","isEnabled":true},"trackersSettings":{"isMsClarityEnabled":true},"pageMetaData":{"socialMediaTitle":"Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology | Yale School of Public Health","siteName":"Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology ","keywords":"","twitterAccountName":null,"twitterCardType":"summary","facebookAppId":"604142276782606","url":"https://ysph.yale.edu/cppee/","resourceBaseUrl":"https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu","faviconUrl":"https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/icons/ysph/favicon.ico","iconsFolderUrl":"https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/icons/ysph","webManifestFolderUrl":"https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/web-manifests/ysph","browserConfigFolderUrl":"https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/browser-configs/ysph","title":"Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology | Yale School of Public Health","description":"The mission of the Center is to promote the health of women and children through epidemiologic research investigating the impact of environmental, genetic and clinical factors on pregnancy, birth and childhood.","imageMetaData":null,"videoMetaData":null,"audioMetaData":null,"author":null,"pageType":"website","publishDate":"2024-09-17T11:40:54.0676733Z","canonicalUrl":null,"isNoIndex":false},"popularSearches":[],"pageStructuredData":[],"cmsPageMetaData":{"id":19425,"lastPublishedDate":"2024-09-17T11:40:54.0676733Z","editPageUrl":"https://beatrix.yale.edu/cms/websites/436/pages/19425/content/edit"},"privacyCookiesUrl":"/ysph/privacy/#cookies","publicationUrl":"/ysph/cppee","topBanner":null,"mainComponents":[{"key":"GenericContent","orderOnPage":1,"model":{"title":"Welcome to The Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology (Yale CPPEE)","subtitle":"","paragraphs":[],"relatedLinks":{"title":"Related Link","description":null,"items":[],"columnsCount":1},"metaData":{"title":"Welcome to The Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology (Yale CPPEE)","description":null,"imageMetaData":null,"videoMetaData":null,"audioMetaData":null,"author":null,"pageType":null,"publishDate":null,"canonicalUrl":null,"isNoIndex":false}}},{"key":"Banner","orderOnPage":2,"model":{"title":"Mission Statement","description":"The mission of the Center is to promote the health of women and children through epidemiologic research investigating the impact of environmental, genetic and clinical factors on pregnancy, birth and childhood.","quote":null,"textColor":"#FFFFFF","backgroundImage":null,"backgroundColor":"#444C57","link":null,"sizeMode":"md","hasParallax":false,"subTitle":null,"metaData":{"title":null,"description":null,"imageMetaData":null,"videoMetaData":null,"audioMetaData":null,"author":null,"pageType":null,"publishDate":null,"canonicalUrl":null,"isNoIndex":false}}},{"key":"HighlightSmallBlock","orderOnPage":3,"model":{"title":"The Center's History","summary":"<p>The Yale Perinatal Epidemiology Unit (PEU) was founded in 1979 by then Dean of the Yale School of Medicine, Robert Berliner, to support research in this area being conducted by the departments of Epidemiology and Public Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Pediatrics (especially Neonatology).</p>","image":{"imageId":0,"url":"https://ysm-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/v1/yms/prod/c94105c0-1452-462d-8ccb-ee9454558783","altText":"MotherAndInfant","width":1000,"height":735,"imageVariants":[]},"link":{"url":"/ysph/cppee/history","text":""}}},{"key":"GenericContent","orderOnPage":4,"model":{"title":"Related Links","subtitle":"","paragraphs":[{"heading":"","text":"<ul>\r\n <li>\r\n <a href=\"https://publichealth.yale.edu/\">Yale School of Public Health</a>\r\n </li>\r\n <li>\r\n <a href=\"https://library.medicine.yale.edu/\">Yale School of Medicine Library</a>\r\n </li>\r\n <li>\r\n <a href=\"http://www.cochranelibrary.com/\">Cochrane Library</a>\r\n </li>\r\n <li>\r\n <a href=\"https://www.cochrane.org/\">Cochrane Collaboration</a>\r\n </li>\r\n <li>\r\n <a href=\"https://hipaa.yale.edu/\">Yale HIPAA</a>\r\n </li>\r\n</ul>","photo":null,"imageLink":null,"photoMode":"medium","horizontalPhotoAlignment":"right","verticalPhotoAlignment":"top","textInset":{"heading":"","text":""}},{"heading":"Other Related Links","text":"<ul>\r\n <li>\r\n <a href=\"http://www3.epa.gov/\">US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)</a>\r\n </li>\r\n <li>\r\n <a href=\"https://www.niaid.nih.gov/\">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)</a>\r\n </li>\r\n <li>\r\n <a href=\"https://www.nichd.nih.gov/\">National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)</a>\r\n </li>\r\n <li>\r\n <a href=\"https://www.niehs.nih.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)</a>\r\n </li>\r\n <li>\r\n <a href=\"https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/what-we-do/nih-almanac/national-heart-lung-blood-institute-nhlbi\" target=\"_blank\">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)</a>\r\n </li>\r\n <li>\r\n <a href=\"https://www.aaaai.org/\">American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI)</a>\r\n </li>\r\n <li>\r\n <a href=\"https://neonatal.cochrane.org/our-work/our-reviews\">NICHD Cochrane Neonatal Home Page</a>\r\n </li>\r\n</ul>","photo":null,"imageLink":null,"photoMode":"small","horizontalPhotoAlignment":"right","verticalPhotoAlignment":"top","textInset":{"heading":"","text":""}}],"relatedLinks":{"title":"Related Link","description":null,"items":[],"columnsCount":1},"metaData":{"title":"Related Links","description":"Yale School of Public Health\r \r \r Yale School of Medicine Library\r \r \r Cochrane Library\r \r \r Cochrane Collaboration\r \r \r Yale HIPAA","imageMetaData":null,"videoMetaData":null,"audioMetaData":null,"author":null,"pageType":null,"publishDate":null,"canonicalUrl":null,"isNoIndex":false}}}],"sidebarComponents":[],"contextNavigation":{"siteTitle":"Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology ","isTopLevelPage":true,"navigationItems":[{"link":{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/history","text":"History"},"type":"pageLink","isActive":false,"isHomeLink":false},{"link":{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/projects","text":"Projects"},"type":"subLevelLink","isActive":false,"isHomeLink":false},{"link":{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/personnel","text":"Personnel"},"type":"subLevelLink","isActive":false,"isHomeLink":false},{"link":{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/publications","text":"Publications"},"type":"subLevelLink","isActive":false,"isHomeLink":false},{"link":{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/news","text":"News"},"type":"pageLink","isActive":false,"isHomeLink":false},{"link":{"isCurrentLink":false,"rootOrganizationPrefix":null,"currentLinkUrl":null,"url":"/ysph/cppee/contact","text":"Contact Us"},"type":"pageLink","isActive":false,"isHomeLink":false}]}}</script> <script>window['applicationSettings'] = {"shouldShowSuppressedImageWarnings":false,"shouldShowBugReportButton":false,"shouldShowDownloadAsWordButton":false,"captchaKey":"a46dfca5-98da-4ec7-83e2-16980be648d0","facebookShareUrl":"https://www.facebook.com/dialog/share?app_id=604142276782606&display=popup&href=","isSearchFeedbackEnabled":true,"isSearchAnalyticsEnabled":true,"siteimproveScriptUrl":"https://siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_373.js","radarKey":"prj_live_pk_e9bc38cc9ac871b02332c0d599d7a893c03ad94d","mediaStatistics":{"baseUrl":"https://media-statistics-prod.ysmdevs.com","apiKey":"249c64e3-d0cc-45ed-97a0-5d3106411485","isEnabled":true}};</script> <noscript id="modern__LOADABLE_REQUIRED_CHUNKS__">[6602,7651,3877,4413,3053]</noscript><noscript id="modern__LOADABLE_REQUIRED_CHUNKS___ext">{"namedChunks":["modules-page-components-ComponentWrapper","features-generic-content-components-GenericContent","features-banner-components-Banner","features-highlight-block-components-HighlightSmallBlock","modules-footer-components-Footer"]}</noscript> <script async data-chunk="main" src="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/main.es2015.ff4738d7fae8cd594b64.js" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script async data-chunk="features-generic-content-components-GenericContent" src="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/6602.es2015.c65f3c1288139a7cc6e5.js" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script async data-chunk="features-banner-components-Banner" src="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/7651.es2015.df8b8aeaf41f78f2ec07.js" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script async data-chunk="features-banner-components-Banner" src="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/3877.es2015.4f746afe110108282a20.js" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script async data-chunk="features-highlight-block-components-HighlightSmallBlock" src="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/4413.es2015.6facd71d6f9bf8cd7ce8.js" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script async data-chunk="modules-footer-components-Footer" src="https://cdn1.medicine.yale.edu/build/3053.es2015.359573b73638d4069b34.js" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.typekit.net/eqf4dwf.css" as="style" crossorigin> <!--<![endif]--> <script async type="text/plain" data-cookiecategory="analytics" src="https://siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_373.js"></script> </body> </html>