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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Administrative history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wider_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wider_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Wider politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wider_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culture and film</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_film-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture and film subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Art_Deco_architecture_in_Thurrock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_Deco_architecture_in_Thurrock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Art Deco architecture in Thurrock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_Deco_architecture_in_Thurrock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Attractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Partnerships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnerships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Partnerships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnerships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newspapers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newspapers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Newspapers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newspapers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport_and_leisure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_and_leisure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sport and leisure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_and_leisure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_places_in_the_borough" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_places_in_the_borough"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>List of places in the borough</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_places_in_the_borough-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of places in the borough subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_places_in_the_borough-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historic_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Historic buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freedom_of_the_Borough" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedom_of_the_Borough"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Freedom of the Borough</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Freedom_of_the_Borough-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Freedom of the Borough subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Freedom_of_the_Borough-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Individuals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_Units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_Units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Military Units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_Units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83" title="ثوروك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثوروك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thurrock" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Thurrock" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borough_of_Thurrock" title="Borough of Thurrock – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Borough of Thurrock" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwrdeistref_Thurrock" title="Bwrdeistref Thurrock – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bwrdeistref Thurrock" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thurrock" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Thurrock" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Thurrock" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_(%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="ثارک (انگلستان) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ثارک (انگلستان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thurrock" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%9F%AD" title="서럭 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서럭" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Thurrock" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Thurrock" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taroka" title="Taroka – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Taroka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Thurrock" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thurrock" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Thurrock" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Thurrock" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Thurrock" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Thurrock" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Таррок – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Таррок" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thurrock" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Thurrock" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Thurrock" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Таррек – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Таррек" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="تھاراک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تھاراک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B" title="土洛克 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="土洛克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%91%9F%E7%BE%85%E5%85%8B" title="瑟羅克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="瑟羅克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Thurrock&params=51_30_N_0_25_E_region:GB_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">0°25′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.500°N 0.417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.500; 0.417</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Borough in Essex, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the district formed in 1974. For the Parliament constituency, see <a href="/wiki/Thurrock_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Thurrock (UK Parliament constituency)">Thurrock (UK Parliament constituency)</a>. For the district from 1936-1974, see <a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Urban_District" title="Thurrock Urban District">Thurrock Urban District</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Unitary authority area and borough in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Thurrock</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Borough of Thurrock</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authority area</a> and <a href="/wiki/Borough_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Borough status in the United Kingdom">borough</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shoreline_at_Grays_and_Thurrock_Yacht_Club_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2546419.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grays town skyline"><img alt="Grays town skyline" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Shoreline_at_Grays_and_Thurrock_Yacht_Club_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2546419.jpg/240px-Shoreline_at_Grays_and_Thurrock_Yacht_Club_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2546419.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Shoreline_at_Grays_and_Thurrock_Yacht_Club_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2546419.jpg/360px-Shoreline_at_Grays_and_Thurrock_Yacht_Club_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2546419.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Shoreline_at_Grays_and_Thurrock_Yacht_Club_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2546419.jpg/480px-Shoreline_at_Grays_and_Thurrock_Yacht_Club_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2546419.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><a href="/wiki/Grays,_Essex" title="Grays, Essex">Grays</a> town skyline</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thurrock_UK_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shown within Essex"><img alt="Shown within Essex" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Thurrock_UK_locator_map.svg/200px-Thurrock_UK_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Thurrock_UK_locator_map.svg/300px-Thurrock_UK_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Thurrock_UK_locator_map.svg/400px-Thurrock_UK_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Shown within <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Thurrock&params=51_30_00_N_0_25_00_E_region:GB_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°30′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°25′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.50000°N 0.41667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.50000; 0.41667</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England">East</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_county" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceremonial county">Ceremonial county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Admin HQ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grays,_Essex" title="Grays, Essex">Grays</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Council" title="Thurrock Council">Thurrock Council</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the 2015 United Kingdom general election">MPs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jen_Craft" title="Jen Craft">Jen Craft</a> <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">(Labour)</a><br /><a href="/wiki/James_McMurdock" title="James McMurdock">James McMurdock</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK">Reform</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">163.38 km<sup>2</sup> (63.08 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts_by_population" title="List of English districts by population">Ranked 118th</a><br />176,877</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,080/km<sup>2</sup> (2,800/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Ethnicity <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021</a>)</span><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2021_Nomis_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Nomis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">Ethnic groups</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 76.7% <a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">White</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 11.9% <a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 6.9% <a href="/wiki/British_Asians" title="British Asians">Asian</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 3% <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 1.5% <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">other</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Religion <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2021_Nomis_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Nomis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">Religion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 51.7% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England#Christianity" title="Religion in England">Christianity</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 34.7% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Irreligion in the United Kingdom">no religion</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 8.7% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">other</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 4.9% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_England" title="Islam in England">Islam</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GMT" class="mw-redirect" title="GMT">GMT</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/British_Summer_Time" title="British Summer Time">British Summer Time</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">GB-THR</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ONS_coding_system" title="ONS coding system">ONS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">00KG (ONS)<br />E06000034 (GSS)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thurrock.gov.uk">thurrock<wbr />.gov<wbr />.uk</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thurrock</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/θ/: 'th' in 'thigh'">θ</span><span title="/ʌr/: 'urr' in 'hurry'">ʌr</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">unitary authority area</a> with <a href="/wiki/Borough_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Borough status in the United Kingdom">borough status</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">ceremonial county</a> of <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a>, England. It lies on the north bank of the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a> immediately east of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and has over 18 miles (29 km) of riverfront including the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Tilbury" title="Port of Tilbury">Port of Tilbury</a>, the principal port for London. Thurrock is within the <a href="/wiki/London_commuter_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="London commuter belt">London commuter belt</a> and is an area of regeneration within the <a href="/wiki/Thames_Gateway" title="Thames Gateway">Thames Gateway</a> redevelopment zone. The borough includes the northern ends of the <a href="/wiki/Dartford_Crossing" title="Dartford Crossing">Dartford Crossing</a>. </p><p>The local authority is <a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Council" title="Thurrock Council">Thurrock Council</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Grays,_Essex" title="Grays, Essex">Grays</a>. The borough also includes <a href="/wiki/Purfleet-on-Thames" class="mw-redirect" title="Purfleet-on-Thames">Purfleet-on-Thames</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Ockendon" title="South Ockendon">South Ockendon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford-le-Hope" title="Stanford-le-Hope">Stanford-le-Hope</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tilbury" title="Tilbury">Tilbury</a>, as well as other villages and surrounding areas. More than half of the borough is designated as <a href="/wiki/Green_Belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Belt">Green Belt</a>. </p><p>The neighbouring districts are the <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Havering" title="London Borough of Havering">London Borough of Havering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Brentwood" title="Borough of Brentwood">Brentwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Basildon" title="Borough of Basildon">Basildon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Castle_Point" title="Castle Point">Castle Point</a>. On the opposite side of the Thames are <a href="/wiki/Gravesham" title="Gravesham">Gravesham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Dartford" title="Borough of Dartford">Dartford</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mammoths" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammoths">Mammoths</a> once grazed in the Thurrock area<sup id="cite_ref-catton_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catton-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and archaeologists unearthed the remains of a jungle cat. Humans have lived in the area since <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_times" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric times">prehistoric times</a><sup id="cite_ref-catton_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catton-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the land has been farmed by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Romans</a><sup id="cite_ref-catton_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catton-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-catton_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catton-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thurrock has numerous <a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Thurrock" title="List of archaeological sites in Thurrock">archaeological sites</a> including the major excavation at <a href="/wiki/Mucking_excavation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucking excavation">Mucking</a>. The name "Thurrock" is a Saxon name meaning "the bottom of a ship".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wool-market.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Wool-market.jpg/220px-Wool-market.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Wool-market.jpg/330px-Wool-market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Wool-market.jpg/440px-Wool-market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>The Woolmarket, Horndon-on-the-Hill</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Horndon-on-the-Hill" title="Horndon-on-the-Hill">Horndon-on-the-Hill</a> was the site of an <a href="/wiki/Horndon_mint" title="Horndon mint">11th century mint</a> as well as the 15th century woolmarket which gives an indication of the area's wealth in the 15th century. The narrowing of the river where Tilbury now stands meant it was important in the defence of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a> built three blockhouses, two on the Tilbury side and another on the Gravesend side of the river, following the end of his marriage to <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Aragon" title="Catherine of Aragon">Catherine of Aragon</a>. </p><p>In 1381, villagers from <a href="/wiki/Fobbing" title="Fobbing">Fobbing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mucking" title="Mucking">Mucking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stanford-le-Hope" title="Stanford-le-Hope">Stanford-le-Hope</a> instigated the <a href="/wiki/Peasants%27_Revolt" title="Peasants' Revolt">Peasants' Revolt</a> when they were called to <a href="/wiki/Brentwood,_Essex" title="Brentwood, Essex">Brentwood</a> to pay the <a href="/wiki/Poll_tax" title="Poll tax">poll tax</a>. When they refused to pay, a riot ensued which was the catalyst for a mass protest across <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>. </p><p>Later, in 1588 <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I</a> addressed her troops not far from the Tilbury blockhouse as the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada" title="Spanish Armada">Spanish Armada</a> sailed up the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>. Between 1670 and 1682, the Tilbury blockhouse was substantially rebuilt into a much larger fortification (<a href="/wiki/Tilbury_Fort" title="Tilbury Fort">Tilbury Fort</a>) and Coalhouse Fort was built further down river, close to the second blockhouse. The importance of the forts in defending the country continued through <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleonic</a> times and into the two world wars. The land where Tilbury Town now stands was farmland and marsh grazing until the building of the docks in the 1890s. Thurrock includes the <a href="/wiki/East_Tilbury#History" title="East Tilbury">Bata village</a>, built for workers of the shoe company in 1933. Eight homes and the factory are listed. </p><p>Historically, the area was renowned for mineral extraction, including clay, aggregates and notably the digging of huge amounts of chalk from the West Thurrock area for use in the now defunct cement industries. When chalk extraction ceased one of the disused pits was redeveloped as Lakeside Shopping Centre. A number of former pits have been used to form the Chafford Gorges Nature Reserve, managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Captain_Kidd">Captain Kidd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Captain Kidd"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The body of <a href="/wiki/William_Kidd" title="William Kidd">Captain Kidd</a> was displayed in Thurrock. He had been convicted of piracy and hanged on 23 May 1701, at '<a href="/wiki/Execution_Dock" title="Execution Dock">Execution Dock</a>', <a href="/wiki/Wapping" title="Wapping">Wapping</a>. His body was <i><a href="/wiki/Gibbet" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibbet">gibbeted</a></i> — left to hang in an iron cage over the Thames at Tilbury Point<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> — as a warning to future would-be pirates for twenty years. Some sources give the location where his body was exhibited as Tilbury Ness, but this may be an alternative name for the same place. There is some uncertainty as to whether his body was displayed at what is now called Coalhouse Point or at a site a few hundred yards up stream, close to the present Tilbury Docks.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1953_Floods">1953 Floods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1953 Floods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 31 January 1953, the low-lying areas of Thurrock were inundated by the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea_flood_of_1953" title="North Sea flood of 1953">North Sea flood of 1953</a>. The Van den Berghs and Jurgens margarine factory, which manufactured <a href="/wiki/Stork_margarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Stork margarine">Stork margarine</a>, was forced to stop production for many months. Since the output of this factory constituted one third of the country's ration allocation, this led to a severe strain on the supply of margarine in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most schools in Thurrock were closed, either as a direct result of the flooding or in order to use them to help the relief effort. More than 1300 people in <a href="/wiki/Tilbury" title="Tilbury">Tilbury</a> and other low-lying areas were evacuated to schools on the higher ground.<sup id="cite_ref-1953_Floods_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1953_Floods-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chadwell St Mary Primary school was used as the main welfare centre for the homeless.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 15 February, most schools had returned to normal. The last to resume were the Landsdowne school in Tilbury and the newly opened Woodside Primary School – then called Tyrell Heath School.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Friday 13 February, the flooded areas were visited by the young <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a><sup id="cite_ref-1953_Floods_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1953_Floods-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite severe loss of life in nearby <a href="/wiki/Canvey_Island" title="Canvey Island">Canvey Island</a>, only one person in Thurrock died as a result of the floods.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heritage_plaques">Heritage plaques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Heritage plaques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2002, a partnership between Thurrock Council, Thurrock Heritage Forum and the Thurrock Local History Society began an initiative to place heritage plaques marking the famous people, events and organisations associated with Thurrock.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By September 2021 plaques included: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Conrad" title="Joseph Conrad">Joseph Conrad</a></li> <li>Alice Mangold Diehl (Musician and Novelist, born in <a href="/wiki/Aveley" title="Aveley">Aveley</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dracula" title="Dracula">Dracula</a>'s connection to Purfleet</li> <li>The arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_Windrush" class="mw-redirect" title="Empire Windrush">Empire Windrush</a> at Tilbury on 21 June 1948</li> <li>The training ship Exmouth</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Kynoch" title="Kynoch">Kynoch</a> factory in the <a href="/wiki/Corringham,_Essex" title="Corringham, Essex">Corringham</a> marshes</li> <li>The shooting down of <a href="/wiki/Zeppelin" title="Zeppelin">Zeppelin</a> L15 at <a href="/wiki/Purfleet" title="Purfleet">Purfleet</a> in 1916</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Motorcycles#Phil_Vincent" title="Vincent Motorcycles">Philip Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a> and his house at <a href="/wiki/The_Dell_(Thurrock)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dell (Thurrock)">the Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Young_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Young (writer)">Arthur Young</a></li> <li>The establishment of the town of <a href="/wiki/Tilbury" title="Tilbury">Tilbury</a> in 1912</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Newton" title="John Newton">John Newton</a>'s connection with <a href="/wiki/Aveley" title="Aveley">Aveley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Purfleet" title="Purfleet">Purfleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>'s connection with the design of a lightning conductor for the Purfleet gunpowder magazine<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_de_Grey" title="Henry de Grey">Henry de Grey</a>, who gave his name to <a href="/wiki/Grays,_Essex" title="Grays, Essex">Grays</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Luard" title="Kate Luard">Kate Luard</a>, the much decorated Boer War and First World War nurse</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_history">Administrative history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Administrative history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The borough has its origins in the <a href="/wiki/Orsett" title="Orsett">Orsett</a> <a href="/wiki/Poor_Law_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Poor Law Union">Poor Law Union</a>, which had been created in 1835 covering a group of 18 parishes in southern Essex.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poor Law Unions subsequently formed the basis for later local government structures, with the Orsett <a href="/wiki/Sanitary_district" title="Sanitary district">Rural Sanitary District</a> created in 1872 covering the same area. The parish of <a href="/wiki/Grays_Thurrock" class="mw-redirect" title="Grays Thurrock">Grays Thurrock</a> was made its own <a href="/wiki/Local_board_of_health" title="Local board of health">urban sanitary district</a> in 1886.<sup id="cite_ref-Essex1914_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Essex1914-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Urban and rural sanitary districts were converted into <a href="/wiki/Urban_district_(England_and_Wales)" title="Urban district (England and Wales)">urban districts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rural_districts" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural districts">rural districts</a> in 1894.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two further urban districts were later created from parts of the <a href="/wiki/Orsett_Rural_District" title="Orsett Rural District">Orsett Rural District</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Tilbury_Urban_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tilbury Urban District">Tilbury Urban District</a> in 1912 covering the parish of <a href="/wiki/Chadwell_St_Mary" title="Chadwell St Mary">Chadwell St Mary</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Purfleet_Urban_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Purfleet Urban District">Purfleet Urban District</a> in 1929 covering the three parishes of <a href="/wiki/Aveley" title="Aveley">Aveley</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Ockendon" title="South Ockendon">South Ockendon</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Thurrock" title="West Thurrock">West Thurrock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 1929 the area therefore comprised four district-level authorities: one rural district, containing 13 civil parishes, and three urban districts:<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grays_Thurrock_Urban_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Grays Thurrock Urban District">Grays Thurrock Urban District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purfleet_Urban_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Purfleet Urban District">Purfleet Urban District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilbury_Urban_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tilbury Urban District">Tilbury Urban District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orsett_Rural_District" title="Orsett Rural District">Orsett Rural District</a>, with its parishes being: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulphan" title="Bulphan">Bulphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corringham,_Essex" title="Corringham, Essex">Corringham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Tilbury" title="East Tilbury">East Tilbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fobbing" title="Fobbing">Fobbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horndon_on_the_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Horndon on the Hill">Horndon on the Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdon_Hills" title="Langdon Hills">Langdon Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Thurrock" title="Little Thurrock">Little Thurrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucking" title="Mucking">Mucking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Ockendon" title="North Ockendon">North Ockendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orsett" title="Orsett">Orsett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford-le-Hope" title="Stanford-le-Hope">Stanford-le-Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stifford" title="Stifford">Stifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Tilbury" title="West Tilbury">West Tilbury</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>In 1936 the four districts were all abolished to create the <a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Urban_District" title="Thurrock Urban District">Thurrock Urban District</a> (subject to some minor boundary changes with surrounding areas, notably at North Ockendon). All the civil parishes within the area were merged at the same time to become a single parish called Thurrock.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The present-day borough of Thurrock was created in on 1 April 1974 under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">Local Government Act 1972</a>, covering almost the same area as the former Thurrock Urban District, which was abolished, with just a minor change on the border with <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Basildon" title="Borough of Basildon">Basildon</a> to place the whole designated area for Basildon <a href="/wiki/New_Towns_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="New Towns in the United Kingdom">new town</a> in that district.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The civil parish of Thurrock was also abolished as part of the reforms and the area became an <a href="/wiki/Unparished_area" title="Unparished area">unparished area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reformed Thurrock district was given <a href="/wiki/Borough_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Borough status in the United Kingdom">borough status</a> at the same time, allowing the chair of the council to take the title of mayor.<sup id="cite_ref-hans74_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hans74-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until 1998 Thurrock was a lower-tier <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">district</a> authority, with <a href="/wiki/Essex_County_Council" title="Essex County Council">Essex County Council</a> providing <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">county-level</a> services. Thurrock was made a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Unitary authorities in England">unitary authority</a> on 1 April 1998, taking over the county-level services.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thurrock remains part of the <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_county" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceremonial county">ceremonial county</a> of Essex for the purposes of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenancy_area" title="Lieutenancy area">lieutenancy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Council" title="Thurrock Council">Thurrock Council</a></div> <p>There is only one tier of local government in Thurrock, being the unitary authority of <a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Council" title="Thurrock Council">Thurrock Council</a>. There are no <a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">civil parishes</a> in the borough, with the whole borough being an <a href="/wiki/Unparished_area" title="Unparished area">unparished area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The local authority is <a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Council" title="Thurrock Council">Thurrock Council</a>. <a href="/wiki/Thurrock_local_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Thurrock local elections">Elections</a> are held in three years out of every four. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wider_politics">Wider politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Wider politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thurrock is covered by two parliamentary constituencies. <a href="/wiki/Thurrock_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Thurrock (UK Parliament constituency)">Thurrock</a> includes most of the borough while <a href="/wiki/South_Basildon_and_East_Thurrock_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="South Basildon and East Thurrock (UK Parliament constituency)">South Basildon and East Thurrock</a> includes some wards in the east of the borough. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Thurrock_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1515300.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/West_Thurrock_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1515300.jpg/220px-West_Thurrock_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1515300.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/West_Thurrock_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1515300.jpg/330px-West_Thurrock_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1515300.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/West_Thurrock_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1515300.jpg/440px-West_Thurrock_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1515300.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Old and new: <a href="/wiki/St_Clement%27s_Church,_West_Thurrock" title="St Clement's Church, West Thurrock">St Clement's Church, West Thurrock</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">Procter & Gamble</a> chemical plant on the banks of the Thames behind it.</figcaption></figure> <p>Thurrock has a population of 175,500 <sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> people living in 90,500 homes. The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Green_Belt" title="Metropolitan Green Belt">Metropolitan Green Belt</a> covers 70% of the borough. There are 494 acres (200 ha) of land available for industrial use.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are seven <a href="/wiki/Conservation_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation area">conservation areas</a>, 19 <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monument" title="Scheduled monument">scheduled monuments</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Dovecote" title="Dovecote">dovecote</a> at <a href="/wiki/High_House_Purfleet" class="mw-redirect" title="High House Purfleet">High House Purfleet</a>, and 239 <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed buildings</a>. </p><p>The borough contains ten <a href="/wiki/Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest" class="mw-redirect" title="Sites of Special Scientific Interest">Sites of Special Scientific Interest</a>: </p> <ul><li>Globe Pit, Grays</li> <li>Grays Chalk Pit</li> <li>Lion Pit, Grays</li> <li>Purfleet Chalk Pits</li> <li>West Thurrock Lagoon and Marshes</li> <li>Inner Thames Marshes</li> <li>Vange and Fobbing Marshes</li> <li>Basildon Meadows</li> <li>Mucking Flats and Marshes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangman%27s_Wood" class="mw-redirect" title="Hangman's Wood">Hangman's Wood</a> and Deneholes</li></ul> <p>Despite much of the borough being protected Green Belt land, Thurrock provides localised opportunities for further industrial and commercial development. The borough forms part of the <a href="/wiki/Thames_Gateway" title="Thames Gateway">Thames Gateway</a> regeneration area, a corridor of opportunity that has been identified by central government as the area with greatest development and commercial potential in the country. <a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Development_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Thurrock Development Corporation">Thurrock Development Corporation</a> took over much of the borough's planning functions from its creation in 2005 until its demise in March 2011. </p><p>Much of the population and commercial activity is centred along the riverfront. This includes many large and important industrial sites, including two large oil refineries, manufacturing industries, a container port, cruise liner terminal, distribution warehousing and one of Britain's largest refuse disposal sites at the appropriately named settlement of Mucking. Thurrock is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Lakeside_Shopping_Centre" title="Lakeside Shopping Centre">Lakeside Shopping Centre</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Köppen Climate Classification">Köppen Climate Classification</a> subtype for this climate is "<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification#Group_C:_Temperate/mesothermal_climates" title="Köppen climate classification">Cfb</a>" (Marine West Coast Climate/<a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">Oceanic climate</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Thurrock </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8<br />(46) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8<br />(46) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11<br />(52) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12<br />(54) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16<br />(61) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18<br />(64) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21<br />(70) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22<br />(72) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18<br />(64) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14<br />(57) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10<br />(50) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8<br />(46) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14<br />(57) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(41) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4<br />(39) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6<br />(43) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6<br />(43) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10<br />(50) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12<br />(54) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15<br />(59) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15<br />(59) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12<br />(54) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10<br />(50) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6<br />(43) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(41) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9<br />(48) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">117 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Weatherbase<sup id="cite_ref-Weatherbase_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weatherbase-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:10em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">82,100</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3184.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">114,300</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+39.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">125,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">127,400</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1985 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">124,600</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 1991">1991</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">128,700</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1995 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">133,400</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2001" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2001">2001</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">143,300</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2005 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">148,900</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2007 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">152,200</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2011">2011</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">158,300</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.0%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">All totals rounded to nearest hundred<br />Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.populstat.info/Europe/unkingdt.htm">Populstat</a> & <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/1946157204/subreports/pop_time_series/report.aspx?">NOMIS</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a> of 2011, there were 157,705 people, 62,353 households and 45,985 families residing in the borough. The population density was 9.7 people per hectare. There were 63,869 housing units. The racial makeup of the borough was 86% White, 3.8% Asian, 7.8% Black, 2% Mixed Race, 0.6% other. </p><p>There were 62,353 households, out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.7% were <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">married couples</a> living together, 52.5% of all households were made up of individuals, 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.<sup id="cite_ref-statistics1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistics1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The median age in the borough was 42. 25.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.3% of residents were between the ages of 19 and 24; 30.3% were from 25 to 44; 24.2% were from 45 to 64; and 38.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.3% male and 50.6% female.<sup id="cite_ref-statistics1_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistics1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Thurrock at current basic prices published<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (pp. 240–253) by the Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pounds Sterling</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Regional gross value added<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Agriculture<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Industry<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Services<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1995</td> <td><b>1,406</b></td> <td>8</td> <td>657</td> <td>741 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000</td> <td><b>1,737</b></td> <td>4</td> <td>677</td> <td>1,056 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003</td> <td><b>1,995</b></td> <td>5</td> <td>664</td> <td>1,327 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_film">Culture and film</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Culture and film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thurrock has been the scene of several major films.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> St Clement's Church and street scenes at <a href="/wiki/West_Thurrock" title="West Thurrock">West Thurrock</a> were used in the making of the film <i><a href="/wiki/Four_Weddings_and_a_Funeral" title="Four Weddings and a Funeral">Four Weddings and a Funeral</a></i>. Thurrock can also be seen in <i><a href="/wiki/28_Days_Later" title="28 Days Later">28 Days Later</a></i>. Scenes from the films <i><a href="/wiki/Alfie_(2004_film)" title="Alfie (2004 film)">Alfie</a></i> (2004), and <i><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Last_Crusade" title="Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade">Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade</a></i> were shot at Tilbury docks. The opening scenes from <i><a href="/wiki/Batman_Begins" title="Batman Begins">Batman Begins</a></i> (2005) were shot at Coalhouse Fort in East Tilbury. Some filming also took place for the film <i><a href="/wiki/Essex_Boys" title="Essex Boys">Essex Boys</a></i> in and around the Bata estate at East Tilbury. The <a href="/wiki/State_Cinema" title="State Cinema">State Cinema</a>, where Eddie met Roger in the classic <i><a href="/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" title="Who Framed Roger Rabbit">Who Framed Roger Rabbit</a></i>, can be found in Grays. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art_Deco_architecture_in_Thurrock">Art Deco architecture in Thurrock</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Art Deco architecture in Thurrock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_State_Nov_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/The_State_Nov_07.jpg/220px-The_State_Nov_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/The_State_Nov_07.jpg/330px-The_State_Nov_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/The_State_Nov_07.jpg/440px-The_State_Nov_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The State Cinema in 2007</figcaption></figure><p> There are a number of examples of <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco#Design" title="Art Deco">Art Deco architecture</a> in Thurrock. The baggage hall at Tilbury was opened in 1930. It has an art deco interior, designed by <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Cooper_(architect)" title="Edwin Cooper (architect)">Sir Edwin Cooper</a> and is a grade II listed building.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The State cinema is also a listed building and dates from 1938. It is one of the few surviving examples of 1930s cinema architecture. It has the original cinema organ which can still be played. However, in the early 21st century the building became disused and faced dereliction. In September 2015 it was announced that <a href="/wiki/Wetherspoons" title="Wetherspoons">J D Wetherspoon</a> had bought the property for conversion to a public house.(<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Building of the <a href="/wiki/Bata_Shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bata Shoes">Bata Shoes</a> estate in East Tilbury was begun in 1933, and this is now a conservation area.JD Wetherspoon have since put the State Cinema building up for sale after announcing they would no longer be converting it to a public house January 2023 </p><p>Chadwell St Mary has one of the few examples of a "Sunspan" house designed by the architect <a href="/wiki/Wells_Coates" title="Wells Coates">Wells Coates</a>. Although built in the 1950s, Woodside Primary School's architecture has been described as the slightly earlier "ocean liner" style of Art Deco. The building features a number of bricked curves and circular windows, while the wrought-iron banisters on the stairs are deliberately set to lean out at an angle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attractions">Attractions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dovecote_HHPP_purfleet.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Dovecote_HHPP_purfleet.JPG/220px-Dovecote_HHPP_purfleet.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Dovecote_HHPP_purfleet.JPG/330px-Dovecote_HHPP_purfleet.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Dovecote_HHPP_purfleet.JPG/440px-Dovecote_HHPP_purfleet.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>The Dovecote at High House</figcaption></figure> <p>There is one multiplex cinema attached to the Lakeside Shopping Centre, and the Thameside Theatre in <a href="/wiki/Grays,_Essex" title="Grays, Essex">Grays</a>. Live shows are held at the Circus Tavern in <a href="/wiki/Purfleet" title="Purfleet">Purfleet</a>. Open space includes <a href="/wiki/Chafford_Gorges_Nature_Park" title="Chafford Gorges Nature Park">Chafford Gorges Nature Park</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Langdon_Hills_Country_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langdon Hills Country Park (page does not exist)">Langdon Hills Country Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grove_House_Wood" title="Grove House Wood">Grove House Wood</a>, managed by <a href="/wiki/Essex_Wildlife_Trust" title="Essex Wildlife Trust">Essex Wildlife Trust</a>. Museums and historic buildings include <a href="/wiki/Coalhouse_Fort" title="Coalhouse Fort">Coalhouse Fort</a> at <a href="/wiki/East_Tilbury" title="East Tilbury">East Tilbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tilbury_Fort" title="Tilbury Fort">Tilbury Fort</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tilbury" title="Tilbury">Tilbury</a>, Purfleet Heritage and Military Centre, <a href="/wiki/High_House,_Purfleet" title="High House, Purfleet">High House, Purfleet</a> with its historic farm buildings, the Royal Opera House's Bob and Tamar Manoukian Production Workshop, The Backstage Centre and ACME artists' studios, Thurrock Museum and Walton Hall Farm Museum. </p><p>Next to <a href="/wiki/Lakeside_Shopping_Centre" title="Lakeside Shopping Centre">Lakeside Shopping Centre</a> is <a href="/wiki/Arena_Essex_Raceway" title="Arena Essex Raceway">Arena Essex</a>, a former motor sports complex, where speedway, banger and stock car racing took place. 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title="Template:National Rail in Thurrock"><abbr title="View this template" style="font-size:113.63636363636%;color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Rail_in_Thurrock" title="Template talk:National Rail in Thurrock"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="font-size:113.63636363636%;color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Rail_in_Thurrock" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Rail in Thurrock"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="font-size:113.63636363636%;color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="margin-left:55px"><div style="white-space:nowrap;margin-right:55px;font-size:113.63636363636%">National Rail in Thurrock</div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:normal;padding:4px 5px"><div class="selfreference noprint" style="text-align:right;font-size:97%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Railway_line_legend" title="Template:Railway line legend">Legend</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0px 6px 6px"> <table class="nogrid routemap" style="font-size:107.95454545455%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="CONTg"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BSicon_CONTg.svg/20px-BSicon_CONTg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BSicon_CONTg.svg/30px-BSicon_CONTg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BSicon_CONTg.svg/40px-BSicon_CONTg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="CONTg"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BSicon_CONTg.svg/20px-BSicon_CONTg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BSicon_CONTg.svg/30px-BSicon_CONTg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BSicon_CONTg.svg/40px-BSicon_CONTg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><div class="RMsi"><i>to <a href="/wiki/Southend_Central_railway_station" title="Southend Central railway station">Southend Central</a></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="STR"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/30px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/40px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="BHF"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/20px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/30px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/40px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Stanford-le-Hope_railway_station" title="Stanford-le-Hope railway station">Stanford-le-Hope</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="STR"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/30px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/40px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="BHF"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/20px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/30px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/40px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/East_Tilbury_railway_station" title="East Tilbury railway station">East Tilbury</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="STR"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/30px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/40px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="BHF"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/20px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/30px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/40px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tilbury_Town_railway_station" title="Tilbury Town railway station">Tilbury Town</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="STR"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/30px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/40px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="BHF"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/20px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/30px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/40px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Grays_railway_station" title="Grays railway station">Grays</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="BHF"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/20px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/30px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/40px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="KRW+l"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/BSicon_KRW%2Bl.svg/20px-BSicon_KRW%2Bl.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/BSicon_KRW%2Bl.svg/30px-BSicon_KRW%2Bl.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/BSicon_KRW%2Bl.svg/40px-BSicon_KRW%2Bl.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="KRWgr"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/BSicon_KRWgr.svg/20px-BSicon_KRWgr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/BSicon_KRWgr.svg/30px-BSicon_KRWgr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/BSicon_KRWgr.svg/40px-BSicon_KRWgr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/West_Horndon_railway_station" title="West Horndon railway station">West Horndon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="STR"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/30px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/40px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="BHF"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/20px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/30px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/40px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="STR"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/30px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/40px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Chafford_Hundred_Lakeside_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Chafford Hundred Lakeside railway station">Chafford Hundred Lakeside</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="STR"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/30px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/40px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="BHF"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/20px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/30px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/40px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="STR"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/20px-BSicon_STR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/30px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/BSicon_STR.svg/40px-BSicon_STR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ockendon_railway_station" title="Ockendon railway station">Ockendon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="SKRZ-Bu"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BSicon_SKRZ-Bu.svg/20px-BSicon_SKRZ-Bu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BSicon_SKRZ-Bu.svg/30px-BSicon_SKRZ-Bu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BSicon_SKRZ-Bu.svg/40px-BSicon_SKRZ-Bu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="SKRZ-Bu"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BSicon_SKRZ-Bu.svg/20px-BSicon_SKRZ-Bu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BSicon_SKRZ-Bu.svg/30px-BSicon_SKRZ-Bu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BSicon_SKRZ-Bu.svg/40px-BSicon_SKRZ-Bu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="SKRZ-Bu"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BSicon_SKRZ-Bu.svg/20px-BSicon_SKRZ-Bu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BSicon_SKRZ-Bu.svg/30px-BSicon_SKRZ-Bu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BSicon_SKRZ-Bu.svg/40px-BSicon_SKRZ-Bu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><div class="RMsi"><span style="background-color:#0079c1; padding:-1.0333333333333px 1px -0.25833333333333px; border:2px solid white; border-radius: 3px; text-align:center;"><span style="vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/UK-Motorway-icon.svg/12px-UK-Motorway-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/UK-Motorway-icon.svg/18px-UK-Motorway-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/UK-Motorway-icon.svg/24px-UK-Motorway-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="564" /></span></span></span><a href="/wiki/M25_motorway_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="M25 motorway (Great Britain)"><span style="color:white; font-size:11px; font-weight:bold;"> M25 </span></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="KRWg+l"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/BSicon_KRWg%2Bl.svg/20px-BSicon_KRWg%2Bl.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/BSicon_KRWg%2Bl.svg/30px-BSicon_KRWg%2Bl.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/BSicon_KRWg%2Bl.svg/40px-BSicon_KRWg%2Bl.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="KRWr"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BSicon_KRWr.svg/20px-BSicon_KRWr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BSicon_KRWr.svg/30px-BSicon_KRWr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BSicon_KRWr.svg/40px-BSicon_KRWr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="BHF"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/20px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/30px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/40px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Purfleet_railway_station" title="Purfleet railway station">Purfleet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="CONTf"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BSicon_CONTf.svg/20px-BSicon_CONTf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BSicon_CONTf.svg/30px-BSicon_CONTf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BSicon_CONTf.svg/40px-BSicon_CONTf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div><div class="RM_"></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="CONTf"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BSicon_CONTf.svg/20px-BSicon_CONTf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BSicon_CONTf.svg/30px-BSicon_CONTf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/BSicon_CONTf.svg/40px-BSicon_CONTf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><div class="RMsi"><i>to <a href="/wiki/London_Fenchurch_Street_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="London Fenchurch Street railway station">London Fenchurch Street</a></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 3px 0 0;"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding:0 0 0 3px;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Being on the river and close to London, Thurrock is served with good communication links. The <a href="/wiki/M25_London_Orbital_Motorway" class="mw-redirect" title="M25 London Orbital Motorway">M25 London Orbital Motorway</a>, the railway line between Southend and London Fenchurch Street which provides direct access to Central London, the Port of Tilbury, and the nearby <a href="/wiki/London_City_Airport" title="London City Airport">London City Airport</a> make Thurrock an important international trade centre. There is a grass airstrip south of Bulphan village. A ferry for passengers on foot connects Tilbury with Gravesend on the southern bank of the River Thames. </p><p>Rail transport in the borough is provided by <a href="/wiki/C2c" title="C2c">c2c</a> with stations at: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chafford_Hundred_railway_station" title="Chafford Hundred railway station">Chafford Hundred railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Tilbury_railway_station" title="East Tilbury railway station">East Tilbury railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grays_railway_station" title="Grays railway station">Grays railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ockendon_railway_station" title="Ockendon railway station">Ockendon railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purfleet_railway_station" title="Purfleet railway station">Purfleet railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford-le-Hope_railway_station" title="Stanford-le-Hope railway station">Stanford-le-Hope railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilbury_Town_railway_station" title="Tilbury Town railway station">Tilbury Town railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Horndon_railway_station" title="West Horndon railway station">West Horndon railway station</a> (on northern boundary)</li></ul> <p>Bus services within the Thurrock urban area are mostly provided by <a href="/wiki/Ensignbus" title="Ensignbus">Ensignbus</a>. </p> <ul><li>Arriva has a depot at West Thurrock, but all of its work is Transport for London contracts and has only one route running into Thurrock, the 370.</li></ul> <p>Other operators are First Essex, Stagecoach London and NIBS Buses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Thurrock" title="List of schools in Thurrock">List of schools in Thurrock</a></div> <p>Thurrock has 55 schools; 39 of them are <a href="/wiki/Primary_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary schools">primary schools</a>, 13 are <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary</a>, two are <a href="/wiki/Special_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Special schools">special</a> and one is <a href="/wiki/Alternative_school" title="Alternative school">alternative</a>. All but one have <a href="/wiki/Free_school_(England)" title="Free school (England)">free school</a> or <a href="/wiki/Academy_status_(England)" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy status (England)">academy status</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Grays_Convent_High_School" title="Grays Convent High School">Grays Convent High School</a> instead having <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_aided_school" title="Voluntary aided school">voluntary aided</a> status. Five schools, including Grays Convent High School and four primary schools, are <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Faith_school" title="Faith school">faith schools</a> while two primary schools are <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Anglican</a> faith schools. 44 schools in Thurrock are operated by one of 13 <a href="/wiki/Multi-academy_trust" title="Multi-academy trust">multi-academy trusts</a>, which include major chains such as the <a href="/wiki/Harris_Federation" title="Harris Federation">Harris Federation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ormiston_Trust" title="Ormiston Trust">Ormiston Trust</a> and the country's first <a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">cooperative</a> academy trust.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2007, all secondary schools in Thurrock have had <a href="/wiki/Specialist_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Specialist schools in the United Kingdom">specialist school</a> status.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some schools, such as <a href="/wiki/William_Edwards_School" title="William Edwards School">William Edwards School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orsett_Heath_Academy" title="Orsett Heath Academy">Orsett Heath Academy</a>, utilise their right as specialist schools to <a href="/wiki/Partially_selective_school_(England)" title="Partially selective school (England)">select 10%</a> of their pupils in specialist subject aptitude every year.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thurrock has no <a href="/wiki/Grammar_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammar schools">grammar schools</a>, although Thurrock Council has tried to introduce them.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically Thurrock had three grammar schools, Grays Thurrock School,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palmer's School for Boys and Palmer's School for Girls. In 1931, the Palmer's schools became <a href="/wiki/Public_school_(United_Kingdom)" title="Public school (United Kingdom)">public schools</a> with <a href="/wiki/Boarding_school" title="Boarding school">boarding</a>, reverting back to grammar school status in 1944 under <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_controlled_school" title="Voluntary controlled school">voluntary control</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grays Convent High School was an <a href="/wiki/Independent_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent school">independent</a> <a href="/wiki/Day_school" title="Day school">day school</a> from its formation until 1969. There were also two selective <a href="/wiki/Secondary_technical_school" title="Secondary technical school">secondary technical schools</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grays_County_Technical_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Grays County Technical High School">Grays County Technical High School</a> which is now an academy status <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school" title="Comprehensive school">comprehensive</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Aveley_County_Technical_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Aveley County Technical High School">Aveley County Technical High School</a>, which merged with the Palmer's schools in 1971 to form <a href="/wiki/Palmer%27s_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmer's College">Palmer's College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Palmer's College, now one half of <a href="/wiki/USP_College" title="USP College">USP College</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is Thurrock's local <a href="/wiki/Sixth_form_college" title="Sixth form college">sixth form college</a> for generalised <a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">further education</a>, whilst the Thurrock Campus of <a href="/wiki/South_Essex_College" title="South Essex College">South Essex College</a> is the local sixth form college for <a href="/wiki/Vocational_education" title="Vocational education">vocational education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palmer's also offers courses at <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other <a href="/wiki/Further_education_institution" class="mw-redirect" title="Further education institution">institutions of further education</a> in Thurrock include the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock_Adult_Community_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thurrock Adult Community College (page does not exist)">Thurrock Adult Community College</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Osborne_Sixth_Form" title="Osborne Sixth Form">Osborne Sixth Form</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ortu_Sixth_Form_Centre_Stanford_%26_Corringham" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortu Sixth Form Centre Stanford & Corringham">Ortu Sixth Form Centre Stanford & Corringham</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partnerships">Partnerships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Partnerships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Tilbury_and_Chadwell_St_Mary_Excellence_Cluster" title="Tilbury and Chadwell St Mary Excellence Cluster">Tilbury and Chadwell St Mary Excellence Cluster</a> brought together Chadwell St Mary Primary School, ORTU Corringham Primary School, Grays Convent High School, <a href="/wiki/Hassenbrook_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassenbrook Academy">Hassenbrook Academy</a>, Herringham Primary School, Landsdowne Primary School, Manor Infant School, Manor Junior School, St Mary's RC Primary School, Woodside Primary School and <a href="/wiki/The_Gateway_Academy" title="The Gateway Academy">The Gateway Academy</a>. Senior members of the schools' councils also sat on the cluster's student council before its dissolution.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ORTU Gable Hall School has had a long partnership with <a href="/wiki/Pro_Arte_Alphen_Park" title="Pro Arte Alphen Park">Pro Arte Alphen Park School</a> in Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa for almost 10 years – the two schools have held exchange programmes with each other and the students sampling life in each other's respective countries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Woodside Primary is linked with a school in <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, through the charity Gorkha Learning for Life, which was founded by a member of school staff.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thurrock is served by <a href="/wiki/BBC_London" title="BBC London">BBC London</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_London" title="ITV London">ITV London</a> with television signals are received from <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_transmitting_station" title="Crystal Palace transmitting station">Crystal Palace</a> TV transmitter,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/BBC_South_East" title="BBC South East">BBC South East</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_Meridian" title="ITV Meridian">ITV Meridian</a> can also be received from <a href="/wiki/Bluebell_Hill_transmitting_station" title="Bluebell Hill transmitting station">Bluebell Hill</a> TV transmitter. <sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Radio stations that broadcast to the area are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Essex" title="BBC Essex">BBC Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_London" title="BBC Radio London">BBC Radio London</a> can also be heard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Kent" title="BBC Radio Kent">BBC Radio Kent</a> can also be heard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_Essex" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart Essex">Heart Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Essex" title="Radio Essex">Radio Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_107.5" title="Time 107.5">Time 107.5</a></li> <li>Gateway 97.8, a community based station <sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newspapers">Newspapers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Newspapers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The area is served by these local newspapers: </p> <ul><li><i>The Thurrock Gazette</i><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Echo_(Essex)" title="The Echo (Essex)">The Evening Echo</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport_and_leisure">Sport and leisure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sport and leisure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thurrock has several <a href="/wiki/Non-League_football" title="Non-League football">Non-League football</a> clubs in the area: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tilbury_F.C." title="Tilbury F.C.">Tilbury F.C.</a> the oldest surviving football club in Thurrock having been formed in 1889. They have played at Chadfields since 1947.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurrock_F.C." title="Thurrock F.C.">Thurrock F.C.</a> which played at Ship Lane and was dissolved in 2018</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aveley_F.C." title="Aveley F.C.">Aveley F.C.</a> which plays at Parkside</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grays_Athletic_F.C." title="Grays Athletic F.C.">Grays Athletic F.C.</a> which played in at the <a href="/wiki/New_Recreation_Ground" title="New Recreation Ground">New Recreation Ground</a> in central Grays until 2010, but now plays at Parkside</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Thurrock_United_F.C." title="East Thurrock United F.C.">East Thurrock United F.C.</a> which plays at Rookery Hill</li></ul> <p>Thurrock Yacht Club is based in the centre of Grays on the Thames foreshore. It offers a range of competitive and recreational boating opportunities.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_places_in_the_borough">List of places in the borough</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: List of places in the borough"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aveley" title="Aveley">Aveley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulphan" title="Bulphan">Bulphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadwell_St_Mary" title="Chadwell St Mary">Chadwell St Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafford_Hundred" title="Chafford Hundred">Chafford Hundred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corringham,_Essex" title="Corringham, Essex">Corringham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coryton_Refinery" title="Coryton Refinery">Coryton Refinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Tilbury" title="East Tilbury">East Tilbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fobbing" title="Fobbing">Fobbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grays,_Essex" title="Grays, Essex">Grays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horndon-on-the-Hill" title="Horndon-on-the-Hill">Horndon-on-the-Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linford,_Essex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linford, Essex (page does not exist)">Linford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Thurrock" title="Little Thurrock">Little Thurrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucking" title="Mucking">Mucking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orsett" title="Orsett">Orsett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purfleet-on-Thames" class="mw-redirect" title="Purfleet-on-Thames">Purfleet-on-Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_Haven" title="Shell Haven">Shell Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ockendon" title="South Ockendon">South Ockendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford-le-Hope" title="Stanford-le-Hope">Stanford-le-Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stifford" title="Stifford">Stifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_Haven" class="mw-redirect" title="Thames Haven">Thames Haven</a></li> <li>Thurrock Village</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilbury" title="Tilbury">Tilbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Thurrock" title="West Thurrock">West Thurrock</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_buildings">Historic buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Historic buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coalhouse_Fort" title="Coalhouse Fort">Coalhouse Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Clement%27s_Church,_West_Thurrock" title="St Clement's Church, West Thurrock">St Clement's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Cinema" title="State Cinema">The State Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilbury_Fort" title="Tilbury Fort">Tilbury Fort</a></li> <li>The Woolmarket, Horndon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmer%27s_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmer's College">Palmer's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orsett_Hall" title="Orsett Hall">Orsett Hall</a></li> <li>St Peter & St Paul’s Church, Grays</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Freedom_of_the_Borough">Freedom of the Borough</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Freedom of the Borough"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following people and military units have received the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Freedom of the Borough</a> of Thurrock. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individuals">Individuals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Individuals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dorothy Coker: 26 September 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-Editor_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Editor-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Reverend John Guest: 30 September 2021.</li> <li>Canon Brian O’Shea: 30 September 2021.</li> <li>Father Paul Dynan: 30 September 2021.</li></ul> <p><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Reverend" title="The Reverend">The Reverend</a> <a href="/wiki/Canon_(priest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon (priest)">Canon</a> Darren Barlow: 31 January 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_Units">Military Units</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Military Units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/151_Regiment_RLC" title="151 Regiment RLC">215 (Essex) Squadron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Logistic_Corps" title="Royal Logistic Corps">RLC</a>: 28 June 1986.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Anglian_Regiment" title="Royal Anglian Regiment">Royal Anglian Regiment</a>: 18 July 1990.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Tilbury_Police" title="Port of Tilbury Police">Port of Tilbury Police</a>: 25 September 2002.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Burma_Star_Association" title="Burma Star Association">Burma Star Association</a> (Thurrock Branch): 26 November 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whilst the urban districts still contained civil parishes, as <a href="/wiki/Urban_parish" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban parish">urban parishes</a> they had no administrative functions.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2021_Nomis-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2021_Nomis_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021_Nomis_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCensus_2021E06000034" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">UK Census</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2021/report?compare=E06000034">"2021 Census Area Profile – Thurrock Local Authority (E06000034)"</a>. <i>Nomis</i>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom)">Office for National Statistics</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nomis&rft.atitle=2021+Census+Area+Profile+%E2%80%93+Thurrock+Local+Authority+%28E06000034%29&rft.date=2021&rft.au=UK+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fsources%2Fcensus_2021%2Freport%3Fcompare%3DE06000034&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-catton-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-catton_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-catton_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-catton_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-catton_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatton2008" class="citation book cs1">Catton, Jonathan (2008). "A Short History of Thurrock". In Christopher Harrold (ed.). <i>Exploring Thurrock</i>. Thurrock Local History Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Short+History+of+Thurrock&rft.btitle=Exploring+Thurrock&rft.pub=Thurrock+Local+History+Society&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Catton&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPH_Reaney1969" class="citation book cs1">PH Reaney (1969). <i>The Place-Names of Essex</i>. CUP.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Place-Names+of+Essex&rft.pub=CUP&rft.date=1969&rft.au=PH+Reaney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.essexfieldclub.org.uk/resource/Introduction%20to%20the%20geology%20of%20Essex">"The Geology of Essex"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Geology+of+Essex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.essexfieldclub.org.uk%2Fresource%2FIntroduction%2520to%2520the%2520geology%2520of%2520Essex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110612082349/http://www.royalnavalmuseum.org/info_sheets_piracy.htm">"A Brief History of Piracy | Online Information Bank | Research Collections | Royal Naval Museum at Portsmouth Historic Dockyard"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalnavalmuseum.org/info_sheets_piracy.htm">the original</a> on 12 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Piracy+%26%23124%3B+Online+Information+Bank+%26%23124%3B+Research+Collections+%26%23124%3B+Royal+Naval+Museum+at+Portsmouth+Historic+Dockyard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalnavalmuseum.org%2Finfo_sheets_piracy.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110608211536/http://www.thurrock.gov.uk/heritage/content.php?page=factfiles_details&id=8">"Captain Kidd – the Tilbury connection"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thurrock.gov.uk/heritage/content.php?page=factfiles_details&id=8">the original</a> on 8 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Captain+Kidd+%E2%80%93+the+Tilbury+connection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thurrock.gov.uk%2Fheritage%2Fcontent.php%3Fpage%3Dfactfiles_details%26id%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrieve1959" class="citation book cs1">Grieve, Hilda (1959). <i>The Great Tide</i>. Essex County Council. p. 466.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Tide&rft.pages=466&rft.pub=Essex+County+Council&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Grieve&rft.aufirst=Hilda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1953_Floods-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1953_Floods_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1953_Floods_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100305154939/http://www.thurrock.gov.uk/safety/floods/content.php?page=1953_aftermath">"1953 Floods"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thurrock.gov.uk/safety/floods/content.php?page=1953_aftermath">the original</a> on 5 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1953+Floods&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thurrock.gov.uk%2Fsafety%2Ffloods%2Fcontent.php%3Fpage%3D1953_aftermath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grieve, 1959, page 600</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grieve, 1959, page 616</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grieve, 1959, page 568</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thurrock-community.org.uk/historysoc/plaques.html">"Thurrock Council"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thurrock+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thurrock-community.org.uk%2Fhistorysoc%2Fplaques.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thurrock Yellow Advertiser, 26 April 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yourthurrock.com/2013/06/14/commemorating-the-norman-knight-henry-de-grey/">"Commemorating the Norman knight, Henry de Grey"</a>. 14 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commemorating+the+Norman+knight%2C+Henry+de+Grey&rft.date=2013-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yourthurrock.com%2F2013%2F06%2F14%2Fcommemorating-the-norman-knight-henry-de-grey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHigginbotham" class="citation web cs1">Higginbotham, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.workhouses.org.uk/Orsett/">"Orsett Workhouse"</a>. <i>The Workhouse</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Workhouse&rft.atitle=Orsett+Workhouse&rft.aulast=Higginbotham&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.workhouses.org.uk%2FOrsett%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thurrock.gov.uk/borough-and-council-history/from-turroc-to-modern-thurrock">"Borough and council history: From Turroc to modern Thurrock"</a>. <i>Thurrock Council</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thurrock+Council&rft.atitle=Borough+and+council+history%3A+From+Turroc+to+modern+Thurrock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thurrock.gov.uk%2Fborough-and-council-history%2Ffrom-turroc-to-modern-thurrock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Essex1914-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Essex1914_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://specialcollections.le.ac.uk/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p16445coll4/id/8909/rec/1"><i>Kelly's Directory of Essex, 1914</i></a>. Kelly's Directories Ltd<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Check+Browser+Settings&rft.pub=Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk&rft.au=Neighbourhood+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdissemination%2FLeadDatasetList.do%3Fa%3D7%26b%3D6275283%26c%3Dthurrock%26d%3D13%26g%3D6395496%26i%3D1001x1003x1032%26o%3D362%26m%3D0%26r%3D1%26s%3D1373049144141%26enc%3D1%26domainId%3D61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728091019/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/RegionalGVA.pdf">"Regional Gross Value Added"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.statistics.gov.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/RegionalGVA.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.statistics.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Regional+Gross+Value+Added&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdownloads%2Ftheme_economy%2FRegionalGVA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Components may not sum to totals due to rounding</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">includes hunting and forestry</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">includes energy and construction</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110608210532/http://www.thurrock.gov.uk/heritage/content.php?page=factfiles_details&id=44">"Thurrock Heritage Fact File"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thurrock.gov.uk/heritage/content.php?page=factfiles_details&id=44">the original</a> on 8 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thurrock+Heritage+Fact+File&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thurrock.gov.uk%2Fheritage%2Fcontent.php%3Fpage%3Dfactfiles_details%26id%3D44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGood_Stuff" class="citation web cs1">Good Stuff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-119858-riverside-station-including-floating-lan">"Riverside Station (Including Floating Landing Stage) – Tilbury – Thurrock – England – British Listed Buildings"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Riverside+Station+%28Including+Floating+Landing+Stage%29+%E2%80%93+Tilbury+%E2%80%93+Thurrock+%E2%80%93+England+%E2%80%93+British+Listed+Buildings&rft.au=Good+Stuff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk%2Fen-119858-riverside-station-including-floating-lan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thurrockgazette.co.uk/news/13718230.Pub_chain_JD_Wetherspoon_confirm_purchase_of_State_Cinema/?ref=mr&lp=4">"Pub chain JD Wetherspoon confirm purchase of State Cinema"</a>. <i>Thurrock Gazette</i>. 14 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thurrock+Gazette&rft.atitle=Pub+chain+JD+Wetherspoon+confirm+purchase+of+State+Cinema&rft.date=2015-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thurrockgazette.co.uk%2Fnews%2F13718230.Pub_chain_JD_Wetherspoon_confirm_purchase_of_State_Cinema%2F%3Fref%3Dmr%26lp%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://democracy.thurrock.gov.uk/documents/s31004/Item%2010%20-%20Thurrocks%20Education%20Landscape.pdf">"Thurrock's Education Landscape"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Thurrock Council</i>. 13 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220119084634/https://democracy.thurrock.gov.uk/documents/s31004/Item%2010%20-%20Thurrocks%20Education%20Landscape.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 19 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thurrock+Council&rft.atitle=Thurrock%27s+Education+Landscape&rft.date=2021-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdemocracy.thurrock.gov.uk%2Fdocuments%2Fs31004%2FItem%252010%2520-%2520Thurrocks%2520Education%2520Landscape.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://democracy.thurrock.gov.uk/Data/Children%27s%20Services%20Overview%20and%20Scrutiny%20Committee/201310301900/Agenda/401%20-%2019772.pdf">"Thurrock Education Commission"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Thurrock Council</i>. pp. 25 and 26. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221012082511/https://democracy.thurrock.gov.uk/Data/Children's%20Services%20Overview%20and%20Scrutiny%20Committee/201310301900/Agenda/401%20-%2019772.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Specialist+schools+in+England+now+total+84%25+of+all+schools%2C+new+figures+show&rft.date=2007-02-01&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Feducation%2F2007%2Ffeb%2F01%2Fschools.uk1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thurrock.gov.uk/sites/default/files/assets/documents/admissions-secondary-2022-v05.pdf">"Thurrock Council Secondary School Admissions information brochure September 2022"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Thurrock Council</i>. pp. 40 and 58. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211022115333/https://www.thurrock.gov.uk/sites/default/files/assets/documents/admissions-secondary-2022-v05.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 22 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thurrock+Gazette&rft.atitle=Grammar+schools+for+Thurrock%3F&rft.date=2015-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thurrockgazette.co.uk%2Fnews%2F14112709.grammar-schools-for-thurrock%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thurrockgazette.co.uk/news/14738166.thurrock-council-reveals-plans-for-new-grammar-school-if-government-reforms-get-green-light/">"Thurrock Council reveals plans for new grammar school, if government reforms get green light"</a>. <i>Thurrock Gazette</i>. 12 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thurrock+Adult+Community+College&rft.atitle=About+us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftacc.ac.uk%2Fabout-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100430223949/http://www.thurrock.gov.uk/education/schools/content.php?page=excellence">"Tilbury and Chadwell St Mary Excellence Cluster"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thurrock.gov.uk/education/schools/content.php?page=excellence">the original</a> on 30 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tilbury+and+Chadwell+St+Mary+Excellence+Cluster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thurrock.gov.uk%2Feducation%2Fschools%2Fcontent.php%3Fpage%3Dexcellence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100311235920/http://www.gorkhalearning.org/volunteers-staff.asp">"Gorkha Learning for Life"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gorkhalearning.org/volunteers-staff.asp">the original</a> on 11 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gorkha+Learning+for+Life&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gorkhalearning.org%2Fvolunteers-staff.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Crystal_Palace">"Full Freeview on the Crystal Palace (Greater London, England) transmitter"</a>. <i>UK Free TV</i>. 1 May 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Free+TV&rft.atitle=Full+Freeview+on+the+Crystal+Palace+%28Greater+London%2C+England%29+transmitter&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fukfree.tv%2Ftransmitters%2Ftv%2FCrystal_Palace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Bluebell_Hill">"Full Freeview on the Bluebell Hill (Medway, England) transmitter"</a>. <i>UK Free TV</i>. 1 May 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Free+TV&rft.atitle=Full+Freeview+on+the+Bluebell+Hill+%28Medway%2C+England%29+transmitter&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fukfree.tv%2Ftransmitters%2Ftv%2FBluebell_Hill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gateway978.com/">"Gateway 97.8"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gateway+97.8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gateway978.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishpapers.co.uk/england-eang/thurrock-gazette/">"Thurrock Gazette"</a>. <i>British Papers</i>. 11 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Papers&rft.atitle=Thurrock+Gazette&rft.date=2013-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishpapers.co.uk%2Fengland-eang%2Fthurrock-gazette%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thurrockyachtclub.org.uk/">"Thurrock Yacht Club in Essex"</a>. <i>thurrockyachtclub.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thurrockyachtclub.org.uk&rft.atitle=Thurrock+Yacht+Club+in+Essex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thurrockyachtclub.org.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Editor-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Editor_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thurrock.nub.news/n/posthumous-honour-for-father-paul-as-council-recognises-service-to-borough-community-by-three-priests">"Posthumous honour for Father Paul as council recognises service to borough community by three priests"</a>. <i>The News</i>. Portsmouth. 22 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+News&rft.atitle=Posthumous+honour+for+Father+Paul+as+council+recognises+service+to+borough+community+by+three+priests&rft.date=2020-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthurrock.nub.news%2Fn%2Fposthumous-honour-for-father-paul-as-council-recognises-service-to-borough-community-by-three-priests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thurrockgazette.co.uk/news/18471103.thurrock-clergymen-receive-freedom-borough-award/">"Council awards highest honour to Thurrock clergymen"</a>. <i>Thurrock Gazette</i>. 23 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thurrock+Gazette&rft.atitle=Council+awards+highest+honour+to+Thurrock+clergymen&rft.date=2020-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thurrockgazette.co.uk%2Fnews%2F18471103.thurrock-clergymen-receive-freedom-borough-award%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yourthurrock.com/2021/10/01/freedom-of-the-borough-honour-bestowed-to-three-clergymen-across-thurrock/">"Freedom of the Borough honour bestowed to three clergymen across Thurrock"</a>. <i>Your Thurrock</i>. 1 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Your+Thurrock&rft.atitle=Freedom+of+the+Borough+honour+bestowed+to+three+clergymen+across+Thurrock&rft.date=2021-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yourthurrock.com%2F2021%2F10%2F01%2Ffreedom-of-the-borough-honour-bestowed-to-three-clergymen-across-thurrock%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thurrock.gov.uk/news/celebrating-success-in-thurrock/freedom-of-borough-ceremony">"Freedom of the Borough ceremony"</a>. <i>Thurrock Borough Council</i>. 1 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thurrock+Borough+Council&rft.atitle=Freedom+of+the+Borough+ceremony&rft.date=2024-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thurrock.gov.uk%2Fnews%2Fcelebrating-success-in-thurrock%2Ffreedom-of-borough-ceremony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thurrockgazette.co.uk/news/3933354.burma-star-association-honoured-with-freedom-of-the-borough/">"Burma Star Association honoured with freedom of the borough"</a>. <i>Thurrock Gazette</i>. 28 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thurrock+Gazette&rft.atitle=Burma+Star+Association+honoured+with+freedom+of+the+borough&rft.date=2008-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thurrockgazette.co.uk%2Fnews%2F3933354.burma-star-association-honoured-with-freedom-of-the-borough%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThurrock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thurrock&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thurrock.gov.uk">Thurrock Borough Council</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisisthurrock.co.uk">Thurrock Gazette</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thurrock-history.org.uk">Thurrock Local History Society</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thurrock" title="Template talk:Thurrock"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thurrock" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thurrock"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thurrock" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thurrock</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Church_of_England_churches_in_Thurrock" title="List of Church of England churches in Thurrock">Traditional parishes in Thurrock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aveley" title="Aveley">Aveley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulphan" title="Bulphan">Bulphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadwell_St_Mary" title="Chadwell St Mary">Chadwell St Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corringham,_Essex" title="Corringham, Essex">Corringham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Tilbury" title="East Tilbury">East Tilbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fobbing" title="Fobbing">Fobbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grays,_Essex" title="Grays, Essex">Grays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horndon-on-the-Hill" title="Horndon-on-the-Hill">Horndon-on-the-Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdon_Hills" title="Langdon Hills">Langdon Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Thurrock" title="Little Thurrock">Little Thurrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucking" title="Mucking">Mucking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orsett" title="Orsett">Orsett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ockendon" title="South Ockendon">South Ockendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford-le-Hope" title="Stanford-le-Hope">Stanford-le-Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stifford" title="Stifford">Stifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Thurrock" title="West Thurrock">West Thurrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Tilbury" title="West Tilbury">West Tilbury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other places in Thurrock</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Street,_Essex" title="Baker Street, Essex">Baker Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belhus,_Essex" title="Belhus, Essex">Belhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biggin,_Essex" title="Biggin, Essex">Biggin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Meroy_Creek" title="Bill Meroy Creek">Bill Meroy Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafford_Gorges_Nature_Park" title="Chafford Gorges Nature Park">Chafford Gorges Nature Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafford_Hundred" title="Chafford Hundred">Chafford Hundred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globe_Pit" title="Globe Pit">Globe Pit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangman%27s_Wood" class="mw-redirect" title="Hangman's Wood">Hangman's Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_House,_Purfleet" title="High House, Purfleet">High House, Purfleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linford_Wood" title="Linford Wood">Linford Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Horse" title="Lower Horse">Lower Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardyke_(river)" title="Mardyke (river)">Mardyke (river)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orsett_Heath" title="Orsett Heath">Orsett Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purfleet" title="Purfleet">Purfleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainham_Marshes_Nature_Reserve" title="Rainham Marshes Nature Reserve">Rainham Marshes Nature Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_Haven" title="Shell Haven">Shell Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrel%27s_Heath" title="Terrel's Heath">Terrel's Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Thameside_Nature_Park" title="Thurrock Thameside Nature Park">Thurrock Thameside Nature Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilbury" title="Tilbury">Tilbury Town</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic buildings in Thurrock</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Street_Mill,_Orsett" title="Baker Street Mill, Orsett">Baker Street Mill, Orsett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bata_shoe_factory_(East_Tilbury)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bata shoe factory (East Tilbury)">Bata Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmont_Castle" title="Belmont Castle">Belmont Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalhouse_Fort" title="Coalhouse Fort">Coalhouse Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dell,_Thurrock" title="The Dell, Thurrock">The Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_House,_Purfleet" title="High House, Purfleet">High House, Purfleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_Head,_West_Tilbury" title="Kings Head, West Tilbury">Kings Head, West Tilbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orsett_Hall" title="Orsett Hall">Orsett Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ockendon_Windmill" title="South Ockendon Windmill">South Ockendon Windmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Cinema" title="State Cinema">State Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilbury_Fort" title="Tilbury Fort">Tilbury Fort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Essex&#124;link=Essex_Ceremonial_county_of_Essex" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Essex" title="Template:Essex"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Essex" title="Template talk:Essex"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Essex" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Essex"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Essex&#124;link=Essex_Ceremonial_county_of_Essex" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex"><img alt="Essex" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Essex.svg/23px-Flag_of_Essex.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Essex.svg/35px-Flag_of_Essex.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Essex.svg/45px-Flag_of_Essex.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <span class="category"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></span> of <span class="fn org region"><a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unitary authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Southend-on-Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thurrock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boroughs or districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Basildon" title="Borough of Basildon">Basildon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braintree_District" title="Braintree District">Braintree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Brentwood" title="Borough of Brentwood">Brentwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Point" title="Castle Point">Castle Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Chelmsford" title="City of Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Colchester" title="City of Colchester">Colchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epping_Forest_District" title="Epping Forest District">Epping Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlow" title="Harlow">Harlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldon_District" title="Maldon District">Maldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochford_District" title="Rochford District">Rochford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tendring_District" title="Tendring District">Tendring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttlesford" title="Uttlesford">Uttlesford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements<br />(cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aveley" title="Aveley">Aveley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basildon" title="Basildon">Basildon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billericay" title="Billericay">Billericay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braintree,_Essex" title="Braintree, Essex">Braintree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brentwood,_Essex" title="Brentwood, Essex">Brentwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brightlingsea" title="Brightlingsea">Brightlingsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckhurst_Hill" title="Buckhurst Hill">Buckhurst Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnham-on-Crouch" title="Burnham-on-Crouch">Burnham-on-Crouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canvey_Island" title="Canvey Island">Canvey Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadwell_St_Mary" title="Chadwell St Mary">Chadwell St Mary</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chelmsford" title="Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigwell" title="Chigwell">Chigwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipping_Ongar" title="Chipping Ongar">Chipping Ongar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clacton-on-Sea" title="Clacton-on-Sea">Clacton-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coggeshall" title="Coggeshall">Coggeshall</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Colchester" title="Colchester">Colchester</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corringham,_Essex" title="Corringham, Essex">Corringham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dovercourt" title="Dovercourt">Dovercourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epping,_Essex" title="Epping, Essex">Epping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frinton-on-Sea" title="Frinton-on-Sea">Frinton-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grays,_Essex" title="Grays, Essex">Grays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Dunmow" title="Great Dunmow">Great Dunmow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadleigh,_Essex" title="Hadleigh, Essex">Hadleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halstead" title="Halstead">Halstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlow" title="Harlow">Harlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harwich" title="Harwich">Harwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leigh-on-Sea" title="Leigh-on-Sea">Leigh-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loughton" title="Loughton">Loughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldon" title="Maldon">Maldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manningtree" title="Manningtree">Manningtree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitsea" title="Pitsea">Pitsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purfleet" title="Purfleet">Purfleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayleigh,_Essex" title="Rayleigh, Essex">Rayleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochford" title="Rochford">Rochford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffron_Walden" title="Saffron Walden">Saffron Walden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoeburyness" title="Shoeburyness">Shoeburyness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Benfleet" title="South Benfleet">South Benfleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ockendon" title="South Ockendon">South Ockendon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea" title="Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Woodham_Ferrers" title="South Woodham Ferrers">South Woodham Ferrers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford-le-Hope" title="Stanford-le-Hope">Stanford-le-Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaxted" title="Thaxted">Thaxted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thundersley" title="Thundersley">Thundersley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilbury" title="Tilbury">Tilbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltham_Abbey" title="Waltham Abbey">Waltham Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walton-on-the-Naze" title="Walton-on-the-Naze">Walton-on-the-Naze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Mersea" title="West Mersea">West Mersea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Thurrock" title="West Thurrock">West Thurrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickford" title="Wickford">Wickford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witham" title="Witham">Witham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wivenhoe" title="Wivenhoe">Wivenhoe</a><br /><i>See also:</i> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Essex" title="List of civil parishes in Essex">List of civil parishes in Essex</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Blackwater,_Essex" title="River Blackwater, Essex">Blackwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Brain" title="River Brain">Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Cam" title="River Cam">Cam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Can" title="River Can">Can</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Chelmer" title="River Chelmer">Chelmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Ching" title="River Ching">Ching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobbins_Brook" title="Cobbins Brook">Cobbins Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Colne,_Essex" title="River Colne, Essex">Colne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Crouch" title="River Crouch">Crouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Lea" title="River Lea">River Lea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Lee_Flood_Relief_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="River Lee Flood Relief Channel">River Lee Flood Relief Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardyke_(river)" title="Mardyke (river)">Mardyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pincey_Brook" title="Pincey Brook">Pincey Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prittle_Brook" title="Prittle Brook">Prittle Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Roach" title="River Roach">Roach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Roding" title="River Roding">Roding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_River" title="Roman River">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Stort" title="River Stort">Stort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Stour,_Suffolk" title="River Stour, Suffolk">Stour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stour_Brook" title="Stour Brook">Stour Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Ter" title="River Ter">Ter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Essex" title="Category:Essex">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Districts_of_the_East_of_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:East_of_England" title="Template:East of England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:East_of_England" title="Template talk:East of England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:East_of_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:East of England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Districts_of_the_East_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Districts</a> of the <a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England">East of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire" title="Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Bedford" title="Borough of Bedford">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire" title="Central Bedfordshire">Central Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton" title="Luton">Luton</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:East_of_England_districts_2011_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/East_of_England_districts_2011_map.svg/100px-East_of_England_districts_2011_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/East_of_England_districts_2011_map.svg/150px-East_of_England_districts_2011_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/East_of_England_districts_2011_map.svg/200px-East_of_England_districts_2011_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1210" data-file-height="1266" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Cambridgeshire" title="East Cambridgeshire">East Cambridgeshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenland_District" title="Fenland District">Fenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntingdonshire" title="Huntingdonshire">Huntingdonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Cambridgeshire" title="South Cambridgeshire">South Cambridgeshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Basildon" title="Borough of Basildon">Basildon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braintree_District" title="Braintree District">Braintree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Brentwood" title="Borough of Brentwood">Brentwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Point" title="Castle Point">Castle Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Chelmsford" title="City of Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Colchester" title="City of Colchester">Colchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epping_Forest_District" title="Epping Forest District">Epping Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlow" title="Harlow">Harlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldon_District" title="Maldon District">Maldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochford_District" title="Rochford District">Rochford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Southend-on-Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tendring_District" title="Tendring District">Tendring</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thurrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttlesford" title="Uttlesford">Uttlesford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Broxbourne" title="Borough of Broxbourne">Broxbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacorum" title="Dacorum">Dacorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hertfordshire" title="East Hertfordshire">East Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertsmere" title="Hertsmere">Hertsmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Hertfordshire" title="North Hertfordshire">North Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Albans_City_and_District" class="mw-redirect" title="St Albans City and District">St Albans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevenage" title="Stevenage">Stevenage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Rivers_District" title="Three Rivers District">Three Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watford" title="Watford">Watford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welwyn_Hatfield" title="Welwyn Hatfield">Welwyn Hatfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breckland_District" title="Breckland District">Breckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadland" title="Broadland">Broadland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Great_Yarmouth" title="Borough of Great Yarmouth">Great Yarmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Lynn_and_West_Norfolk" title="King's Lynn and West Norfolk">King's Lynn and West Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Norfolk" title="North Norfolk">North Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Norfolk" title="South Norfolk">South Norfolk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babergh_District" title="Babergh District">Babergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Suffolk_District" title="East Suffolk District">East Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipswich" title="Ipswich">Ipswich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid_Suffolk" title="Mid Suffolk">Mid Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Suffolk_District" title="West Suffolk District">West Suffolk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unitary_authorities_of_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Template:Unitary authorities of England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Template talk:Unitary authorities of England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unitary authorities of England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unitary_authorities_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authorities of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath_and_North_East_Somerset" title="Bath and North East Somerset">Bath and North East Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Bedford" title="Borough of Bedford">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_with_Darwen" title="Blackburn with Darwen">Blackburn with Darwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Blackpool" title="Borough of Blackpool">Blackpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest" title="Bracknell Forest">Bracknell Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_(district)" title="Buckinghamshire (district)">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire" title="Central Bedfordshire">Central Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_East" title="Cheshire East">Cheshire East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_West_and_Chester" title="Cheshire West and Chester">Cheshire West and Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Durham_(district)" title="County Durham (district)">County Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumberland (district)">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Darlington" title="Borough of Darlington">Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_(district)" title="Dorset (district)">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Halton" title="Borough of Halton">Halton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Hartlepool" title="Borough of Hartlepool">Hartlepool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire" title="Herefordshire">Herefordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isles_of_Scilly" title="Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton" title="Luton">Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway" title="Medway">Medway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Middlesbrough" title="Borough of Middlesbrough">Middlesbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Milton_Keynes" title="City of Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire" title="North East Lincolnshire">North East Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lincolnshire" title="North Lincolnshire">North Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Northamptonshire" title="North Northamptonshire">North Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Somerset" title="North Somerset">North Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_(district)" title="North Yorkshire (district)">North Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcar_and_Cleveland" title="Redcar and Cleveland">Redcar and Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland" title="Rutland">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_(district)" title="Shropshire (district)">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Slough" title="Borough of Slough">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Southend-on-Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire" title="South Gloucestershire">South Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Stockton-on-Tees" title="Borough of Stockton-on-Tees">Stockton-on-Tees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Swindon" title="Borough of Swindon">Swindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telford_and_Wrekin" title="Telford and Wrekin">Telford and Wrekin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thurrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbay" title="Torbay">Torbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Warrington" title="Borough of Warrington">Warrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Berkshire" title="West Berkshire">West Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness" title="Westmorland and Furness">Westmorland and Furness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire" title="West Northamptonshire">West Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_(district)" title="Wiltshire (district)">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Windsor_and_Maidenhead" title="Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead">Windsor and Maidenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Wokingham" title="Borough of Wokingham">Wokingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York" title="City of York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg/125px-English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg/188px-English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg/250px-English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Councils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath_and_North_East_Somerset_Council" title="Bath and North East Somerset Council">Bath and North East Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Borough_Council" title="Bedford Borough Council">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_with_Darwen_Borough_Council" title="Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council">Blackburn with Darwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackpool_Council" title="Blackpool Council">Blackpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole_Council" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest_Council" title="Bracknell Forest Council">Bracknell Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council" title="Brighton and Hove City Council">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_City_Council" title="Bristol City Council">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_Council" title="Buckinghamshire Council">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire_Council" title="Central Bedfordshire Council">Central Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_East_Council" title="Cheshire East Council">Cheshire East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_West_and_Chester_Council" title="Cheshire West and Chester Council">Cheshire West and Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Council" title="Cornwall Council">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Durham_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="County Durham Council">County Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Council" title="Cumberland Council">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlington_Borough_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Darlington Borough Council">Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby_City_Council" title="Derby City Council">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_Council_(UK)" title="Dorset Council (UK)">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire_Council" title="East Riding of Yorkshire Council">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halton_Borough_Council" title="Halton Borough Council">Halton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartlepool_Borough_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Hartlepool Borough Council">Hartlepool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire_Council" title="Herefordshire Council">Herefordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_Council" title="Isle of Wight Council">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Isles_of_Scilly" title="Council of the Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_City_Council" title="Hull City Council">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester_City_Council" title="Leicester City Council">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_Borough_Council" title="Luton Borough Council">Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway_Council" title="Medway Council">Medway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesbrough_Council" title="Middlesbrough Council">Middlesbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes_City_Council" title="Milton Keynes City Council">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire_Council" title="North East Lincolnshire Council">North East Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lincolnshire_Council" title="North Lincolnshire Council">North Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Northamptonshire_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="North Northamptonshire Council">North Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Somerset_Council" title="North Somerset Council">North Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_Council" title="North Yorkshire Council">North Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_County_Council" title="Northumberland County Council">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_City_Council" title="Nottingham City Council">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_City_Council" title="Peterborough City Council">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_City_Council" title="Plymouth City Council">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_City_Council" title="Portsmouth City Council">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Borough_Council" title="Reading Borough Council">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcar_and_Cleveland_Borough_Council" title="Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council">Redcar and Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland_County_Council" title="Rutland County Council">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_Council" title="Shropshire Council">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slough_Borough_Council" title="Slough Borough Council">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Council" title="Somerset Council">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_City_Council" title="Southampton City Council">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea_City_Council" title="Southend-on-Sea City Council">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire_Council" title="South Gloucestershire Council">South Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton-on-Tees_Borough_Council" title="Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council">Stockton-on-Tees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent_City_Council" title="Stoke-on-Trent City Council">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swindon_Borough_Council" title="Swindon Borough Council">Swindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telford_and_Wrekin_Council" title="Telford and Wrekin Council">Telford and Wrekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Council" title="Thurrock Council">Thurrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbay_Council" title="Torbay Council">Torbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrington_Borough_Council" title="Warrington Borough Council">Warrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Berkshire_Council" title="West Berkshire Council">West Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness_Council" title="Westmorland and Furness Council">Westmorland and Furness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="West Northamptonshire Council">West Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_Council" title="Wiltshire Council">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_and_Maidenhead_Borough_Council" title="Windsor and Maidenhead Borough Council">Windsor and Maidenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wokingham_Borough_Council" title="Wokingham Borough Council">Wokingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York_Council" title="City of York Council">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath_and_North_East_Somerset_Council_elections" title="Bath and North East Somerset Council elections">Bath and North East Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Borough_Council_elections" title="Bedford Borough Council elections">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_with_Darwen_Borough_Council_elections" title="Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council elections">Blackburn with Darwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackpool_Borough_Council_elections" title="Blackpool Borough Council elections">Blackpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole_Council_elections" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council elections">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest_Borough_Council_elections" title="Bracknell Forest Borough Council elections">Bracknell Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_elections" title="Brighton and Hove City Council elections">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_City_Council_elections" title="Bristol City Council elections">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_Council_elections" title="Buckinghamshire Council elections">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire_Council_elections" title="Central Bedfordshire Council elections">Central Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_East_Council_elections" title="Cheshire East Council elections">Cheshire East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_West_and_Chester_Council_elections" title="Cheshire West and Chester Council elections">Cheshire West and Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Council_elections" title="Cornwall Council elections">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_County_Council_elections" title="Durham County Council elections">County Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Council_elections" title="Cumberland Council elections">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlington_Borough_Council_elections" title="Darlington Borough Council elections">Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby_City_Council_elections" title="Derby City Council elections">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_Council_elections" title="Dorset Council elections">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire_Council_elections" title="East Riding of Yorkshire Council elections">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halton_Borough_Council_elections" title="Halton Borough Council elections">Halton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartlepool_Borough_Council_elections" title="Hartlepool Borough Council elections">Hartlepool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire_Council_elections" title="Herefordshire Council elections">Herefordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_Council_elections" title="Isle of Wight Council elections">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Isles_of_Scilly_elections" title="Council of the Isles of Scilly elections">Isles of Scilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_City_Council_elections" title="Hull City Council elections">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester_City_Council_elections" title="Leicester City Council elections">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_Borough_Council_elections" title="Luton Borough Council elections">Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway_Council_elections" title="Medway Council elections">Medway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesbrough_Council_elections" title="Middlesbrough Council elections">Middlesbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes_Council_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Milton Keynes Council elections">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire_Council_elections" title="North East Lincolnshire Council elections">North East Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lincolnshire_Council_elections" title="North Lincolnshire Council elections">North Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Northamptonshire_Council_elections" title="North Northamptonshire Council elections">North Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Somerset_Council_elections" title="North Somerset Council elections">North Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_Council_elections" title="North Yorkshire Council elections">North Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_County_Council_elections" title="Northumberland County Council elections">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_City_Council_elections" title="Nottingham City Council elections">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_City_Council_elections" title="Peterborough City Council elections">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_City_Council_elections" title="Plymouth City Council elections">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_City_Council_elections" title="Portsmouth City Council elections">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Borough_Council_elections" title="Reading Borough Council elections">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcar_and_Cleveland_Borough_Council_elections" title="Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council elections">Redcar and Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland_County_Council_elections" title="Rutland County Council elections">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_Council_elections" title="Shropshire Council elections">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slough_Borough_Council_elections" title="Slough Borough Council elections">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_County_Council_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Somerset County Council elections">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_City_Council_elections" title="Southampton City Council elections">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea_City_Council_elections" title="Southend-on-Sea City Council elections">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire_Council_elections" title="South Gloucestershire Council elections">South Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton-on-Tees_Borough_Council_elections" title="Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council elections">Stockton-on-Tees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent_City_Council_elections" title="Stoke-on-Trent City Council elections">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swindon_Borough_Council_elections" title="Swindon Borough Council elections">Swindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telford_and_Wrekin_Council_elections" title="Telford and Wrekin Council elections">Telford and Wrekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Council_elections" title="Thurrock Council elections">Thurrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbay_Council_elections" title="Torbay Council elections">Torbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrington_Borough_Council_elections" title="Warrington Borough Council elections">Warrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Berkshire_Council_elections" title="West Berkshire Council elections">West Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness_Council_elections" title="Westmorland and Furness Council elections">Westmorland and Furness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire_Council_elections" title="West Northamptonshire Council elections">West Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_Council_elections" title="Wiltshire Council elections">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_and_Maidenhead_Borough_Council_elections" title="Windsor and Maidenhead Borough Council elections">Windsor and Maidenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wokingham_Borough_Council_elections" title="Wokingham Borough Council elections">Wokingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York_Council_elections" title="City of York Council elections">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Thurrock&params=51_30_N_0_25_E_region:GB_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">0°25′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.500°N 0.417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.500; 0.417</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549155#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549155#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549155#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/155973545">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83032623">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007536514805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/054037e7-f146-4e73-aaca-bdb4b48eeada">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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