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.ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Missing_information plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>is missing information</b> about intended and actual uses.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:.zip_(top-level_domain)" title="Talk:.zip (top-level domain)">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2025</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">.zip</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduced</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>2014</li><li>2023 (public registration)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain" title="Top-level domain">TLD</a> type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Generic_top-level_domain" title="Generic top-level domain">Generic top-level domain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Domain_name_registry" title="Domain name registry">Registry</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet Inc.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registered domains</th><td class="infobox-data">14,000 (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-ntldstats_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntldstats-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>.zip</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain" title="Top-level domain">top-level domain</a> name operated by <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-icann_registry_agreement_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icann_registry_agreement-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It is a <a href="/wiki/Generic_top-level_domain" title="Generic top-level domain">generic top-level domain</a> (gTLD) introduced under the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Corporation_for_Assigned_Names_and_Numbers" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers">Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers</a>'s new gTLD program. Approved as a part of the program, .zip became available to the general public on May 3, 2023. </p><p>The qualifier <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">.zip</code> is also associated with the widely recognized <a href="/wiki/ZIP_(file_format)" title="ZIP (file format)">.zip file format</a>, commonly used for file compression and archiving, and its approval as a gTLD received criticism for the security concerns that may arise as a consequence. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Security_concerns">Security concerns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.zip_(top-level_domain)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Security concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Google opened registration for the .zip and <a href="/wiki/.mov_(top-level_domain)" class="mw-redirect" title=".mov (top-level domain)">.mov</a> top-level domains to the general public on May 3, 2023. Its release was immediately met with condemnation from cyber security experts as a result of its similarity with the file format of the same name.<sup id="cite_ref-Netskope_2023_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Netskope_2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wired_2023_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wired_2023-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Malwarebytes" title="Malwarebytes">Malwarebytes</a> warned against the use of already recognizable filenames and their confusion with top-level domains, as "plenty of users already have a clear idea that .zip means something completely different".<sup id="cite_ref-Malwarebytes_2023_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malwarebytes_2023-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Experts cautioned against their use, and noted that the use of <a href="/wiki/.zip" class="mw-redirect" title=".zip">.zip</a> filetypes in cybercrime had had "an explosion" in recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-Malwarebytes_2023_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malwarebytes_2023-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a> warned against the potential for leaks for <a href="/wiki/Personal_identifying_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal identifying information">personal identifying information</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Researchers also registered similar concern about Google's .mov domain.<sup id="cite_ref-Netskope_2023_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Netskope_2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wired_2023_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wired_2023-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Surveys by security researchers immediately following public release of domain registration found numerous examples of links and domains registered under .zip being used in <a href="/wiki/Phishing" title="Phishing">phishing</a> attempts, and the ICSS recommended disabling access to .zip domains until "the dust settles and risks can be assessed".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.zip_(top-level_domain)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following its release to the general public, .zip domain registrations were one of the most popular new domains registered in mid-2023, during the domain's landrush and early access period.<sup id="cite_ref-Ramesh_2024_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramesh_2024-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Security researchers noted high levels of phishing domains and high levels of redirection campaigns. Shortly after its release, some security vendors blocked access to .zip domains, and new domains under these TLDs began to be scrutinized more carefully.<sup id="cite_ref-Ramesh_2024_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramesh_2024-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>One month after its public release in June 2023, there were 13,796 .zip domains registered;<sup id="cite_ref-DNSRF_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNSRF-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> which rose to over 14,000 as of November&#160;2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=.zip_(top-level_domain)&amp;action=edit">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-ntldstats_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ntldstats-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Security researchers found that the rate of malicious registrations for the domain was approximately 0.20%, slightly below the global average of 0.22%. This was still higher than the abuse rate of 0.06% seen in European <a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">ccTLDs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DNSRF_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNSRF-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.zip_(top-level_domain)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zip_bomb" title="Zip bomb">Zip bomb</a>&#160;– Malicious archive file designed to disrupt the program or system reading it</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.zip_(top-level_domain)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ntldstats-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ntldstats_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ntldstats_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntldstats.com/tld/zip">".zip | Top-Level Domain Breakdown"</a>. <i>nTLDStats</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=nTLDStats&amp;rft.atitle=.zip+%7C+Top-Level+Domain+Breakdown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntldstats.com%2Ftld%2Fzip&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.zip+%28top-level+domain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-icann_registry_agreement-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-icann_registry_agreement_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icann.org/en/registry-agreements/details/zip">".zip Registry Agreement"</a>. <i>www.icann.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.icann.org&amp;rft.atitle=.zip+Registry+Agreement&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icann.org%2Fen%2Fregistry-agreements%2Fdetails%2Fzip&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.zip+%28top-level+domain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Netskope_2023-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Netskope_2023_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Netskope_2023_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlcantara2023" class="citation web cs1">Alcantara, Jan Michael (12 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.netskope.com/blog/zip-and-mov-top-level-domain-abuse-one-month-after-being-made-public">".Zip and .Mov Top Level Domain Abuse: One Month After Being Made Public"</a>. <i>Netskope</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240103213509/https://www.netskope.com/blog/zip-and-mov-top-level-domain-abuse-one-month-after-being-made-public">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Netskope&amp;rft.atitle=.Zip+and+.Mov+Top+Level+Domain+Abuse%3A+One+Month+After+Being+Made+Public&amp;rft.date=2023-06-12&amp;rft.aulast=Alcantara&amp;rft.aufirst=Jan+Michael&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.netskope.com%2Fblog%2Fzip-and-mov-top-level-domain-abuse-one-month-after-being-made-public&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.zip+%28top-level+domain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wired_2023-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wired_2023_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wired_2023_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNewman2023" class="citation magazine cs1">Newman, Lily Hay (21 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/google-zip-mov-domains-phishing-risks/">"The Real Risks in Google's New .Zip and .Mov Domains"</a>. <i>Wired</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Wired&amp;rft.atitle=The+Real+Risks+in+Google%27s+New+.Zip+and+.Mov+Domains&amp;rft.date=2023-05-21&amp;rft.aulast=Newman&amp;rft.aufirst=Lily+Hay&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fstory%2Fgoogle-zip-mov-domains-phishing-risks%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.zip+%28top-level+domain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Malwarebytes_2023-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Malwarebytes_2023_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Malwarebytes_2023_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStockley2023" class="citation web cs1">Stockley, Mark (17 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2023/05/zip-domains">"Zip domains, a bad idea nobody asked for"</a>. <i>Malwarebytes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208154546/https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2023/05/zip-domains">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Malwarebytes&amp;rft.atitle=Zip+domains%2C+a+bad+idea+nobody+asked+for&amp;rft.date=2023-05-17&amp;rft.aulast=Stockley&amp;rft.aufirst=Mark&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malwarebytes.com%2Fblog%2Fnews%2F2023%2F05%2Fzip-domains&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.zip+%28top-level+domain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.talosintelligence.com/zip-tld-information-leak/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>".Zip" top-level domains draw potential for information leaks"</a>. <i>Cisco Talos Blog</i>. 13 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240103213510/https://blog.talosintelligence.com/zip-tld-information-leak/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Cisco+Talos+Blog&amp;rft.atitle=%22.Zip%22+top-level+domains+draw+potential+for+information+leaks&amp;rft.date=2023-06-13&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.talosintelligence.com%2Fzip-tld-information-leak%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.zip+%28top-level+domain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrinkmann2023" class="citation web cs1">Brinkmann, Martin (15 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ghacks.net/2023/05/15/googles-zip-top-level-domain-is-already-used-in-phishing-attacks/?amp">"Google's .zip Top Level domain is already used in phishing attacks - gHacks Tech News"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240907173949/https://www.ghacks.net/2023/05/15/googles-zip-top-level-domain-is-already-used-in-phishing-attacks/?amp">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Google%27s+.zip+Top+Level+domain+is+already+used+in+phishing+attacks+-+gHacks+Tech+News&amp;rft.date=2023-05-15&amp;rft.aulast=Brinkmann&amp;rft.aufirst=Martin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ghacks.net%2F2023%2F05%2F15%2Fgoogles-zip-top-level-domain-is-already-used-in-phishing-attacks%2F%3Famp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.zip+%28top-level+domain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramesh_2024-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ramesh_2024_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ramesh_2024_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRameshChenLiLiu2024" class="citation web cs1">Ramesh, Reethika; Chen, Zhanhao; Li, Wanjin; Liu, Daiping (30 August 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tracking-newly-released-top-level-domains/">"TLD Tracker: Exploring Newly Released Top-Level Domains"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=TLD+Tracker%3A+Exploring+Newly+Released+Top-Level+Domains&amp;rft.date=2024-08-30&amp;rft.aulast=Ramesh&amp;rft.aufirst=Reethika&amp;rft.au=Chen%2C+Zhanhao&amp;rft.au=Li%2C+Wanjin&amp;rft.au=Liu%2C+Daiping&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funit42.paloaltonetworks.com%2Ftracking-newly-released-top-level-domains%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.zip+%28top-level+domain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DNSRF-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DNSRF_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNSRF_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDeacon2023" class="citation web cs1">Deacon, Alex (July 17, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dnsrf.org/blog/the--zip-tld---ripe-for-abuse--but-so-far-so-good-/index.html">"The .zip TLD: Ripe for abuse, but so far so good"</a>. <i>DNS Research Federation</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241207024644/https://dnsrf.org/blog/the--zip-tld---ripe-for-abuse--but-so-far-so-good-/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=DNS+Research+Federation&amp;rft.atitle=The+.zip+TLD%3A+Ripe+for+abuse%2C+but+so+far+so+good&amp;rft.date=2023-07-17&amp;rft.aulast=Deacon&amp;rft.aufirst=Alex&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdnsrf.org%2Fblog%2Fthe--zip-tld---ripe-for-abuse--but-so-far-so-good-%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.zip+%28top-level+domain%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em"><a href="/wiki/Generic_top-level_domain" title="Generic top-level domain">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.bar" title=".bar">.bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.biz" title=".biz">.biz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.blog" title=".blog">.blog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.cam" class="mw-redirect" title=".cam">.cam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.cloud" title=".cloud">.cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.club" title=".club">.club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.college" title=".college">.college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.com" title=".com">.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.fun" title=".fun">.fun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.gay" title=".gay">.gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.gdn" title=".gdn">.gdn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.global" title=".global">.global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.guru" title=".guru">.guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.inc" title=".inc">.inc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.info" title=".info">.info</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.kaufen" title=".kaufen">.kaufen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.lgbt" title=".lgbt">.lgbt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.name" title=".name">.name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.mobi" title=".mobi">.mobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.moe" title=".moe">.moe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.monster" title=".monster">.monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.music" title=".music">.music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.net" title=".net">.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.NGO_and_.ONG" class="mw-redirect" title=".NGO and .ONG">.ngo/.ong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.one_(domain)" title=".one (domain)">.one</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.online" title=".online">.online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.OOO" title=".OOO">.ooo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.org" title=".org">.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.pro" title=".pro">.pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.sexy" title=".sexy">.sexy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.shop" title=".shop">.shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.site" title=".site">.site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.tech" title=".tech">.tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.top" title=".top">.top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.video" title=".video">.video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.wiki" title=".wiki">.wiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.wtf" title=".wtf">.wtf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.xyz" title=".xyz">.xyz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">.zip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em"><a href="/wiki/Sponsored_top-level_domain" title="Sponsored top-level domain">Sponsored</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.aero" title=".aero">.aero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.amazon" title=".amazon">.amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.app_(gTLD)" class="mw-redirect" title=".app (gTLD)">.app</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.art_(top-level_domain)" title=".art (top-level domain)">.art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.bank" title=".bank">.bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.bible" title=".bible">.bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.cern" class="mw-redirect" title=".cern">.cern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.coop" title=".coop">.coop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.design" title=".design">.design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.dev" title=".dev">.dev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.eco" title=".eco">.eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.edu" title=".edu">.edu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.google" title=".google">.google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.gov" title=".gov">.gov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.hiv" title=".hiv">.hiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.int" title=".int">.int</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.jobs" 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title=".africa">.africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.alsace" class="mw-redirect" title=".alsace">.alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.amsterdam" title=".amsterdam">.amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.asia" title=".asia">.asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.barcelona" class="mw-redirect" title=".barcelona">.barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.bcn" title=".bcn">.bcn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.berlin" title=".berlin">.berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.brussels" title=".brussels">.brussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.bzh" title=".bzh">.bzh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.cat" title=".cat">.cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.cymru" title=".cymru">.cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.eu" title=".eu">.eu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.eus" title=".eus">.eus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.frl" title=".frl">.frl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.gal" title=".gal">.gal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.gent" title=".gent">.gent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.irish" title=".irish">.irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.istanbul" title=".istanbul">.ist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.istanbul" title=".istanbul">.istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.koeln" title=".koeln">.koeln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.krd" title=".krd">.krd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.lat" title=".lat">.lat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.london" title=".london">.london</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.melbourne" class="mw-redirect" title=".melbourne">.melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.nyc" title=".nyc">.nyc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.paris" title=".paris">.paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.quebec" title=".quebec">.quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.rio" title=".rio">.rio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.saarland" title=".saarland">.saarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.scot" title=".scot">.scot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.sydney" class="mw-redirect" title=".sydney">.sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.taipei" class="mw-redirect" title=".taipei">.taipei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.tokyo" title=".tokyo">.tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.vegas" class="mw-redirect" title=".vegas">.vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.vlaanderen" title=".vlaanderen">.vlaanderen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.wales" title=".wales">.wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.wien" title=".wien">.wien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.zuerich" class="mw-redirect" title=".zuerich">.zuerich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.arpa" title=".arpa">.arpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">Deleted/retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.nato" title=".nato">.nato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em"><a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain#Reserved_domains" title="Top-level domain">Reserved</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.example" title=".example">.example</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.internal" title=".internal">.internal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.invalid" title=".invalid">.invalid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.local" title=".local">.local</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.localhost" title=".localhost">.localhost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.onion" title=".onion">.onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.test" title=".test">.test</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Proposed175" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Proposed_top-level_domain" title="Proposed top-level domain">Proposed</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">Language and<br />nationality</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.eng" class="mw-redirect" title=".eng">.eng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.ker" class="mw-redirect" title=".ker">.ker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.nai" title=".nai">.nai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.sic" class="mw-redirect" title=".sic">.sic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">Technical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.geo" title=".geo">.geo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.mail" title=".mail">.mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.web" title=".web">.web</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.kid" class="mw-redirect" title=".kid">.kid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Generic_top-level_domains" title="Category:Generic top-level domains">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_top-level_domains" title="List of Internet top-level domains">Full list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Country code top-level 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