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<span>Fiscal crisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiscal_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Categories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Categories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Categories</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Categories-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Categories subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Categories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Combination_of_factors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combination_of_factors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Combination of factors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combination_of_factors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_"new_homeless"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_"new_homeless""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>The "new homeless"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_"new_homeless"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigrants,_asylum_seekers,_and_refugees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigrants,_asylum_seekers,_and_refugees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Immigrants, asylum seekers, and refugees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigrants,_asylum_seekers,_and_refugees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Street_children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Street_children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Street 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Demographic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Living_conditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Living_conditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Living conditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Living_conditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Informal_housing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Informal_housing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Informal housing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Informal_housing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efforts_to_assist_homeless_people" 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Local government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-profit_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-profit_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Non-profit organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-profit_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> 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id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instances of homelessness have been dominantly concentrated in the city of <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Homelessness remains a relatively under-examined area of <a href="/wiki/Social_policy" title="Social policy">social policy</a> in Greece, with the first organised counting for homeless people taking place in May 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Governments and non-profit organisations alike have made efforts to counter this phenomenon. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Greece&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A definition of <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homelessness</a> was written into Greece's national legislation in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Article 29 of Law 4052 includes two defining provisions.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Firstly, the homeless are "all persons legally residing in the country, that have no access, or have unsafe access to sufficient privately owned, rented or bestowed housing that meets the required specification and has basic water services and electricity."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Secondly, the term homeless includes those who live in temporary institutions, hostels, on the street, or "other inappropriate accommodation".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_background_and_causes">Historical background and causes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Greece&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Historical background and causes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neoliberalism"><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neoliberalism</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Greece&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Neoliberalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Favouritism of the <a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">free market</a> became more prevalent in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern Europe</a> in the late 1980s as well as 1990s, manifesting as cuts to social welfare and <a href="/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">deregulation</a> of urban development.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to this, government already encouraged small-scale property ownership as a free market good.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Constructing without a building permit became commonplace and vulnerable groups relied on charities or religious bodies for support.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Housing protection became identified as a constitutional right in the 1980s, but no relevant policy developments were made.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Family provision in Greece plays a large role in the welfare model in place of the government, as views regarding the sanctity of marriage and solidarity between generations are more pronounced in Greece than other nations.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These values encouraged families to shelter members, especially female members, from facing homelessness whilst those without kin networks were further entrenched.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Liberalization" title="Liberalization">Liberalization</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Market">labour market</a> and services market liberalization were among instruments enacted in response to competitiveness in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, the increase in <a href="/wiki/Airbnb" title="Airbnb">Airbnb</a> rentals in urban centres and tourist areas has increased average rent prices, making it more difficult for locals to find adequate accommodation arrangements.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fiscal_crisis"><a href="/wiki/Greek_government-debt_crisis" title="Greek government-debt crisis">Fiscal crisis</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Greece&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fiscal crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_debt_and_EU_average.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Greek_debt_and_EU_average.png/220px-Greek_debt_and_EU_average.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Greek_debt_and_EU_average.png/330px-Greek_debt_and_EU_average.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Greek_debt_and_EU_average.png/440px-Greek_debt_and_EU_average.png 2x" data-file-width="716" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption>Greece government-debt compared with EU average, 1999-2019</figcaption></figure> <p>Low exports and prevalent corruption led to a weak economy after the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subsequent public deficit was counteracted by borrowing, but the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–08">Global Financial Crisis</a> of 2007-08 made markets more fragile and Greece was forced to further borrow from global markets with higher interest rates.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Greek debt in relation to GDP reached 109.4% in 2008 and government revenue stagnated during 2001-2007.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new government in 2009 presented the true size of the budget deficit which was 15.2% of GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Markets lost confidence in the national economy. Facing bankruptcy in 2010, Greece signed three <a href="/wiki/Memorandum" title="Memorandum">Memorandums</a> otherwise known as bailout agreements in a failed effort to stabilise the economy.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greece received economic aid from three international creditors – the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, the <a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> in 2010, 2012, and 2015 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conditions of structural reform and <a href="/wiki/Austerity" title="Austerity">austerity</a> measures meant that income, pensions, unemployment, savings, and other economic factors were all impacted.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government increased taxes such as <a href="/wiki/Value-added_tax" title="Value-added tax">VAT</a> and reduce public costs. Expenditure on the National Health System and reductions in pensions and welfare benefits also took place, eroding the level of disposable income for many Greeks.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unemployment rose to 27.5% in December 2013, with the total number of unemployed reaching 1,363,137.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 24% of households were unable to repay mortgage instalments or rent.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Significant tax indebtedness of private households prompted the seizure of bank accounts, and eventually foreclosures of housing.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the homeless population has gone from 11,000 people in 2009 to 40,000 people in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Categories">Categories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Greece&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Categories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Homeless,_reading;_Athens,_Exarchia_(15824614293).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Homeless%2C_reading%3B_Athens%2C_Exarchia_%2815824614293%29.jpg/220px-Homeless%2C_reading%3B_Athens%2C_Exarchia_%2815824614293%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Homeless%2C_reading%3B_Athens%2C_Exarchia_%2815824614293%29.jpg/330px-Homeless%2C_reading%3B_Athens%2C_Exarchia_%2815824614293%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Homeless%2C_reading%3B_Athens%2C_Exarchia_%2815824614293%29.jpg/440px-Homeless%2C_reading%3B_Athens%2C_Exarchia_%2815824614293%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Homeless person in Athens</figcaption></figure> <p>The non-profit organisation Klimaka introduced the term "neo-homelessness" as a descriptor<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the diverse population of people rendered homeless by the <a href="/wiki/Greek_government-debt_crisis" title="Greek government-debt crisis">fiscal crisis</a> in Greece. It identified three main categories which homeless Greek people can be separated into. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combination_of_factors">Combination of factors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Greece&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Combination of factors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Homeless people who have experienced unemployment and low income, a lack of supportive networks, and mental health issues (often coupled with gambling, drug, or alcohol abuse) are placed in this category.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are often homeless for long periods of time and experiencing mental health disorders.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2018, unaccompanied minors have 1,191 placed available in shelters and apartments in Greece, with 2,485 on the waiting list.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of people staying in apartments without heating or electricity or experiencing eviction has increased as well.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Company of Electricity released a statement in 2016 estimating that 350,000 clients had debts valued at a total of approximately 1 billion euros.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_"new_homeless""><span id="The_.22new_homeless.22"></span>The "new homeless"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Greece&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The "new homeless""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>20% of the "new homeless" have higher education qualifications.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many were formerly employed in the technical, construction, or tourism industries and were accustomed to adequate living standards.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They usually do not have severe psychological disorders or involvement in delinquency and have a more potential for social reintegration than the “traditional” homeless.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigrants,_asylum_seekers,_and_refugees"><span id="Immigrants.2C_asylum_seekers.2C_and_refugees"></span>Immigrants, asylum seekers, and refugees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Greece&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Immigrants, asylum seekers, and refugees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Greece" title="Immigration to Greece">Immigrants and refugees</a> transitioning into permanent residency often face overcrowding and inadequate housing conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost 95% of discharged migrants from the Young Offenders Prison has no housing solution.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Refugees crossing the <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia_border_barrier" title="North Macedonia border barrier">Greek-Macedonian borders</a> after the <a href="/wiki/European_migrant_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European migrant crisis">2016 EU-Turkey deal</a> were displaced<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sought accommodation in camps, athletic fields, airports, and ports. In September 2018, 32,189 migrants or people seeking international protection in Greece resided in 34 open reception facilities and identification centres all over Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of this number, approximately 18,000 Turks were restricted from further entering on the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Islands" title="Aegean Islands">Aegean islands</a> which had the ability to accommodate in camps and detention facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Racist Violence Recording Network recorded an increase in violent assaults against migrants and refugees, attributing some to housing issues<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Street_children">Street children</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Greece&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Street children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Street_children#Greece" title="Street children">Street children § Greece</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Street_children&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>Greece's street child activity is heavily connected with <a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Europe" title="Human trafficking in Europe">human trafficking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Street_children_Children_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Street_children_Children-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, street children located in state-run facilities had disappeared. The disappearance is suspected to be linked to human trafficking.<sup id="cite_ref-Street_children_Children_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Street_children_Children-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The numbers have decreased in recent years, and <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> has taken "legislative action to criminalize human trafficking and related crimes", though <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> reports that the problem still exists, and there is a failure of government protection and justice of trafficked children.<sup id="cite_ref-Street_children_Children_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Street_children_Children-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Begging and other street activities have been outlawed in Greece since 2003, but the recent unemployment hike has increased levels of these actions.<sup id="cite_ref-Street_children_Children_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Street_children_Children-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> There are few programs for displaced children in Greece, which created a <i>street child</i> problem in the early 2000s. Giving foster parents to special needs children is not something the Greek government has done, leading to higher numbers of physically or mentally disabled street children.<sup id="cite_ref-Street_children_Children_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Street_children_Children-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also deterrents for working and poor parents in Greece making them more willing to force their children to the streets. For example, orphans are given financial benefits, but if they live in state-run facilities they cannot receive these benefits. For working parents to get government subsidies, they often have to have more than one child.<sup id="cite_ref-Street_children_Children_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Street_children_Children-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects">Effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Greece&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psychological">Psychological</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Greece&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Psychological"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Higher rates of mental health disorders have been recorded in the homeless Greek population compared to the non-homeless one. Those who are unemployed in Greece are twice as likely to experience mental health problems than those who are employed.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Academics conducted <a href="/wiki/Mini-international_neuropsychiatric_interview" title="Mini-international neuropsychiatric interview">Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interviews</a> on 254 homeless people in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> in 2013,<sup id="cite_ref-:5_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and found that 16.1% of participants had <a href="/wiki/Mood_disorder" title="Mood disorder">mood disorders</a>, 11.8% had <a href="/wiki/Anxiety_disorder" title="Anxiety disorder">anxiety disorders</a>, and 13.0% had psychotic disorders. Females experienced higher rates of these disorders.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These disorders sometimes intersected with <a href="/wiki/Substance_abuse" title="Substance abuse">substance abuse</a>, with 5.5% citing alcohol dependence (all of them male) and 6.3% citing drug abuse.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Being older and living on the streets for more months increased the likelihood of developing <a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychiatric disorders">psychiatric disorders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greek people facing homelessness also tend to underutilize mental health services and usually do not contact psychiatric services.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographic">Demographic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Greece&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Demographic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The threat of homelessness has, in part, caused demographic shifts by contributing to poor economic conditions. A worsening <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rate</a> of 3.9% due to high costs has been noted.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The phenomenon of <a href="/wiki/Human_capital_flight" title="Human capital flight">brain drain</a> has also been intensified, with 350,000 to 427,000 Greeks emigrating for employment opportunities.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Symeon Mavridis refers to a “lost generation”<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of citizens born in the 1980s and 1990s which has affected productivity and the social insurance system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Living_conditions">Living conditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Greece&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Living conditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One in ten homeless Greek people have sought refuge in a car, whilst one in seven have visited the hospital at least once to stay overnight.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For 52.4%, access to food is not a daily problem and 47.1% find that clothing is not an issue.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was found that 41% indicate that finding a place to wash or bathe is a problem.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About half of homeless Greeks live with between zero and 20 euros per month.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the transpiration of the economic crisis, an increase in calls relating to domestic violence and welfare issues as well as unexpected crises were made to the National Centre for Social Solidarity.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nearly half a million Greeks frequently visit soup kitchens organized by the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greece" title="Church of Greece">Church of Greece</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Informal_housing">Informal housing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Greece&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Informal housing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Demand for unaffordable urban space has led to informal construction and unplanned residential development in areas traditionally intended for agricultural and forest land use.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Homelessness and the inability to pay for formal dwellings in major cities such as Athens has contributed to this <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawling</a> process which incurs threats to biodiversity, <a href="/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">desertification</a>, and local water contamination.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2009, around 3,000 new unlicensed buildings were being legalised and integrated into the urban system per year.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Efforts_to_assist_homeless_people">Efforts to assist homeless people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Greece&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Efforts to assist homeless people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Greece&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some regulatory practices have been implemented to assist the homeless, with others still underway. Strong American influences on policy have resulted in two main approaches, the “staircase of transition” and “<a href="/wiki/Housing_First" title="Housing First">Housing First</a>”.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former operates under the assumption that providing improving levels of temporary housing will lead to permanent housing, whilst the latter assumes that other social services can be leveraged to empower the person to achieve security.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Housing and Reintegration Program was created in the pressurised fiscal environment in 2013, with €9.25 million allocated to local municipalities, NGOs, regional authorities, and church foundations.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, a National Strategy for Homelessness was established in 2018 with the aims of recording annual reduction targets, updating relevant legislation, and creating a separate sub-mechanism for stakeholder collaboration.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most homeless people are unable to receive unemployment benefits due to inability to comply with bureaucratic processes.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include providing a document or certificate from the Tax Office, public utility bills, landline telephone bills, or copies of an official tenancy agreement. Some practices associated with homelessness have been criminalized, most notably the banning of begging under Penal Code article 407.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Greece&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Local government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At a local level, authorities have started to become operational centres for a variety of social services including public space regulation, recognition of beneficiaries for housing assistance, and support for financially vulnerable people.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">Municipalities</a> have cooperated with non-profit organisations to create ‘Day Centres’ and ‘Night Shelters’, as well as integrate homeless services into their plans.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are continuing under the recognition of homelessness as a social issue with a need to be addressed within axe 9 of Structural Funds 2014-2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other practices that municipalities provide include issuing health cards for those who are uninsured, granting allowances, and investigating the living conditions of children with juvenile court orders.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-profit_organizations">Non-profit organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Greece&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Non-profit organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several non-profit organisations provide services for the homeless population. The charity Emfasis facilitates around 110 volunteers in Athens who give advice on welfare access and distribute food, blankets, books, and other essential goods.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another NGO called Praksis runs a day centre which allows people to wash their clothes, take a shower, and sleep in a bed.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shedia Magazine aims to provide an alternative to begging for more than 140 people by funnelling half of its proceeds to homeless vendors.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are four shelters in Athens for single refugee women with children run by The National Centre for Social Solidarity in addition to the 19 shelters run by the General Secretariat for Gender Equality.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Greece&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFArapoglouGounis2017" class="citation cs2">Arapoglou, Vassilis P.; Gounis, Kostas (2017), "Contested Landscapes of Homelessness in Athens", <i>Contested Landscapes of Poverty and Homelessness In Southern Europe</i>, Springer International Publishing, pp. 63–76, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-62452-5_4">10.1007/978-3-319-62452-5_4</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-62451-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-62451-8"><bdi>978-3-319-62451-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contested+Landscapes+of+Poverty+and+Homelessness+In+Southern+Europe&rft.atitle=Contested+Landscapes+of+Homelessness+in+Athens&rft.pages=63-76&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-62452-5_4&rft.isbn=978-3-319-62451-8&rft.aulast=Arapoglou&rft.aufirst=Vassilis+P.&rft.au=Gounis%2C+Kostas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomelessness+in+Greece" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.feantsa.org/download/gr-country-profile-20188609335085222190081.pdf">"FEANTSA Country Profile 2018"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>FEANTSA</i>. 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"Homelessness Policies in Crisis Greece: The Case of the Housing and Reintegration Program". <i>European Journal of Homelessness</i>. <b>11</b> (1): 1–22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Homelessness&rft.atitle=Homelessness+Policies+in+Crisis+Greece%3A+The+Case+of+the+Housing+and+Reintegration+Program&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-22&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Kourachanis&rft.aufirst=Nikos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomelessness+in+Greece" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKottasova2015" class="citation web cs1">Kottasova, Ivana (2015-07-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2015/07/12/news/economy/greece-crisis-homeless/index.html">"Greece crisis: Sleeping on the streets of Athens"</a>. <i>CNNMoney</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNNMoney&rft.atitle=Greece+crisis%3A+Sleeping+on+the+streets+of+Athens&rft.date=2015-07-12&rft.aulast=Kottasova&rft.aufirst=Ivana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2015%2F07%2F12%2Fnews%2Feconomy%2Fgreece-crisis-homeless%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomelessness+in+Greece" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPashali" class="citation web cs1">Pashali, Matina. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2015/07/magazine-greece-homeless-150712092603300.html">"Magazine: Greece through the eyes of the homeless"</a>. <i>www.aljazeera.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=Magazine%3A+Greece+through+the+eyes+of+the+homeless&rft.aulast=Pashali&rft.aufirst=Matina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Findepth%2Ffeatures%2F2015%2F07%2Fmagazine-greece-homeless-150712092603300.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomelessness+in+Greece" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Homelessness" title="Template:Homelessness"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Homelessness" title="Template talk:Homelessness"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Homelessness" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Homelessness"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Homelessness" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">Homelessness</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_and_Aging" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness and Aging">Aged people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_cafe_refugee" class="mw-redirect" title="Net cafe refugee">Cyber-homeless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_homelessness" title="Family homelessness">Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McRefugee" title="McRefugee">McRefugee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mole_people" title="Mole people">Mole people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_people" title="Street people">Street people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_children" title="Street children">Street children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_orphan" title="Social orphan">Social orphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagrancy_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vagrancy (people)">Vagrants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergie" title="Bergie">Bergie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramp" title="Tramp">Tramps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobo" title="Hobo">Hobos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_homelessness" title="Youth homelessness">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-homelessness_legislation" title="Anti-homelessness legislation">Anti-homelessness legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_Bill_of_Rights" title="Homeless Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumvertising" title="Bumvertising">Bumvertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_the_homeless" class="mw-redirect" title="Discrimination against the homeless">Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_and_mental_health" title="Homelessness and mental health">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_dumping" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeless dumping">Patient dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_popular_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in popular culture">Popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirituality_and_homelessness" title="Spirituality and homelessness">Spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_Vulnerability_Index" title="Homeless Vulnerability Index">Vulnerability Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pet_ownership_among_homeless_people" title="Pet ownership among homeless people">Pets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_sex" title="Survival sex">Survival sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_cleansing" title="Social cleansing">Social cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slum_clearance" title="Slum clearance">Slum clearance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Responses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soup_kitchen" title="Soup kitchen">Soup kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygiene_program" title="Hygiene program">Hygiene program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_ministry" title="Homeless ministry">Homeless ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_services" title="Homelessness services">Homelessness services</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_homelessness_organizations" title="List of homelessness organizations">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_newspaper" title="Street newspaper">Street newspaper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_street_newspapers" title="List of street newspapers">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shelters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_shelter" title="Homeless shelter">Homeless shelter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooling_center" title="Cooling center">Cooling center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop-in_center" title="Drop-in center">Drop-in center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_penny_coffin" title="Four penny coffin">Four penny coffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_sit-up" title="Penny sit-up">Penny sit-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warming_center" title="Warming center">Warming center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_shelter" title="Women's shelter">Women's shelter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_Friendly_Precincts" title="Homeless Friendly Precincts">Homeless Friendly Precincts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Housing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foyer_(housing_model)" title="Foyer (housing model)">Foyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_First" title="Housing First">Housing First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Re-Housing" title="Rapid Re-Housing">Rapid Re-Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_housing" title="Right to housing">Right to housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-room_occupancy" title="Single-room occupancy">Single-room occupancy</a> (SRO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tent_city" title="Tent city">Tent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transitional_housing" title="Transitional housing">Transitional housing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awareness</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_Action_Week" title="Homelessness Action Week">Homelessness Action Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_Persons%27_Week" title="Homeless Persons' Week">Homeless Persons' Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_World_Cup" title="Homeless World Cup">Homeless World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Year_of_Shelter_for_the_Homeless" title="International Year of Shelter for the Homeless">International Year of Shelter for the Homeless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_Child_World_Cup" title="Street Child World Cup">Street Child World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Homelessness_Matters_Day" title="Youth Homelessness Matters Day">Youth Homelessness Matters Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_homeless_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by homeless population">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Algeria" title="Homelessness in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_children_in_Ghana" title="Street children in Ghana">Ghanaian children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_South_Africa" title="Homelessness in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Canada" title="Homelessness in Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Vancouver" title="Homelessness in Vancouver">Vancouver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_children_in_Latin_America" title="Street children in Latin America">Latin American children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_among_LGBTQ_youth_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness among LGBTQ youth in the United States">LGBTQ youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_veterans_in_the_United_States" title="Homeless veterans in the United States">Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_women_in_the_United_States" title="Homeless women in the United States">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_California" title="Homelessness in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Colorado" title="Homelessness in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_services_and_homelessness_in_Columbus,_Ohio" title="Social services and homelessness in Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Florida" title="Homelessness in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Minneapolis_park_encampments" title="2020 Minneapolis park encampments">Minneapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_New_Mexico" title="Homelessness in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Oregon" title="Homelessness in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Seattle" title="Homelessness in Seattle">Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States_by_state" title="Homelessness in the United States by state">Elsewhere</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_children_in_Bangladesh" title="Street children in Bangladesh">Bangladeshi children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_China" title="Homelessness in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_India" title="Homelessness in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_children_in_India" title="Street children in India">children</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Indonesia" title="Homelessness in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Iraq" title="Homelessness in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Israel" title="Homelessness in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Japan" title="Homelessness in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotjebi" title="Kotjebi">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_children_in_the_Philippines" title="Street children in the Philippines">Filipino children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_children_in_Thailand" title="Street children in Thailand">Thai children</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_children_in_Eastern_Europe" title="Street children in Eastern Europe">Eastern European children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Hungary" title="Homelessness in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Russia" title="Homelessness in Russia">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Denmark" title="Homelessness in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Finland" title="Homelessness in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Ireland" title="Homelessness in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Sweden" title="Homelessness in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Homelessness in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_England" title="Homelessness in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Scotland" title="Homelessness in Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Portugal" title="Homelessness in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Spain" title="Homelessness in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Vatican_City" title="Homelessness in Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_France" title="Homelessness in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Germany" title="Homelessness in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_Netherlands" title="Homelessness in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Switzerland" title="Homelessness in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Australia" title="Homelessness in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Homelessness in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_New_Zealand" title="Homelessness in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Homelessness" title="Category:Homelessness">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Homelessness_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Homelessness_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Europe">Homelessness in Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Albania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Albania (page does not exist)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Austria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Austria (page does not exist)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Belgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Belgium (page does not exist)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Bulgaria (page does not exist)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Croatia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Croatia (page does not exist)">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Cyprus (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_the_Czech_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in the Czech Republic (page does not exist)">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Denmark" title="Homelessness in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Estonia (page does not exist)">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Finland" title="Homelessness in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_France" title="Homelessness in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Germany" title="Homelessness in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Hungary" title="Homelessness in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Iceland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Iceland (page does not exist)">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Italy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Italy (page does not exist)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Latvia (page does not exist)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Lithuania (page does not exist)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Luxembourg (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Malta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Malta (page does not exist)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Moldova (page does not exist)">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_Netherlands" title="Homelessness in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_North_Macedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in North Macedonia (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Norway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Norway (page does not exist)">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Poland (page does not exist)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Portugal" title="Homelessness in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Romania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Romania (page does not exist)">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Russia" title="Homelessness in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Serbia (page does not exist)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Slovakia (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Slovenia (page does not exist)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Spain" title="Homelessness in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Sweden" title="Homelessness in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Switzerland" title="Homelessness in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Turkey (page does not exist)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Ukraine (page does not exist)">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Homelessness in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Vatican_City" title="Homelessness in Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Kosovo (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_the_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in the Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homelessness_in_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homelessness in Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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