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(December 2016)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Ballistic Missile Early Warning System</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/BMEWS_Central_Computer_and_Display_Facility" class="mw-redirect" title="BMEWS Central Computer and Display Facility">BMEWS Central Computer and Display Facility</a> in United States</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System_at_Clear_AFS_(diagram).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System_at_Clear_AFS_%28diagram%29.png/300px-Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System_at_Clear_AFS_%28diagram%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System_at_Clear_AFS_%28diagram%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="143" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Sketch of <a href="/wiki/Clear_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Clear Air Force Station">Clear Air Force Station</a> BMEWS radars.<a href="#cite_note-4">[a]</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Radar network</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Site history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Built</th><td class="infobox-data">1958–1961<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a> (complete FOC was January 15, 1964)<a href="#cite_note-DelPapa-6">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Built by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Radio_Corporation_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Corporation of America">RCA Defense Electronics Products</a><a href="#cite_note-Spring1963-7">[6]</a>: 29 <a href="#cite_note-11">[b]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Fate</th><td class="infobox-data">Replaced in 2001 by <a href="/wiki/Solid_State_Phased_Array_Radar_System" title="Solid State Phased Array Radar System">SSPARS</a> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System&params=38_50_23_N_104_47_44_W_">38°50′23″N 104°47′44″W / 38.83972°N 104.79556°W / 38.83972; -104.79556</a> <a href="/wiki/Ent_Air_Force_Base" title="Ent Air Force Base">in Colorado</a></li> <li>Site I:<a href="#cite_note-fn1-12">[c]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System&params=76.569_N_68.318_W_">76°34′08″N 68°19′05″W / 76.569°N 68.318°W / 76.569; -68.318</a> <a href="/wiki/Thule_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Thule Air Base">in Greenland</a></li> <li>Site II:<a href="#cite_note-fn1-12">[c]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System&params=64.2561_N_149.1855_W_">64°15′22″N 149°11′08″W / 64.2561°N 149.1855°W / 64.2561; -149.1855</a> <a href="/wiki/Clear_AFS" class="mw-redirect" title="Clear AFS">in Alaska</a> (<a href="/wiki/71st_Missile_Warning_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="71st Missile Warning Wing">71st Det 2</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[10]</a>)</li> <li>Site III: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System&params=54.3616_N_0.6697_W_">54°21′42″N 0°40′11″W / 54.3616°N 0.6697°W / 54.3616; -0.6697</a> <a href="/wiki/RAF_Fylingdales" title="RAF Fylingdales">in Yorkshire</a> (<a href="/wiki/71st_Missile_Warning_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="71st Missile Warning Wing">71st Det 1</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[11]</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System&params=10_44_34_N_61_36_29_W_">10°44′34″N 61°36′29″W / 10.74278°N 61.60806°W / 10.74278; -61.60806</a> <a href="/wiki/Chaguaramas,_Trinidad" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaguaramas, Trinidad">on Trinidad</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[d]</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System&params=39_58_49_N_74_54_04_W_">39°58′49″N 74°54′04″W / 39.98028°N 74.90111°W / 39.98028; -74.90111</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Moorestown,_New_Jersey" title="Moorestown, New Jersey">in New Jersey</a> (<a href="/wiki/9th_Aerospace_Defense_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Aerospace Defense Division">9th Det 3</a><a href="#cite_note-Det3-19">[15]</a>)<a href="#cite_note-21">[e]</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> The RCA 474L Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS, 474L System,<a href="#cite_note-GlobalSecurity-22">[17]</a> Project 474L) was a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> <a href="/wiki/Early_warning_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Early warning radar">early warning radar</a>, computer, and communications system,<a href="#cite_note-23">[18]</a> for <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile" title="Ballistic missile">ballistic missile</a> detection. The network of twelve radars,<a href="#cite_note-StoneBanner-15">[12]</a> which was constructed beginning in 1958 and became operational in 1961, was built to detect a mass ballistic missile attack launched on northern approaches [for] 15 to 25 minutes' warning time<a href="#cite_note-24">[19]</a> also provided <a href="/wiki/Project_Space_Track" title="Project Space Track">Project Space Track</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[20]</a> satellite data (e.g., about one-quarter of <a href="/wiki/Space_Detection_and_Tracking_System" title="Space Detection and Tracking System">SPADATS</a> observations).<a href="#cite_note-26">[21]</a> It was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Solid_State_Phased_Array_Radar_System" title="Solid State Phased Array Radar System">Solid State Phased Array Radar System</a> in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-Chapman-27">[22]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> The Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS) was a radar system built by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (with the cooperation of <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> on whose territory some of the radars were sited) during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> to give early warning of a <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile">intercontinental ballistic missile</a> (ICBM) <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">nuclear strike</a>, to allow time for US bombers to get off the ground and land-based US ICBMs to be launched, to reduce the chances that a <a href="/wiki/Preemptive_war" title="Preemptive war">preemptive strike</a> could destroy US strategic nuclear forces. The shortest (<a href="/wiki/Great_circle" title="Great circle">great circle</a>) route for a Soviet ICBM attack on North America is across the <a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a>, so the BMEWS facilities were built in <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">the Arctic</a> at <a href="/wiki/Clear_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Clear Air Force Station">Clear Air Force Station</a> in central <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thule_Site_J" title="Thule Site J">Site J</a> near <a href="/wiki/Thule_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Thule Air Base">Thule Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thule,_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Thule, Greenland">Thule, Greenland</a>. When it became clear in the 1950s that the Soviet Union was developing ICBMs, the US was already building an early-warning radar system in the Arctic, the <a href="/wiki/DEW_line" class="mw-redirect" title="DEW line">DEW line</a>, but it was designed to detect bombers and did not have the capability of tracking ICBMs. The challenges of designing a system that could detect and track a massive strike of hundreds of ICBMs were formidable. The radar sites were located as far north in the Arctic as possible, to give maximum warning time of an attack. However, the time between when a Soviet missile would rise above the horizon and be detected and when it would reach its target in the US was only 10 to 25 minutes. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Equipment">edit</a>]</div> BMEWS consisted of two types of radars and various computer and reporting systems to support them. The first type of radar consisted of very large, fixed rectangular partial-parabolic reflectors with two primary feed points. They produced two fan-shaped microwave beams that allowed them to detect targets across a very wide horizontal front at two narrow vertical angles. These were used to provide wide-front coverage of missiles rising into their <a href="/wiki/Radar_horizon" title="Radar horizon">radar horizon</a>, and by tracking them at two points as they climbed, enough information to determine their rough trajectory. The second type of radar was used for fine tracking of selected targets, and consisted of a very large steerable parabolic reflector under a large <a href="/wiki/Radome" title="Radome">radome</a>. These radars provided high-resolution angular and ranging information that was fed to a computer for rapid calculation of the probable impact points of the missile warheads. The systems were upgraded several times over their lifetime, replacing the mechanically scanned systems with <a href="/wiki/Phased-array_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Phased-array radar">phased array radar</a> that could perform both roles at the same time. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_clear_AFS_site,_Official_photograph_BMEWS_Project_by_C._Henry,_5_July_1962,_Photographic_Services,_Riverton,_NJ,_BMEWS,_clear_as_negative_no._A-3945._-_Clear_Air_Force_HAER_AK-30-A-96.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Aerial_view_of_clear_AFS_site%2C_Official_photograph_BMEWS_Project_by_C._Henry%2C_5_July_1962%2C_Photographic_Services%2C_Riverton%2C_NJ%2C_BMEWS%2C_clear_as_negative_no._A-3945._-_Clear_Air_Force_HAER_AK-30-A-96.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Aerial_view_of_clear_AFS_site%2C_Official_photograph_BMEWS_Project_by_C._Henry%2C_5_July_1962%2C_Photographic_Services%2C_Riverton%2C_NJ%2C_BMEWS%2C_clear_as_negative_no._A-3945._-_Clear_Air_Force_HAER_AK-30-A-96.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Aerial_view_of_clear_AFS_site%2C_Official_photograph_BMEWS_Project_by_C._Henry%2C_5_July_1962%2C_Photographic_Services%2C_Riverton%2C_NJ%2C_BMEWS%2C_clear_as_negative_no._A-3945._-_Clear_Air_Force_HAER_AK-30-A-96.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4782" data-file-height="3688" /></a><figcaption>Three of the huge AN/FPS-50 radars, BMEWS Site 2, near Anderson, Alaska, in 1962.</figcaption></figure> BMEWS equipment included:<a href="#cite_note-DoD1960-28">[23]</a> <ul><li>General Electric AN/FPS-50 Radar Set, a UHF (440 MHz) detector with transmitter having an <a href="/wiki/Organ-pipe_scanner" title="Organ-pipe scanner">organ-pipe scanner</a> feed, fixed 1,500 ton<a href="#cite_note-29">[24]</a> parabolic-torus reflector, and receiver with Doppler filter bank to scan with two horizontally-sweeping fans<a href="#cite_note-StoneBanner-15">[12]</a> for as many as ~12,000 observations per day<a href="#cite_note-BMW-16">[13]</a> for surveillance (determining range, position, and range rate) of space objects<a href="#cite_note-30">[25]</a></li> <li>RCA AN/FPS-49 Radar Set, a five-horn monopulse tracker (e.g., three at Site III) and FPS-49A variant (different radome) at Thule<a href="#cite_note-31">[26]</a> (vacuum tubes 10 feet tall in transmitter buildings are used to warm the site)<a href="#cite_note-32">[27]</a></li> <li>RCA AN/FPS-92 Radar Set, an upgraded FPS-49 featuring more elaborate receiver circuits and hydrostatic bearings<a href="#cite_note-BMW-16">[13]</a> at Clear<a href="#cite_note-33">[28]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvania_Electric_Products" title="Sylvania Electric Products">Sylvania</a> AN/FSQ-53 Radar Monitoring Set, with console and Signal Data Converter Group<a href="#cite_note-34">[29]</a> ("data take-off unit")[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Sylvania AN/FSQ-28 Missile Impact Predictor Set, with duplex <a href="/wiki/IBM_7090" title="IBM 7090">IBM-7090 TX solid-state computers</a> e.g., in Building 2 at Thule <a href="#cite_note-35">[30]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>] and part of the AN/FPA-21 Radar Central Computer at Site III<a href="#cite_note-36">[31]</a>—Satellite Information Processor (SIP) software was later added at Site III for use on the backup IBM 7090.<a href="#cite_note-37">[32]</a></li> <li>RCA Communications Data Processor (CDP),<a href="#cite_note-Gandy-38">[33]</a> as used in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Electric" title="Western Electric">Western Electric</a> Air Force Communications Network (AF DATACOM) of <a href="/wiki/AUTODIN" class="mw-redirect" title="AUTODIN">AUTODIN</a><a href="#cite_note-Spring1963-7">[6]</a>: 21 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Electric" title="Western Electric">Western Electric</a><a href="#cite_note-Moora-39">[34]</a> BMEWS Rearward Communications System, a network to link the separate elements<a href="#cite_note-DoD1960-28">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[35]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>] and one of six ADC comm systems: BMEWS Rearward Long-Lines System<a href="#cite_note-41">[36]</a> at <a href="/wiki/CFS_Resolution_Island" title="CFS Resolution Island">CFS Resolution Island</a><a href="#cite_note-Mitchell-42">[37]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>]<a href="#cite_note-43">[38]</a> and <a href="/wiki/CFS_Saglek" title="CFS Saglek">CFS Saglek</a>,<a href="#cite_note-44">[39]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>] (<a href="/wiki/Cf." title="Cf.">cf.</a> Pole Vault system on the <a href="/wiki/Pine_Tree_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Pine Tree Line">Pinetree Line</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_Alice_Communications_System" title="White Alice Communications System">White Alice in Alaska</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Spring1963-7">[6]</a> and to <a href="/wiki/RAF_Fylingdales" title="RAF Fylingdales">RAF Fylingdales</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Radio_System" title="North Atlantic Radio System">NARS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMEWS_Central_Computer_and_Display_Facility" class="mw-redirect" title="BMEWS Central Computer and Display Facility">BMEWS Central Computer and Display Facility</a> (CC&DF)<a href="#cite_note-NORAD1962B-45">[40]</a> at Ent AFB (<a href="/wiki/Zone_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Zone of the Interior">ZI portion</a> of BMEWS),<a href="#cite_note-NORAD1958-8">[7]</a> with RCA Display Information Processor (DIP)<a href="#cite_note-Gandy-38">[33]</a>—DIPS displays were also at the <a href="/wiki/Offutt_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Offutt AFB">Offutt AFB</a> war room floor and balcony,<a href="#cite_note-46">[41]</a> as well as at <a href="/wiki/Joint_War_Room" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint War Room">the Pentagon</a><a href="#cite_note-DelPapa-6">[5]</a></li></ul> To predict when parts might break down,<a href="#cite_note-Ellensburg-47">[42]</a> the contractor also installed <a href="/wiki/RCA_501" title="RCA 501">RCA 501</a> computers<a href="#cite_note-48">[43]</a> with 32k high-speed memory, 5-76KC 556 bpi 3/4" tape drives, and 200-track random-access <a href="/wiki/Low-frequency_effects" title="Low-frequency effects">LFE</a> drums.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="The previous uncited paragraph also had "Every wire was able to be traced from origin to destination with software and the weight of the cable interconnecting cabinets was automatically calculated by an RCA 501 machine language program named "signal path" written by Robert Goerss, computing facility director." (March 2014)">citation needed</a>] The initially replaced portions of BMEWS included <a href="/wiki/Space_Defense_Center" title="Space Defense Center">the Ent CC&DF</a> by the Burroughs 425L Missile Warning System at the <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne_Mountain_Complex" title="Cheyenne Mountain Complex">Cheyenne Mountain Complex</a><a href="#cite_note-GAO1978-49">[44]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Full_operational_capability" class="mw-redirect" title="Full operational capability">FOC</a> July 1, 1966.)<a href="#cite_note-DelPapa-6">[5]</a> The original Missile Impact Predictors were replaced (<a href="/wiki/Initial_operational_capability" class="mw-redirect" title="Initial operational capability">IOC</a> on August 31, 1984),<a href="#cite_note-DelPapa-6">[5]</a> and BMEWS systems were entirely replaced by 2001 (e.g., radars were replaced with AN/FPS-120 SSPARS) after <a href="/wiki/Satellite_Early_Warning_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite Early Warning System">Satellite Early Warning Systems</a> had been deployed (e.g., 1961 <a href="/wiki/Missile_Defense_Alarm_System" title="Missile Defense Alarm System">MIDAS</a>, 1968 <a href="/wiki/Project_949" class="mw-redirect" title="Project 949">Project 949</a>, and 1970 <a href="/wiki/Defense_Support_Program" title="Defense Support Program">DSP</a> satellites). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification_of_radar_systems">Classification of radar systems</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Classification of radar systems">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Joint_Electronics_Type_Designation_System" title="Joint Electronics Type Designation System">Joint Electronics Type Designation System</a></div> Under the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Electronics_Type_Designation_System" title="Joint Electronics Type Designation System">Joint Electronics Type Designation System</a> (JETDS), all U.S. military radar and tracking systems are assigned a unique identifying alphanumeric designation. The letters “AN” (for Army-Navy) are placed ahead of a three-letter code.<a href="#cite_note-EWRS2013-50">[45]</a> <ul><li>The first letter of the three-letter code denotes the type of platform hosting the electronic device, where A=Aircraft, F=Fixed (land-based), S=Ship-mounted, and T=Ground transportable.</li> <li>The second letter indicates the type of equipment, where P=Radar (pulsed), Q=Sonar, and R=Radio.</li> <li>The third letter indicates the function or purpose of the device, where G=Fire control, R=Receiving, S=Search, and T=Transmitting.</li></ul> Thus, the AN/FPS-49 represents the 49th design of an Army-Navy “Fixed, Radar, Search” electronic device.<a href="#cite_note-EWRS2013-50">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-Winkler1997-51">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_tests">Early tests</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early tests">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1961_Eyes_of_the_North_-_minute_4-51_--_BMEWS_arcs_and_Q_points.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/1961_Eyes_of_the_North_-_minute_4-51_--_BMEWS_arcs_and_Q_points.png/220px-1961_Eyes_of_the_North_-_minute_4-51_--_BMEWS_arcs_and_Q_points.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/1961_Eyes_of_the_North_-_minute_4-51_--_BMEWS_arcs_and_Q_points.png/330px-1961_Eyes_of_the_North_-_minute_4-51_--_BMEWS_arcs_and_Q_points.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/1961_Eyes_of_the_North_-_minute_4-51_--_BMEWS_arcs_and_Q_points.png/440px-1961_Eyes_of_the_North_-_minute_4-51_--_BMEWS_arcs_and_Q_points.png 2x" data-file-width="1110" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>The Thule site J <a href="/wiki/BMEWS" class="mw-redirect" title="BMEWS">BMEWS</a> station's detection arcs.<a href="#cite_note-55">[f]</a></figcaption></figure> On June 2, 1955, a General Electric <a href="/wiki/AN/FPS-17" title="AN/FPS-17">AN/FPS-17</a> "XW-1" radar at Site IX<a href="#cite_note-Zabetakis-56">[50]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pirin%C3%A7lik_Air_Base" title="Pirinçlik Air Base">in Turkey</a> that had been expedited was completed by the US in proximity to the ballistic missile launch test site at <a href="/wiki/Kapustin_Yar" title="Kapustin Yar">Kapustin Yar</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a><a href="#cite_note-StoneBanner-15">[12]</a> for tracking Soviet rockets<a href="#cite_note-Skolnik-54">[49]</a> and to demonstrate the feasibility of advanced <a href="/wiki/Doppler_effect" title="Doppler effect">Doppler</a> processing, high-power system components, and computerized tracking needed for BMEWS [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>].<a href="#cite_note-StoneBanner-15">[12]</a> The first missile tracked was on June 15, and the radar's parabolic reflector was replaced in 1958,<a href="#cite_note-Zabetakis-56">[50]</a> and its range was extended from 1000 to 2000 nautical miles<a href="#cite_note-57">[51]</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Gaither_Report" title="Gaither Report">1957 Gaither Commission</a> identified that because of expected Soviet ICBM development, there would be little likelihood of <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command" title="Strategic Air Command">SAC's</a> bombers surviving since there was no way to detect an incoming attack until the first warhead landed.<a href="#cite_note-Freeman-58">[52]</a> BMEWS' General Operational Requirement 156 was issued on November 7, 1957 (BMEWS was designed to go with the active portion of <a href="/wiki/Project_Wizard" title="Project Wizard">the WIZARD system</a>) and on February 4, 1958; the USAF informed <a href="/wiki/Air_Defense_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Defense Command">Air Defense Command</a> (ADC) that BMEWS was an "all-out program" and the "system has been directed by <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower">the President</a>, has the same national priority as the ballistic missile and satellite programs and is being placed on the Department of Defense master urgency list."<a href="#cite_note-59">[53]</a> By July 1958 after NORAD manning began, ADC's 1954 blockhouse for the Ent AFB command center had inadequate floor space; and Ent's "requirement for a ballistic missile defense system display facility...brought renewed action...for a new command post"<a href="#cite_note-NORAD1958-8">[7]</a> (the JCS approved the nuclear bunker on February 11, 1959). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Planning_and_development">Planning and development</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Planning and development">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BMEWS_Tac_Ops_Room.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/BMEWS_Tac_Ops_Room.jpg/220px-BMEWS_Tac_Ops_Room.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/BMEWS_Tac_Ops_Room.jpg/330px-BMEWS_Tac_Ops_Room.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/BMEWS_Tac_Ops_Room.jpg/440px-BMEWS_Tac_Ops_Room.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2830" data-file-height="1910" /></a><figcaption>BMEWS tracking monitors in the Thule Tactical Operations Room, which were upgraded in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-AFHindex-60">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[g]</a></figcaption></figure> On January 14, 1958, the US announced its decision to establish a Ballistic Missile Early Warning System<a href="#cite_note-Chronology-63">[56]</a> with Thule to be operational in 1959—total Thule/Clear costs in a May 1958 estimate were ~$800 million (an October 13, 1958, plan for both estimated completion in September 1960.)<a href="#cite_note-Wainstein-64">[57]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Laboratory">Lincoln Laboratory</a>'s radar at <a href="/wiki/Millstone_Hill" title="Millstone Hill">Millstone Hill</a>, Massachusetts, was built and provided data to a 1958<a href="#cite_note-65">[58]</a> for trajectory estimates, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral" title="Cape Canaveral">Cape Canaveral</a> missiles, and an adjunct high-power UHF test facility employed the Millstone transmitter to stress-test the components that were candidates for the operational BMEWS.<a href="#cite_note-StoneBanner-15">[12]</a> (A twin of the Millstone Hill radar was dedicated at <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_Radar_Laboratory" title="Prince Albert Radar Laboratory">Prince Albert Radar Laboratory</a> on June 6, 1959.)<a href="#cite_note-StoneBanner-15">[12]</a> A prototype AN/FPS-43 BMEWS radar<a href="#cite_note-BMW-16">[13]</a> completed at <a href="/wiki/Trinidad" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a> in 1958 went operational on February 4, 1959, the date of an <a href="/wiki/Atlas_II" title="Atlas II">Atlas II B</a> firing from <a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral" title="Cape Canaveral">Cape Canaveral</a> <a href="/wiki/Launch_Complex_11" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch Complex 11">Launch Complex 11</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[59]</a> (lunar reflection was tested January–June 1960).<a href="#cite_note-67">[60]</a> On June 30, 1958, NORAD emphasized that the BMEWS could not be considered as a self-contained entity separate from the <a href="/wiki/LIM-49_Nike_Zeus" class="mw-redirect" title="LIM-49 Nike Zeus">Nike Zeus</a>, or vice versa.<a href="#cite_note-68">[61]</a> On March 18, 1959, the USAF told the BMEWS Project Office[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">where?</a>] to proceed with an interim facility<a href="#cite_note-NORAD1959-69">[62]</a>: 93  for the "<a href="/wiki/Space_Defense_Center" title="Space Defense Center">AICBM control center</a>" with an <a href="/wiki/Anti-ballistic_missile" title="Anti-ballistic missile">anti-ICBM</a> <a href="/wiki/Command,_control,_and_coordination_system" title="Command, control, and coordination system">C3 computer</a><a href="#cite_note-NORAD1958B-53">[48]</a>: 148  (e.g., for when the USAF <a href="/wiki/Wizard_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Wizard Program">Wizard</a><a href="#cite_note-NORAD1958B-53">[48]</a>: 157  and/or Army Nike Zeus<a href="#cite_note-Rogers-70">[63]</a> ABMs became operational), and the basement of the 1954 ADC blockhouse was considered for the interim center.<a href="#cite_note-NORAD1958B-53">[48]</a>: 158  A "<a href="/wiki/Space_Detection_and_Tracking_System" title="Space Detection and Tracking System">satellite prediction computer</a>" could be added to the planned missile warning center if <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne_Mountain_nuclear_bunker" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheyenne Mountain nuclear bunker">Cheyenne Mountain's "hardened COC</a> slipped considerably beyond January 1962"<a href="#cite_note-NORAD1959-69">[62]</a>: 93  (tunneling began in June 1961.) In early 1959 for use at Ent in September 1960, a BMEWS display facility with "austere and economical construction with minimum equipment" was planned in an "annex to the current COC building".<a href="#cite_note-NORAD1959-69">[62]</a> In late 1959, <a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">ARPA</a> opened[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">where?</a>] the 474L System Program Office,<a href="#cite_note-GlobalSecurity-22">[17]</a> and BMEWS' "<a href="/wiki/12th_Missile_Warning_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="12th Missile Warning Squadron">12th Missile Warning Squadron</a> at Thule...began operating in January 1960."<a href="#cite_note-71">[64]</a> Following a <a href="/wiki/Nike_Zeus" title="Nike Zeus">Nike ABM</a> intercept of a test missile, the planned Cheyenne Mountain mission was expanded in August 1960 to "a hardened center from which <a href="/wiki/CINCNORAD" class="mw-redirect" title="CINCNORAD">CINCNORAD</a> would supervise and direct operations against space attack as well as air attack"<a href="#cite_note-ARDC-72">[65]</a> (NORAD assumed "operational control of all space assets with the formation of" SPADATS in October 1960.)<a href="#cite_note-Freeman-58">[52]</a> The <a href="/wiki/1st_Aerospace_Surveillance_and_Control_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Aerospace Surveillance and Control Squadron">1st Aerospace Surveillance and Control Squadron</a> (1st Aero) was activated at Ent AFB on February 14, 1961; and <a href="/wiki/Federal_Building_(Ent_AFB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Building (Ent AFB)">Ent's Federal Building</a> was completed c. 1960-1. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deployment">Deployment</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Deployment">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thule_BMEWS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Thule_BMEWS.jpg/220px-Thule_BMEWS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Thule_BMEWS.jpg/330px-Thule_BMEWS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Thule_BMEWS.jpg/440px-Thule_BMEWS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2830" data-file-height="1910" /></a><figcaption>4 AN/FPS-50 detection reflectors at <a href="/wiki/Thule_Site_J" title="Thule Site J">Thule Site J</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[h]</a> The concrete foundation included a large refrigeration system to prevent the curing concrete's heat from melting the <a href="/wiki/Permafrost" title="Permafrost">permafrost</a>.</figcaption></figure> Clear AFS construction began in August 1958<a href="#cite_note-Ellensburg-47">[42]</a> with 700 workers<a href="#cite_note-Ellensburg-47">[42]</a> and was completed July 1, 1961,<a href="#cite_note-Ellensburg-47">[42]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thule_Site_J" title="Thule Site J">Thule Site J</a> construction began by May 18, 1960,<a href="#cite_note-75">[67]</a> with radar pedestals complete by June 2.<a href="#cite_note-Rogers-70">[63]</a> Thule testing began on May 16, 1960,<a href="#cite_note-76">[68]</a> IOC was completed on September 30,<a href="#cite_note-Wainstein-64">[57]</a> and the initial operational radar transmission was in October 1960<a href="#cite_note-Newburgh-77">[69]</a> (initially duplex vacuum tube <a href="/wiki/IBM_709" title="IBM 709">IBM 709s</a> occupied two floors).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] On October 5, 1960, when Khrushchev was in New York,<a href="#cite_note-Pearson-78">[70]</a> radar returns during moonrise at Thule<a href="#cite_note-79">[71]</a> produced a <a href="/wiki/False_alarm" title="False alarm">false alarm</a>. On January 20, 1961, <a href="/wiki/CINCNORAD" class="mw-redirect" title="CINCNORAD">CINCNORAD</a> approved two-second FPS-50 frequency hoping to eliminate reception of echoes beyond artificial satellite orbits.<a href="#cite_note-StoneBanner-15">[12]</a> On November 24, 1961, an <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a> operator failure at their <a href="/wiki/Black_Forest,_Colorado" title="Black Forest, Colorado">Black Forest</a> microwave station northeast of <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado Springs">Colorado Springs</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[72]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>] caused a BMEWS communications outage to Ent and Offutt – a B-52 near Thule confirmed the site still remained.<a href="#cite_note-81">[73]</a> Training for civilian technicians included a February 1961 RCA class in <a href="/wiki/Riverton,_New_Jersey" title="Riverton, New Jersey">New Jersey</a> for a Tracking Radar Automatic Monitoring class.<a href="#cite_note-82">[74]</a> The "Clear Msl Early Warning Stn, <a href="/wiki/Nenana,_Alaska" title="Nenana, Alaska">Nenana, AK</a>" was assigned to <a href="/wiki/Hanscom_Field" title="Hanscom Field">Hanscom Field</a>, Massachusetts, by the JCA on April 1, 1961.<a href="#cite_note-Mueller-83">[75]</a> By May 16, 1961, Ent's "War Room at NORAD" had a glass map for plotting aircraft and had a "map [that] lights up" to show multiple impact ellipses and times "before the huge missile[s] would burst"<a href="#cite_note-Pearson-78">[70]</a> (separate from Ent's BMEWS CC&DF building, the two-story blockhouse had a war room with, left of the main NORAD region display, a BMEWS display map and "threat summary display" with a count of incoming missiles.)<a href="#cite_note-84">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[i]</a> The Trinidad Test Site transferred from <a href="/wiki/Griffiss_Air_Force_Base" title="Griffiss Air Force Base">Rome AFB</a> to <a href="/wiki/Patrick_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick AFB">Patrick AFB</a> on July 1, 1961 (closed as "Trinidad Air Station" in 1971)<a href="#cite_note-Mueller-83">[75]</a> and the same month, the 1st Aero began using Ent's <a href="/wiki/Space_Detection_and_Tracking_System" title="Space Detection and Tracking System">Space Detection and Tracking System</a> (SPADATS) operation center in building P4's annex<a href="#cite_note-86">[77]</a> (Cheyenne Mtn's <a href="/wiki/Space_Defense_Center" title="Space Defense Center">Space Defense Center</a> became fully operational in 1967.)<a href="#cite_note-Chronology-63">[56]</a> The BRCS undersea cable was cut "presumably by fishing trawlers" in September, October, and November 1961 (the BMEWS teletype and backup <a href="/wiki/Single_Side_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="Single Side Band">SSB</a> substituted);<a href="#cite_note-NORAD1962B-45">[40]</a> and in December 1961, Capt. Joseph P. Kaufman was charged "with giving [BMEWS] defense data to ... East German Communists."<a href="#cite_note-87">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BMEWS_surveillance_wing">BMEWS surveillance wing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: BMEWS surveillance wing">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/71st_Flying_Training_Wing" title="71st Flying Training Wing">71st Surveillance Wing, Ballistic Missile Early Warning System</a>, was activated on December 6, 1961, at <a href="/wiki/Ent_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ent AFB">Ent AFB</a> (renamed <a href="/wiki/71st_Missile_Warning_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="71st Missile Warning Wing">71st Missile Warning Wing</a> on January 1, 1967, at <a href="/wiki/McGuire_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="McGuire AFB">McGuire AFB</a> July 21, 1969 – April 30, 1971).<a href="#cite_note-Mueller-83">[75]</a> Syracuse's BMEWS Test Facility at GE's High-Power Radar Laboratory<a href="#cite_note-88">[79]</a> became the responsibility of <a href="/wiki/Rome_Air_Development_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Rome Air Development Center">Rome Air Development Center</a> on April 11, 1962<a href="#cite_note-Strain-89">[80]</a> (Syracuse's Eagle Hill Test Annex closed in 1970)<a href="#cite_note-Mueller-83">[75]</a> and on July 31, 1962, NORAD recommended a tracking radar station at Cape Clear to close the BMEWS gap with Thule for low-angle missiles (vice those with the 15-65 degree angle for which BMEWS was designed.)<a href="#cite_note-NORAD1962B-45">[40]</a> By mid-1962, BMEWS "quick fixes" for <a href="/wiki/Electronic_counter-countermeasures" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic counter-countermeasures">ECCM</a> had been installed at Fylingdales Moor, Thule and Cape Clear AK<a href="#cite_note-NORAD1962B-45">[40]</a> and by June 30, integration of BMEWS and SPADATS at Ent AFB was completed.<a href="#cite_note-DelPapa-6">[5]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a>, the <a href="/wiki/USS_Rancocas" title="USS Rancocas">Moorestown AN/FPS-49 radar</a> on October 24 was "withdrawn from SPADATS and realigned to provide missile surveillance over Cuba."<a href="#cite_note-NORAD1962B-45">[40]</a> 1962 "strikes and walkouts" delayed Fylingdales' planned completion from March until September 1963 and on November 7, the Pentagon BMEWS display subsytem installation was complete.<a href="#cite_note-DelPapa-6">[5]</a> At the end of 1962, NORAD was "concerned over BMEWS' virtual inability to detect objects beyond a range of 1500 nautical miles."<a href="#cite_note-NORAD1962B-45">[40]</a> The Moorestown FPS-49 completed a BMEWS "signature analysis program" on scale models by January 1963.<a href="#cite_note-Det3-19">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Air_Defense_Command_/_Aerospace_Defense_Command">Air Defense Command / Aerospace Defense Command</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Air Defense Command / Aerospace Defense Command">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RAF_Fylingdales_golfballs_1989.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/RAF_Fylingdales_golfballs_1989.jpg/220px-RAF_Fylingdales_golfballs_1989.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/RAF_Fylingdales_golfballs_1989.jpg/330px-RAF_Fylingdales_golfballs_1989.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/RAF_Fylingdales_golfballs_1989.jpg/440px-RAF_Fylingdales_golfballs_1989.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="641" /></a><figcaption>Fylingdales AN/FPS-49 radomes in 1986<a href="#cite_note-93">[j]</a></figcaption></figure> Operations transferred from civilian contractors (RCA Government Services)<a href="#cite_note-Spring1963-7">[6]</a>: 29  to ADC on January 5, 1962<a href="#cite_note-Newburgh-77">[69]</a> (renamed <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_Defense_Command" title="Aerospace Defense Command">Aerospace Defense Command</a> in 1968.) Fylingdales became operational on September 17, 1963,<a href="#cite_note-94">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-Newburgh-77">[69]</a> and Site III transferred to <a href="/wiki/RAF_Fighter_Command" title="RAF Fighter Command">RAF Fighter Command</a> on January 15, 1964. <a href="#cite_note-95">[85]</a> Remaining BMEWS development responsibilities transferred to the "Space Track SPO (496L)" when the BMEWS SPO closed on February 14, 1964<a href="#cite_note-DelPapa-6">[5]</a>—e.g., the AN/FPS-92 with "66-inch panels"<a href="#cite_note-96">[86]</a> was added to Clear in 1966<a href="#cite_note-97">[87]</a> (last of the five tracking radars),<a href="#cite_note-98">[88]</a> and in 1967, BMEWS modification testing was complete on May 15, when the system cost totaled $1.259 billion,<a href="#cite_note-DelPapa-6">[5]</a> equivalent to $8.78 billion in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-inflation-USGDP-99">[89]</a> In 1968, Ent's 9th Division HQ had a Spacetrack/BMEWS Maintenance Section.<a href="#cite_note-100">[90]</a> In 1975, <a href="/wiki/SECDEF" class="mw-redirect" title="SECDEF">SECDEF</a> told Congress that Clear would be closed when <a href="/wiki/Cobra_Dane" title="Cobra Dane">Cobra Dane</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Beale_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Beale AFB">Beale AFB</a> <a href="/wiki/PAVE_PAWS" title="PAVE PAWS">PAVE PAWS</a> became operational.<a href="#cite_note-101">[91]</a> By 1976, BMEWS included <a href="/wiki/IBM_7094" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM 7094">IBM 7094</a>, <a href="/wiki/CDC_6000" class="mw-redirect" title="CDC 6000">CDC 6000</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Honeywell_800" title="Honeywell 800">Honeywell 800</a> computers.<a href="#cite_note-102">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="USAF_Space_Command">USAF Space Command</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: USAF Space Command">edit</a>]</div> On October 1, 1979, Thule and Clear transferred to <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command" title="Strategic Air Command">Strategic Air Command</a> when ADCOM was broken up<a href="#cite_note-Johnson-103">[93]</a> then to <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Space_Command#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Space Command">Space Command</a> in 1982. By 1981 Cheyenne Mountain had been averaging 6,700 messages per hour<a href="#cite_note-104">[94]</a> compiled via sensor inputs from BMEWS, the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Surveillance_System" title="Joint Surveillance System">JSS</a>, the 416N <a href="/wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile" title="Submarine-launched ballistic missile">SLBM</a> "Detection and Warning System, <a href="/wiki/COBRA_DANE" class="mw-redirect" title="COBRA DANE">COBRA DANE</a>, and <a href="/wiki/PARCS_(radar)" class="mw-redirect" title="PARCS (radar)">PARCS</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Satellite_Early_Warning_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite Early Warning System">SEWS</a> and <a href="/wiki/PAVE_PAWS" title="PAVE PAWS">PAVE PAWS</a>" for transmission to the <a href="/wiki/National_Command_Authority_(United_States)" title="National Command Authority (United States)">NCA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WWMCCS-105">[95]</a> To replace AN/FSQ-28 predictors, a late 1970s plan for processing returns from <a href="/wiki/MIRV" class="mw-redirect" title="MIRV">MIRVs</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[96]</a> installed in new Missile Impact Predictor computers was complete by September 1984.<a href="#cite_note-DelPapa-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-AFHindex-60">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Replacement">Replacement</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Replacement">edit</a>]</div> The BMEWS was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Solid_State_Phased_Array_Radar_System" title="Solid State Phased Array Radar System">Solid State Phased Array Radar System</a> in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-Chapman-27">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Main_Centre_for_Missile_Attack_Warning" title="Main Centre for Missile Attack Warning">Main Centre for Missile Attack Warning</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_State_Phased_Array_Radar_System" title="Solid State Phased Array Radar System">Solid State Phased Array Radar System</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Replaced by a <a href="/wiki/Solid_State_Phased_Array_Radar_System" title="Solid State Phased Array Radar System">Solid State Phased Array Radar System</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> constructed April 16, 1998 – February 1, 2001.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> RCA was contracted in January 1958<a href="#cite_note-NORAD1958-8">[7]</a> and employed 485 large companies and 2415 smaller firms spread over 29 states<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> ($474,831,000 contract in February 1960)<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-fn1-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_12-1">b</a> Air Defense Command radar stations (<a href="/wiki/Cf." title="Cf.">cf.</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_USAF_Aerospace_Defense_Command_General_Surveillance_Radar_Stations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of USAF Aerospace Defense Command General Surveillance Radar Stations">ADC general surveillance stations</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> site for <a href="/wiki/File:Tracking_Station_Dish,_Trinidad_and_Tobago.jpg" title="File:Tracking Station Dish, Trinidad and Tobago.jpg">FPS-50 prototype</a><a href="#cite_note-StoneBanner-15">[12]</a> (AN/FPS-43)<a href="#cite_note-BMW-16">[13]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> site for 1959–76<a href="#cite_note-20">[16]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>] FPS-49 prototype<a href="#cite_note-BMW-16">[13]</a> and test/training<a href="#cite_note-Spring1963-7">[6]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> The Thule site J <a href="/wiki/BMEWS" class="mw-redirect" title="BMEWS">BMEWS</a> station's detection arcs of 200°<a href="#cite_note-52">[47]</a> were a missile warning "fence" created by 4 radars' separate arcs: each AN/FPS-50 created 2 arcs (shown) centered at 3.5° and 7° elevation<a href="#cite_note-BMW-16">[13]</a> (exaggerated in illustration.) Each arc was created by a smaller radar beam ~1° wide x 3.5° high at a "horizontal sweep rate...fast enough that a missile or satellite cannot pass through...undetected".<a href="#cite_note-BMW-16">[13]</a> Concerns in 1962 of "ERBM's (Extended Range Ballistic Missiles)" were that missile speeds after burnout would be higher than the initially-deployed Soviet ICBMs<a href="#cite_note-NORAD1958B-53">[48]</a> and prevent the sweeping "Lower Fan" and then the "Upper Fan" (with "revisit time of 2 sec")<a href="#cite_note-Skolnik-54">[49]</a> from detecting the missiles. A missile within the lower arc (~1.75-5.25° elevation) would be detected at a "Lower Fan Q Point" (black dot) and then by the upper fan (black dot with jagged outline), which allowed the impact area to be estimated from "where the object crossed the two fans and the elapsed time interval between fan crossings"<a href="#cite_note-BMW-16">[13]</a> (displays showed the uncertain impact point as an elliptical area.) The free flight range of the missile outside the atmosphere (burnout to reentry) depends on the flight path angle and on the missile's parametric value of Q calculated from altitude and speed—additional ballistic range within the atmosphere to an estimated burst altitude was determined from computerized look-up tables in the Missile Impact Predictor.<a href="#cite_note-BMW-16">[13]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> (renamed "Missile Warning Operations Center"<a href="#cite_note-61">[55]</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> replaced by an AN/FPS-120 with "two-faced...phased array radar...in 2QFY87."<a href="#cite_note-73">[66]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> The p. 4 command post photo caption does not identify if it is in the Ent blockhouse (1954–1963) or in the <a href="/wiki/Chidlaw_Building" title="Chidlaw Building">Chidlaw Building</a>, where war room operations moved to the NORAD/CONAD Combined Operations Center in 1963. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> 2 of 3 radars were "constantly swinging back and forth in preset arcs to the east and north, looking 4,800 kilometres into space, from just above the horizon to nearly straight overhead".<a href="#cite_note-Sydney-90">[81]</a> Fylingdales radars were replaced by Raytheon/<a href="/wiki/Cossor_AeroSpace" class="mw-redirect" title="Cossor AeroSpace">Cossor AeroSpace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Control_Data_Corporation" title="Control Data Corporation">Control Data Corporation</a>, at a cost of US $100M (3-faced phased array antenna and embedded CDC-Cyber computer)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and later changed to an <a href="/wiki/Upgraded_Early_Warning_Radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Upgraded Early Warning Radar">Upgraded Early Warning Radar</a> by <a href="/wiki/Boeing_Integrated_Defense_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing Integrated Defense Systems">Boeing Integrated Defense Systems</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[82]</a> with 3 faces built August 1989-October 1992.<a href="#cite_note-UK-92">[83]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Raytheon via thefreelibrary.com. September 7, 1994.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Raytheon+wins+Air+Force+Contract+for+Radar+and+Communications+Sites+%28Press+Release%29&rft.date=1994-09-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreelibrary.com%2FRAYTHEON%2BWINS%2BAIR%2BFORCE%2BCONTRACT%2BFOR%2BRADAR%2BAND%2BCOMMUNICATIONS%2BSITES-a015800654&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/systems/sspars.htm">"AN/FPS-120 Solid State Phased-Array System [SSPARS]: Clear Radar Upgrade"</a>. GlobalSecurity.org. 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Historic American Engineering Record. 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HAER+AK-30-A+-+Clear+Air+Force+Station%2C+Ballistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System+Site+II&rft.pub=Historic+American+Engineering+Record&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fpictures%2Fitem%2Fak0486%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DelPapa-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DelPapa_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DelPapa_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DelPapa_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DelPapa_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DelPapa_6-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DelPapa_6-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DelPapa_6-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DelPapa_6-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DelPapa_6-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDel_PapaWarner1987" class="citation report cs1">Del Papa, Dr. E. Michael; Warner, Mary P (October 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a201708.pdf">A Historical Chronology of the Electronic Systems Division 1947–1986</a> (PDF) (Report). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131224105532/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a201708.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved March 8, 2014. <q>7 November [1984] Installation of [SSPARS] radar hardware at Site I, Thule, Greenland, for the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS) was begun.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=A+Historical+Chronology+of+the+Electronic+Systems+Division+1947%E2%80%931986&rft.date=1987-10&rft.aulast=Del+Papa&rft.aufirst=Dr.+E.+Michael&rft.au=Warner%2C+Mary+P&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.dtic.mil%2Fdtic%2Ftr%2Ffulltext%2Fu2%2Fa201708.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spring1963-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spring1963_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spring1963_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spring1963_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spring1963_7-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spring1963_7-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShore1963" class="citation journal cs1">Shore, Bruce (Spring 1963). "the fourth state of matter". Electronics Age. RCA. <q>Several hundred RCA management, technical, and engineering personnel run the 80 control stations that make up <a href="/wiki/White_Alice_Communications_System" title="White Alice Communications System">White Alice</a>, the country's largest over-the-horizon communications system. The stations, mostly on mountaintops, employ two types of antenna – one a 30-foot, disc-shaped structure and the other a 100-ton scoop-shaped unit 60 feet tall. The antennas relay signals from one to the other, sometimes over distances up to 170 miles. … In 1952, Mr. Heller led a group of RCA field engineers to a minor military installation at Cape Canaveral. From this simple beginning, the RCA Service Company became a subcontractor to <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan American Airlines">Pan American</a> for the planning, systems engineering, operation, and maintenance of the vast complex instrumentation systems that constitute the Atlantic Missile Range.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronics+Age&rft.atitle=the+fourth+state+of+matter&rft.ssn=spring&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Shore&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NORAD1958-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NORAD1958_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NORAD1958_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NORAD1958_8-2">c</a> Preface by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuss1958" class="citation report cs1">Buss, L. H. (Director) (October 1, 1958). North American Air Defense Command Historical Summary: January–June 1958 (Report). Directorate of Command History: Office of Information Services.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=North+American+Air+Defense+Command+Historical+Summary%3A+January%E2%80%93June+1958&rft.pub=Directorate+of+Command+History%3A+Office+of+Information+Services&rft.date=1958-10-01&rft.aulast=Buss&rft.aufirst=L.+H.+%28Director%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> NORAD looked at the Zl portion of the BMEWS not only as an integral portion of the system, but as the heart of the entire ballistic missile defense system. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngstrom1984" class="citation book cs1">Engstrom, E.W. (February 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethw.org/w/images/b/b5/100_Years_with_IEEE_in_the_Delaware_Valley_1984,_Part_1.pdf">"The years 1958-1962"</a> (PDF). 100 Years With IEEE In The Delaware Valley, Part 1. Philadelphia Section of IEEE. p. 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+years+1958-1962&rft.btitle=100+Years+With+IEEE+In+The+Delaware+Valley%2C+Part+1&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Philadelphia+Section+of+IEEE&rft.date=1984-02&rft.aulast=Engstrom&rft.aufirst=E.W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fethw.org%2Fw%2Fimages%2Fb%2Fb5%2F100_Years_with_IEEE_in_the_Delaware_Valley_1984%2C_Part_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1300&dat=19600216&id=jX41AAAAIBAJ&pg=5178,2654670">"Big Missile-Warning System Outlay"</a>. The Age. Melbourne. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Associated_Press" title="Australian Associated Press">Australian Associated Press</a>. February 16, 1960.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Big+Missile-Warning+System+Outlay&rft.date=1960-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1300%26dat%3D19600216%26id%3DjX41AAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5178%2C2654670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alaskawingcaf.org/Alaska%20Heritage/June%2025%20-%20July%201.pdf">"Remembering Our Heritage 25 June - 1 July"</a> (PDF). Office of History, Elmendorf AFB via AlaskaWingCAF.org. Retrieved November 5, 2016. <q>...facilities to accommodate the radar came to $62 million. More than 1,100 workers worked on the project. It involved excavating 185,000 cubic yards of dirt and gravel and the pouring of 65,000 yards of concrete. Materials totaled 4,000 tons of structural steel, 2,600 tons of reinforcing steel and 900,000 square feet of fabricated panels.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remembering+Our+Heritage+25+June+-+1+July&rft.pub=Office+of+History%2C+Elmendorf+AFB+via+AlaskaWingCAF.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alaskawingcaf.org%2FAlaska%2520Heritage%2FJune%252025%2520-%2520July%25201.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radomes.org/museum/parsehtml.php?html=BMEWSSite3RAFFylingdalesUKarticle.html&type=doc_html">"FYLINGDALES: Home of the Number One BMEWS Detachment"</a> (image copy at Radomes.org). Q Point. <a href="/wiki/9th_Aerospace_Defense_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Aerospace Defense Division">9th Aerospace Defense Division</a>. August 1967. Retrieved March 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Q+Point&rft.atitle=FYLINGDALES%3A+Home+of+the+Number+One+BMEWS+Detachment&rft.date=1967-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radomes.org%2Fmuseum%2Fparsehtml.php%3Fhtml%3DBMEWSSite3RAFFylingdalesUKarticle.html%26type%3Ddoc_html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-StoneBanner-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StoneBanner_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StoneBanner_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StoneBanner_15-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StoneBanner_15-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StoneBanner_15-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StoneBanner_15-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StoneBanner_15-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StoneBanner_15-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoneBanner" class="citation report cs1">Stone & Banner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512191359/http://www.ll.mit.edu/publications/journal/pdf/vol12_no2/12_2detectsatellitiesplanets.pdf">Radars for the Detection and Tracking of Ballistic Missiles, Satellites, and Planets</a> (PDF) (Report). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ll.mit.edu/publications/journal/pdf/vol12_no2/12_2detectsatellitiesplanets.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on May 12, 2013. Retrieved March 5, 2014. <q>The Millstone radar served as a development model for RCA's AN/FPS-49, AN/FPS-49A, and AN/FPS-92 radars, all of which were used in the BMEWS. Millstone was used to develop a fundamental understanding of several important environmental challenges facing the BMEWS. These challenges included the measurement of UHF propagation effects in the ionosphere, the impact of refraction close to the horizon, the effect of Faraday rotation on polarization, and the impact of backscatter from meteors and the aurora on the detection performance of the radar and its false-alarm rate [15–17]. In the early 1960s, the Millstone radar was converted from a UHF to an L-band system. The Air Force in the 1960s sponsored the development of Haystack, a versatile facility in Tyngsboro, Massachusetts, that supports radar- and radio-astronomy research and the national need for deep-space surveillance.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Radars+for+the+Detection+and+Tracking+of+Ballistic+Missiles%2C+Satellites%2C+and+Planets&rft.au=Stone&rft.au=Banner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ll.mit.edu%2Fpublications%2Fjournal%2Fpdf%2Fvol12_no2%2F12_2detectsatellitiesplanets.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BMW-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BMW_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BMW_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BMW_16-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BMW_16-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BMW_16-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BMW_16-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BMW_16-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BMW_16-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BMW_16-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBateMuellerWhite1971" class="citation book cs1">Bate; Mueller & White (1971) [origyear tbd]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UtJK8cetqGkC&q=fps-92&pg=PA133">Fundamentals of Astronautics</a> (Google books). Courier Corporation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486600611" title="Special:BookSources/9780486600611"><bdi>9780486600611</bdi></a>. Retrieved March 5, 2014. <q>fan-shaped beams, about 1° in width and 3½° in elevation… The horizontal sweep rate is fast enough that a missile or satellite cannot pass through the fans undetected.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+Astronautics&rft.pub=Courier+Corporation&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=9780486600611&rft.au=Bate&rft.au=Mueller&rft.au=White&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUtJK8cetqGkC%26q%3Dfps-92%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/100years/stories/cornfield-cruiser.html">"USS Rancocas: The Cornfield Cruiser"</a>. LockheedMartin.com. Retrieved March 10, 2014. <q>Originally owned by the Air Force, the building was constructed in the 1950s. For years it was an Air Force-operated radar site, operating a ballistic missile early warning system. The warehouse-like gray building was topped by a radome...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USS+Rancocas%3A+The+Cornfield+Cruiser&rft.pub=LockheedMartin.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lockheedmartin.com%2Fus%2F100years%2Fstories%2Fcornfield-cruiser.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Det3-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Det3_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Det3_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140311181204/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/460987.pdf">Scale Model Radar Cross Section Data</a> (PDF) (Report). BLDG 116-20, RCA, Moorestown NJ: Detachment 3, <a href="/wiki/9th_Aerospace_Defense_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Aerospace Defense Division">9th...Division</a>. January 10, 1963. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/460987.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 11, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2014. <q>eventual transfer to a <a href="/wiki/Space_Defense_Center" title="Space Defense Center">Spacetrack Analysis Center</a> at Colorado Springs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Scale+Model+Radar+Cross+Section+Data&rft.place=BLDG+116-20%2C+RCA%2C+Moorestown+NJ&rft.pub=Detachment+3%2C+9th...Division&rft.date=1963-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dtic.mil%2Fdtic%2Ftr%2Ffulltext%2Fu2%2F460987.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_report" title="Template:Cite report">cite report</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlack" class="citation web cs1">Flack, John S. Jr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jsf1.homestead.com/MoorestownGolfBall.html">"Moorestowns Giant Golf Ball"</a> (personal anecdote w/ photos). Personal web page on Homestead.com. Retrieved March 10, 2014. <q>It was taken out of service in December, 1974 and dismantled in early 1976. After this, RCA built a replica of a <a href="/wiki/USS_Rancocas" title="USS Rancocas">US Navy cruiser deckhouse atop the building that the golf ball sat on for testing its Aegis Combat System and for training Navy personnel. The Aegis facility is still located here</a>, operated jointly by Lockheed Martin (which now operates the radar plant) and the Navy.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Moorestowns+Giant+Golf+Ball&rft.pub=Personal+web+page+on+Homestead.com&rft.aulast=Flack&rft.aufirst=John+S.+Jr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjsf1.homestead.com%2FMoorestownGolfBall.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalSecurity-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GlobalSecurity_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GlobalSecurity_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/systems/bmews.htm">"Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS): AN/FPS-50 Detection Radar AN/FPS-92 Tracking Radar"</a>. GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved March 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ballistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System+%28BMEWS%29%3A+AN%2FFPS-50+Detection+Radar+AN%2FFPS-92+Tracking+Radar&rft.pub=GlobalSecurity.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fspace%2Fsystems%2Fbmews.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards1997" class="citation book cs1">Edwards, Paul N. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LkJgQOR4s4oC&pg=PA107">The Closed World: Computers and the Politics of Discourse in Cold War America</a> (Google Books). MIT Press. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780262550284" title="Special:BookSources/9780262550284"><bdi>9780262550284</bdi></a>. <q>SAGE—Air Force project 416L—became the pattern for at least twenty-five other major military command-control systems… These were the so-called "Big L" systems and included 425L, the NORAD system; 438L, the Air Force Intelligence Data Handling System; and 474L, the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS). … Project 465L, the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Automated_Command_and_Control_System" title="Strategic Automated Command and Control System">SAC Control System</a> (SACCS)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Closed+World%3A+Computers+and+the+Politics+of+Discourse+in+Cold+War+America&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780262550284&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Paul+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLkJgQOR4s4oC%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNamara1961" class="citation report cs1">McNamara, Robert (November 3, 1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB43/doc5.pdf">Report to the US Senate Preparedness Investigating Subcommittee on Warning and Detection systems</a> (PDF) (Report). National Archives via nsarchive.gwu.edu. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Report+to+the+US+Senate+Preparedness+Investigating+Subcommittee+on+Warning+and+Detection+systems&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=National+Archives+via+nsarchive.gwu.edu&rft.date=1961-11-03&rft.aulast=McNamara&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnsarchive.gwu.edu%2FNSAEBB%2FNSAEBB43%2Fdoc5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140311181652/http://history.defense.gov/resources/1984_DoD_AR.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.defense.gov/resources/1984_DoD_AR.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 11, 2014. Retrieved March 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.defense.gov%2Fresources%2F1984_DoD_AR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeebles1997" class="citation book cs1">Peebles, Curtis (June 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cMgdYypcPc8C&pg=PA39">High Frontier: The U.S. Air Force and the Military Space Program</a>. DIANE. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780788148002" title="Special:BookSources/9780788148002"><bdi>9780788148002</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=High+Frontier%3A+The+U.S.+Air+Force+and+the+Military+Space+Program&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=DIANE&rft.date=1997-06&rft.isbn=9780788148002&rft.aulast=Peebles&rft.aufirst=Curtis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcMgdYypcPc8C%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chapman-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chapman_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chapman_27-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapman2008" class="citation book cs1">Chapman, Bert (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ae9f-7bV5w4C&q=%22Early+Warning+Radar%22+SSPARS&pg=PA153">Space Warfare and Defense: A Historical Encyclopedia and Research Guide</a> (Google books). Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781598840063" title="Special:BookSources/9781598840063"><bdi>9781598840063</bdi></a>. Retrieved March 13, 2014. <q>BMEWS was replaced by the Solid State Phased Array Radar System (SSPARS) in 2001. ... CINCAD (Command in Chief, Aerospace Defense Command)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Space+Warfare+and+Defense%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia+and+Research+Guide&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781598840063&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=Bert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAe9f-7bV5w4C%26q%3D%2522Early%2BWarning%2BRadar%2522%2BSSPARS%26pg%3DPA153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DoD1960-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DoD1960_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DoD1960_28-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mda.mil/global/documents/pdf/1960%20BMD%20extract.pdf">"Annual Report of the Secretary of Defense, The Armed Forces, pp. 14-15 ("Continental Air Defense" section)"</a> (MDA.mil excerpt). Department of Defense Annual Report (Report). 1960. Retrieved March 6, 2014. <q>The imminent shift in the air threat to our security from aircraft alone to ballistic missiles and aircraft led to [require] a reduction in the programs for the <a href="/wiki/BOMARC" class="mw-redirect" title="BOMARC">BOMARC</a> missile and <a href="/wiki/Super_Combat_Center" title="Super Combat Center">the hardened "supercombat" centers</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Semi-Automatic_Ground_Environment" title="Semi-Automatic Ground Environment">Semi-Automatic Ground Environment</a> (SAGE) system, and an acceleration in the modernization of the fighter interceptor forces and in the construction of the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS) [with] three widely dispersed, long-range radar stations, a central computer and display facility in the United States, and a communications network to link the separate elements.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Department+of+Defense+Annual+Report&rft.date=1960&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mda.mil%2Fglobal%2Fdocuments%2Fpdf%2F1960%2520BMD%2520extract.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFay1960" class="citation news cs1">Fay, Elton C. (May 18, 1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19600518&id=wv5VAAAAIBAJ&pg=6863,3516938">"Radar Net Nearing Completion"</a>. Register-Guard. Eugene, Oregon. AP.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Register-Guard&rft.atitle=Radar+Net+Nearing+Completion&rft.date=1960-05-18&rft.aulast=Fay&rft.aufirst=Elton+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1310%26dat%3D19600518%26id%3Dwv5VAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6863%2C3516938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radomes.org/museum/equip/fps-50.html">"FPS-50"</a>. radomes.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FPS-50&rft.pub=radomes.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radomes.org%2Fmuseum%2Fequip%2Ffps-50.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radomes.org/museum/equip/fps-49.html">"AN/FPS-49, 49A"</a>. radomes.org. Retrieved March 5, 2014. <q>The prototype unit operated at Moorestown, New Jersey</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AN%2FFPS-49%2C+49A&rft.pub=radomes.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radomes.org%2Fmuseum%2Fequip%2Ffps-49.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=19610104&id=iuEpAAAAIBAJ&pg=4813,1400514">"Thule's Electronic Sentinel"</a> (Google news archive). <a href="/wiki/The_Milwaukee_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Milwaukee Journal">The Milwaukee Journal</a>. January 4, 1961. Retrieved March 9, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Milwaukee+Journal&rft.atitle=Thule%27s+Electronic+Sentinel&rft.date=1961-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1499%26dat%3D19610104%26id%3DiuEpAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4813%2C1400514&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radomes.org/museum/equip/fps-92.html">"FPS-92"</a>. Retrieved June 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FPS-92&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radomes.org%2Fmuseum%2Fequip%2Ffps-92.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140311180836/http://radar.tpub.com/TM-11-487C-1/TM-11-487C-10192.htm">"MONITORING SET, RADAR - continued - TM-11-487C-10192"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radar.tpub.com/TM-11-487C-1/TM-11-487C-10192.htm">the original</a> on March 11, 2014. Retrieved March 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MONITORING+SET%2C+RADAR+-+continued+-+TM-11-487C-10192&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fradar.tpub.com%2FTM-11-487C-1%2FTM-11-487C-10192.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140311153237/https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/coldwarcomms/conversations/topics/15618?var=1&p=5">"Cold War Comms Group forum"</a>. groups.yahoo.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/coldwarcomms/conversations/topics/15618?var=1&p=5">the original</a> on March 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=groups.yahoo.com&rft.atitle=Cold+War+Comms+Group+forum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.yahoo.com%2Fneo%2Fgroups%2Fcoldwarcomms%2Fconversations%2Ftopics%2F15618%3Fvar%3D1%26p%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberatedmanuals.com/TM-11-487C-1.pdf">title tbd</a> (PDF) (Report). Retrieved March 7, 2014. <q>Missile Impact Predictor Set AN/FSQ-28 accepts output of Radar Set AN/FPS-19 or AN/FPS-19A and Radar Set AN/FPS-50(V) to determine the trajectory of space objects and predicts the point of impact. Furnishes designation data to tracking Radar for enhancing target data accuracy. The AN/FSQ-28 is a duplex, general purpose computer (IBM-709-TX with real-time terminal and control equipment added).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=title+tbd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberatedmanuals.com%2FTM-11-487C-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140311193115/https://www.esrc.ac.uk/my-esrc/grants/R000238555/outputs/Download/623cc844-6b4d-4d58-a0da-2ef70b6cc202">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esrc.ac.uk/my-esrc/grants/R000238555/outputs/Download/623cc844-6b4d-4d58-a0da-2ef70b6cc202">the original</a> on March 11, 2014. Retrieved March 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esrc.ac.uk%2Fmy-esrc%2Fgrants%2FR000238555%2Foutputs%2FDownload%2F623cc844-6b4d-4d58-a0da-2ef70b6cc202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) the USA and UK agreed to be separately responsible for their own rearward data handling systems.’ [46] The UK systems were to meet Air Staff Requirement 2208 and called for ‘display of processed IRBM data at the Air Defence Operations Centre (ADOC), the Bomber Command Operations Centre (BCOC), the Air Ministry Operations Centre and, for standby purposes, at the Air Defence Main Control Centre and Headquarters No. 1 Group. The processed data will also be passed to NORAD over the USA rearward data handling system and this system </li> <li id="cite_note-Gandy-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gandy_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gandy_38-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGandy2012" class="citation book cs1">Gandy, A. (November 30, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=viDGg4_NvPQC&pg=PA48">The Early Computer Industry: Limitations of Scale and Scope</a>. Springer. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780230389113" title="Special:BookSources/9780230389113"><bdi>9780230389113</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Computer+Industry%3A+Limitations+of+Scale+and+Scope&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012-11-30&rft.isbn=9780230389113&rft.aulast=Gandy&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DviDGg4_NvPQC%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moora-39"><a href="#cite_ref-Moora_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoora1960" class="citation journal cs1">Moora, Robert L (Autumn 1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Age/ElectronicAge-1960-Autumn.pdf">"BMEWS Takes Shape…On Schedule: Greenland radar site begins early warning operations…"</a> (PDF). Electronic Age. Retrieved March 6, 2014. <q>a "data takeoff" computer translates the visual image into digital form, calculating distance, range, angle of flight, speed and direction. In split seconds, this data is on its way to a high-speed "missile impact predictor" computer. … prime system contractor is the Radio Corporation of America, with headquarters at the Missile and Surface Radar Division, Moorestown… Principal subcontractors to RCA include General Electric Company…</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Age&rft.atitle=BMEWS+Takes+Shape%E2%80%A6On+Schedule%3A+Greenland+radar+site+begins+early+warning+operations%E2%80%A6&rft.ssn=fall&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Moora&rft.aufirst=Robert+L&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Radio-Age%2FElectronicAge-1960-Autumn.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alternatewars.com/WW3/WW3_Documents/Fortifications/ABMWSP_Summary_23_Apr_1960.htm">"ABMWSP Summary - 23 Apr 1960"</a>. alternatewars.com World War III wargame alternative reality website. <q>Progress is satisfactory on the establishment of rearward communications from the forward sites to the Zone of the Interior display facilities at Colorado Springs, Colorado. On 1 December, through communication was established between the switchboard at Thule and the BMEWS Project Office in New York City. This tie line, together with a similar one between Thule and Westover Air Force Base, Massachusetts, represents the first use to be made of the submarine cable completed this last summer between Thule and Cape Dyer.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ABMWSP+Summary+-+23+Apr+1960&rft.pub=alternatewars.com+World+War+III+wargame+alternative+reality+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alternatewars.com%2FWW3%2FWW3_Documents%2FFortifications%2FABMWSP_Summary_23_Apr_1960.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlsson1969" class="citation report cs1">Olsson, Tom (October 31, 1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://claytwhitehead.com/ctwlibrary/Box%20018/001_Telecommunications%20(Domestic%20Satellite)%20October-December%201969%20(2%20of%203%20folders).pdf">Report of the Economic Committee on Domestic Satellites</a> (PDF) (Report). US Office of Telecommunications Management via claywhitehead.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Economic+Committee+on+Domestic+Satellites&rft.pub=US+Office+of+Telecommunications+Management+via+claywhitehead.com&rft.date=1969-10-31&rft.aulast=Olsson&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclaytwhitehead.com%2Fctwlibrary%2FBox%2520018%2F001_Telecommunications%2520%28Domestic%2520Satellite%29%2520October-December%25201969%2520%282%2520of%25203%2520folders%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mitchell-42"><a href="#cite_ref-Mitchell_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell" class="citation web cs1">Mitchell, Walt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140311182756/http://67.69.104.76:84/Pinetreeline/misc/other/misc3i.html">"Memories of Troposcatter at Resolution Island"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c-and-e-museum.org/Pinetreeline/misc/other/misc3i.html">the original</a> on March 11, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2014. <q>he BMEWS Rearward link came from Thule to Dye to <a href="/wiki/Brevoort_Island" title="Brevoort Island">ResX1</a> to ResX on Resolution and then on to Goose Bay. I suspect that was the link maintained by Canadian Marconi under contract in the 1961 to 1974 period.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Memories+of+Troposcatter+at+Resolution+Island&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Walt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-and-e-museum.org%2FPinetreeline%2Fmisc%2Fother%2Fmisc3i.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140311182919/http://archive-ca.com/ca/l/lswilson.ca/2013-04-28_1957995_7/DEW_Line_POL_Facilities/">"DEWDROP Troposheric Scatter AM Communications Link between Thule BMEWS and Cape Dyer"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive-ca.com/ca/l/lswilson.ca/2013-04-28_1957995_7/DEW_Line_POL_Facilities/">the original</a> on March 11, 2014. Retrieved March 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DEWDROP+Troposheric+Scatter+AM+Communications+Link+between+Thule+BMEWS+and+Cape+Dyer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive-ca.com%2Fca%2Fl%2Flswilson.ca%2F2013-04-28_1957995_7%2FDEW_Line_POL_Facilities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBubb" class="citation web cs1">Bubb, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140311153219/http://www.members.shaw.ca/johnbubb/index_files/bmews.htm">"Tropospheric Scatter Communications Site Saglek Labrador Canada Circa 1969/70"</a>. Personal Webpage at members.shaw.ca. 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Retrieved June 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1962+NORAD%2FCONAD+Historical+Summary%2C+July-December&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northcom.mil%2FPortals%2F28%2FDocuments%2FSupporting%2520documents%2F%28U%29%25201962%2520NORAD%2520CONAD%2520History%2520Jul-Dec.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/nukevault/ebb304/film03.htm">SAC Command Post, Reel 2</a>. National Archives Motion Pictures Unit, Record Group 342 via nsarchive.gwu.edu. Retrieved March 10, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAC+Command+Post%2C+Reel+2&rft.pub=National+Archives+Motion+Pictures+Unit%2C+Record+Group+342+via+nsarchive.gwu.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnsarchive.gwu.edu%2Fnukevault%2Febb304%2Ffilm03.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ellensburg-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ellensburg_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ellensburg_47-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ellensburg_47-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ellensburg_47-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=860&dat=19610619&id=PG5OAAAAIBAJ&pg=6197,6117601">"Watchful eye of BMEWS turns toward Soviets"</a> (Google news archive). Ellensburg Daily Record. June 18, 1961. Retrieved March 9, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ellensburg+Daily+Record&rft.atitle=Watchful+eye+of+BMEWS+turns+toward+Soviets&rft.date=1961-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D860%26dat%3D19610619%26id%3DPG5OAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6197%2C6117601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120702231735/http://www.vintchip.com/MAINFRAME/RCA501/RCA501.html">"RCA501"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vintchip.com/mainframe/RCA501/RCA501.html">the original</a> on July 2, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RCA501&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vintchip.com%2Fmainframe%2FRCA501%2FRCA501.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GAO1978-49"><a href="#cite_ref-GAO1978_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gao.gov/assets/130/123974.pdf">"NORAD's Information Processing Improvement Program: Will It Enhance Mission Capability?"</a> (Report to Congress). Comptroller General. September 21, 1978. Retrieved January 24, 2013. <q>The 496L Spacetrack system uses a Philco 212 computer as its primary processor. … The off-line utility processors are two Philco 1000 computers which can also serve as backup processors for the 496L system and the Automatic Digital Relay Switch, if necessary. … The NCS segment will replace the <a href="/wiki/Burroughs_Corporation" title="Burroughs Corporation">Burroughs</a> 425L Command and Control system including the Univac 1218s, the 425L Back-up system, the Command Center Processing system, and the Display Information Processor.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NORAD%27s+Information+Processing+Improvement+Program%3A+Will+It+Enhance+Mission+Capability%3F&rft.pub=Comptroller+General&rft.date=1978-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gao.gov%2Fassets%2F130%2F123974.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EWRS2013-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EWRS2013_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EWRS2013_50-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvionics_Department2013" class="citation book cs1">Avionics Department (2013). "Missile and Electronic Equipment Designations". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA617071.pdf">Electronic Warfare and Radar Systems Engineering Handbook</a> (PDF) (4 ed.). Point Mugu, California: Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division. p. 2-8.1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Missile+and+Electronic+Equipment+Designations&rft.btitle=Electronic+Warfare+and+Radar+Systems+Engineering+Handbook&rft.place=Point+Mugu%2C+California&rft.pages=2-8.1&rft.edition=4&rft.pub=Naval+Air+Warfare+Center+Weapons+Division&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Avionics+Department&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.dtic.mil%2Fsti%2Ftr%2Fpdf%2FADA617071.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winkler1997-51"><a href="#cite_ref-Winkler1997_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinkler1997" class="citation book cs1">Winkler, David F. (1997). "Radar Systems Classification Methods". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nuke.fas.org/guide/usa/airdef/1997-06-01955.pdf">Searching the Skies: The Legacy of the United States Cold War Defense Radar Program</a> (PDF). Langley AFB, Virginia: United States Air Force Headquarters Air Combat Command. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/97020912">97020912</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Radar+Systems+Classification+Methods&rft.btitle=Searching+the+Skies%3A+The+Legacy+of+the+United+States+Cold+War+Defense+Radar+Program&rft.place=Langley+AFB%2C+Virginia&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=United+States+Air+Force+Headquarters+Air+Combat+Command&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F97020912&rft.aulast=Winkler&rft.aufirst=David+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnuke.fas.org%2Fguide%2Fusa%2Fairdef%2F1997-06-01955.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanley1987" class="citation news cs1">Hanley, Charles J (August 17, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1454&dat=19870817&id=X0lOAAAAIBAJ&pg=6837,867926">"Soviets, Eskimos protest Thule radar"</a> (Google news archive). Morning Star. Wilmington, North Carolina. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Retrieved March 9, 2014. <q>The radar, a Phased Array Warning System…can "see" 3,200 miles, 200 miles farther than the old system, and has a 240-degree arc…40 degrees more than the old.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Morning+Star&rft.atitle=Soviets%2C+Eskimos+protest+Thule+radar&rft.date=1987-08-17&rft.aulast=Hanley&rft.aufirst=Charles+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1454%26dat%3D19870817%26id%3DX0lOAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6837%2C867926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NORAD1958B-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NORAD1958B_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NORAD1958B_53-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NORAD1958B_53-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NORAD1958B_53-3">d</a> Preface by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuss1959" class="citation report cs1">Buss, L. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol8no4/html/v08i4a05p_0001.htm">the original</a> on March 12, 2008. Retrieved March 10, 2014. <q>Data on target missiles or satellites are recorded in each radar channel by photographing a five-inch intensity-modulated oscilloscope with the camera shutter open on a 35-mm film moving approximately five inches per minute. ... The <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Technology_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Technology Division">FTD</a> Oscar equipment consists of a film reader which gives time and range data in analog form, a converter unit that changes them to digital form, and an IBM printing card punch that receives the digital data. The Oscar equipment and human operator thus generate a deck of IBM cards for...each target's position through time.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Diyarbakir+Radar&rft.date=1996-07-02&rft.aulast=Zabetakis&rft.aufirst=Stanley+G&rft.au=Peterson%2C+John+F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fcenter-for-the-study-of-intelligence%2Fkent-csi%2Fvol8no4%2Fhtml%2Fv08i4a05p_0001.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nukevault/ebb304/film02.htm">Development of the Soviet Ballistic Missile Threat</a> (George Washington University video). USAF Aerospace Audio Visual Service. 1960. 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Air Force History Index. Retrieved June 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Air+Force+History+Index&rft.atitle=Document+Detail+for+IRISNUM%3D+01073102&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fairforcehistoryindex.org%2Fdata%2F001%2F073%2F102.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globalsecurity.org/space/facility/clear-mwoc.htm">"Clear AFS"</a>. www.globalsecurity.org. 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Retrieved March 5, 2014. <q>14 Jan 58 -- United States announced decision to establish a Ballistic Missile Early Warning System</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NORAD+Selected+Chronology&rft.pub=Federation+of+American+Scientists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fnuke%2Fguide%2Fusa%2Fairdef%2Fnorad-chron.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> (list also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norad.mil/about/NORAD%20History_ENGLISH.pdf">at NORAD.mil</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120915120606/http://www.norad.mil/about/NORAD%20History_ENGLISH.pdf">Archived</a> September 15, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> & <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KVzNqkRgSPsC&dq=spadats+bmews&pg=PA10">in 2008 book</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wainstein-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wainstein_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wainstein_64-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWainstein" class="citation report cs1">Wainstein; et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a331702.pdf">Evolution of Command and Control…</a> (PDF) (Report). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140311182410/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a331702.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on March 11, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Evolution+of+Command+and+Control%E2%80%A6&rft.au=Wainstein&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.dtic.mil%2Fdtic%2Ftr%2Ffulltext%2Fu2%2Fa331702.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDinneenLebowReed1958" class="citation book cs1">Dinneen, G. P.; Lebow, I. L.; Reed, I. S. (December 3, 1958). "The logical design of CG24". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1458064">Papers and discussions presented at the December 3-5, 1958, eastern joint computer conference: Modern computers: Objectives, designs, applications on XX - AIEE-ACM-IRE '58 (Eastern)</a>. pp. 91–94. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F1458043.1458064">10.1145/1458043.1458064</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781450378666" title="Special:BookSources/9781450378666"><bdi>9781450378666</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:17821721">17821721</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+logical+design+of+CG24&rft.btitle=Papers+and+discussions+presented+at+the+December+3-5%2C+1958%2C+eastern+joint+computer+conference%3A+Modern+computers%3A+Objectives%2C+designs%2C+applications+on+XX+-+AIEE-ACM-IRE+%2758+%28Eastern%29&rft.pages=91-94&rft.date=1958-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A17821721%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F1458043.1458064&rft.isbn=9781450378666&rft.aulast=Dinneen&rft.aufirst=G.+P.&rft.au=Lebow%2C+I.+L.&rft.au=Reed%2C+I.+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdl.acm.org%2Fcitation.cfm%3Fid%3D1458064&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siloworld.net/MISSILE%20%20LAUNCHES/CAPE/Launches/atlas__b.htm">"ATLAS B"</a>. Retrieved June 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ATLAS+B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siloworld.net%2FMISSILE%2520%2520LAUNCHES%2FCAPE%2FLaunches%2Fatlas__b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140311181855/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/265165.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20140311181855/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/265165.pdf</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/265165.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 11, 2014. Retrieved June 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dtic.mil%2Fdtic%2Ftr%2Ffulltext%2Fu2%2F265165.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1">NORAD BMEWS and AICBM System Display (Report). June 30, 1958.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=NORAD+BMEWS+and+AICBM+System+Display&rft.date=1958-06-30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> (cited by 1958 NORAD/CONAD Historical Summary, Jan-Jun) </li> <li id="cite_note-NORAD1959-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NORAD1959_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NORAD1959_69-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NORAD1959_69-2">c</a> Preface by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuss1959" class="citation report cs1">Buss, L. H. (Director) (November 1, 1959). North American Air Defense Command and Continental Air Defense Command Historical Summary: January–June 1959 (Report). Directorate of Command History: Office of Information Services. pp. 92, 94.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=North+American+Air+Defense+Command+and+Continental+Air+Defense+Command+Historical+Summary%3A+January%E2%80%93June+1959&rft.pages=92%2C+94&rft.pub=Directorate+of+Command+History%3A+Office+of+Information+Services&rft.date=1959-11-01&rft.aulast=Buss&rft.aufirst=L.+H.+%28Director%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogers-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rogers_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rogers_70-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers1960" class="citation news cs1">Rogers, Warren Jr. (June 2, 1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1817&dat=19600602&id=N_QhAAAAIBAJ&pg=7199,137041">"Summit Failure Speeds Up Development of BMEWS"</a>. Herald Tribune News Service. Retrieved March 9, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Summit+Failure+Speeds+Up+Development+of+BMEWS&rft.date=1960-06-02&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Warren+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1817%26dat%3D19600602%26id%3DN_QhAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D7199%2C137041&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuolo1993" class="citation book cs1">Muolo (December 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121212022106/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/au-18/au180001.htm">Space Handbook</a>. Air University Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/au-18/au180001.htm">the original</a> (manual) on December 12, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Space+Handbook&rft.pub=Air+University+Press&rft.date=1993-12&rft.au=Muolo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.au.af.mil%2Fau%2Fawc%2Fawcgate%2Fau-18%2Fau180001.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ARDC-72"><a href="#cite_ref-ARDC_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1">title <a href="/wiki/To_be_determined" class="mw-redirect" title="To be determined">tbd</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Air_Research_and_Development_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Research and Development Command">Air Research and Development Command</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=title+tbd&rft.pub=Air+Research+and+Development+Command&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> (cited by Schaffel, p. 262) </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20001217182500/http://fas.org/spp/military/program/nssrm/initiatives/clearu.htm">"Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS) at Clear"</a>. July 12, 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/spp/military/program/nssrm/initiatives/clearu.htm">the original</a> on December 17, 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ballistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System+%28BMEWS%29+at+Clear&rft.date=1999-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fspp%2Fmilitary%2Fprogram%2Fnssrm%2Finitiatives%2Fclearu.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1906&dat=19600518&id=qckfAAAAIBAJ&pg=1035,684283">"Big Rocket Detector Is Set for Operation"</a> (Google news archive). The Fort Scott Tribune. May 18, 1960. Retrieved March 9, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Fort+Scott+Tribune&rft.atitle=Big+Rocket+Detector+Is+Set+for+Operation&rft.date=1960-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1906%26dat%3D19600518%26id%3DqckfAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1035%2C684283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19600516&id=kTRWAAAAIBAJ&pg=5560,227676">"Electronic Sky Watch is Nearing"</a>. The Spokesman-Review. Spokane, Washington. AP. May 16, 1960. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Spokesman-Review&rft.atitle=Electronic+Sky+Watch+is+Nearing&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1960-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1314%26dat%3D19600516%26id%3DkTRWAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5560%2C227676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newburgh-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Newburgh_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newburgh_77-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newburgh_77-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1982&dat=19640619&id=4uVGAAAAIBAJ&pg=744,2767457">"Ballistic Warning Is Aim of BMEWS"</a> (Google news archive). The Evening News. <a href="/wiki/Newburgh,_New_York" title="Newburgh, New York">Newburgh, New York</a>. June 19, 1964. Retrieved March 9, 2014. <q>high-speed scanning switches and a massive array of feedhorns… <a href="/wiki/Federal_Signal_Corporation" title="Federal Signal Corporation">Federal Electric Corp.</a>, Paramus, N.J., is the prime contractor for manning and maintaining the Thule BMEWS site.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Evening+News&rft.atitle=Ballistic+Warning+Is+Aim+of+BMEWS&rft.date=1964-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1982%26dat%3D19640619%26id%3D4uVGAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D744%2C2767457&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pearson-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson_78-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearson1961" class="citation news cs1">Pearson, Drew (May 16, 1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1964&dat=19610516&id=0fIiAAAAIBAJ&pg=3024,2959829">"A Day In The War Room At NORAD"</a> (Google news archive). The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved March 9, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Palm+Beach+Post&rft.atitle=A+Day+In+The+War+Room+At+NORAD&rft.date=1961-05-16&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=Drew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1964%26dat%3D19610516%26id%3D0fIiAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3024%2C2959829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSampson2010" class="citation web cs1">Sampson, Curt (January 25, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taihendaro.cynic.net/2010/01/moon-as-soviet-missle-attack.html">"The Moon as a Soviet Missile Attack"</a>. Retrieved March 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Moon+as+a+Soviet+Missile+Attack&rft.date=2010-01-25&rft.aulast=Sampson&rft.aufirst=Curt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftaihendaro.cynic.net%2F2010%2F01%2Fmoon-as-soviet-missle-attack.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gazette.com/article/123954">"AT&T caused NORAD blackout"</a>. EVER WONDER?. <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado Springs Gazette">Colorado Springs Gazette</a>. August 26, 2011. Retrieved March 10, 2014. <q>an engineer we'll call "Q" didn't follow instructions "for routining a TD2 transmitter and receiver." He enclosed diagrams showing what went wrong. There was no "500A termination on the Channel Dropping Network when he was running the Radio Frequency (RF) Sweep Generator to adjust the equipment." That generator leaked RF into the Channel Separating Filter "interfering with all the other transmitters in the Black Forest Microwave Station, causing a complete failure of all channels going to Ent. SAC scrambled all aircraft. Later SAC billed AT&T for all the fuel used."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=AT%26T+caused+NORAD+blackout&rft.date=2011-08-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgazette.com%2Farticle%2F123954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilips" class="citation web cs1">Philips, Alan F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200510120308/http://nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-weapons/issues/accidents/20-mishaps-maybe-caused-nuclear-war.htm">"20 Mishaps That Might Have Started Accidental Nuclear War"</a>. NuclearFiles.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-weapons/issues/accidents/20-mishaps-maybe-caused-nuclear-war.htm">the original</a> on May 10, 2020. Retrieved March 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=20+Mishaps+That+Might+Have+Started+Accidental+Nuclear+War&rft.pub=NuclearFiles.org&rft.aulast=Philips&rft.aufirst=Alan+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nuclearfiles.org%2Fmenu%2Fkey-issues%2Fnuclear-weapons%2Fissues%2Faccidents%2F20-mishaps-maybe-caused-nuclear-war.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcManus1996" class="citation web cs1">McManus, Gene (September 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090114115952/http://www.bwcinet.com/thule/1intro.htm">"BMEWS – 51- Full Days"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bwcinet.com/thule/1intro.htm">the original</a> on January 14, 2009. Retrieved March 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BMEWS+%E2%80%93+51-+Full+Days&rft.date=1996-09&rft.aulast=McManus&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bwcinet.com%2Fthule%2F1intro.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mueller-83">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mueller_83-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mueller_83-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mueller_83-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mueller_83-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMueller1989" class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Mueller, Robert (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.defense.gov/2010/Sep/21/2001330255/-1/-1/0/AFD-100921-026.pdf">Air Force Bases</a> (PDF) (Report). Vol. I: Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982. Office of Air Force History. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-912799-53-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-912799-53-6"><bdi>0-912799-53-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Air+Force+Bases&rft.pub=Office+of+Air+Force+History&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-912799-53-6&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.defense.gov%2F2010%2FSep%2F21%2F2001330255%2F-1%2F-1%2F0%2FAFD-100921-026.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_ERlAAAAIBAJ&pg=4226%2C3522073">"NORAD Center Located At Colorado Springs Site"</a> (Google news archive). The Othello Outlook. November 26, 1964. p. 3. Retrieved March 9, 2014. <q>COMMAND POST – The main battle staff position in the Combat Operations Center (COC)...fronts a display area which allows observers to see the positions of airborne objects thousands of miles away.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Othello+Outlook&rft.atitle=NORAD+Center+Located+At+Colorado+Springs+Site&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1964-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D_ERlAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4226%252C3522073&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">full citation needed</a>]1961–1969 Historical reports from the Squadron on file at the Air Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwell AFB AL, AFHRA Microfilm reel KO363 </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=336&dat=19611222&id=NWUvAAAAIBAJ&pg=6861,5107035">"Captain Faces Secrets Count"</a>. The Deseret News. HTNS. December 22, 1961. p. A3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Deseret+News&rft.atitle=Captain+Faces+Secrets+Count&rft.pages=A3&rft.date=1961-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D336%26dat%3D19611222%26id%3DNWUvAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6861%2C5107035&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Of current interest: Surveillance radar subsystem for Air Force's BMEWS, Site 1". Electrical Engineering. 79 (5): 430–431. 1960. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FEE.1960.6432626">10.1109/EE.1960.6432626</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electrical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Of+current+interest%3A+Surveillance+radar+subsystem+for+Air+Force%27s+BMEWS%2C+Site+1&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=430-431&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FEE.1960.6432626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strain-89"><a href="#cite_ref-Strain_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA250435.pdf">Forty Years of Research and Development at Griffis Air Force Base: June 1951-June 1991</a> (PDF) (Report). Rome Laboratory. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130408131948/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA250435">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2013. Retrieved March 10, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Forty+Years+of+Research+and+Development+at+Griffis+Air+Force+Base%3A+June+1951-June+1991&rft.pub=Rome+Laboratory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.dtic.mil%2Fsti%2Fpdfs%2FADA250435.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sydney-90"><a href="#cite_ref-Sydney_90-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1301&dat=19880615&id=q3NWAAAAIBAJ&pg=5477,3917703">"Soviets scan British radar improvements"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. June 15, 1988. p. 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Soviets+scan+British+radar+improvements&rft.pages=18&rft.date=1988-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1301%26dat%3D19880615%26id%3Dq3NWAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5477%2C3917703&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140311182300/http://www.raytheon.co.uk/ourcompany/facilities/fylingdales/index.html">"Fylingdales"</a>. Raytheon.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raytheon.co.uk/ourcompany/facilities/fylingdales/index.html">the original</a> on March 11, 2014. Retrieved March 8, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fylingdales&rft.pub=Raytheon.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raytheon.co.uk%2Fourcompany%2Ffacilities%2Ffylingdales%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UK-92"><a href="#cite_ref-UK_92-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStocker2004" class="citation book cs1">Stocker, Jeremy (2004). Gray, Colin S.; Murray, Williamson (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sobchak.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/britain-and-ballistic-missile-1942-2002.pdf">Britain and Ballistic Missile Defence 1942–2002</a> (PDF). Frank Cass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-203-30963-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-203-30963-4"><bdi>0-203-30963-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1473-6403">1473-6403</a>. Retrieved March 9, 2014. <q>in March 1963 an Air Ministry review of ABM systems said of MIDAS that 'performance to date has been disappointing'.78 … A teletype circuit was established between NORAD and the ADOC in Britain to pass information derived from Site 1 at Thule.95 This was supplemented by a voice circuit with agreed formatted messages, and both were operational by October 1960. … AN/FPS-49 Range resolution 240 nm Maximum range 2,650 nm Minimum target at 1,650 m 2.8 m2 Impact accuracy North America 135 nm</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+and+Ballistic+Missile+Defence+1942%E2%80%932002&rft.pub=Frank+Cass&rft.date=2004&rft.issn=1473-6403&rft.isbn=0-203-30963-4&rft.aulast=Stocker&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsobchak.files.wordpress.com%2F2009%2F02%2Fbritain-and-ballistic-missile-1942-2002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1051&dat=19641126&id=_ERlAAAAIBAJ&pg=4317,3542112">"Early Warning System has Important Role in NORAD"</a>. The Othello Outlook. Othello, Washington. November 26, 1964. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Othello+Outlook&rft.atitle=Early+Warning+System+has+Important+Role+in+NORAD&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1964-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1051%26dat%3D19641126%26id%3D_ERlAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4317%2C3542112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1983" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, B.C.F. (January 1, 1983). A History - Royal Air Force Fylingdales. Royal Air Force Flyingdales (January 1, 1983). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0950852104" title="Special:BookSources/0950852104"><bdi>0950852104</bdi></a>. <q>[plaque in the Tactical Operations Room] This plaque commemorates the commissioning of Royal Air Force Fylingdales as Site III of the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System on 17 September 1963. This site is a joint enterprise of the United States of America and Great Britain for the protection of both the North American Continent and the United Kingdom.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+-+Royal+Air+Force+Fylingdales&rft.pub=Royal+Air+Force+Flyingdales+%28January+1%2C+1983%29&rft.date=1983-01-01&rft.isbn=0950852104&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=B.C.F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19620329&id=VJAuAAAAIBAJ&pg=2794,715597">Radome is maze of wires, girders</a>. March 29, 1962. p. 17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radome+is+maze+of+wires%2C+girders&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1962-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1955%26dat%3D19620329%26id%3DVJAuAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2794%2C715597&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|newspaper=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2512&dat=19660708&id=ZadIAAAAIBAJ&pg=1025,753004">"Electronic Eye Scans Eurasian Air Space"</a>. The Morning Record. AP. July 8, 1966. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Morning+Record&rft.atitle=Electronic+Eye+Scans+Eurasian+Air+Space&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1966-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D2512%26dat%3D19660708%26id%3DZadIAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1025%2C753004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1876&dat=19660708&id=J4MsAAAAIBAJ&pg=5982,1160625">"Electronic Eye Watches For Sneak Missile Attack"</a> (Google news archive). Herald-Journal. July 8, 1966. Retrieved March 9, 2014. <q>rotating 84-foot parabolic radar dish antenna…weighing 185 tons, can detect and track a 16-inch piece of wire 1-32nd of an inch in diameter, at a distance of 2,500 miles… The electronic dishes, each costing $19 million…</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Herald-Journal&rft.atitle=Electronic+Eye+Watches+For+Sneak+Missile+Attack&rft.date=1966-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1876%26dat%3D19660708%26id%3DJ4MsAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5982%2C1160625&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-USGDP-99"><a href="#cite_ref-inflation-USGDP_99-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnstonWilliamson2023" class="citation web cs1">Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.measuringworth.com/datasets/usgdp/">"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MeasuringWorth" title="MeasuringWorth">MeasuringWorth</a>. Retrieved November 30, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MeasuringWorth&rft.atitle=What+Was+the+U.S.+GDP+Then%3F&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft.au=Williamson%2C+Samuel+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.measuringworth.com%2Fdatasets%2Fusgdp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> United States <a href="/wiki/Gross_Domestic_Product_deflator" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross Domestic Product deflator">Gross Domestic Product deflator</a> figures follow the MeasuringWorth series. </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161106063221/https://higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com/AFA/63e0124a-9fef-4973-95ab-b18225a8c855/UploadedImages/Officers%20and%20Directors/OAY_Program/OAY_History.pdf">"Outstanding Airman of the Year History"</a> (PDF). Unknown source via higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com/AFA/63e0124a-9fef-4973-95ab-b18225a8c855/UploadedImages/Officers%20and%20Directors/OAY_Program/OAY_History.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on November 6, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Outstanding+Airman+of+the+Year+History&rft.pub=Unknown+source+via+higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhigherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com%2FAFA%2F63e0124a-9fef-4973-95ab-b18225a8c855%2FUploadedImages%2FOfficers%2520and%2520Directors%2FOAY_Program%2FOAY_History.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>][<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Synthesis_of_published_material" title="Wikipedia:No original research">improper synthesis?</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlesinger1975" class="citation report cs1">Schlesinger, James R. (February 5, 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111127001505/http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/logistics_material_readiness/acq_bud_fin/244.pdf">Report of the Secretary of Defense to the Congress on the FY 1976 and Transition Budgets...</a> (PDF) (Report). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/logistics_material_readiness/acq_bud_fin/244.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on November 27, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Secretary+of+Defense+to+the+Congress+on+the+FY+1976+and+Transition+Budgets...&rft.date=1975-02-05&rft.aulast=Schlesinger&rft.aufirst=James+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dod.mil%2Fpubs%2Ffoi%2Flogistics_material_readiness%2Facq_bud_fin%2F244.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140311193031/http://209.212.22.88/DATA/RBR/1970-1979/1975/1975.08.20.pdf">"Electronic Technicians BMEWS"</a> (PDF). p. 27. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://209.212.22.88/DATA/RBR/1970-1979/1975/1975.08.20.pdf">the original</a> (job advertisement) on March 11, 2014. Retrieved March 6, 2014. <q>FELEC Services…a subsidiary of Federal Electric…newly awarded contract at Thule…IBM 360-7090 and 7094; CDC 6000; Honeywell 800</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Electronic+Technicians+BMEWS&rft.pages=27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F209.212.22.88%2FDATA%2FRBR%2F1970-1979%2F1975%2F1975.08.20.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson-103"><a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_103-0">^</a> compiled by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1980" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Mildred W (December 31, 1980) [Feb 1973 original by Cornett, Lloyd H. Jr]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061123115752/http://www.usafpatches.com/pubs/handbookofadcorg.pdf">A Handbook of Aerospace Defense Organization 1946–1980</a> (PDF). Peterson AFB: Office of History, <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_Defense_Center" title="Aerospace Defense Center">Aerospace Defense Center</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usafpatches.com/pubs/handbookofadcorg.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on November 23, 2006. Retrieved March 26, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Handbook+of+Aerospace+Defense+Organization+1946%E2%80%931980&rft.place=Peterson+AFB&rft.pub=Office+of+History%2C+Aerospace+Defense+Center&rft.date=1980-12-31&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Mildred+W&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usafpatches.com%2Fpubs%2Fhandbookofadcorg.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lo5Chva3cVgC&q=mountain">Failures of the North American Aerospace Defense Command's (NORAD) attack warning system</a> (minutes of "hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, <a href="/wiki/97th_United_States_Congress" title="97th United States Congress">Ninety-seventh Congress</a>; May 19 and 20, 1981") (Report). United States Government Printing Office. Retrieved January 23, 2013. <q>at Norad is the establishment of a Systems Integration Office</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Failures+of+the+North+American+Aerospace+Defense+Command%27s+%28NORAD%29+attack+warning+system&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLo5Chva3cVgC%26q%3Dmountain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WWMCCS-105"><a href="#cite_ref-WWMCCS_105-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a095409.pdf">Modernization of the WWMCCS Information System (WIS)</a> (ADA095409) (Report). <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States House Committee on Armed Services">United States House Committee on Armed Services</a>. January 19, 1981. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131224101313/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a095409.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Modernization+of+the+WWMCCS+Information+System+%28WIS%29&rft.pub=United+States+House+Committee+on+Armed+Services&rft.date=1981-01-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.dtic.mil%2Fdtic%2Ftr%2Ffulltext%2Fu2%2Fa095409.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAldridge1983" class="citation book cs1">Aldridge, Robert C. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x__CgnLTLqkC&q=%22Missile+Impact+Predictor%22+bmews&pg=PA197">First Strike!: The Pentagon's Strategy for Nuclear War</a>. South End Press. p. 197. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780896081543" title="Special:BookSources/9780896081543"><bdi>9780896081543</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+Strike%21%3A+The+Pentagon%27s+Strategy+for+Nuclear+War&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=South+End+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=9780896081543&rft.aulast=Aldridge&rft.aufirst=Robert+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx__CgnLTLqkC%26q%3D%2522Missile%2BImpact%2BPredictor%2522%2Bbmews%26pg%3DPA197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABallistic+Missile+Early+Warning+System" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballistic_Missile_Early_Warning_System&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-qYyIAeqXs">US Air Force film</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120505055809/http://www.ll.mit.edu/publications/journal/pdf/vol12_no2/12_2widgetswonders.pdf">Both Trinidad test radars & 1957 FPS-50 reflector scale model</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=19610104&id=iuEpAAAAIBAJ&sjid=8yUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4813,1400514">1961 Thule sketch, FPS-50 wave guides, & "memory and logic unit"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c-and-e-museum.org/Pinetreeline/misc/other/misc3i.html">1961 BMEWS Rearward communications "billboard type" antenna</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/249994/Sanctuary_mag__number_42_2013.pdf">construction of a Fylingdale's radome</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jsf1.homestead.com/MoorestownGolfBall.html">"Moorestown's Giant Golf Ball</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.real-whitby.co.uk/wp-content/gallery/raf-fylingdales-newsletter/scan.jpg">Scan newsletter of Site III</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nukevault/ebb304/film03.htm">SAC DIP screen with impact ellipses (Reel 2, minute 4:40)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpWW6KzCu70">Eyes of the North</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.criticalpast.com/video/65675061914_Ballistic-Missile-Early-Warning-System_technicians-working_watching-oscilloscopes_turning-knobs">Flyingdales Rearward Data Room</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Missile_Defense" title="Template:United States Missile Defense"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Missile_Defense" title="Template talk:United States Missile Defense"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Missile_Defense" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Missile Defense"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Missile_defense_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_national_missile_defense" title="United States national missile defense">Missile defense in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegis_Ballistic_Missile_Defense_System" title="Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System">Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground-Based_Midcourse_Defense" title="Ground-Based Midcourse Defense">Ground-Based Midcourse Defense (GMD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_High_Altitude_Area_Defense" title="Terminal High Altitude Area Defense">Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_Extended_Air_Defense_System" title="Medium Extended Air Defense System">Medium Extended Air Defense System (MEADS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sensors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AN/SPY-1" title="AN/SPY-1">AN/SPY-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/TPY-2" class="mw-redirect" title="AN/TPY-2">AN/TPY-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/SPY-3" title="AN/SPY-3">AN/SPY-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/SPY-6" title="AN/SPY-6">AN/SPY-6 Air and Missile Defense Radar (AMDR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Range_Discrimination_Radar" title="Long Range Discrimination Radar">AN/SPY-7 Long Range Discrimination Radar (LRDR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAVE_PAWS" title="PAVE PAWS">PAVE Phased Array Warning System (PAVE PAWS)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_AN/FPQ-16_Enhanced_Perimeter_Acquisition_Radar_Attack_Characterization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="GE AN/FPQ-16 Enhanced Perimeter Acquisition Radar Attack Characterization System">AN/FPQ-16 EPARCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/FPS-85" class="mw-redirect" title="AN/FPS-85">AN/FPS-85 Space Track Radar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobra_Dane" title="Cobra Dane">AN/FPS-108 Cobra Dane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_State_Phased_Array_Radar_System" title="Solid State Phased Array Radar System">Solid State Phased Array Radar System (SSPARS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/FPS-132_Upgraded_Early_Warning_Radar" class="mw-redirect" title="AN/FPS-132 Upgraded Early Warning Radar">AN/FPS-132 Upgraded Early Warning Radar (UEWR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea-based_X-band_radar" title="Sea-based X-band radar">Sea-based X-band radar (SBX-1)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Optical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space-Based_Infrared_System" title="Space-Based Infrared System">Space-Based Infrared System (SBIRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Tracking_and_Surveillance_System" title="Space Tracking and Surveillance System">Space Tracking and Surveillance System (STSS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Surveillance_Telescope" title="Space Surveillance Telescope">Space Surveillance Telescope (SST)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RIM-67_Standard" title="RIM-67 Standard">RIM-67 Standard (SM-2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIM-104#MIM-104F_(PAC-3)" class="mw-redirect" title="MIM-104">MIM-104F (PAC-3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIM-161_Standard_Missile_3" title="RIM-161 Standard Missile 3">RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 (SM-3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIM-174_Standard_ERAM" title="RIM-174 Standard ERAM">RIM-174 Standard Extended Range Active Missile (SM-6)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_YAL-1" title="Boeing YAL-1">Boeing YAL-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_Energy_Interceptor" title="Kinetic Energy Interceptor">Kinetic Energy Interceptor (KEI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Centric_Airborne_Defense_Element" title="Network Centric Airborne Defense Element">Network Centric Airborne Defense Element</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Missile_Defense_Agency" title="Missile Defense Agency">Missile Defense Agency (MDA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Aerospace_Defense_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Aerospace Defense Command">North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD)</a></li> <li><a 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id="United_States_Air_Force_system_numbers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> system numbers</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100–199</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-47_Stratojet" title="Boeing B-47 Stratojet">100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress" title="Boeing B-52 Stratofortress">101</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT3D" title="Pratt & Whitney JT3D">P</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_B-58_Hustler" title="Convair B-58 Hustler">102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-62_Snark" title="SM-62 Snark">103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-64_Navaho" title="SM-64 Navaho">104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F-101_Voodoo" title="McDonnell F-101 Voodoo">105</a></li> <li>1061</li> <li>107 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SM-65_Atlas" title="SM-65 Atlas">A-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-68_Titan" title="SM-68 Titan">A-2</a></li></ul></li> <li>1081</li> <li>1091</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XB-70_Valkyrie" title="North American XB-70 Valkyrie">110</a></li> <li>1111</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAM-63_RASCAL" title="GAM-63 RASCAL">112</a></li> <li>1131</li> <li>1141</li> <li>1151</li> <li>1161</li> <li>117 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reconnaissance_Satellite_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reconnaissance Satellite System (page does not exist)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos_(satellite)" title="Samos (satellite)">M</a></li></ul></li> <li>118 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGM-118_Peacekeeper" title="LGM-118 Peacekeeper">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KA-27_(camera)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KA-27 (camera) (page does not exist)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypersonic_Reconnaissance_Manned_Boost-Glide_Rocket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hypersonic Reconnaissance Manned Boost-Glide Rocket (page does not exist)">P</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-135_Stratolifter" title="Boeing C-135 Stratolifter">119</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT3D" title="Pratt & Whitney JT3D">C/F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFM_International_CFM56" title="CFM International CFM56">E</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Photo-Reconnaissance_Balloon_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strategic Photo-Reconnaissance Balloon System (page does not exist)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_EC-135" title="Boeing EC-135">T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-135_Stratotanker" title="Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker">Y</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BGM-75_AICBM" title="BGM-75 AICBM">120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAM-67_Crossbow" title="GAM-67 Crossbow">121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADM-20_Quail" title="ADM-20 Quail">122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSM-73_Goose" title="XSM-73 Goose">123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WS-124A_Flying_Cloud" title="WS-124A Flying Cloud">124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WS-125" title="WS-125">125</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomber_Defense_Missile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bomber Defense Missile (page does not exist)">126</a></li> <li>1271</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WS-128A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WS-128A (page does not exist)">128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-111_Aardvark" title="General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark">129</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WS-130A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WS-130A (page does not exist)">130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-28_Hound_Dog" title="AGM-28 Hound Dog">131</a></li> <li>132 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bomber_Defense_Missile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bomber Defense Missile (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WS-132B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WS-132B (page does not exist)">B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGM-30_Minuteman" title="LGM-30 Minuteman">133</a></li> <li>1341</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WS-135A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WS-135A (page does not exist)">135</a></li> <li>1361</li> <li>1371</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAM-87_Skybolt" title="GAM-87 Skybolt">138</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_B-1_Lancer" title="Rockwell B-1 Lancer">139</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-69_SRAM" title="AGM-69 SRAM">140</a></li> <li>1411</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popeye_(missile)" title="Popeye (missile)">142</a></li> <li>143–1971</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WS-198A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WS-198A (page does not exist)">198</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WS-199" title="WS-199">199</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bold_Orion" title="Bold Orion">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Virgo" title="High Virgo">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Draco" title="Alpha Draco">D</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WS-199Y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WS-199Y (page does not exist)">Y</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200–299</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CIM-10_Bomarc" title="CIM-10 Bomarc">200</a></li> <li>201 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convair_F-102_Delta_Dagger" title="Convair F-102 Delta Dagger">A/L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_F-106_Delta_Dart" title="Convair F-106 Delta Dart">B/W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_J75" title="Pratt & Whitney J75">E</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_XF-108_Rapier" title="North American XF-108 Rapier">202</a></li> <li>2031</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_XF-103" title="Republic XF-103">204</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-89_Scorpion" title="Northrop F-89 Scorpion">205</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86D_Sabre" title="North American F-86D Sabre">206</a></li> <li>2071</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIM-26_Falcon" title="AIM-26 Falcon">208</a></li> <li>2091</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos_(satellite)" title="Samos (satellite)">210</a></li> <li>2111</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Weapons_Control_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air Weapons Control System (page does not exist)">212</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distant_Early_Warning_Line" title="Distant Early Warning Line">213</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-121_Constellation" title="Lockheed C-121 Constellation">214</a></li> <li>2151</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-Automatic_Ground_Environment" title="Semi-Automatic Ground Environment">216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F-101_Voodoo" title="McDonnell F-101 Voodoo">217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIM-8_Talos" title="RIM-8 Talos">218</a></li> <li>2191</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIM-4_Falcon" title="AIM-4 Falcon">220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinder" title="AIM-9 Sidewinder">221</a></li> <li>222 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Wizard" title="Project Wizard">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Electro-Optical_Countermeasures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advanced Electro-Optical Countermeasures (page does not exist)">G</a></li></ul></li> <li>2231</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nike_Zeus" title="Nike Zeus">224</a></li> <li>2251</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIM-7_Sparrow" title="AIM-7 Sparrow">226</a></li> <li>227–2381</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_Defense_Alarm_System" title="Missile Defense Alarm System">239</a></li> <li>240–2781</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_(rocket_family)" title="Scout (rocket family)">279</a></li> <li>280–2981</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WS-299A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WS-299A (page does not exist)">299</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">300–399</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-105_Thunderchief" title="Republic F-105 Thunderchief">300</a></li> <li>3011</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_XB-68" title="Martin XB-68">302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed F-104 Starfighter">303</a></li> <li>3041</li> <li>3051</li> <li>306 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-105_Thunderchief" title="Republic F-105 Thunderchief">A/L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-107" title="North American F-107">B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_B-57_Canberra" title="Martin B-57 Canberra">307</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-66_Destroyer" title="Douglas B-66 Destroyer">308</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM-13_Mace" title="MGM-13 Mace">309</a></li> <li>3101</li> <li>3111</li> <li>3121</li> <li>3131</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-62_Walleye" title="AGM-62 Walleye">314</a></li> <li>315 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PGM-17_Thor" title="PGM-17 Thor">A-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PGM-19_Jupiter" title="PGM-19 Jupiter">A-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">316</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Tank_Guided_Air_Rocket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-Tank Guided Air Rocket (page does not exist)">317</a></li> <li>3181</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-65_Maverick" title="AGM-65 Maverick">319</a></li> <li>3201</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGM-12_Bullpup" title="AGM-12 Bullpup">321</a></li> <li>3221</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_Strike/Reconnaissance_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tactical Strike/Reconnaissance System (page does not exist)">323</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-111_Aardvark" title="General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark">324</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics%E2%80%93Grumman_EF-111A_Raven" title="General Dynamics–Grumman EF-111A Raven">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_TF30" title="Pratt & Whitney TF30">M/N</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_Medium_Range_Ballistic_Missile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mobile Medium Range Ballistic Missile (page does not exist)">325</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">326</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">327</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_J79" title="General Electric J79">E</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15_Eagle" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle">328</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15E_Strike_Eagle" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle">E</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Republic_A-10_Thunderbolt_II" title="Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II">329</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_TF34" title="General Electric TF34">F</a></li></ul></li> <li>3301</li> <li>3311</li> <li>3321</li> <li>3331</li> <li>3341</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_A-37_Dragonfly" title="Cessna A-37 Dragonfly">335</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell_OV-10_Bronco" title="North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco">336</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTV_A-7_Corsair_II" title="LTV A-7 Corsair II">337</a></li> <li>338–3791</li> <li>380 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_F100" title="Pratt & Whitney F100">A/B/E/F/N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_F110" title="General Electric F110">P</a></li></ul></li> <li>381–3971</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theater_Ballistic_Missile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theater Ballistic Missile (page does not exist)">398</a></li> <li>399 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WS-399A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WS-399A (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WS-399B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WS-399B (page does not exist)">B</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">400–499</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">400</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_AC-130" title="Lockheed AC-130">B/C/N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_T56" title="Allison T56">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_MC-130" title="Lockheed MC-130">G/H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_RC-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed RC-130 Hercules">M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-132" title="Douglas C-132">401</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-133_Cargomaster" title="Douglas C-133 Cargomaster">402</a></li> <li>4031</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Traffic_Control_And_Landing_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air Traffic Control And Landing System (page does not exist)">404</a></li> <li>405 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaceborne_Laser_Communications_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spaceborne Laser Communications System (page does not exist)">B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_405C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 405C (page does not exist)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_405D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 405D (page does not exist)">D</a></li> <li>4061</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ground_Theater_Air_Control_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ground Theater Air Control System (page does not exist)">407</a></li> <li>4081</li> <li>4091</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-5_Galaxy" title="Lockheed C-5 Galaxy">410</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_TF39" title="General Electric TF39">E</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Area_Surveillance_Control_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Area Surveillance Control System (page does not exist)">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-3_Sentry" title="Boeing E-3 Sentry">411</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT3D" title="Pratt & Whitney JT3D">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_Warning_And_Control_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Airborne Warning And Control System">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Weapons_Control_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air Weapons Control System (page does not exist)">412</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distant_Early_Warning_Line" title="Distant Early Warning Line">413</a></li> <li>414 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmospheric_Early_Warning_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atmospheric Early Warning System (page does not exist)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-414M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-414M (page does not exist)">M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Airlift_Command_Integrated_Management_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military Airlift Command Integrated Management System (page does not exist)">415</a></li> <li>416 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semi-Automatic_Ground_Environment" title="Semi-Automatic Ground Environment">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-Up_Interceptor_Control" title="Back-Up Interceptor Control">M (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Sands_Missile_Range_Surveillance_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="White Sands Missile Range Surveillance System (page does not exist)">M (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seek_Dawn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seek Dawn (page does not exist)">P</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Digitizer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common Digitizer (page does not exist)">Q</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-417L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-417L (page does not exist)">417</a></li> <li>418 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryukyu_Air_Defense_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ryukyu Air Defense System (page does not exist)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hawaiian_Air_Defense_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hawaiian Air Defense System (page does not exist)">M</a></li></ul></li> <li>4191</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">420</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_T-38_Talon" title="Northrop T-38 Talon">L/W</a></li></ul></li> <li>4211</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-135_Stratotanker" title="Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker">422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_Digital_Network" title="Automatic Digital Network">423</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_T-37_Tweet" title="Cessna T-37 Tweet">424</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne_Mountain_Complex" title="Cheyenne Mountain Complex">425</a></li> <li>426 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_AQM-35" title="Northrop AQM-35">L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-426M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-426M (page does not exist)">M</a></li></ul></li> <li>427 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_AQM-60_Kingfisher" title="Lockheed AQM-60 Kingfisher">L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Airlift_Command_Integrated_Management_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military Airlift Command Integrated Management System (page does not exist)">M</a></li></ul></li> <li>428 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_Air_Ground_Intelligence_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marine Air Ground Intelligence System (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/URC-117_Ground_Wave_Emergency_Network" title="AN/URC-117 Ground Wave Emergency Network">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Firebee" title="Ryan Firebee">429</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photographic_Processing_and_Interpretation_Facility&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Photographic Processing and Interpretation Facility (page does not exist)">430</a></li> <li>431 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_431G&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 431G (page does not exist)">G (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traffic_Control_And_Landing_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Traffic Control And Landing System (page does not exist)">G (II)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crash_Locator_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crash Locator System (page does not exist)">432</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=METRO_Weather_Observation_and_Forecasting_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="METRO Weather Observation and Forecasting System (page does not exist)">433</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Space_Surveillance_System" title="Air Force Space Surveillance System">434</a></li> <li>435 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navy_Navigational_Satellite_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navy Navigational Satellite System (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_EC-135" title="Boeing EC-135">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Automated_Command_and_Control_System" title="Strategic Automated Command and Control System">436</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear-Armed_Unguided_Satellite_Inspection_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear-Armed Unguided Satellite Inspection System (page does not exist)">437</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AIDS_Intelligence_Data_Handling_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AIDS Intelligence Data Handling System (page does not exist)">438</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sea_Coastal_Cable_Communications_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sea Coastal Cable Communications System (page does not exist)">439</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forward_Scatter_Over-the-Horizon_Radar_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forward Scatter Over-the-Horizon Radar System (page does not exist)">440</a></li> <li>441 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cobra_Mist" title="Cobra Mist">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cobra_Talon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cobra Talon (page does not exist)">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Satellite_Communications" title="Air Force Satellite Communications">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_X-7" title="Lockheed X-7">442</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_UH-1_Iroquois" title="Bell UH-1 Iroquois">443</a></li> <li>4441</li> <li>445 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-445L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-445L (page does not exist)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-445M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-445M (page does not exist)">M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-4_Caribou" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou">446</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">447</a></li> <li>4481</li> <li>4491</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LORAN" title="LORAN">450</a></li> <li>451 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spain_Air_Defense_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spain Air Defense System (page does not exist)">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Tactical_Information_Distribution_System" title="Joint Tactical Information Distribution System">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">452</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_Canada_VZ-9_Avrocar" title="Avro Canada VZ-9 Avrocar">453</a></li> <li>4541</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HYWARDS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HYWARDS (page does not exist)">455</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadrajector&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quadrajector (page does not exist)">456</a></li> <li>4571</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wideband_Transmission_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wideband Transmission System (page does not exist)">458</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-459L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-459L (page does not exist)">459</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_E-8_Joint_STARS" title="Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS">460</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_WC-135_Constant_Phoenix" title="Boeing WC-135 Constant Phoenix">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=High-Altitude_Balloon_Reconnaissance_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High-Altitude Balloon Reconnaissance System (page does not exist)">461</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_AQM-37_Jayhawk" title="Beechcraft AQM-37 Jayhawk">462</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/463L_master_pallet" title="463L master pallet">463</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-20_Dyna-Soar" title="Boeing X-20 Dyna-Soar">464</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITT_465L_Strategic_Air_Command_Control_System" title="ITT 465L Strategic Air Command Control System">465</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=466L_Electromagnetic_Intelligence_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="466L Electromagnetic Intelligence System (page does not exist)">466</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Navigational_Training_Support_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advanced Navigational Training Support System (page does not exist)">467</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_JetStar" title="Lockheed JetStar">468</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conversion_Of_Range_Telemetry_Systems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conversion Of Range Telemetry Systems (page does not exist)">469</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_470L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 470L (page does not exist)">470</a></li> <li>471 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Vertol_CH-46_Sea_Knight" title="Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight">L (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_CH-47_Chinook" title="Boeing CH-47 Chinook">L (II)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Support_System_Test_Aircraft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Support System Test Aircraft (page does not exist)">472</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USAF_Command_and_Control_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USAF Command and Control System (page does not exist)">473</a></li> <li>474 <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/FPS-26_Radar" title="AN/FPS-26 Radar">N</a></li></ul></li> <li>4751</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-141_Starlifter" title="Lockheed C-141 Starlifter">476</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT3D" title="Pratt & Whitney JT3D">E</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_477L_Nuclear_Detection_and_Reporting_System" title="GE 477L Nuclear Detection and Reporting System">477</a></li> <li>478 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LTV_XC-142" title="LTV XC-142">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tri-Service_Tactical_Communications_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tri-Service Tactical Communications System (page does not exist)">T</a></li></ul></li> <li>4791</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-480L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-480L (page does not exist)">480</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-4" title="Boeing E-4">481</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Attack_Command_and_Control_System" title="Post-Attack Command and Control System">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_CH-53_Sea_Stallion" title="Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion">482</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_T64" title="General Electric T64">E</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ground_Theater_Air_Control_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ground Theater Air Control System (page does not exist)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_MH-53" title="Sikorsky MH-53">M/Z</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air/Ground_Digital_Secure_Teletype_Communication_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air/Ground Digital Secure Teletype Communication System (page does not exist)">483</a></li> <li>484 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Frequency_Global_Communication_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High Frequency Global Communication System (page does not exist)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Build_Back&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Build Back (page does not exist)">M</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wet_Wash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wet Wash (page does not exist)">N</a></li></ul></li> <li>485 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ground_Theater_Air_Control_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ground Theater Air Control System (page does not exist)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-61R" title="Sikorsky S-61R">Z</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_Communications_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mediterranean Communications System (page does not exist)">486</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survivable_Low_Frequency_Communications_System" title="Survivable Low Frequency Communications System">487</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Pine_(communications)" title="Green Pine (communications)">488</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Area_Command_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Area Command System (page does not exist)">489</a></li> <li>490 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automatic_Voice_Network_of_the_Defense_Communications_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automatic Voice Network of the Defense Communications System (page does not exist)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post_Attack_Intercontinental_Link&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Post Attack Intercontinental Link (page does not exist)">M</a></li></ul></li> <li>4911</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Strike_Command_and_Control&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Strike Command and Control (page does not exist)">492</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_Secure_Voice_Communications_Network" title="Automatic Secure Voice Communications Network">493</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/DRC-8_Emergency_Rocket_Communications_System" title="AN/DRC-8 Emergency Rocket Communications System">494</a></li> <li>495 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IFF_Mark_XII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IFF Mark XII (page does not exist)">L (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Command_and_Control_Information_Processing_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Command and Control Information Processing System (page does not exist)">L (II)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Surveillance_Network" title="United States Space Surveillance Network">496</a></li> <li>497 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-497A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-497A (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automatic_Digital_Switching_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automatic Digital Switching System (page does not exist)">L (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_national_missile_defense" title="United States national missile defense">L</a></li></ul></li> <li>498 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-498A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-498A (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">C</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategic_Communications_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strategic Communications System (page does not exist)">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Air_Transport_Service" title="Military Air Transport Service">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milstar" title="Milstar">L</a></li></ul></li> <li>499 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-499A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-499A (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-499C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-499C (page does not exist)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-499D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-499D (page does not exist)">D</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500–599</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ground_Communication_Product_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ground Communication Product Group (page does not exist)">500</a></li> <li>501–5191</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OS-520B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OS-520B (page does not exist)">520</a></li> <li>521–5291</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OS-530A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OS-530A (page does not exist)">530</a></li> <li>531–5411</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_542N&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 542N (page does not exist)">542</a></li> <li>543–5491</li> <li>550 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OS-550A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OS-550A (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OS-550E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OS-550E (page does not exist)">E</a></li></ul></li> <li>551–5591</li> <li>560 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OS-560A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OS-560A (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OS-560F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OS-560F (page does not exist)">F</a></li></ul></li> <li>561–5691</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OS-570A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OS-570A (page does not exist)">570</a></li> <li>571–5791</li> <li>580 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OS-580A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OS-580A (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OS-580E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OS-580E (page does not exist)">E</a></li></ul></li> <li>581–5891</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_590K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 590K (page does not exist)">590</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GBU-15" title="GBU-15">591</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_592K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 592K (page does not exist)">592</a></li> <li>593–5991</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">600–699</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-600A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-600A (page does not exist)">600</a></li> <li>601 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_X-7" title="Lockheed X-7">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Aerospace_Offensive_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advanced Aerospace Offensive System (page does not exist)">L</a></li></ul></li> <li>602 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_XV-3" title="Bell XV-3">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Aerospace_Defensive_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advanced Aerospace Defensive System (page does not exist)">L</a></li></ul></li> <li>603 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_X-13_Vertijet" title="Ryan X-13 Vertijet">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_Forces_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tactical Forces System (page does not exist)">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-604A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-604A (page does not exist)">604</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">605</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_Canada_VZ-9_Avrocar" title="Avro Canada VZ-9 Avrocar">606</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiller_X-18" title="Hiller X-18">607</a></li> <li>6081</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_(rocket_family)" title="Scout (rocket family)">609</a></li> <li>6101</li> <li>6111</li> <li>6121</li> <li>6131</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-614A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-614A (page does not exist)">614</a></li> <li>6151</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_Essential_Emergency_Communications_Network" title="Minimum Essential Emergency Communications Network">616</a></li> <li>6171</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-618A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-618A (page does not exist)">618</a></li> <li>6191</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-20_Dyna-Soar" title="Boeing X-20 Dyna-Soar">620</a></li> <li>621 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_SAINT" title="Project SAINT">A/B (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Integrated_NavSat/Inertial_Test_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Integrated NavSat/Inertial Test System (page does not exist)">B (II)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORONA_(satellite)" title="CORONA (satellite)">622</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Large_Solid-Propellant_Launch_Vehicle_Rocket_Motor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Large Solid-Propellant Launch Vehicle Rocket Motor (page does not exist)">623</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(rocket_family)" title="Titan (rocket family)">624</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-625A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-625A (page does not exist)">625</a></li> <li>6261</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Ballistic_Reentry_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advanced Ballistic Reentry System (page does not exist)">627</a></li> <li>6281</li> <li>6291</li> <li>6301</li> <li>6311</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/AAR-44&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/AAR-44 (page does not exist)">632</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stellar_Inertial_Doppler_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stellar Inertial Doppler System (page does not exist)">633</a></li> <li>634 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cobra_Dane" title="Cobra Dane">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Tactical_Information_Distribution_System" title="Joint Tactical Information Distribution System">B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALE-24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALE-24 (page does not exist)">635</a></li> <li>6361</li> <li>6371</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAM-87_Skybolt" title="GAM-87 Skybolt">638</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALE-40&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALE-40 (page does not exist)">639</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALE-45&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALE-45 (page does not exist)">640</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/ALE-47" title="AN/ALE-47">641</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seek_Point&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seek Point (page does not exist)">642</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALQ-184&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALQ-184 (page does not exist)">643</a></li> <li>6441</li> <li>6451</li> <li>6461</li> <li>6471</li> <li>648 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RM-81_Agena" title="RM-81 Agena">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_648D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 648D (page does not exist)">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/ALQ-99" title="AN/ALQ-99">P</a></li></ul></li> <li>649 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-649A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-649A (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-649B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-649B (page does not exist)">B</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WS-649C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WS-649C (page does not exist)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-649D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-649D (page does not exist)">D</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Counterweapons_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Counterweapons System (page does not exist)">E</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satellite_Inspection_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satellite Inspection System (page does not exist)">F</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Combat_Weapon_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Combat Weapon System (page does not exist)">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dash_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Dash 10">P</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-650A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-650A (page does not exist)">650</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_651A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 651A (page does not exist)">651</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALQ-122&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALQ-122 (page does not exist)">652</a></li> <li>6531</li> <li>6541</li> <li>655 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-655A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-655A (page does not exist)">A (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low_Altutude_Short_Range_Missile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Low Altutude Short Range Missile (page does not exist)">A (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALQ-131&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALQ-131 (page does not exist)">P</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AN/ALQ-135" title="AN/ALQ-135">656</a></li> <li>6571</li> <li>6581</li> <li>6591</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALQ-155&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALQ-155 (page does not exist)">660</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALQ-161&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALQ-161 (page does not exist)">661</a></li> <li>6621</li> <li>6631</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALQ-172&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALQ-172 (page does not exist)">664</a></li> <li>665 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-665A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-665A (page does not exist)">A (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multi-Sensor_Airborne_Reconnaissance/Strike_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multi-Sensor Airborne Reconnaissance/Strike System (page does not exist)">A (II)</a></li></ul></li> <li>666 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Integrated_NavSat/Inertial_Test_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Integrated NavSat/Inertial Test System (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALQ-184&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALQ-184 (page does not exist)">C/P</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_667A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 667A (page does not exist)">667</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_668A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 668A (page does not exist)">668</a></li> <li>6691</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_670B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 670B (page does not exist)">670</a></li> <li>6711</li> <li>672 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_ICBM_Technology_Program&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advanced ICBM Technology Program (page does not exist)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALR-56&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALR-56 (page does not exist)">M/P</a></li></ul></li> <li>6731</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALR-69&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALR-69 (page does not exist)">674</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-675A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-675A (page does not exist)">675</a></li> <li>6761</li> <li>6771</li> <li>6781</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_679A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 679A (page does not exist)">679</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Survivable_Flight_Control_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Survivable Flight Control System (page does not exist)">680</a></li> <li>681 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_681D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 681D (page does not exist)">D</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Base_Installation_Security_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Base Installation Security System (page does not exist)">E</a></li></ul></li> <li>6821</li> <li>683 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vela_(satellite)" title="Vela (satellite)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_Air_Control_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tactical Air Control System (page does not exist)">J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_T-43" title="Boeing T-43">V</a></li></ul></li> <li>6841</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-685A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-685A (page does not exist)">685</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aircraft_Flight_Simulation_Complex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aircraft Flight Simulation Complex (page does not exist)">686</a></li> <li>687 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TACSATCOM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TACSATCOM (page does not exist)">J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">P</a></li></ul></li> <li>6881</li> <li>6891</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_690K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 690K (page does not exist)">690</a></li> <li>691 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AGM-86_ALCM" title="AGM-86 ALCM">C</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_691X&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 691X (page does not exist)">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Military_Command_and_Control_System" title="Worldwide Military Command and Control System">Z</a></li></ul></li> <li>6921</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_X-13_Vertijet" title="Ryan X-13 Vertijet">693</a></li> <li>6941</li> <li>695 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSER" title="ANSER">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itek" title="Itek">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIT_Lincoln_Laboratory" title="MIT Lincoln Laboratory">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-65_Atlas" title="SM-65 Atlas">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-68_Titan" title="SM-68 Titan">P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PGM-17_Thor" title="PGM-17 Thor">Q</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGM-30_Minuteman" title="LGM-30 Minuteman">R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos_(satellite)" title="Samos (satellite)">S (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_Defense_Alarm_System" title="Missile Defense Alarm System">S (II)</a></li></ul></li> <li>6961</li> <li>6971</li> <li>6981</li> <li>6991</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">700–799</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>700–7351</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/APR-46&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/APR-46 (page does not exist)">736</a></li> <li>7371</li> <li>7381</li> <li>7391</li> <li>7401</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tactical_Electronic_Warfare_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tactical Electronic Warfare System (page does not exist)">741</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LANTIRN" title="LANTIRN">742</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LANTIRN" title="LANTIRN">743</a></li> <li>7441</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Satellite_Communications_Directorate" title="Military Satellite Communications Directorate">745</a></li> <li>746–7531</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AN/ALM-234&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AN/ALM-234 (page does not exist)">754</a></li> <li>755–7991</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">800–899</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>8001</li> <li>8011</li> <li>802 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_802L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 802L (page does not exist)">L (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Frequency_Global_Communication_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High Frequency Global Communication System (page does not exist)">L (II)</a></li></ul></li> <li>8031</li> <li>8041</li> <li>8051</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Range_Threat_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Range Threat System (page does not exist)">806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Support_Program" title="Defense Support Program">807</a></li> <li>808–8161</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Technical_Sensor_Collection_Systems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Technical Sensor Collection Systems (page does not exist)">817</a></li> <li>8181</li> <li>8191</li> <li>8201</li> <li>8211</li> <li>8221</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_823L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System 823L (page does not exist)">823</a></li> <li>824–8311</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Meteorological_Satellite_Program" title="Defense Meteorological Satellite Program">832</a></li> <li>8331</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">834</a></li> <li>835–8451</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Range_Threat_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Range Threat System (page does not exist)">846</a></li> <li>847–8991</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">900–999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>900–9511</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">952</a></li> <li>8531</li> <li>8541</li> <li>8551</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-6" title="Douglas DC-6">956</a></li> <li>957–9671</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacer_Harmony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pacer Harmony (page does not exist)">968</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1 Unknown or not assigned</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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