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of the esophagus</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: perforation of the esophagus"> <meta name="keywords" content="perforation of the esophagus"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="perforation of the esophagus"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 87</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: perforation of the esophagus</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">87</span> Endoscopic Treatment of Esophageal Injuries Using Vacuum Therapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murad%20Gasanov">Murad Gasanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shagen%20Danielyan"> Shagen Danielyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Gasanov"> Ali Gasanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuri%20Teterin"> Yuri Teterin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Yartsev"> Peter Yartsev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Despite the advances made in modern surgery, the treatment of patients with esophageal injuries remains one of the most topical and complex issues. In recent years, high-technology minimally invasive methods, such as endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) in the treatment of esophageal injuries. The effectiveness of EVT has been sufficiently studied in case of failure of esophageal anastomoses, however the application of this method in case of mechanical esophageal injuries is limited by a small series of observations, indicating the necessity of additional study. Aim: The aim was to аnalyzed of own experience in the use of endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) in a comprehensive examination of patients with esophageal injuries. Methods: We analyzed the results of treatment of 24 patients with mechanical injuries of the esophagus for the period 2019-2021. Complex treatment of patients included the use of minimally invasive technologies, including percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), EVT and video-assisted thoracoscopic debridement. Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment was carried out using multislice computed tomography (MSCT), endoscopy and laboratory tests. The duration of inpatient treatment and the duration of EVT, the number of system replacements, complications and mortality were taken into account. Result: EVT in patients with mechanical injuries of the esophagus allowed to achieve epithelialization of the esophageal defect in 21 patients (87.5%) in the form of linear scar on the site of perforation or pseudodiverticulum. Complications were noted in 4 patients (16.6%), including bleeding (2) and and esophageal stenosis in the perforation area (2). Lethal outcome was in one observation (4.2%). Conclusion. EVT may be the method of choice in complex treatment in patients with esophageal lesions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esophagus%20injuries" title="esophagus injuries">esophagus injuries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20to%20the%20esophagus" title=" damage to the esophagus"> damage to the esophagus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perforation%20of%20the%20esophagus" title=" perforation of the esophagus"> perforation of the esophagus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spontaneous%20perforation%20of%20the%20esophagus" title=" spontaneous perforation of the esophagus"> spontaneous perforation of the esophagus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mediastinitis" title=" mediastinitis"> mediastinitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endoscopic%20vacuum%20therapy" title=" endoscopic vacuum therapy"> endoscopic vacuum therapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159374/endoscopic-treatment-of-esophageal-injuries-using-vacuum-therapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">86</span> Evaluation of the Spectrum of Cases of Perforation Peritonitis at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mujahid%20Ali">Mujahid Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasif%20Mohammed%20Ali"> Wasif Mohammed Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meraj%20Ahmad"> Meraj Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Perforation peritonitis is the most common surgical emergency encountered by surgeons all over the world as well as in India. The etiology of perforation peritonitis in India continues to be different from its western counterparts. The aim of this study is to evaluate the spectrum of cases of perforation peritonitis at our hospital. Methods: A prospective study conducted includes three hundred thirtysix patients of perforation peritonitis at J. N. Medical College from October 2015 to July 2017. The patients were admitted, resuscitated and underwent emergency laparotomy. Data were collected in terms of demographic profile, clinical presentations, site of perforations, causes and surgical outcomes. Results: In this study, the most common cause of perforation peritonitis was peptic ulcer disease (43%), followed by enteric perforation (12.8%), tubercular perforation (12.5%), traumatic perforation (11.9%), appendicular perforation (9.8%), amoebic caecal perforation (3%), malignant perforation (1.5%), etc. The sites of perforations were stomach in majority (38.3%), ileum (31%), appendix (8%), duodenum (5.%), caecum (4.4%) ,colon (3%), jejunum (8.5%) and gall bladder (2%). The overall mortality was 21% in our study. Age >50 years (p= <0.0001, OR= 3.9260, CI= 2.2 to 6.9), organ failure (p= <0.0001, OR= 29.2, CI= 14.8 to 57.6), shock (p=<0.0001, OR=20.20, CI= 10.56 to 38.6), diffuse peritonitis (p<0.0015, OR= 6.8810, CI= 2.09 to 22.57) and faecal exudates (p<0.0001) were found to be significant factors affecting mortality. The most common complication associated was superficial wound infection (40%), followed by burst abdomen seen in 21% cases, intra-abdominal sepsis in 18% cases, electrolyte imbalances in 15% cases, anastomotic leak in 6% cases. Conclusion: In this study, stomach is the most common site of perforation with peptic ulcer disease being the most common etiology. Older age, presence of shock, organ failure and faecal peritonitis were the risk factors affecting the mortality of the patients. Early recognition, adequate resuscitation and referral of patients can influence outcome and reduces mortality as well as morbidity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=etiology" title="etiology">etiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortality" title=" mortality"> mortality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perforation" title=" perforation"> perforation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrum" title=" spectrum"> spectrum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78122/evaluation-of-the-spectrum-of-cases-of-perforation-peritonitis-at-jawaharlal-nehru-medical-college-aligarh-muslim-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78122.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">85</span> Thermal Performance of Plate-Fin Heat Sink with Lateral Perforation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakkarin%20Chingulpitak">Sakkarin Chingulpitak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somchai%20Wongwises"> Somchai Wongwises</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the past several decades, the development of electronic devices has led to higher performance. Therefore, an electronic cooling system is important for the electronic device. A heat sink which is a part of the electronic cooling system is continuously studied in the research field to enhance the heat transfer. To author’s best knowledge, there have been only a few articles which reported the thermal performance of plate-fin heat sink with perforation. This research aims to study on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the solid-fin heat sink (SFHS) and laterally perforated plate-fin heat sink (LAP-PFHS). The SFHS and LAP-PFHSs are investigated on the same fin dimensions. The LAP-PFHSs are performed with a 27 perforation number and two different diameters of circular perforation (3 mm and 5 mm). The experimental study is conducted under various Reynolds numbers from 900 to 2,000 and the heat input of 50W. The experimental results show that the LAP-PFHS with perforation diameter of 5 mm gives the minimum thermal resistance about 25% lower than SFHS. The thermal performance factor which takes into account the ratio of the Nusselt number and ratio of friction factor is used to find the suitable design parameters. The experimental results show that the LAP-PFHS with the perforation diameter of 3 mm provides the thermal performance of 15% greater than SFHS. In addition, the simulation study is presented to investigate the effect of the air flow behavior inside the perforation on the thermal performance of LAP-PFHS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20sink" title="heat sink">heat sink</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20flow" title=" parallel flow"> parallel flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20perforation" title=" circular perforation"> circular perforation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-bypass%20flow" title=" non-bypass flow"> non-bypass flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105150/thermal-performance-of-plate-fin-heat-sink-with-lateral-perforation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105150.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">84</span> Outcome Analysis of Various Management Strategies for Ileal Perforation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashvamedh">Ashvamedh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandra%20Bhushan%20Singh"> Chandra Bhushan Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anil%20Kumar%20Sarda"> Anil Kumar Sarda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Ileal perforation is a common cause for peritonitis in developing countries. Surgery is the ideal treatment as it eliminates soilage of peritoneal cavity in an effort to lessen the toxaemia and enhance the recovery of the patient. However, there is no uniformity of standardized operative procedure that is most effective for management. Material and method: The study was conducted on 66 patients of perforation peritonitis from November 2013 to February 2015 in Lok Nayak Hospital. Data of each patient were recorded on a pre-determined proforma. The methods used for repair were Primary repair, Resection anastomosis (RA) and Ileostomy. Result: Male preponderance was noticed among the patients with majority in their third decade. Of all perforations 40.9% were tubercular and 34.8% were typhoid. Amongst operated cases 27.3% underwent primary repair, RA was performed in 45.5%, Ileostomy in 27.3%patients. The average time taken for RA and ileostomy was more than primary repair. The type of repair bear no significance to size or no of perforation but was significant statistically for distance from I/C valve(P=.005) and edema of bowel wall(p=.002) when analysed for post op complications. Wound infection, dehiscence, intra-abdominal collections were complications observed bearing no significance to type of repair. Ileostomy per se has its own complications peristomal skin excoriation seen in 83.3%, electrolyte imbalance in 33.3%, duration for closure averaged 188 days (median 150 days, range 85-400 days). Conclusion: Primary closure is preferable in patients with single, small perforations. RA is advocated in patients with multiple or large perforation, perforation proximal to stricture. Ileostomy should not be considered as primary definitive procedure and reserved only for moribund patients as a lifesaving procedure. It has more morbidity and requires a second surgery for closure increasing the cost of treatment as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ileal%20perforation" title="ileal perforation">ileal perforation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ileostomy" title=" ileostomy"> ileostomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perforation%20peritonitis" title=" perforation peritonitis"> perforation peritonitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=typhoid%20perforation%20management" title=" typhoid perforation management "> typhoid perforation management </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42786/outcome-analysis-of-various-management-strategies-for-ileal-perforation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42786.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">83</span> Effects of Body Positioning on Videofluoroscopic Barium Esophagram in Healthy Cats </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyeona%20Kim">Hyeona Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kichang%20Lee"> Kichang Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seunghee%20Lee"> Seunghee Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeongsu%20An"> Jeongsu An</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyungjun%20Min"> Kyungjun Min</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Contrast videofluoroscopy is the diagnostic imaging technique for evaluating cat with dysphagia. Generally, videofluoroscopic studies have been done with the cat restrained in lateral recumbency. It is different from the neutral position such as standing or sternal recumbency which is actual swallowing posture. We hypothesized that measurement of esophageal transit and peristalsis would be affected by body position. This experimental study analyzed the imaging findings of barium esophagram in 5 cats. Each cat underwent videofluoroscopy during swallowing of liquid barium and barium-soaked kibble in standing position and lateral recumbency. Esophageal transit time and the number of esophageal peristaltic waves were compared among body positions. Transit time in the cervical esophagus (0.57s), cranial thoracic esophagus (2.5s), and caudal thoracic esophagus(1.10s) was delayed when cats were in lateral recumbency for liquid barium. For kibble, transit time was more delayed than that of liquid through the entire esophagus in lateral recumbency. Liquid and kibble frequently started to delay at thoracic inlet region, transit time in the thoracic esophagus was significantly delayed than the cervical esophagus. In standing position, 60.2% of liquid swallows stimulated primary esophageal peristalsis. In lateral recumbency, 50.5% of liquid swallows stimulated primary esophageal peristalsis. Other variables were not significantly different. Lateral body positioning increases entire esophageal transit time and thoracic esophageal transit time is most significantly delayed. Thus, lateral recumbency decreases the number of primary esophageal peristalsis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barium%20esophagram" title="barium esophagram">barium esophagram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20positioning" title=" body positioning"> body positioning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cat" title=" cat"> cat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=videofluoroscopy" title=" videofluoroscopy"> videofluoroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97132/effects-of-body-positioning-on-videofluoroscopic-barium-esophagram-in-healthy-cats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">82</span> An Investigation on the Energy Absorption of Sandwich Panels With Aluminium Foam Core under Perforation Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minoo%20Tavakoli">Minoo Tavakoli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Zebarjad"> Mojtaba Zebarjad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Golestanipour"> Golestanipour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metallic sandwich structures with aluminum foam core are good energy absorbers. In this paper, perforation test were carried out on different samples to study energy absorption. In the experiments, effect of several parameters, i.e. skin thickness and thickness of foam core, on the energy absorption, delamination zone of back faces and deformation strain(φ) are discussed. Results show that increasing plates thickness will results in more absorbed energy and delamination. Moreover, thickening foam core has the same effect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandwich%20panel" title="sandwich panel">sandwich panel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium%20foam" title=" aluminium foam"> aluminium foam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perforation" title=" perforation"> perforation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20absorption" title=" energy absorption"> energy absorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15966/an-investigation-on-the-energy-absorption-of-sandwich-panels-with-aluminium-foam-core-under-perforation-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15966.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">81</span> A Case of Iatrogenic Esophageal Perforation in an Extremely Low Birth Weight Neonate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ya-Ching%20Fu">Ya-Ching Fu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=An-Kuo%20Chou"> An-Kuo Chou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boon-Fatt%20Tan"> Boon-Fatt Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi-Nien%20Chen"> Chi-Nien Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Chien%20Yang"> Wen-Chien Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pou-Leng%20Cheong"> Pou-Leng Cheong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Blind oro-/naso-pharyngeal suction and feeding tube placement are very common practices in neonatal intensive care unit. Though esophageal perforation is a rare complication of these instrumentations, its prevalence is highest in extremely premature neonates. Due to its association with significant morbidity (including respiratory deterioration, pneumothorax, and sepsis) and even mortality, it is an important issue to prevent this iatrogenic complication in the field of premature care. We demonstrate an esophageal perforation in an extreme-low-birth-weight neonate after oro-gastric tube placement. This female baby weighing 680 grams was delivered by caesarean section at 25 weeks of gestational age. She initially received oro-tracheal intubation with mechanical ventilation which was smoothly weaned to non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation at 7-day-old. However, after insertion of a 5-French oro-gastric tube, the baby’s condition suddenly worsened with apnea requiring mechanical ventilation. Her chest radiogram showed the oro-gastric tube in right pleural space, and thus another oro-gastric tube was replaced, and its position was radiographically confirmed. The malpositioned tube was then removed. The baby received 2-week course of intravenous antibiotics for her esophageal perforation. Feeding was then reintroduced and increased to full feeds in a smooth course. She was discharged at 107-day-old. Esophageal perforation in newborn is very rare. Sudden respiratory deterioration in a neonate after naso-/oro-gastric tube placement should alarm us to consider esophageal perforation, and further radiological investigation is required for the diagnosis. Tube materials, patient condition, and age are major risk factors of esophageal perforation. The use of softer tube material, such as silicone, in extreme premature baby might prevent this fetal complication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esophageal%20perforation" title="esophageal perforation">esophageal perforation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preterm" title=" preterm"> preterm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=newborn" title=" newborn"> newborn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feeding%20tube" title=" feeding tube"> feeding tube</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50256/a-case-of-iatrogenic-esophageal-perforation-in-an-extremely-low-birth-weight-neonate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">80</span> Air Flows along Perforated Metal Plates with the Heat Transfer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karel%20Frana">Karel Frana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sylvio%20Simon"> Sylvio Simon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of the paper is a numerical study of heat transfer between perforated metal plates and the surrounding air flows. Different perforation structures can nowadays be found in various industrial products. Besides improving the mechanical properties, the perforations can intensify the heat transfer as well. The heat transfer coefficient depends on a wide range of parameters such as type of perforation, size, shape, flow properties of the surrounding air etc. The paper was focused on three different perforation structures which have been investigated from the point of the view of the production in the previous studies. To determine the heat coefficients and the Nusselt numbers, the numerical simulation approach was adopted. The calculations were performed using the OpenFOAM software. The three-dimensional, unstable, turbulent and incompressible air flow around the perforated surface metal plate was considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perforations" title="perforations">perforations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convective%20heat%20transfers" title=" convective heat transfers"> convective heat transfers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20flows" title=" turbulent flows"> turbulent flows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulations" title=" numerical simulations"> numerical simulations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35110/air-flows-along-perforated-metal-plates-with-the-heat-transfer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35110.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">580</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">79</span> Perforation Analysis of the Aluminum Alloy Sheets Subjected to High Rate of Loading and Heated Using Thermal Chamber: Experimental and Numerical Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bendarma">A. Bendarma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Jankowiak"> T. Jankowiak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Rusinek"> A. Rusinek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Lodygowski"> T. Lodygowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kl%C3%B3sak"> M. Klósak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bouslikhane"> S. Bouslikhane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The analysis of the mechanical characteristics and dynamic behavior of aluminum alloy sheet due to perforation tests based on the experimental tests coupled with the numerical simulation is presented. The impact problems (penetration and perforation) of the metallic plates have been of interest for a long time. Experimental, analytical as well as numerical studies have been carried out to analyze in details the perforation process. Based on these approaches, the ballistic properties of the material have been studied. The initial and residual velocities laser sensor is used during experiments to obtain the ballistic curve and the ballistic limit. The energy balance is also reported together with the energy absorbed by the aluminum including the ballistic curve and ballistic limit. The high speed camera helps to estimate the failure time and to calculate the impact force. A wide range of initial impact velocities from 40 up to 180 m/s has been covered during the tests. The mass of the conical nose shaped projectile is 28 g, its diameter is 12 mm, and the thickness of the aluminum sheet is equal to 1.0 mm. The ABAQUS/Explicit finite element code has been used to simulate the perforation processes. The comparison of the ballistic curve was obtained numerically and was verified experimentally, and the failure patterns are presented using the optimal mesh densities which provide the stability of the results. A good agreement of the numerical and experimental results is observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20alloy" title="aluminum alloy">aluminum alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ballistic%20behavior" title=" ballistic behavior"> ballistic behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure%20criterion" title=" failure criterion"> failure criterion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60677/perforation-analysis-of-the-aluminum-alloy-sheets-subjected-to-high-rate-of-loading-and-heated-using-thermal-chamber-experimental-and-numerical-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60677.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">78</span> Development of a Device for Detecting Fluids in the Esophagus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20J.%20Puertas">F. J. Puertas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Castro"> M. Castro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tebar"> A. Tebar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20J.%20Fito"> P. J. Fito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Gadea"> R. Gadea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20Monz%C3%B3"> J. M. Monzó</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20J.%20Colom"> R. J. Colom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a great diversity of diseases that affect the integrity of the walls of the esophagus, generally of a digestive nature. Among them, gastroesophageal reflux is a common disease in the general population, affecting the patient's quality of life; however, there are still unmet diagnostic and therapeutic issues. The consequences of untreated or asymptomatic acid reflux on the esophageal mucosa are not only pain, heartburn, and acid regurgitation but also an increased risk of esophageal cancer. Currently, the diagnostic methods to detect problems in the esophageal tract are invasive and annoying, as 24-hour impedance-pH monitoring forces the patient to be uncomfortable for hours to be able to make a correct diagnosis. In this work, the development of a sensor able to measure in depth is proposed, allowing the detection of liquids circulating in the esophageal tract. The multisensor detection system is based on radiofrequency photospectrometry. At an experimental level, consumers representative of the population in terms of sex and age have been used, placing the sensors between the trachea and the diaphragm analyzing the measurements in vacuum, water, orange juice and saline medium. The results obtained have allowed us to detect the appearance of different liquid media in the esophagus, segregating them based on their ionic content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioimpedance" title="bioimpedance">bioimpedance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20spectroscopy" title=" dielectric spectroscopy"> dielectric spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastroesophageal%20reflux" title=" gastroesophageal reflux"> gastroesophageal reflux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GERD" title=" GERD"> GERD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177870/development-of-a-device-for-detecting-fluids-in-the-esophagus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177870.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">77</span> Avian Esophagus: A Comparative Microscopic Study In Birds With Different Feeding Habits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20P.%20S.%20Tomar">M. P. S. Tomar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Himanshu%20R.%20Joshi"> Himanshu R. Joshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Jagapathi%20Ramayya"> P. Jagapathi Ramayya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakhi%20Vaish"> Rakhi Vaish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20B.%20Shrivastav"> A. B. Shrivastav </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The morphology of an organ system varies according to the feeding habit, habitat and nature of their life-style. This phenomenon is called adaptation. During evolution these morphological changes make the system species specific so the study on the differential characteristics of them makes the understanding regarding the morpho-physiological adaptation easier. Hence the present study was conducted on esophagus of pariah kite, median egret, goshawk, dove and duck. Esophagus in all birds was comprised of four layers viz. Tunica mucosa, Tunica submucosa, Tunica muscularis and Tunica adventitia. The mucosa of esophagus showed longitudinal folds thus the lumen was irregular. The epithelium was stratified squamous in all birds but in Median egret the cells were large and vacuolated. Among these species very thick epithelium was observed in goshawk and duck but keratinization was highest in dove. The stratum spongiosum was 7-8 layers thick in both Pariah kite and Goshawk. In all birds, the glands were alveolar mucous secreting type. In Median egret and Pariah kite, these were round or oval in shape and with or without lumen depending upon the functional status whereas in Goshawk the shape of the glands varied from spherical / oval to triangular with openings towards the lumen according to the functional activity and in dove these glands were oval in shape. The glands were numerous in number in egret while one or two in each fold in goshawk and less numerous in other three species. The core of the mucosal folds was occupied by the lamina propria and showed large number of collagen fibers and cellular infiltration in pariah kite, egret and dove where as in goshawk and duck, collagen and reticular fibers were fewer and cellular infiltration was lesser. Lamina muscularis was very thick in all species and it was comprised of longitudinally arranged smooth muscle fibers. In Median egret, it was in wavy pattern. Tunica submucosa was very thin in all species. Tunica muscularis was mostly comprised of circular smooth muscle bundles in all species but the longitudinal bundles were very few in number and not continuous. The tunica adventitia was comprised of loose connective tissue fibers containing collagen and elastic fibers with numerous small blood vessels in all species. Further, it was observed that the structure of esophagus in birds varies according to their feeding habits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dove" title="dove">dove</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=duck" title=" duck"> duck</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egret" title=" egret"> egret</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esophagus" title=" esophagus"> esophagus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goshawk" title=" goshawk"> goshawk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kite" title=" kite"> kite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24693/avian-esophagus-a-comparative-microscopic-study-in-birds-with-different-feeding-habits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24693.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">76</span> Biomechanical Assessment of Esophageal Elongation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marta%20Kozu%C5%84">Marta Kozuń</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krystian%20Toczewski"> Krystian Toczewski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sylwester%20Gerus"> Sylwester Gerus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Justyna%20Wolicka"> Justyna Wolicka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamila%20Boberek"> Kamila Boberek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaros%C5%82aw%20Filipiak"> Jarosław Filipiak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dariusz%20Patkowski"> Dariusz Patkowski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Long gap esophageal atresia is a congenital defect and is a challenge for pediatric surgeons all over the world. There are different surgical techniques in use to treat atresia. One of them is esophageal elongation but the optimal suture placement technique to achieve maximum elongation with low-risk complications is still unknown. The aim of the study was to characterize the process of esophageal elongation from the biomechanical point of view. Esophagi of white Pekin Duck was used as a model based on the size of this animal which is similar to a newborn (2.5-4kg). The specimens were divided into two groups: the control group (CG) and the group with sutures (SG). The esophagi of the control group were mounted in the grips of the MTS Tytron 250 testing machine and tensile test until rupture was performed. The loading speed during the test was 10mm/min. Then the SG group was tested. Each esophagus was cut into two equal parts and that were fused together using surgical sutures. The distance between both esophagus parts was 20mm. Ten both ends were mounted on the same testing machine and the tensile test with the same parameters was conducted. For all specimens, force and elongation were recorded. The biomechanical properties, i.e., the maximal force and maximal elongation, were determined on the basis of force-elongation curves. The maximal elongation was determined at the point of maximal force. The force achieved with the suture group was 10.1N±1.9N and 50.3N±11.6N for the control group. The highest elongation was also obtained for the control group: 18mm±3mm vs. 13.5mm ±2.4mm for the suture group. The presented study expands the knowledge of elongation of esophagi. It is worth emphasizing that the duck esophagus differs from the esophagus of a newborn, i.e., its wall lacks striated muscle cells. This is why the parts of animal esophagi used in the research are may characterized by different biomechanical properties in comparison with newborn tissue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long%20gap%20atresia%20treatment" title="long gap atresia treatment">long gap atresia treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esophageal%20elongation" title=" esophageal elongation"> esophageal elongation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomechanical%20properties" title=" biomechanical properties"> biomechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20tissue" title=" soft tissue"> soft tissue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148119/biomechanical-assessment-of-esophageal-elongation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">75</span> A Simple Technique for Centralisation of Distal Femoral Nail to Avoid Anterior Femoral Impingement and Perforation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Panwalkar">P. Panwalkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Veravalli"> K. Veravalli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Tofighi"> M. Tofighi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mofidi"> A. Mofidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Anterior femoral perforation or distal anterior nail position is a known complication of femoral nailing specifically in pertrochantric fractures fixed with cephalomedullary nail. This has been attributed to wrong entry point for the femoral nail, nail with large radius of curvature or malreduced fracture. Left alone anterior perforation of femur or abutment of nail on anterior femur will result in pain and risk stress riser at distal femur and periprosthetic fracture. There have been multiple techniques described to avert or correct this problem ranging from using different nail, entry point change, poller screw to deflect the nail position, use of shorter nail or use of curved guidewire or change of nail to ensure a nail with large radius of curvature Methods: We present this technique which we have used in order to centralise the femoral nail either when the nail has been put anteriorly or when the guide wire has been inserted too anteriorly prior to the insertion of the nail. This technique requires the use of femoral reduction spool from the nailing set. This technique was used by eight trainees of different level of experience under supervision. Results: This technique was easily reproducible without any learning curve without a need for opening of fracture site or change in the entry point with three different femoral nailing sets in twenty-five cases. The process took less than 10 minutes even when revising a malpositioned femoral nail. Conclusion: Our technique of using femoral reduction spool is easily reproducible and repeatable technique for avoidance of non-centralised femoral nail insertion and distal anterior perforation of femoral nail. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=femoral%20fracture" title="femoral fracture">femoral fracture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nailing" title=" nailing"> nailing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malposition" title=" malposition"> malposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surgery" title=" surgery"> surgery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146872/a-simple-technique-for-centralisation-of-distal-femoral-nail-to-avoid-anterior-femoral-impingement-and-perforation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">74</span> Designing an Automatic Mechanical System to Prevent Cancers Caused by Drinks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghasem%20Yazadani">Ghasem Yazadani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamidreza%20Ahmadi"> Hamidreza Ahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Ahmadi"> Masoud Ahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajad%20Rezazadeh"> Sajad Rezazadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper with designing and proposing a compound of a heating and cooling system has been tried to show effect of this system on preventing esophagus cancer that can be caused by hot and cold drinks such as tea, coffee and ice water. This system has been simulated mechanically by fluent software and also has been validated by experimental way and a comprehensive result has been presented. Both of solution ways show that this system can reduce or increase temperature of drink to safe very dramatically and it can be a huge step toward consuming drinks safely and also it can be efficient about time issues. The system consists of a temperature sensor and an electronic controller that has a computer program to act automatically this task. Also this system has been presented after many different simulations and has been tried to find the best one in the point view of velocity of heating and cooling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluent" title="fluent">fluent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controller" title=" controller"> controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esophagus%20cancer" title=" esophagus cancer"> esophagus cancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9185/designing-an-automatic-mechanical-system-to-prevent-cancers-caused-by-drinks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">73</span> Deep Neck Infection Associated with Peritoneal Sepsis: A Rare Death Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sait%20Ozsoy">Sait Ozsoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asude%20Gokmen"> Asude Gokmen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehtap%20Yondem"> Mehtap Yondem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanife%20A.%20Alkan"> Hanife A. Alkan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulnaz%20T.%20Javan"> Gulnaz T. Javan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Deep neck infection often develops due to upper respiratory tract and odontogenic infections. Gastrointestinal System perforation can occur for many reasons and is in need of the early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment. In both cases late or incorrect diagnosis may lead to increase morbidity and high mortality. A patient with a diagnosis of deep neck abscess died while under treatment due to sepsis and multiple organ failure. Autopsy finding showed duodenal ulcer and this is reported in the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peptic%20ulcer%20perforation" title="peptic ulcer perforation">peptic ulcer perforation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peritonitis" title=" peritonitis"> peritonitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retropharyngeal%20abscess" title=" retropharyngeal abscess"> retropharyngeal abscess</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sepsis" title=" sepsis"> sepsis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28978/deep-neck-infection-associated-with-peritoneal-sepsis-a-rare-death-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28978.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">498</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">72</span> A Novel Co-Culture System for the Cementoblastic Differentiation of SHED</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manal%20Farea">Manal Farea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Husein"> Adam Husein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20S.%20Halim"> Ahmad S. Halim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zurairah%20Berahim"> Zurairah Berahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20A.%20Abdullah"> Nurul A. Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khairani%20I.%20Mokhtar"> Khairani I. Mokhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kasmawati%20Mokhtar"> Kasmawati Mokhtar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Endodontic furcal perforation remains both an endodontic and a periodontal problem. Regeneration of cementum is very essential for the perforation repair. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells on the cementogenic differentiation of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in the presence of chitosan scaffold-TGFβ1. HERS cells were isolated and characterized then co-cultured with SHED with/without chitosan scaffold-TGFβ1. SHED proliferation was assessed by PrestoBlue. Alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization behaviour and gene/protein expression of cemento/osteoblast phenotype of SHED were evaluated. Results of the present study showed that HERS cells in association with chitosan-TGFβ1 enhanced proliferation and cemento/osteogenic differentiation of SHED. Our novel co-culture system confirmed the potential effect of HERS cells to stimulate the differentiation of SHED along the cementoblastic lineage which was triggered in the presence of chitosan-TGFβ1. This approach possesses a novel therapeutic strategy for future endodontic perforation and periodontitis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cementogenesis" title="cementogenesis">cementogenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-culture%20system" title=" co-culture system"> co-culture system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HERS" title=" HERS"> HERS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SHED" title=" SHED"> SHED</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34836/a-novel-co-culture-system-for-the-cementoblastic-differentiation-of-shed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34836.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">542</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> Association of Mir-196a Expression in Esophageal Tissue with Barrett´s Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petra%20Borilova%20Linhartova">Petra Borilova Linhartova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michaela%20Ruckova"> Michaela Ruckova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabina%20Sevcikova"> Sabina Sevcikova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalie%20Mlcuchova"> Natalie Mlcuchova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Bohm"> Jan Bohm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katerina%20Zukalova"> Katerina Zukalova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monika%20Vlachova"> Monika Vlachova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiri%20Dolina"> Jiri Dolina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lumir%20Kunovsky"> Lumir Kunovsky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radek%20Kroupa"> Radek Kroupa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zdenek%20Pavlovsky"> Zdenek Pavlovsky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zdenek%20Danek"> Zdenek Danek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tereza%20Deissova"> Tereza Deissova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lydie%20Izakovicova%20Holla"> Lydie Izakovicova Holla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ondrej%20Slaby">Ondrej Slaby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zdenek%20Kala"> Zdenek Kala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that frequently develops from Barrett's esophagus (BE), a premalignant pathologic change occurring in the lower end of the esophagus. Specific microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that function as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression, were repeatedly proved to play key roles in the pathogenesis of these diseases. This pilot study aimed to analyze four selected miRNAs in esophageal tissues from healthy controls (HC) and patients with reflux esophagitis (RE)/BE/EAC, as well as to compare expression at the site of Barrett's mucosa/adenocarcinoma and healthy esophageal tissue outside the area of the main pathology in patients with BE/EAC. In this pilot study, 22 individuals (3 HC, 8 RE, 5 BE, 6 EAC) were included and endoscopically examined. RNA was isolated from the fresh-frozen esophageal tissue (stored in the RNAlater™ Stabilization Solution −70°C) using the AllPrep DNA/RNA/miRNA Universal Kit. Subsequent RT-qPCR analysis was performed using selected TaqMan MicroRNA Assays for miR-21, miR-34a, miR-196a, miR-196b, and endogenous control (RNU44). While the expression of miR-21 in the esophageal tissue with the main pathology was decreased in BE and EAC patients in comparison to the group of HC and RE patients (p=0.01), the expression of miR-196a was increased in the BE and EAC patients (p<0.01). Correlations between those miRNAs expression in tissue and severity of diagnosis were observed (p<0.05). In addition, miR-196a was significantly more expressed at the site with the main pathology than in paired adjacent esophageal tissue in BE and EAC patients (p<0.01). In conclusion, our pilot results showed that miR-196a, which regulates the proliferation, invasion, and migration (and was previously associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and marked as a potential therapeutic target), could be a diagnostic tissue biomarker for BE and EAC as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microRNA" title="microRNA">microRNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barrett%C2%B4s%20esophagus" title=" barrett´s esophagus"> barrett´s esophagus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esophageal%20adenocarcinoma" title=" esophageal adenocarcinoma"> esophageal adenocarcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarker" title=" biomarker"> biomarker</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149454/association-of-mir-196a-expression-in-esophageal-tissue-with-barretts-esophagus-and-esophageal-adenocarcinoma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149454.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> Investigation of Enhanced Geothermal System with CO2 as Working Fluid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruina%20Xu">Ruina Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peixue%20Jiang"> Peixue Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng%20Luo"> Feng Luo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The novel concept of enhanced geothermal system with CO2 instead of water as working fluid (CO2-EGS) has attracted wide attention due to additional benefit of CO2 geological storage during the power generation process. In this research, numerical investigation on a doublet CO2-EGS system is performed, focusing on the influence of the injection/production well perforation location in the targeted geothermal reservoir. Three different reservoir inlet and outlet boundary conditions are used in simulations since the well constrains are different in reality. The results show that CO2-EGS system performance of power generation and power cost vary greatly among cases of different wells perforation locations, and the optimum options under different boundary conditions are also different. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enhanced%20Geothermal%20System" title="Enhanced Geothermal System">Enhanced Geothermal System</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercritical%20CO2" title=" supercritical CO2"> supercritical CO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2-EGS" title=" CO2-EGS"> CO2-EGS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2713/investigation-of-enhanced-geothermal-system-with-co2-as-working-fluid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Liquid Unloading of Wells with Scaled Perforation via Batch Foamers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erwin%20Chan">Erwin Chan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aravind%20Subramaniyan"> Aravind Subramaniyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Abdullah%20Fatehah"> Siti Abdullah Fatehah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steve%20Lian%20Kuling"> Steve Lian Kuling</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Foam assisted lift technology is proven across the industry to provide efficient deliquification in gas wells. Such deliquification is typically achieved by delivering the foamer chemical downhole via capillary strings. In highly liquid loaded wells where capillary strings are not readily available, foamer can be delivered via batch injection or bull-heading. The latter techniques differ from the former in that cap strings allow for liquid to be unloaded continuously, whereas foamer batches require that periodic batching be conducted for the liquid to be unloaded. Although batch injection allows for liquid to be unloaded in wells with suitable water to gas (WGR) ratio and condensate to gas (CGR) ratio without well intervention for capillary string installation, this technique comes with its own set of challenges - for foamer to de-liquify liquids, the chemical needs to reach perforation locations where gas bubbling is observed. In highly scaled perforation zones in certain wells, foamer delivered in batches is unable to reach the gas bubbling zone, thus achieving poor lift efficiency. This paper aims to discuss the techniques and challenges for unloading liquid via batch injection in scaled perforation wells X and Y, whose WGR is 6bbl/MMscf, whose scale build-up is observed at the bottom of perforation interval, whose water column is 400 feet, and whose ‘bubbling zone’ is less than 100 feet. Variables such as foamer Z dosage, batching technique, and well flow control valve opening times are manipulated during the duration of the trial to achieve maximum liquid unloading and gas rates. During the field trial, the team has found optimal values between the three aforementioned parameters for best unloading results, in which each cycle’s gas and liquid rates are compared with baselines with similar flowing tubing head pressures (FTHP). It is discovered that amongst other factors, a good agitation technique is a primary determinant for efficient liquid unloading. An average increment of 2MMscf/d against an average production of 4MMscf/d at stable FTHP is recorded during the trial. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foam" title="foam">foam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foamer" title=" foamer"> foamer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20lift" title=" gas lift"> gas lift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20unloading" title=" liquid unloading"> liquid unloading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scale" title=" scale"> scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batch%20injection" title=" batch injection"> batch injection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137524/liquid-unloading-of-wells-with-scaled-perforation-via-batch-foamers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> The Side Effect of the Perforation Shape towards Behaviour Flexural in Castellated Beam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harrys%20Purnama">Harrys Purnama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wardatul%20Jannah"> Wardatul Jannah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizkia%20Nita%20Hawari"> Rizkia Nita Hawari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the development of the times, there are many materials used to plan a building structure. Steel became one of the most widely used materials in building construction that works as the main structure. Steel Castellated Beam is a type of innovation in the use of steel in building construction. Steel Castellated Beam is a beam that used for long span construction (more than 10 meters). The Castellated Beam is two steel profiles that unified into one to get the appropriate profile height (more than 10 meters). The profile is perforated to minimize the profile's weight, increase the rate, save costs, and have architectural value. The perforations shape in the Castellated Beam can be circular, elliptical, hexagonal, and rectangular. The Castellated beam has a height (h) almost 50% higher than the initial profile thus increasing the axial bending value and the moment of inertia (Iₓ). In this analysis, there are 3 specimens were used with 12.1 meters span of Castellated Beam as the sample with varied perforation, such us round, hexagon, and octagon. Castellated Beam testing system is done with computer-based applications that named Staad Pro V8i. It is to provide a central load in the middle of the steel beam span. It aims to determine the effect of perforation on bending behavior on the steel Castellated Beam by applying some form of perforations on the steel Castellated Beam with test specimen WF 200.100.5.5.8. From the analysis, results found the behavior of steel Castellated Beam when receiving such central load. From the results of the analysis will be obtained the amount of load, shear, strain, and Δ (deflection). The result of analysis by using Staad Pro V8i shows that with the different form of perforations on the profile of Castellated steel, then we get the different tendency of inertia moment. From the analysis, results obtained the moment of the greatest inertia can increase the stiffness of Castellated steel. By increasing the stiffness of the steel Castellated Beam the deflection will be smaller, so it can withstand the moment and a large strength. The results of the analysis show that the most effective and efficient perforations are the steel beam with a hexagon perforation shape. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Castellated%20Beam" title="Castellated Beam">Castellated Beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20moment%20of%20inertia" title=" the moment of inertia"> the moment of inertia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deflection" title=" deflection"> deflection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20test" title=" bending test"> bending test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90019/the-side-effect-of-the-perforation-shape-towards-behaviour-flexural-in-castellated-beam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Stomach Perforation, due to Chronic External Pressure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angelis%20P.%20Barlampas">Angelis P. Barlampas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the important role of taking an appropriate and detailed history, in order to reach the best possible diagnostic conclusion. MATERIAL: A patient presented to the emergency department due to the sudden onset of continuous abdominal pain, during the last hour and with the clinical symptoms of an acute abdomen. During the clinical examination, signs of peritoneal irritation and diffuse abdominal tenderness were found. The rest of the clinical and laboratory tests did not reveal anything important. From the reported medical history, nothing of note was found, except for the report of a large liver cyst, for which he was advised not to take any further action, except from regular ultrasound examination . METHOD: A computed tomography examination was performed after per os administration of gastrografin, which revealed a hyperdense ascitic effusion, similar in density to that of gastrografin within the intestinal tract. The presence of a large cyst of the left hepatic lobe was confirmed, contacting and pushing against the stomach. In the area of the contact between the liver cyst and the pylorus, there were extraluminal air bubbles and local opacity of the peritoneal fat, with a small hyperdense effusion. Result : The above, as well as the absence of a history of stomach ulcer or recent trauma, or other pathology, argue in favor of acute pyloric perforation, due to mural necrosis, in response to chronic external pressure from the pre-existing large liver cyst. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perforation" title="perforation">perforation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stomach" title=" stomach"> stomach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20liver%20cyst" title=" large liver cyst"> large liver cyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CT%20abdomen" title=" CT abdomen"> CT abdomen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20abdominal%20pain" title=" acute abdominal pain"> acute abdominal pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intraperitoneal%20leakage" title=" intraperitoneal leakage"> intraperitoneal leakage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constrast%20leakage" title=" constrast leakage"> constrast leakage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170426/stomach-perforation-due-to-chronic-external-pressure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> Thermal Performance of Radial Heat Sinks for LED Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jongchul%20Park">Jongchul Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chan%20Byon"> Chan Byon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the thermal performance of radial heat sinks for LED applications is investigated numerically and experimentally. The effect of geometrical parameters such as inner radius, fin height, fin length, and fin spacing, as well as the Elenbaas number, is considered. In addition, the effects of augmentation of concentric ring, perforation, and duct are extensively explored in order to enhance the thermal performance of conventional radial heat sink. The results indicate that the Elenbaas number and the fin radius have a significant effect on the thermal performance of the heat sink. The concentric ring affects the performance much, but the degree of affection is highly dependent on the orientation. The perforation always brings about higher thermal performance. The duct can effectively prevent the bypass of the natural convection flow, which in turn reduces the thermal resistance of the radial heat sink significantly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title="heat transfer">heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radial%20heat%20sink" title=" radial heat sink"> radial heat sink</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LED" title=" LED"> LED</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elenbaas" title=" Elenbaas"> Elenbaas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36553/thermal-performance-of-radial-heat-sinks-for-led-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Mannequin Evaluation of 3D-Printed Intermittent Oro-Esophageal Tube Guide for Dysphagia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yujin%20Jeong">Yujin Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youkyung%20Son"> Youkyung Son</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myounghwan%20Choi"> Myounghwan Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanghyub%20Lee"> Sanghyub Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangyeol%20Lee"> Sangyeol Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changho%20Hwang"> Changho Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyo-in%20Koo"> Kyo-in Koo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dysphasia is difficulty in swallowing food because of oral cavity impairments induced by stroke, muscle damage, tumor. Intermittent oro-esophageal (IOE) tube feeding is one of the well-known feeding methods for the dysphasia patients. However, it is hard to insert at the proper position in esophagus. In this study, we design and fabricate the IOE tube guide using 3-dimensional (3D) printer. The printed IOE tube is tested in a mannequin (Airway Management Trainer, Co., Ltd., Copenhagen, Denmark) mimicking human’s esophagus. The gag reflex point is measured as the design point in the mannequin. To avoid the gag reflex, we design various shapes of IOE tube guide. One structure is separated into three parts; biting part, part through oral cavity, connecting part to oro-esophageal. We designed 6 types of IOE tube guide adjusting length and angle of these three parts. To evaluate the IOE tube guide, it is inserted in the mannequin, and through the inserted guide, an endoscopic camera successfully arrived at the oro-esophageal. We had planned to apply this mannequin-based design experience to patients in near future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dysphagia" title="dysphagia">dysphagia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feeding%20method" title=" feeding method"> feeding method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IOE%20tube%20guide" title=" IOE tube guide"> IOE tube guide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3-D%20printer" title=" 3-D printer"> 3-D printer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49780/mannequin-evaluation-of-3d-printed-intermittent-oro-esophageal-tube-guide-for-dysphagia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Electromagnetic Simulation of Underground Cable Perforation by Nail </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Nour%20El%20Islam%20Ayad">Ahmed Nour El Islam Ayad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahar%20Rouibah"> Tahar Rouibah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafa%20Krika"> Wafa Krika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houari%20Boudjella"> Houari Boudjella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larab%20Moulay"> Larab Moulay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farid%20Benhamida"> Farid Benhamida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selma%20Benmoussa"> Selma Benmoussa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to evaluate the electromagnetic field of an underground cable of very high voltage perforated by nail. The aim of this work shows a numerical simulation of the electromagnetic field of 400 kV line after perforation through a ferrous nail in four positions for the pinch pin at different distances. From results for a longitudinal section, we observe and evaluate the distribution and the variation of the electromagnetic field in the cable and the earth. When the nail approaches the underground power cable, the distribution of the magnetic field changes and takes several forms, the magnetic field increase and become very important when the nail breaks the metal screen and will produce a significant leak of the electric field, characterized by a large electric arc and or electric discharge to earth and then a fault in the electrical network. These electromagnetic analysis results help to detect defects in underground cables. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground" title="underground">underground</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic" title=" electromagnetic"> electromagnetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nail" title=" nail"> nail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defect" title=" defect"> defect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114023/electromagnetic-simulation-of-underground-cable-perforation-by-nail" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114023.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Endoscopic Depiction and Treatment Evaluation of Spirocerca lupi in Dogs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ELdessouky%20Sheta">ELdessouky Sheta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayed%20Elzomor"> Sayed Elzomor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haithem%20Farghali"> Haithem Farghali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kawkab%20A.%20Ahmed"> Kawkab A. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naglaa%20A.%20Abd%20Elkader"> Naglaa A. Abd Elkader</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present investigation has been dealt with Spirocerca (S.) lupi infested mongrel dogs. This parasitic disease is highly infective to human beings and carnivores. The diagnosis march has been comprised the lateral contrast thoracic radiographs, fecal examination, blood profile, endoscopic examination and histopathological sections of deep seated pinch biopsies. These infested dogs have been put under an adopted treatment with Ivermectin injection combined with oral prednisolone. The obtained results reveal an absence of the pessimistic recognitions particularly after 3 weeks from the onset of treatment. Endoscopically the presented esophageal nodules are marked out in the distal third of infested dogs' esophagus as masses assigned into the esophageal lumen and fundus of stomach. The endoscopic outlook of Spirocerca lupi lesions has been considered an integral procedure of the diagnostic march and for evaluation of treatment follow up. The diagnostic procedures and the recommended treatment are the vet's guidance to care for Spirocerca lupi in dogs, hoping in future to prevent this disease from being spread among human beings and other carnivores. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endoscopy" title="endoscopy">endoscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esophagus" title=" esophagus"> esophagus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stomach%20spirocercosis" title=" stomach spirocercosis"> stomach spirocercosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dogs" title=" dogs"> dogs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48937/endoscopic-depiction-and-treatment-evaluation-of-spirocerca-lupi-in-dogs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48937.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> The Nursing Experience for an Intestinal Perforation Elderly with a Temporary Enterostomy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsiu-Chuan%20Hsueh">Hsiu-Chuan Hsueh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuei-Feng%20Shen%20Jr."> Kuei-Feng Shen Jr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Ling%20Chao"> Chia-Ling Chao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui-Chuan%20Pan"> Hui-Chuan Pan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article described a 75 years old woman who has suffered from intestinal perforation and accepted surgery with temporary enterostomy, the operation makes her depressed, refused relatives and friend's care, facing low willingness to participate in various activities due to fear of changing body appearance caused by surgery and leave enterostomy. The author collected information through observation talks, physical evaluation, and medical records during the period of care from November 14 to November 30, 2016, we used the four aspects of physiology, psychology, society and spirituality as a whole sexual assessment to establish the nursing problems of patient, included of acute pain, disturbance of body image,coping ineffective individual. For patient care issues, to encouraged case to express their inner feelings and take part in self-care programs through providing good therapeutic interpersonal relationships with their families. However, it provided clear information about the disease and follow-up treatment plan, give compliments in a timely manner, enhanced self-confidence of individual cases and their motivation to participate in self-care of stoma, further face the disease in a positive manner. At the same time, cross-section team care model and individual care measures were developed to enhance the care skills after returning home and at the same time assist the individual in facing the psychological impact caused by stoma. Hope to provide this experience, as a reference for the future care of the disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterostomy" title="enterostomy">enterostomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intestinal%20perforation" title=" intestinal perforation"> intestinal perforation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nursing%20experience" title=" nursing experience"> nursing experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ostomy" title=" ostomy"> ostomy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96851/the-nursing-experience-for-an-intestinal-perforation-elderly-with-a-temporary-enterostomy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96851.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Esophageal Premalignant and Malignant Epithelial Lesions: Pathological Characteristics and Value of Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression. </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20Mohamed%20Abd%20Elmoneim">Hanan Mohamed Abd Elmoneim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rawan%20Saleh%20AlJawi"> Rawan Saleh AlJawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Razan%20Saleh%20AlJawi"> Razan Saleh AlJawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aseel%20Abdullah%20AlMasoudi"> Aseel Abdullah AlMasoudi </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zyad%20Adnan%20Turkistani"> Zyad Adnan Turkistani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anas%20Abdulkarim%20Alkhoutani"> Anas Abdulkarim Alkhoutani </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ohood%20Musaed%20AlJuhani"> Ohood Musaed AlJuhani </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20Attiyah%20AlZahrani"> Hanan Attiyah AlZahrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide. More than 90% of esophageal cancers are either squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. Squamous dysplasia is a precancerous lesion for squamous cell carcinoma and Barrett's esophagus is the precancerous lesion for adenocarcinoma. Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the initiation factor for Barrett's esophagus. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in arachidonic metabolism. It appears to play an important role in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. COX-2 activity may be a potential target for the prevention of cancer progression by selective COX-2 inhibitors, which decrease proliferation and increase apoptosis. Objectives To assess COX-2 expression in premalignant and malignant esophageal epitheliums changes and detect its roles in progression of these lesions. Materials and Methods We analyzed the expression of COX-2 immunohistochemically in 40 esophageal biopsies utilizing the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method on archival formalin fixed-paraffin embedded blocks. Histopathologically, 17 (42.5%) of cases were non-malignant cases which included GERD, Barrett's esophagus and squamous dysplasia. The malignant cases were 23 (57.5%) squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma. Results In non-malignant cases 7 (41.2%) out of 17 cases had high COX-2 expression. In squamous cell carcinoma 10 (83.3%) out of 12 cases had high COX-2 expression. The expression of COX-2 was high in all 9 (100%) cases of adenocarcinoma. COX-2 expression is significantly increased (P=0.005 and P=0.0001) in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma respectively. There was a significant difference in COX-2 immunoreactivity between malignant and non-malignant lesions (P=0.0003). Conclusion COX-2 is responsible for the progression of esophageal diseases from benign to malignant. We recommend that COX-2 immunohistochemistry should be done routinely for premalignant and malignant esophageal lesions as selective COX-2 inhibitors will be helpful in the treatment. Further studies on molecular and genetic basis of COX-2 expression are needed to unmask its role and relation to progression of esophageal lesions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cox-2" title="Cox-2">Cox-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esophageal%20adinocarcinoma" title=" Esophageal adinocarcinoma"> Esophageal adinocarcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esophageal%20squamous%20cell%20carcinoma" title=" Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma"> Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Immunohistochemistry." title=" Immunohistochemistry. "> Immunohistochemistry. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43810/esophageal-premalignant-and-malignant-epithelial-lesions-pathological-characteristics-and-value-of-cyclooxygenase-2-expression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Association of a Genetic Polymorphism in Cytochrome P450, Family 1 with Risk of Developing Esophagus Squamous Cell Carcinoma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soodabeh%20Shahid%20Sales">Soodabeh Shahid Sales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azam%20Rastgar%20Moghadam"> Azam Rastgar Moghadam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrane%20%20Mehramiz"> Mehrane Mehramiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malihe%20Entezari"> Malihe Entezari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazem%20%20Anvari"> Kazem Anvari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Sadegh%20%20Khorrami"> Mohammad Sadegh Khorrami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeideh%20%20Ahmadi%20Simab"> Saeideh Ahmadi Simab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Moradi"> Ali Moradi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Mahdi%20Hassanian"> Seyed Mahdi Hassanian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Ghayour-Mobarhan"> Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gordon%20A.%20%20Ferns"> Gordon A. Ferns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Avan"> Amir Avan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background Esophageal cancer has been reported as the eighth most common cancer universal and the seventh cause of cancer-related death in men .recent studies have revealed that cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1, which plays a role in metabolizing xenobiotics, is associated with different cancers. Therefore in the present study, we investigated the impact of CYP1B1-rs1056836 on esophagus squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. Method: 317 subjects, with and without ESCC were recruited. DNA was extracted and genotyped via Real-time PCR-Based Taq Man. Kaplan Meier curves were utilized to assess overall and progression-free survival. To evaluate the relationship between patients clinicopathological data, genotypic frequencies, disease prognosis, and patients survival, Pearson chi-square and t-test were used. Logistic regression was utilized to assess the association between the risk of ESCC and genotypes. Results: the genotypic frequency for GG, GC, and CC are respectively 58.6% , 29.8%, 11.5% in the healthy group and 51.8%, 36.14% and 12% in ESCC group. With respect to the recessive genetic inheritance model, an association between the GG genotype and stage of ESCC were found. Also, statistically significant results were not found for this variation and risk of ESCC. Patients with GG genotype had a decreased risk of nodal metastasis in comparison with patients with CC/CG genotype, although this link was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our findings illustrated the correlation of CYP1B1-rs1056836 as a potential biomarker for ESCC patients, supporting further studies in larger populations in different ethnic groups. Moreover, further investigations are warranted to evaluate the association of emerging marker with dietary intake and lifestyle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cytochrome%20P450" title="Cytochrome P450">Cytochrome P450</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esophagus%20squamous%20cell%20carcinoma" title=" esophagus squamous cell carcinoma"> esophagus squamous cell carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dietary%20intake" title=" dietary intake"> dietary intake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifestyle" title=" lifestyle"> lifestyle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85909/association-of-a-genetic-polymorphism-in-cytochrome-p450-family-1-with-risk-of-developing-esophagus-squamous-cell-carcinoma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85909.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Terminal Ballistic Analysis of Non-Filled and Water-Filled Tank</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Aziz">M. R. Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Kuntjoro"> W. Kuntjoro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20V.%20David"> N. V. David</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the ballistic terminal study of the non-filled and water-filled aluminum tank. The objective was to determine the failure stages for both cases. The tank was impacted by fragment simulating projectile (FSP) with 260 m/s for non-filled and 972 m/s for water-filled. The aluminum tank was 3 mm thick, 150 mm wide and 750 mm long. The ends of the tank were closed with two polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) windows. The test was conducted at the Science and Technology Research Institute for Defense (STRIDE) Batu Arang, Selangor, Malaysia. The results showed four main stages for non-filled tank, which were first contact between FSP and the tank, partially perforated, fully perforated with FSP and plug still intact and lastly fully perforated with FSP and plug separated. Meanwhile, for the water-filled tank, there were seven main stages, which were first contact between FSP and the tank, partial perforation, full perforation, drag phase, cavity phase, bounce wave event and the collapse of the cavity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fragment%20simulating%20projectile" title="fragment simulating projectile">fragment simulating projectile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20speed%20camera" title=" high speed camera"> high speed camera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20test" title=" tensile test"> tensile test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terminal%20ballistic" title=" terminal ballistic"> terminal ballistic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4371/terminal-ballistic-analysis-of-non-filled-and-water-filled-tank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Current Status of Ir-192 Brachytherapy in Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Safiqul%20Islam">M. Safiqul Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md%20Arafat%20Hossain%20Sarkar"> Md Arafat Hossain Sarkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Brachytherapy is one of the most important cancer treatment management systems in radiotherapy department. Brachytherapy treatment is moved into High Dose Rate (HDR) after loader from Low Dose Rate (LDR) after loader due to radiation protection advantage. HDR Brachytherapy is a highly multipurpose system for enhancing cure and achieving palliation in many common cancers disease of developing countries. High-dose rate (HDR) Brachytherapy is a type of internal radiation therapy that delivers radiation from implants placed close to or inside, the tumor(s) in the body. This procedure is very effective at providing localized radiation to the tumor site while minimizing the patient’s whole body dose. Brachytherapy has proven to be a highly successful treatment for cancers of the prostate, cervix, endometrium, breast, skin, bronchus, esophagus, and head and neck, as well as soft tissue sarcomas and several other types of cancer. For the time being in our country we have 10 new HDR Remote after loading Brachytherapy. Right now 4 HDR Brachytherapy is already installed and running for patient’s treatment out of 10 HDR Brachytherapy. Ir-192 source is more comfortable than Co-60. In that case people or expert personnel prefer Ir-192 source for different kind of cancer patients. Ir-192 are economically, more flexible and familiar in our country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ir-192" title="Ir-192">Ir-192</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brachytherapy" title=" brachytherapy"> brachytherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20treatment" title=" cancer treatment"> cancer treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prostate" title=" prostate"> prostate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervix" title=" cervix"> cervix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endometrium" title=" endometrium"> endometrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast" title=" breast"> breast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin" title=" skin"> skin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bronchus" title=" bronchus"> bronchus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esophagus" title=" esophagus"> esophagus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20tissue%20sarcomas" title=" soft tissue sarcomas"> soft tissue sarcomas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36743/current-status-of-ir-192-brachytherapy-in-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36743.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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