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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Verse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sexuality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retirement_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retirement_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Retirement and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retirement_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quotations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quotations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Quotations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quotations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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class="mw-page-title-main">Maurice Bowra</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Μόρις Μπόουρα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μόρις Μπόουρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Bowra" title="Maurice Bowra – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maurice Bowra" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Bowra" title="Maurice Bowra – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Maurice Bowra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Bowra" title="Maurice Bowra – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Maurice Bowra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ماوريس بورا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماوريس بورا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Bowra" title="Maurice Bowra – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Maurice Bowra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Maurice_Bowra" title="Cecil Maurice Bowra – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cecil Maurice Bowra" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0,_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Боура, Сесил Морис – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Боура, Сесил Морис" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Морис Баура – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Морис Баура" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Bowra" title="Maurice Bowra – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Maurice Bowra" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q443786#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">Sir</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Cecil Maurice Bowra</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of Honour">CH</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Maurice_Bowra_and_computer.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/11/Maurice_Bowra_and_computer.tiff/lossless-page1-220px-Maurice_Bowra_and_computer.tiff.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/11/Maurice_Bowra_and_computer.tiff/lossless-page1-330px-Maurice_Bowra_and_computer.tiff.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/11/Maurice_Bowra_and_computer.tiff/lossless-page1-440px-Maurice_Bowra_and_computer.tiff.png 2x" data-file-width="312" data-file-height="319" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Maurice Bowra being shown a computer in 1965<sup id="cite_ref-Louis2013_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Louis2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Vice-Chancellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-Chancellor">Vice-Chancellor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1951–1954</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Lowe_(Dean_of_Christ_Church)" title="John Lowe (Dean of Christ Church)">John Lowe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alic_Halford_Smith" title="Alic Halford Smith">Alic Halford Smith</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1898-04-08</span>)</span>8 April 1898<br /><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">4 July 1971<span style="display:none">(1971-07-04)</span> (aged 73)<br />Oxford, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_College,_Oxford" title="New College, Oxford">New College</a>, Oxford</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1917–1918</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Field_Artillery" title="Royal Field Artillery">Royal Field Artillery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> First World War <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Ypres" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Battle of Ypres">Third Battle of Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Battle of Cambrai (1917)">Battle of Cambrai (1917)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludendorff_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludendorff Offensive">Ludendorff Offensive</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir Cecil Maurice Bowra</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of Honour">CH</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a></span></span> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/aʊ/: 'ou' in 'mouth'">aʊ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; 8 April 1898 – 4 July 1971) was an English classical scholar, literary critic and academic, known for his <a href="/wiki/Wit" title="Wit">wit</a>. He was <a href="/wiki/Warden_(college)" title="Warden (college)">Warden</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wadham_College,_Oxford" title="Wadham College, Oxford">Wadham College, Oxford</a>, from 1938 to 1970, and served as <a href="/wiki/Vice-chancellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-chancellor">vice-chancellor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> from 1951 to 1954. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Bowra&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth_and_boyhood">Birth and boyhood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Bowra&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Birth and boyhood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bowra was born in <a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a>, China, to English parents.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, Cecil Arthur Verner Bowra (1869–1947), who worked for the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Imperial_Maritime_Customs" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs">Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had been born in <a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his paternal grandfather, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Charles_Bowra" title="Edward Charles Bowra">Edward Charles Bowra</a>, had also worked for the Chinese Customs, after serving in the <a href="/wiki/Ever_Victorious_Army" title="Ever Victorious Army">Ever Victorious Army</a> under "<a href="/wiki/Chinese_Gordon" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Gordon">Chinese Gordon</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after Bowra's birth his father was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty port">treaty port</a> of <a href="/wiki/Niuzhuang" class="mw-redirect" title="Niuzhuang">Niuzhuang</a>, and the family lived there for the first five years of Bowra's life,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except during the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a>, in the summer of 1900, when Bowra was evacuated to Japan along with his mother, his elder brother, Edward, and other women and children of the European community.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The family returned to Britain in 1903, travelling via Japan and the United States, and settled in the <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> countryside.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bowra later said he had been fluent in <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a>, but forgot the language after settling in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bowra's parents went back to China in February 1905, leaving their children in the care of their paternal grandmother, who, having been widowed, lived with her second husband, a clergyman, in <a href="/wiki/Putney" title="Putney">Putney</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time the boys received tuition from Ella Dell, sister of the writer <a href="/wiki/Ethel_M._Dell" title="Ethel M. Dell">Ethel M. Dell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The boys also attended a <a href="/wiki/Preparatory_school_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Preparatory school (UK)">preparatory school</a> in Putney, where Maurice came first in all classes except arithmetic.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his time at this school Bowra began his classical education with lessons from Cecil Botting, a master at <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_School_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="St Paul's School (London)">St Paul's School</a><sup id="cite_ref-lloydjones23_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lloydjones23-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and father of the writer <a href="/wiki/Antonia_White" title="Antonia White">Antonia White</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1909 the Bowra brothers journeyed across Europe and Russia by train to visit their parents in <a href="/wiki/Mukden" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden">Mukden</a>. They also visited the site of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mukden" title="Battle of Mukden">Battle of Mukden</a> and encountered <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener" class="mw-redirect" title="Horatio Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Lord Kitchener</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their return journey, which they made in the company of their father, took them through Hong Kong, <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suez" title="Suez">Suez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mitchell16_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mitchell16-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cheltenham_College">Cheltenham College</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Bowra&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cheltenham College"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bowra boarded at <a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_College" title="Cheltenham College">Cheltenham College</a> from April 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-mitchell16_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mitchell16-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He did not enjoy such features of the school as outdoor games or the <a href="/wiki/Officer_Training_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer Training Corps">OTC</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but he won a scholarship in the internal exams held in June 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-mitchell18_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mitchell18-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became clear that he had a particular aptitude for <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">classics</a>, for which the school laid a thorough grounding in Greek and Latin.<sup id="cite_ref-mitchell18_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mitchell18-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his final two years, in the sixth form, Bowra became bored with his school work, acquired sufficient French to read <a href="/wiki/Paul_Verlaine" title="Paul Verlaine">Verlaine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Baudelaire</a>, studied a bilingual edition of <a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Divina_Commedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Divina Commedia">Divina Commedia</a></i>, and began to learn German.<sup id="cite_ref-lloydjones23_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lloydjones23-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bowra maintained a connection with the school in later life, being instrumental in the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Day-Lewis" title="Cecil Day-Lewis">Cecil Day-Lewis</a> as a master there and serving on its governing body from 1943 to 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_I">World War I</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Bowra&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1916 Bowra's father was Chief Secretary of the Chinese Customs and resided in Beijing in a household with thirty servants.<sup id="cite_ref-lloydjones23_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lloydjones23-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January that year Bowra's mother came to England to visit her sons, who were both about to see active service in the Army.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May Bowra departed with his mother for China, travelling through <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-mitchell28_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mitchell28-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Beijing he visited the <a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China" title="Great Wall of China">Great Wall of China</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ming_Tombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Tombs">Ming Tombs</a>, and witnessed the funeral of <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Shikai" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuan Shikai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mitchell28_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mitchell28-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bowra departed from Beijing in September and on his way home spent three weeks in <a href="/wiki/St_Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St Petersburg">St Petersburg</a> (then called Petrograd) as a guest of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wilton" title="Robert Wilton">Robert Wilton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mitchell28_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mitchell28-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time he attained a working knowledge of Russian<sup id="cite_ref-lloydjones23_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lloydjones23-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and attended operas in which <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Chaliapin" title="Feodor Chaliapin">Feodor Chaliapin</a> performed.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his return to Britain he began training with the OTC in Oxford<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before being called up and sent to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Army_Cadet_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Army Cadet School (page does not exist)">Royal Army Cadet School</a> in March 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Field_Artillery" title="Royal Field Artillery">Royal Field Artillery</a> on active service in France from September 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He saw action at <a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Ypres" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Battle of Ypres">Passchendaele</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Battle of Cambrai (1917)">Cambrai</a>, and in 1918 he participated in the resistance to the <a href="/wiki/Ludendorff_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludendorff Offensive">Ludendorff Offensive</a> and the Allied counter-offensive.<sup id="cite_ref-lloydjones24_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lloydjones24-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time he continued to read widely, including both contemporary poets and Greek and Latin authors.<sup id="cite_ref-lloydjones24_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lloydjones24-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bowra was left with a lifelong hatred of war and military strategists, and seldom mentioned the war afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later told <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Connolly" title="Cyril Connolly">Cyril Connolly</a>, "Whatever you hear about the war, remember it was far worse: inconceivably bloody – nobody who wasn't there can imagine what it was like."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Powell" title="Anthony Powell">Anthony Powell</a> wrote that Bowra's wartime experiences "played a profound part in his thoughts and inner life",<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and records that when a cruise ship they were travelling on held a ceremony to place a wreath in the sea as it passed the <a href="/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles">Dardanelles</a> Bowra was so affected that he retired to his cabin.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the Second World War he was accommodating to returning servicemen who wished to study at Oxford, telling one applicant who was worried about his deficiency in Latin, "No matter, war service counts as Latin."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Undergraduate_years">Undergraduate years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Bowra&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Undergraduate years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1919 Bowra took up a scholarship he had won to <a href="/wiki/New_College,_Oxford" title="New College, Oxford">New College, Oxford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lloydjones23_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lloydjones23-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He took a first class in <a href="/wiki/Honour_Moderations" title="Honour Moderations">Honour Moderations</a> in 1920 and a first class, with formal congratulations, in <a href="/wiki/Literae_Humaniores" class="mw-redirect" title="Literae Humaniores">Literae Humaniores</a> in 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bowra was very sociable as an undergraduate, and his circle included <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Radcliffe" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril Radcliffe">Cyril Radcliffe</a> (with whom he shared lodgings),<sup id="cite_ref-hollis20_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hollis20-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Roy_Harrod" title="Roy Harrod">Roy Harrod</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-hollis20_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hollis20-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Boothby" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Boothby">Robert Boothby</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-lloydjones24_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lloydjones24-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/L._P._Hartley" title="L. P. Hartley">L. P. Hartley</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-lloydjones24_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lloydjones24-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lord_David_Cecil" title="Lord David Cecil">Lord David Cecil</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-lloydjones24_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lloydjones24-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane" title="J. B. S. Haldane">J. B. S. Haldane</a><sup id="cite_ref-lloydjones24_26-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lloydjones24-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hollis_(politician)" title="Christopher Hollis (politician)">Christopher Hollis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hollis20_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hollis20-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also became a friend of <a href="/wiki/Dadie_Rylands" title="Dadie Rylands">Dadie Rylands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lloydjones24_26-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lloydjones24-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The teachers who influenced him included <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Murray" title="Gilbert Murray">Gilbert Murray</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alic_Halford_Smith" title="Alic Halford Smith">Alic Smith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-timesobit_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timesobit-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The treatment he received from one of his tutors in philosophy, <a href="/wiki/H._W._B._Joseph" title="H. W. B. Joseph">H. W. B. Joseph</a>, was said by <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Isaiah Berlin</a> to have "undermined his faith in his own intellectual capacity".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_career">Academic career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Bowra&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Academic career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1922 Bowra was elected a fellow of <a href="/wiki/Wadham_College,_Oxford" title="Wadham College, Oxford">Wadham College, Oxford</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the support of the <a href="/wiki/Regius_Professor_of_Greek_(Oxford)" title="Regius Professor of Greek (Oxford)">Regius Professor of Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Murray" title="Gilbert Murray">Gilbert Murray</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-mitch83_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mitch83-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and appointed Dean of Wadham shortly afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Murray vacated his chair in 1936 Bowra and others believed that Bowra himself was most likely to succeed him,<sup id="cite_ref-mitch83_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mitch83-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Murray recommended <a href="/wiki/E._R._Dodds" title="E. R. Dodds">E. R. Dodds</a> as his successor, rejecting Bowra because of "a certain lack of quality, precision and reality in his scholarship as a whole".<sup id="cite_ref-mitch84_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mitch84-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some believed that the real reason was a whispering campaign over Bowra's "real or imagined homosexuality".<sup id="cite_ref-mitch86_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mitch86-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bowra became a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Letters" title="Doctor of Letters">Doctor of Letters</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> in 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-timesobit_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timesobit-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1938 the <a href="/wiki/Warden_(college)" title="Warden (college)">Wardenship</a> of Wadham fell vacant and Bowra, still the Dean, was elected to the post, keeping it until 1970<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (when he was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Hampshire" title="Stuart Hampshire">Stuart Hampshire</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Mitchell_2009,_p._305_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitchell_2009,_p._305-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bowra was supported in the election by his colleague <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Lindemann" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Lindemann">Frederick Lindemann</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-annan143_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-annan143-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hollis34_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hollis34-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lindemann had initially opposed Bowra's election as a fellow of Wadham, proposing that a scientist should be preferred, but had warmed to Bowra because of his vociferous opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> regime in Germany and the policy of <a href="/wiki/Appeasement" title="Appeasement">appeasement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-annan143_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-annan143-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hollis34_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hollis34-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The election was held on 5 October 1938,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and coincided with the <a href="/wiki/1938_Oxford_by-election" title="1938 Oxford by-election">Oxford by-election campaign</a>, in which Bowra lent his support to the anti-appeasement candidate, <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Lindsay" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandy Lindsay">Sandy Lindsay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> Bowra served in the Oxford <a href="/wiki/Home_Guard_(United_Kingdom)" title="Home Guard (United Kingdom)">Home Guard</a><sup id="cite_ref-mitch241_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mitch241-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was not offered any war work. When Berlin canvassed to find Bowra a position the file was sent back to him stamped "unreliable".<sup id="cite_ref-mitch241_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mitch241-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bowra was <a href="/wiki/Professor_of_Poetry" title="Professor of Poetry">Professor of Poetry</a> at Oxford from 1946 to 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-timesobit_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timesobit-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote of the election for the post that "The campaign was very enjoyable and <a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a> was outmanoeuvred so completely that he even failed in the end to be nominated, and I walked over without opposition. Very gratifying to a vain man like myself."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bowra spent the academic year 1948–49 at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Eliot_Norton_Lectures" title="Charles Eliot Norton Lectures">Charles Eliot Norton Professor of Poetry</a><sup id="cite_ref-timesobit_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timesobit-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and gave the 1955 <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lang_lecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Lang lecture">Andrew Lang lecture</a>. He delivered the 1957 Earl Grey Lecture in Newcastle on "The Meaning of a Heroic Age" and the 1963 <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Institution" title="Taylor Institution">Taylorian Lecture</a> on "Poetry and the First World War".<sup id="cite_ref-timesobit_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timesobit-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1966 he gave the <a href="/wiki/Romanes_Lecture" title="Romanes Lecture">Romanes Lecture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bowra was at Harvard when the post of <a href="/wiki/Vice-chancellor_(education)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-chancellor (education)">vice-chancellor</a> fell unexpectedly vacant in 1948, on the sudden accidental death of <a href="/wiki/William_Stallybrass" title="William Stallybrass">William Stallybrass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wheare123_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheare123-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the most senior head of house, <a href="/wiki/J._R._H._Weaver" title="J. R. H. Weaver">J. R. H. Weaver</a>, declined the post, Bowra could have succeeded to it,<sup id="cite_ref-wheare123_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheare123-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but he chose to stay in the United States and <a href="/wiki/John_Lowe_(University_of_Oxford)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Lowe (University of Oxford)">Dean Lowe</a> filled the post until 1951, when Bowra served his three-year term.<sup id="cite_ref-wheare123_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheare123-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As chair of the <a href="/wiki/Hebdomadal_Council" title="Hebdomadal Council">Hebdomadal Council</a> he dealt with the business of meetings that customarily occupied a whole afternoon in as little as fifteen minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/T._S._R._Boase" title="T. S. R. Boase">T. S. R. Boase</a> was indisposed by an eye problem in 1959 Bowra returned to chair the committee<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and privately remarked that "jokes about his <i>beaux yeux</i> are not thought funny".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bowra was President of the <a href="/wiki/British_Academy" title="British Academy">British Academy</a> from 1958 to 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His tenure was marked by two achievements:<sup id="cite_ref-wheeler_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheeler-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he chaired the committee that produced the <i>Report on Research in the Humanities and the Social Sciences</i>, which resulted in a grant for those purposes from <a href="/wiki/HM_Treasury" title="HM Treasury">HM Treasury</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-wheeler_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheeler-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he helped to establish the <a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Institute_of_Persian_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Institute of Persian Studies (page does not exist)">British Institute of Persian Studies</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his long career as an Oxford don Bowra had contact with a considerable portion of the English literary world, either as students or as colleagues. The character of Mr Samgrass in <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Waugh" title="Evelyn Waugh">Evelyn Waugh</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Brideshead_Revisited" title="Brideshead Revisited">Brideshead Revisited</a></i> is said to have been modelled on Bowra.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Connolly" title="Cyril Connolly">Cyril Connolly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Green" title="Henry Green">Henry Green</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Powell" title="Anthony Powell">Anthony Powell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Clark" title="Kenneth Clark">Kenneth Clark</a> knew Bowra quite well when they were undergraduates. Clark called Bowra "the strongest influence in my life".<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Waugh marked his friend's election as Warden of Wadham by presenting him with a <a href="/wiki/Araucaria_araucana" title="Araucaria araucana">monkey-puzzle tree</a> for his garden.<sup id="cite_ref-mitch237_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mitch237-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Betjeman" title="John Betjeman">John Betjeman</a> recorded his appreciation of Bowra in his verse autobiography <i><a href="/wiki/Summoned_by_Bells" title="Summoned by Bells">Summoned by Bells</a></i>, in which he evokes an evening spent dining with Bowra in a passage that concludes: "I wandered back to Magdalen, certain then,/ As now, that Maurice Bowra’s company / Taught me far more than all my tutors did." </p><p>Though he was not in any sense religious, Bowra signed the petition (in favour of the <a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine</a> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Mass">Catholic Mass</a>) that became informally known as the <a href="/wiki/Agatha_Christie_indult" title="Agatha Christie indult">Agatha Christie indult</a> and regularly attended the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> services in his college's chapel.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verse">Verse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Bowra&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Verse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bowra had learned the value of verse during the First World War.<sup id="cite_ref-mitch237_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mitch237-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cyril Connolly wrote that Bowra "saw human life as a tragedy in which great poets were the heroes who fought back and tried to give life a meaning".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bowra was an important champion of <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Boris Pasternak</a>, lecturing on his work and nominating him repeatedly for the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Bowra was never able to fulfil his wish to be accepted as a serious poet himself.<sup id="cite_ref-mitch237_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mitch237-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His output consisted of "sharp satires, in verse, on his friends (and sharper still on his enemies)".<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His friend and literary executor, <a href="/wiki/John_Hanbury_Angus_Sparrow" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hanbury Angus Sparrow">John Sparrow</a>, once commented that Bowra had cut himself off from posterity "as his prose was unreadable and his verse was unprintable".<sup id="cite_ref-JONES_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JONES-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was set half-right by the publication in 2005 of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140425213256/https://berlin.wolf.ox.ac.uk/~hardy/dugpubs/bats.html"><i>New Bats in Old Belfries</i></a>, a collection of <a href="/wiki/Satires" class="mw-redirect" title="Satires">satires</a> on friends and enemies written between the 1920s and the 1960s. Bowra wrote a satire on <a href="/wiki/John_Betjeman" title="John Betjeman">John Betjeman</a>, who had become choked with emotion on being presented by <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Margaret">Princess Margaret</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Duff_Cooper_Prize" title="Duff Cooper Prize">Duff Cooper Prize</a> on 18 December 1958. The judges on that occasion were <a href="/wiki/Lord_David_Cecil" title="Lord David Cecil">Lord David Cecil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Nicolson" title="Harold Nicolson">Harold Nicolson</a> and Bowra himself as chairman. Duff Cooper's widow <a href="/wiki/Lady_Diana_Cooper" title="Lady Diana Cooper">Lady Diana Cooper</a> observed that "Poor Betch was crying and too moved to find an apology for words." (<a href="/wiki/Philip_Ziegler" title="Philip Ziegler">Philip Ziegler</a>, <i>Diana Cooper: The Biography of Lady Diana Cooper</i>, Hamish Hamilton 1981, p. 310.) </p> <blockquote><p>Green with lust and sick with shyness, <br /> </p><p>Let me lick your lacquered toes. <br /> Gosh, oh gosh, your Royal Highness, <br /> Put your finger up my nose, <br /> Pin my teeth upon your dress, <br /> Plant my head with watercress. <br /> Only you can make me happy. <br /> Tuck me tight beneath your arm. <br /> Wrap me in a woollen nappy; <br /> Let me wet it till it's warm. <br /> In a plush and plated pram <br /> Wheel me round <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s" title="St James's">St James's</a>, Ma'am. <br /> Let your sleek and soft galoshes <br /> Slide and slither on my skin. <br /> Swaddle me in mackintoshes <br /> Till I lose my sense of sin. <br /> Lightly plant your plimsolled heel <br /> </p><p> Where my privy parts congeal.</p></blockquote> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Telegraph">Telegraph</a></i>, echoing <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Day-Lewis" title="Cecil Day-Lewis">Cecil Day-Lewis</a> on the man himself, warned that the book, like <a href="/wiki/Strychnine" title="Strychnine">strychnine</a>, was best taken in small doses.<sup id="cite_ref-JONES_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JONES-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two poems on <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leigh_Fermor" title="Patrick Leigh Fermor">Patrick Leigh Fermor</a> were omitted from the book, in deference to their subject's wishes, but were published after his death in the <i>Wadham Gazette</i> in December 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WadGaz11_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WadGaz11-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sexuality">Sexuality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Bowra&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sexuality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bowra was <a href="/wiki/Homosexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual">homosexual</a>. As an undergraduate in Oxford in the 1920s, Bowra was known to <a href="/wiki/Cruising_for_sex" title="Cruising for sex">cruise for sex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-annan165_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-annan165-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He used the term "the <a href="/wiki/Homintern" class="mw-redirect" title="Homintern">Homintern</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-annan165_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-annan165-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and privately referred to his leading position in it, also calling it "the Immoral Front" or "the 69th International".<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retirement_and_death">Retirement and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Bowra&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Retirement and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maurice_Bowra_grave_Holywell_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Maurice_Bowra_grave_Holywell_2024.jpg/220px-Maurice_Bowra_grave_Holywell_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Maurice_Bowra_grave_Holywell_2024.jpg/330px-Maurice_Bowra_grave_Holywell_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Maurice_Bowra_grave_Holywell_2024.jpg/440px-Maurice_Bowra_grave_Holywell_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2770" data-file-height="2849" /></a><figcaption>The grave of Maurice Bowra in <a href="/wiki/Holywell_Cemetery" title="Holywell Cemetery">Holywell Cemetery</a> in Oxford in 2024</figcaption></figure> <p>Bowra retired in 1970, but continued to live in rooms in the college that had been granted to him in exchange for a house he owned.<sup id="cite_ref-Mitchell_2009,_p._305_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitchell_2009,_p._305-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became an honorary fellow of Wadham and was awarded the honorary degree of <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Civil_Law" title="Doctor of Civil Law">Doctor of Civil Law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-timesobit_33-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timesobit-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died of a sudden heart attack in 1971<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his cremated remains were buried in <a href="/wiki/Holywell_Cemetery" title="Holywell Cemetery">Holywell Cemetery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Bowra&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maurice_Bowra_Sculpture_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Maurice_Bowra_Sculpture_1.jpg/220px-Maurice_Bowra_Sculpture_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Maurice_Bowra_Sculpture_1.jpg/330px-Maurice_Bowra_Sculpture_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Maurice_Bowra_Sculpture_1.jpg/440px-Maurice_Bowra_Sculpture_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a><figcaption>A sculpture of Bowra in Wadham College, Oxford</figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to his <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a> degrees, Bowra received honorary doctorates from the universities of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Dublin" title="University of Dublin">Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hull" title="University of Hull">Hull</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wales" title="University of Wales">Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Columbia">Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">St Andrews</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">Paris</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Aix-en-Provence" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Aix-en-Provence">Aix</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-timesobit_33-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timesobit-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bowra was knighted in 1951 and was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour">Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour</a> in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also a <i>Commandeur </i> of the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d'honneur">Légion d'honneur</a> in France, a Knight Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Phoenix_(Greece)" title="Order of the Phoenix (Greece)">Royal Order of the Phoenix</a> in Greece and a recipient of the order "<a href="/wiki/Pour_le_M%C3%A9rite#Civil_class" title="Pour le Mérite">Pour le Mérite</a>" in <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-timesobit_33-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timesobit-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1992 <a href="/wiki/Wadham_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Wadham College">Wadham College</a> named its new <a href="/wiki/Bowra_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowra Building">Bowra Building</a> in his honour.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quotations">Quotations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Bowra&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Quotations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"Buggers can't be choosers" (explaining his engagement, later called off, to a "plain" woman, poet and <a href="/wiki/Somerville_College,_Oxford" title="Somerville College, Oxford">Somerville</a> alumna <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Beecham" title="Audrey Beecham">Audrey Beecham</a>, niece of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Beecham" title="Thomas Beecham">the conductor</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"I am a man more dined against than dining" (parodying <a href="/wiki/King_Lear" title="King Lear">King Lear</a>'s "more sinned against than sinning")<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Buggery" class="mw-redirect" title="Buggery">Buggery</a> was invented to fill that awkward hour between <a href="/wiki/Evening_Prayer_(Anglican)" class="mw-redirect" title="Evening Prayer (Anglican)">Evensong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cocktails" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocktails">cocktails</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-cartwright_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cartwright-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or was "useful for filling that awkward time between tea and cocktails"<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Splendid couple—slept with both of them" (on hearing of the engagement of a well-known literary pair)<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Though like Our Lord and Socrates he does not publish much, he thinks and says a great deal and has had an enormous influence on our times" (about <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Isaiah Berlin</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"I don't know about you, gentlemen, but in Oxford I, at least, am known by my face" (allegedly after being observed bathing naked at <a href="/wiki/Parson%27s_Pleasure" title="Parson's Pleasure">Parson's Pleasure</a> and covering his face rather than his privates)<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Where there's death, there's hope."<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>When asked by an undergraduate for help with translating a passage by <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Apollinaire" title="Guillaume Apollinaire">Apollinaire</a>, whom Bowra had met whilst in France during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>: "Can’t help you. Pity. Slept with him once—should have asked him then."<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Bowra&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Pindar's Pythian Odes</i> (1928), co-translator with <a href="/wiki/H._T._Wade-Gery" class="mw-redirect" title="H. T. Wade-Gery">H. T. Wade-Gery</a></li> <li><i>The Oxford Book of Greek Verse</i> (1930), co-editor with <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Murray" title="Gilbert Murray">Gilbert Murray</a>, Cyril Bailey, E. A. Barber and T. F. Higham</li> <li><i>Tradition and Design in the Iliad</i> (1930)</li> <li><i>Ancient Greek Literature</i> (1933)</li> <li><i>Pindari Carmina</i> (1935; 2nd edition 1947)</li> <li><i>Greek Lyric Poetry: From Alcman to Simonides</i> (Oxford 1936, 2nd revision 2001)</li> <li><i>The Oxford Book of Greek Poetry in Translation</i> (1937), co-editor with T. F. Higham</li> <li><i>Early Greek Elegists</i> (1938), the Martin Lectures at <a href="/wiki/Oberlin_College" title="Oberlin College">Oberlin College</a></li> <li><i>The Heritage of Symbolism</i> (1943)</li> <li><i>A Book of Russian Verse</i> (1943), editor (a collection of translations, none by Bowra)</li> <li><i>Sophoclean Tragedy</i> (1944)</li> <li><i>From Virgil to Milton</i> (1945)</li> <li><i>A Second Book of Russian Verse</i> (1948) editor (a collection of translations, none by Bowra)</li> <li><i>The Creative Experiment</i> (1949)</li> <li><i>The Romantic Imagination</i> (1950) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poeticmind.co.uk/research/from-sight-to-vision-review-maurice-bowra-book-the-romantic-imagination-reviewed-by-dr-gil-dekel/">Review/summary.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heroicpoetry030625mbp"><i>Heroic Poetry</i></a> (1952)</li> <li><i>Problems in Greek Poetry</i> (1953)</li> <li><i>Inspiration and Poetry</i> (1955)</li> <li><i>Homer and His Forerunners</i> (Thomas Nelson, 1955)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TheGreekExperience"><i>The Greek Experience</i></a> (1957)</li> <li><i>Primitive Song</i> (1962)</li> <li><i>In General and Particular</i> (1964)</li> <li><i>Pindar</i> (1964)</li> <li><i>Classical Greece</i> (1965)</li> <li><i>Landmarks in Greek Literature</i> (1966)</li> <li><i>Poetry and Politics, 1900–1960</i> (1966), the Wiles Lectures at the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University,_Belfast" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's University, Belfast">Queen's University, Belfast</a></li> <li><i>Memories 1898–1939</i> (1966)</li> <li><i>The Odes of Pindar</i> (1969, reissued 1982), translator</li> <li><i>On Greek Margins</i> (1970)</li> <li><i>Periclean Athens</i> (1971)</li> <li><i>Homer</i> (1972)</li> <li><i>New Bats in Old Belfries, or Some Loose Tiles</i> (2005), ed. Henry Hardy and Jennifer Holmes, with an introduction by Julian Mitchell</li></ul> <p>Bowra also wrote a foreword to <i>Voices From the Past: A Classical Anthology for the Modern Reader</i>, ed. James and Janet Maclean Todd (1955), as well as forewords to other works. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Bowra&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Louis2013-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Louis2013_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Roger_Louis2013" class="citation book cs1">William Roger Louis (November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YbcJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA177"><i>History of Oxford University Press: Volume III: 1896 to 1970</i></a>. OUP Oxford. pp. 177, 290. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-956840-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-956840-6"><bdi>978-0-19-956840-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Oxford+University+Press%3A+Volume+III%3A+1896+to+1970&rft.pages=177%2C+290&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2013-11&rft.isbn=978-0-19-956840-6&rft.au=William+Roger+Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYbcJAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Bowra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DNB-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DNB_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNB_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNB_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNB_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNB_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNB_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2004)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009) p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), pp. 3, 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lloyd Jones, p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 13; Lloyd-Jones, p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lloydjones23-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lloydjones23_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lloydjones23_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lloydjones23_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lloydjones23_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lloydjones23_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lloyd-Jones, p. 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nelson, p. 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), pp. 15–16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mitchell16-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mitchell16_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mitchell16_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), pp. 16–17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mitchell18-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mitchell18_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mitchell18_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009) p. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mitchell28-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mitchell28_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mitchell28_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mitchell28_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009) p. 29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lloydjones24-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lloydjones24_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lloydjones24_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lloydjones24_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lloydjones24_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lloydjones24_26-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lloydjones24_26-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lloydjones24_26-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lloyd-Jones, p. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hollis p.18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cyril Connolly in Lloyd-Jones, p. 44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In Lloyd-Jones, p. 95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In Lloyd-Jones, p. 103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hollis20-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hollis20_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hollis20_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hollis20_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hollis, p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-timesobit-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-timesobit_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timesobit_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timesobit_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timesobit_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timesobit_33-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timesobit_33-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timesobit_33-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timesobit_33-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times"><i>Times</i></a> obituary, 3 July 1971, reprinted as Chapter 1 in Lloyd-Jones.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Memorial Address, in Lloyd-Jones, p. 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mitch83-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mitch83_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mitch83_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1998" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Jeremy (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cyrilconnollylif00lewi"><i>Cyril Connolly: A Life</i></a></span>. Pimlico. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780712666350" title="Special:BookSources/9780712666350"><bdi>9780712666350</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyril+Connolly%3A+A+Life&rft.pub=Pimlico&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780712666350&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcyrilconnollylif00lewi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Bowra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mitch84-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mitch84_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mitch86-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mitch86_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 86. The quoted words are those of <a href="/wiki/T._W._Adorno" class="mw-redirect" title="T. W. Adorno">T. W. Adorno</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mitchell_2009,_p._305-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mitchell_2009,_p._305_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mitchell_2009,_p._305_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 305</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-annan143-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-annan143_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-annan143_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Annan (1999), p. 143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hollis34-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hollis34_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hollis34_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hollis, p. 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009) p. 236.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hollis, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mitch241-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mitch241_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mitch241_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), pp. 241-42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Annan (1999), p. 163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), pp. 290–91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wheare123-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wheare123_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wheare123_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wheare123_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Wheare" title="Kenneth Wheare">Kenneth Wheare</a>, in Lloyd-Jones, p. 123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kenneth Wheare, in Lloyd-Jones, pp. 123–24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kenneth Wheare, in Lloyd-Jones, p. 127</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 261</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wheeler-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wheeler_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wheeler_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Wheeler" title="Mortimer Wheeler">Mortimer Wheeler</a>, in Lloyd-Jones, p. 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mortimer Wheeler, in Lloyd-Jones, pp. 131–33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 190</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeremy Lewis, <i>Cyril Connolly: A Life</i>, Jonathan Cape 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kenneth Clark, <i>Another Part of the Wood</i>, Harper & Row 1974, p. 99</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mitch237-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mitch237_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mitch237_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mitch237_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 237</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), pp. 316–17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Connolly" title="Cyril Connolly">Cyril Connolly</a>, in Lloyd-Jones, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Mercurius Oxoniensis</i> (perhaps <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper">Hugh Trevor-Roper</a>), in Lloyd-Jones, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JONES-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JONES_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JONES_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones (2005)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052724/https://berlin.wolf.ox.ac.uk/dugdale/bowra/websiteplf.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>berlin.wolf.ox.ac.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://berlin.wolf.ox.ac.uk/dugdale/bowra/websiteplf.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=berlin.wolf.ox.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fberlin.wolf.ox.ac.uk%2Fdugdale%2Fbowra%2Fwebsiteplf.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Bowra" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WadGaz11-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WadGaz11_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry_Hardy2011" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hardy" title="Henry Hardy">Henry Hardy</a> (December 2011). <a href="/wiki/James_Morwood" title="James Morwood">James Morwood</a> (ed.). "Maurice Bowra on Patrick Leigh Fermor". Wadham College Gazette 2011: 106–112.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Maurice+Bowra+on+Patrick+Leigh+Fermor&rft.pages=106-112&rft.date=2011-12&rft.au=Henry+Hardy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Bowra" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-annan165-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-annan165_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-annan165_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Annan (1999), p. 165</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 307</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell 2009, p. 308</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wadham.ox.ac.uk/about-wadham/buildings-and-architecture">"Bowra Building"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200515042748/https://www.wadham.ox.ac.uk/about-wadham/buildings-and-architecture">Archived</a> 15 May 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. wadham.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved on 7 August 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hollis, p. 22. "Allegedly," according to Mitchell (2009), p. 144</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Knowles</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cartwright-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cartwright_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cartwright (2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell (2009), p. 147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter to <a href="/wiki/Noel_Annan" class="mw-redirect" title="Noel Annan">Noel Annan</a> quoted in Lloyd-Jones, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Doniger (2000) p. 193</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. W. Bowersock, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/books-and-arts/unquiet-flows-the-don">"Unquiet Flows the Don"</a>, <i>The New Republic</i>, [review of Mitchell (2009), 5 October.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Atticus: Roland White, <i>The Sunday Times</i>, 11 November 2018.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Bowra&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnnan1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Noel_Annan,_Baron_Annan" title="Noel Annan, Baron Annan">Annan, Noel</a> (1999). <i>The Dons</i>. London: HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-257074-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-257074-2"><bdi>0-00-257074-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dons&rft.place=London&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-00-257074-2&rft.aulast=Annan&rft.aufirst=Noel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Bowra" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCartwright2008" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Justin_Cartwright" title="Justin Cartwright">Cartwright, Justin</a> (2 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/donotmigrate/3671591/Oxford-Does-Brideshead-still-exist.html">"Oxford: Does Brideshead still exist?"</a>. <i>Daily Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Oxford%3A+Does+Brideshead+still+exist%3F&rft.date=2008-03-02&rft.aulast=Cartwright&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fdonotmigrate%2F3671591%2FOxford-Does-Brideshead-still-exist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Bowra" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoniger2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Doniger" title="Wendy Doniger">Doniger, Wendy</a> (2000). <i>The Bedtrick: Tales of Sex and Masquerade</i>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-15642-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-15642-7"><bdi>0-226-15642-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bedtrick%3A+Tales+of+Sex+and+Masquerade&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-226-15642-7&rft.aulast=Doniger&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Bowra" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollis1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hollis_(politician)" title="Christopher Hollis (politician)">Hollis, Christopher</a> (1976). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordintwenties0000holl"><i>Oxford in the Twenties</i></a></span>. London: Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-434-34531-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-434-34531-8"><bdi>0-434-34531-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+in+the+Twenties&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-434-34531-8&rft.aulast=Hollis&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordintwenties0000holl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Bowra" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2005" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Lewis (20 November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3648083/Let-me-lick-your-lacquered-toes.html">"Let me lick your lacquered toes"</a>. <i>Daily Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Let+me+lick+your+lacquered+toes&rft.date=2005-11-20&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fbooks%2F3648083%2FLet-me-lick-your-lacquered-toes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Bowra" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnowles2009" class="citation book cs1">Knowles, Elisabeth (10 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t115.e420"><i>Maurice Bowra</i></a>. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923717-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923717-3"><bdi>978-0-19-923717-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maurice+Bowra&rft.pub=Oxford+Reference+Online.+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009-09-10&rft.isbn=978-0-19-923717-3&rft.aulast=Knowles&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fviews%2FENTRY.html%3Fsubview%3DMain%26entry%3Dt115.e420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Bowra" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHugh_Lloyd-Jones1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lloyd-Jones" title="Hugh Lloyd-Jones">Hugh Lloyd-Jones</a>, ed. (1974). <i>Maurice Bowra: A Celebration</i>. London: Olympic Marketing Corp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-99908-12-37-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-99908-12-37-4"><bdi>978-99908-12-37-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maurice+Bowra%3A+A+Celebration&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Olympic+Marketing+Corp&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-99908-12-37-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Bowra" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Mitchell_(historian)" title="Leslie Mitchell (historian)">Mitchell, Leslie</a> (2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/30841">"Bowra, Sir (Cecil) Maurice (1898–1971)"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F30841">10.1093/ref:odnb/30841</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bowra%2C+Sir+%28Cecil%29+Maurice+%281898%E2%80%931971%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F30841&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F30841&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Bowra" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell2009" class="citation book cs1">Mitchell, Leslie (2009). <i>Maurice Bowra: A Life</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-929584-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-929584-5"><bdi>978-0-19-929584-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maurice+Bowra%3A+A+Life&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-929584-5&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Bowra" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson2007" class="citation book cs1">Nelson, Claudia (2007). <i>Family Ties in Victorian England</i>. Praeger Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98697-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98697-1"><bdi>978-0-275-98697-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Family+Ties+in+Victorian+England&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-275-98697-1&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Bowra" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2009" class="citation news cs1">Wilson, Frances (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/non-fiction/article6931810.ece">"The Sunday Times Christmas books: biography"</a>. <i>The Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+Sunday+Times+Christmas+books%3A+biography&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Frances&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Farts_and_entertainment%2Fbooks%2Fnon-fiction%2Farticle6931810.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaurice+Bowra" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Bowra&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110813000609/http://byron.nottingham.ac.uk/resources/digital/foundation%20lectures/bowra.html">C. M. Bowra, <i>The Lyrical Poetry of Thomas Hardy</i></a> – 1946 Byron Foundation Lecture</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aristarchus.unige.net/CPhCl/en/Database">Catalogus Philologorum Classicorum</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Frederick_Stenning" class="mw-redirect" title="John Frederick Stenning">John Frederick Stenning</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Warden of <a href="/wiki/Wadham_College,_Oxford" title="Wadham College, Oxford">Wadham College, Oxford</a> </b><br />1938–1970 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Hampshire" title="Stuart Hampshire">Stuart Hampshire</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Lowe_(University_of_Oxford)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Lowe (University of Oxford)">The Very Reverend John Lowe</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Vice-Chancellor_of_Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University">Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University</a> </b><br />1951–1954 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alic_Halford_Smith" title="Alic Halford Smith">Alic Halford Smith</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q443786#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q443786#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000010892584X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/44295952">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/56621/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqfHvfVmh99xPq7hYcXVC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118659618">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80077870">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118936645">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118936645">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00434073">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bowra, Cecil Maurice"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UBOV087893">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35020931">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kup19950000010262&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX871409">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/27842">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068364032">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90127935">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000042880&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000102741&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=139793">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199603167">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/nl022sx6304xm4j">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810562527905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/19776">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007258902205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058511705806706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14120773">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00338732?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/795146">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118659618.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118659618">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02674841X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6s184j5">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Bowra&oldid=1256853503">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Bowra&oldid=1256853503</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1898_births" title="Category:1898 births">1898 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