CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: silver clusters</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: silver clusters"> <meta name="keywords" content="silver clusters"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="silver clusters" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="silver clusters"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1032</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: silver clusters</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1002</span> Hybrid Recovery of Copper and Silver from Photovoltaic Ribbon and Ag finger of End-Of-Life Solar Panels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Patcharawit">T. Patcharawit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Kansomket"> C. Kansomket</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Wongnaree"> N. Wongnaree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Kritsrikan"> W. Kritsrikan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Yingnakorn"> T. Yingnakorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Khumkoa"> S. Khumkoa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recovery of pure copper and silver from end-of-life photovoltaic panels was investigated in this paper using an effective hybrid pyro-hydrometallurgical process. In the first step of waste treatment, solar panel waste was first dismantled to obtain a PV sheet to be cut and calcined at 500°C, to separate out PV ribbon from glass cullet, ash, and volatile while the silicon wafer containing silver finger was collected for recovery. In the second step of metal recovery, copper recovery from photovoltaic ribbon was via 1-3 M HCl leaching with SnCl₂ and H₂O₂ additions in order to remove the tin-lead coating on the ribbon. The leached copper band was cleaned and subsequently melted as an anode for the next step of electrorefining. Stainless steel was set as the cathode with CuSO₄ as an electrolyte, and at a potential of 0.2 V, high purity copper of 99.93% was obtained at 96.11% recovery after 24 hours. For silver recovery, the silicon wafer containing silver finger was leached using HNO₃ at 1-4 M in an ultrasonic bath. In the next step of precipitation, silver chloride was then obtained and subsequently reduced by sucrose and NaOH to give silver powder prior to oxy-acetylene melting to finally obtain pure silver metal. The integrated recycling process is considered to be economical, providing effective recovery of high purity metals such as copper and silver while other materials such as aluminum, copper wire, glass cullet can also be recovered to be reused commercially. Compounds such as PbCl₂ and SnO₂ obtained can also be recovered to enter the market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrorefining" title="electrorefining">electrorefining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaching" title=" leaching"> leaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcination" title=" calcination"> calcination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV%20ribbon" title=" PV ribbon"> PV ribbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20finger" title=" silver finger"> silver finger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20panel" title=" solar panel"> solar panel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144135/hybrid-recovery-of-copper-and-silver-from-photovoltaic-ribbon-and-ag-finger-of-end-of-life-solar-panels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144135.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1001</span> One Step Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Biological Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samy%20M.%20Shaban">Samy M. Shaban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Aiad"> Ismail Aiad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20M.%20El-Sukkary"> Mohamed M. El-Sukkary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20A.%20Soliman"> E. A. Soliman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moshira%20Y.%20El-Awady"> Moshira Y. El-Awady</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In situ and green synthesis of cubic and spherical silver nanoparticles were developed using sun light as reducing agent in the presence of newly prepared cationic surfactant which acting as capping agents. The morphology of prepared silver nanoparticle was estimated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the size distribution determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The hydrophobic chain length of the prepared surfactant effect on the stability of the prepared silver nanoparticles as clear from zeta-potential values. Also by increasing chain length of the used capping agent the amount of formed nanoparticle increase as indicated by increasing the absorbance. Both prepared surfactants and surfactants capping silver nanoparticles showed high antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photosynthesis" title="photosynthesis">photosynthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hexaonal%20shapes" title=" hexaonal shapes"> hexaonal shapes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zetapotential" title=" zetapotential"> zetapotential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20activity" title=" biological activity"> biological activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18087/one-step-green-synthesis-of-silver-nanoparticles-and-their-biological-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18087.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1000</span> Corrosion Characteristics and Electrochemical Treatment of Heritage Silver Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20N.%20Abu-Baker">Ahmad N. Abu-Baker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated the corrosion of a group of heritage silver-copper alloy coins and their conservation treatment by potentiostatic methods. The corrosion products of the coins were characterized by a combination of scanning electron microscopy/ energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Cathodic polarization curves, measured by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), also identified the corrosion products and the working conditions to treat the coins using a potentiostatic reduction method, which was monitored by chronoamperometry. The corrosion products showed that the decay mechanisms were dominated by selective attack on the copper-rich phases of the silver-copper alloys, which is consistent with an internal galvanic corrosion phenomenon, which leads to the deposition of copper corrosion products on the surface of the coins. Silver chloride was also detected on the coins, which reflects selective corrosion of the silver-rich phases under different chemical environments. The potentiostatic treatment showed excellent effectiveness in determining treatment parameters and monitoring the reduction process of the corrosion products on the coins, which helped to preserve surface details in the cleaning process and to prevent over-treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20alloys" title="silver alloys">silver alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation" title=" conservation"> conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage" title=" heritage"> heritage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112170/corrosion-characteristics-and-electrochemical-treatment-of-heritage-silver-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">999</span> Fabrication and Characterization of Glass Nanofibers through Electrospinning of Silica Sol-Gel along with in situ Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahsa%20Kangazian%20Kangazi">Mahsa Kangazian Kangazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akbar%20Ghareh%20Aghaji"> Ali Akbar Ghareh Aghaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Montazer"> Majid Montazer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, silica nanofibers are highly regarded among the inorganic nanofibers due to the high reactivity and availability of silicon compounds in nature. Sol-gel process is required for electrospinning of silica nanofibers in which a metal alkoxide is hydrolyzed, and the viscosity is increased. In this study, silica nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles were synthesized and electrospun from a mixture of silica sol with an easy spinnable polymer (PVA) as an additive. The silica sol contains tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), silver nitrate, distilled water, nitric acid, and ethanol. Nanofibers were formed through electrospinning setup. The nanofibers were calcinated to remove the solvent and additive polymer. Consequently, pure silica nanofibers were produced. FTIR analysis indicated entire removal of polyvinyl alcohol from the structure and formation of silan groups. The presence of silver, silica and oxygen was confirmed by EDX. Also, XRD patterns revealed the presence of silver nanoparticles with a mean crystal size of 18 nm. FESEM images showed that adding silver nitrate into the sol-gel, resulted in lower nanofibers diameter from 286 to 136 nm. Furthermore, the electrospun nanofibers were more resistance in acidic media than alkaline media. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20situ%20synthesis%20of%20silver%20nanoparticles" title="in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles">in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20nanofibers" title=" silica nanofibers"> silica nanofibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel" title=" sol-gel"> sol-gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tetraethyl%20orthosilicate" title=" tetraethyl orthosilicate"> tetraethyl orthosilicate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82795/fabrication-and-characterization-of-glass-nanofibers-through-electrospinning-of-silica-sol-gel-along-with-in-situ-synthesis-of-ag-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">998</span> Silver Nanoparticles Impregnated Zeolitic Composites: Effect of the Silver Loading on Adsorption of Mercury (II)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhandos%20Tauanov">Zhandos Tauanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhawal%20Shah"> Dhawal Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grigorios%20Itskos"> Grigorios Itskos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vasileios%20Inglezakis"> Vasileios Inglezakis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Removal of mercury (II) from aqueous phase is of utmost importance, as it is highly toxic and hazardous to the environment and human health. One way of removal of mercury (II) ions from aqueous solutions is by using adsorbents derived from coal fly ash (CFA), such as synthetic zeolites. In this work, we present the hydrothermal production of synthetic zeolites from CFA with conversion rate of 75%. In order to produce silver containing nanocomposites, synthetic zeolites are subsequently impregnated with various amounts of silver nanoparticles, from 0.2 to 2wt.%. All produced zeolites and parent materials are characterized by XRD, XRF, BET, SEM, and TEM to obtain morphological and microstructural data. Moreover, mercury (II) ions removal from aqueous solutions with initial concentration of 10 ppm is studied. According to results, zeolites and Ag-nanocomposites demonstrate much higher removal than parent CFA (up to 98%). In addition to this, we could observe a distinct adsorption behavior depending on the loading of Ag NPs in nanocomposites. A possible reaction mechanism for both zeolites and Ag-nanocomposites is discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20fly%20ash" title="coal fly ash">coal fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury%20%28II%29%20removal" title=" mercury (II) removal"> mercury (II) removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nanoparticles" title=" silver nanoparticles"> silver nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthetic%20zeolite" title=" synthetic zeolite"> synthetic zeolite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87756/silver-nanoparticles-impregnated-zeolitic-composites-effect-of-the-silver-loading-on-adsorption-of-mercury-ii" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87756.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">997</span> Anticandidal and Antibacterial Silver and Silver(Core)-Gold(Shell) Bimetallic Nanoparticles by Fusarium graminearum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dipali%20Nagaonkar">Dipali Nagaonkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahendra%20Rai"> Mahendra Rai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanotechnology has experienced significant developments in engineered nanomaterials in the core-shell arrangement. Nanomaterials having nanolayers of silver and gold are of primary interest due to their wide applications in catalytical and biomedical fields. Further, mycosynthesis of nanoparticles has been proved as a sustainable synthetic approach of nanobiotechnology. In this context, we have synthesized silver and silver (core)-gold (shell) bimetallic nanoparticles using a fungal extract of Fusarium graminearum by sequential reduction. The core-shell deposition of nanoparticles was confirmed by the red shift in the surface plasmon resonance from 434 nm to 530 nm with the aid of the UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The mean particle size of Ag and Ag-Au nanoparticles was confirmed by nanoparticle tracking analysis as 37 nm and 50 nm respectively. Quite polydispersed and spherical nanoparticles are evident by TEM analysis. These mycosynthesized bimetallic nanoparticles were tested against some pathogenic bacteria and Candida sp. The antimicrobial analysis confirmed enhanced anticandidal and antibacterial potential of bimetallic nanoparticles over their monometallic counterparts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bimetallic%20nanoparticles" title="bimetallic nanoparticles">bimetallic nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core-shell%20arrangement" title=" core-shell arrangement"> core-shell arrangement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mycosynthesis" title=" mycosynthesis"> mycosynthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequential%20reduction" title=" sequential reduction"> sequential reduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23740/anticandidal-and-antibacterial-silver-and-silvercore-goldshell-bimetallic-nanoparticles-by-fusarium-graminearum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">573</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">996</span> Ligand-Depended Adsorption Characteristics of Silver Nanoparticles on Activated Carbon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamza%20Simsir">Hamza Simsir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurettin%20Eltugral"> Nurettin Eltugral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selhan%20Karag%C3%B6z"> Selhan Karagöz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface modification and functionalization has been an important tool for scientists in order to open new frontiers in nano science and nanotechnology. Desired surface characteristics for the intended applications can be achieved with surface functionalization. In this work, the effect of water soluble ligands on the adsorption capabilities of silver nanoparticles onto AC which was synthesized from German beech wood, was investigated. Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were used as the ligands. Silver nanoparticles with different surface coatings have average sizes range from 10 to 13 nm. They were synthesized in aqueous media by reducing Ag (I) ion in the presence of ligands. These particles displayed adsorption tendencies towards AC when they were mixed together and shaken in distilled water. Silver nanoparticles (NaBH4-AgNPs) reduced and stabilized by NaBH4 adsorbed onto AC with a homogenous dispersion of aggregates with sizes in the range of 100-400 nm. Beside, silver nanoparticles, which were prepared in the presence of both NaBH4 and PVA (NaBH4/PVA-Ag NPs), demonstrated that NaBH4/PVA-Ag NPs adsorbed and dispersed homogenously but, they aggregated with larger sizes on the AC surface (range from 300 to 600 nm). In addition, desorption resistance of Ag nanoparticles were investigated in distilled water. According to the results AgNPs were not desorbed on the AC surface in distilled water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silver%20nanoparticles" title="Silver nanoparticles">Silver nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ligand" title=" ligand"> ligand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20carbon" title=" activated carbon"> activated carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18783/ligand-depended-adsorption-characteristics-of-silver-nanoparticles-on-activated-carbon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18783.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">995</span> Silver Nanoparticles in Drinking Water Purification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Pooja%20Pragati">S. Pooja Pragati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Sudarsan"> B. Sudarsan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Rajkumar"> S. Rajkumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are known for their excellent antimicrobial agents, and thus can be used as alternative disinfectant agents. However, released silver nanoparticles is a threat to naturally occurring microorganisms. This paper exhibits information on the environmental fate, toxicological effects, and application of AgNP and the current estimate on the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of AgNP in different aqueous solutions, as well as their application as alternative disinfectants in water-treatment systems. It also gives a better approximation and experimental data of AgNP’s antimicrobial properties at different water chemistry conditions. A saturation-type fitting curve was established, showing the survival of bacteria under different water chemistry conditions as a function of the size of the nanoparticles. The results obtained show that silver nanoparticles in surface water, ground water, and brackish water are stable. The paper demonstrates the comparative study of AgNP-impregnated point-of-use ceramic water filters and ceramic filters impregnated with silver nitrate. It is observed that AgNP-impregnated ceramic water filters are more appropriate for this application due to the lesser amount of silver desorbed. Experimental data of the comparison of a polymer-based quaternary amine functionalized silsesquioxanes compound and AgNP are also tabulated and conclusions are analysed with the goal of optimizing. The simplicity of synthesis and application of Silver nanoparticles enables us to consider its effective modified version for the purification of water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disinfectant%20agent" title="disinfectant agent">disinfectant agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purification%20of%20water" title=" purification of water"> purification of water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20particles" title=" nano particles"> nano particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title=" water treatment "> water treatment </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29418/silver-nanoparticles-in-drinking-water-purification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">994</span> Spectroscopic Relation between Open Cluster and Globular Cluster</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robin%20Singh">Robin Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mayank%20Nautiyal"> Mayank Nautiyal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priyank%20Jain"> Priyank Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vatasta%20Koul"> Vatasta Koul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaibhav%20Sharma"> Vaibhav Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The curiosity to investigate the space and its mysteries was dependably the main impetus of human interest, as the particle of livings exists from the "debut de l'Univers" (beginning of the Universe) typified with its few other living things. The sharp drive to uncover the secrets of stars and their unusual deportment was dependably an ignitor of stars investigation. As humankind lives in civilizations and states, stars likewise live in provinces named ‘clusters’. Clusters are separates into 2 composes i.e. open clusters and globular clusters. An open cluster is a gathering of thousand stars that were moulded from a comparable goliath sub-nuclear cloud and for the most part; contain Propulsion I (extremely metal-rich) and Propulsion II (mild metal-rich), where globular clusters are around gathering of more than thirty thousand stars that circles a galactic focus and basically contain Propulsion III (to a great degree metal-poor) stars. Futurology of this paper lies in the spectroscopic investigation of globular clusters like M92 and NGC419 and open clusters like M34 and IC2391 in different color bands by using software like VIREO virtual observatory, Aladin, CMUNIWIN, and MS-Excel. Assessing the outcome Hertzsprung-Russel (HR) diagram with exemplary cosmological models like Einstein model, De Sitter and Planck survey demonstrate for a superior age estimation of respective clusters. Colour-Magnitude Diagram of these clusters was obtained by photometric analysis in g and r bands which further transformed into BV bands which will unravel the idea of stars exhibit in the individual clusters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20magnitude%20diagram" title="color magnitude diagram">color magnitude diagram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globular%20clusters" title=" globular clusters"> globular clusters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20clusters" title=" open clusters"> open clusters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Einstein%20model" title=" Einstein model"> Einstein model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96685/spectroscopic-relation-between-open-cluster-and-globular-cluster" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">993</span> Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan-Hydrocortisone Nanoshell for Drug Delivery Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suyeon%20Kwon">Suyeon Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ik%20Joong%20Kang"> Ik Joong Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Bingjie"> Wang Bingjie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chitosan is a polymer that is usually produced from N-deacetylation of chitin. It is emerging as a promising biocompatible polymer that is harmless to humans. For the reason that many merits such as good adsorptive, biodegradability, many researches are being done on the chitosan for drug delivery system. Drug delivery system (DDS) has been developed for the control of drug. It makes the drug can be delivered effectively and safely into the targeted human body. The drug used in this work is hydrocortisone that is used in Rheumatism, skin diseases, allergy treatment. In this work, hydrocortisone was used to make allergic rhinitis medicine. Our study focuses on drug delivery through the nasal mucosa by using hydrocortisone impregnated chitosan nanoshells. This study has performed an investigation in order to establish the optimal conditions, changing concentration, quantity of hydrocortisone. DLS, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, UV spectrum were used to analyze the manufactured chitosan-hydrocortisone silver nanoshell and silver nanoshell, whose function as drug carriers. This study has performed an investigation on new drug carriers and delivery routes for hydrocortisone. Various methods of manufacturing chitosan-hydrocortisone nanoshells were attempted in order to establish the optimal condition. As a result, the average size of chitosan-hydrocortisone silver nanoshell is about 80 nm. So, chitosan-hydrocortisone silver nanoshell is suitable as drug carriers because optimal size of drug carrier in human body is less than 120 nm. UV spectrum of Chitosan-hydrocortisone silver nanoshell shows the characteristic peak of silver nanoshell at 420 nm. Likewise, the average size of chitosan-hydrocortisone silver nanoshell is about 100nm. It is also suitable for drug carrier in human body. Also, multi-layered silver shell over chitosan nanoshells induced the red-shift of absorption peak and increased the intensity of absorption peak. The resultant chitosan–silver nanocomposites (or nanoshells) exhibited the absorption peak around 430nm attributed to silvershell formation. i.e. the absorption peak was red-shifted by ca. 40 nm in reference to 390 nm of silver nanoshells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan" title="chitosan">chitosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20delivery" title=" drug delivery"> drug delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrocortisone" title=" hydrocortisone"> hydrocortisone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhinitis" title=" rhinitis"> rhinitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoshell" title=" nanoshell"> nanoshell</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53497/preparation-and-characterization-of-chitosan-hydrocortisone-nanoshell-for-drug-delivery-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">992</span> Preparation of Activated Carbon Fibers (ACF) Impregnated with Ionic Silver Particles from Cotton Woven Waste and Its Performance as Antibacterial Agent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20Andres%20Pullas%20Navarrete">Jonathan Andres Pullas Navarrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ernesto%20Hale%20de%20la%20Torre%20Chauvin"> Ernesto Hale de la Torre Chauvin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, the antibacterial effect of activated carbon fibers (ACF) impregnated with ionic silver particles was studied. ACF were prepared from samples of cotton woven wastes (cotton based fabrics 5x10 cm) by applying a chemical activation procedure with H3PO4. This treatment was performed using several H3PO4: Cotton based fabrics weight ratios (1:2–2:1), temperatures (600–900 ºC) and activation times (0.5–2 h). The ACF obtained under the best activation conditions showed BET surface area of 1103 m2/g; this result along with iodine index demonstrated the microporous nature of the fibers herein obtained. Then, the obtained fibers were impregnated with ionic silver particles by immersion in 0.1 and 0.5 M AgNO3 solutions followed by drying and thermal decomposition in order to fix the silver particles in the structure of ACF. It was determined that the presence of Ag ions lowered the BET surface area of the ACF in approximately 17 % due to the obstruction of the porosities along the carbonized structure. Finally, the antibacterial effect of the ACF impregnated with silver was studied through direct counting method for coliforms. The antibacterial activity of the impregnated fibers was demonstrated, and it was attributed to the strongly inhibition of bacteria growth because of chemical properties of the particles of silver inside the ACF. This behavior was demonstrated at concentrations of silver as low as 0.035 % w/w. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20carbon" title="activated carbon">activated carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial%20activity" title=" antibacterial activity"> antibacterial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coliforms" title=" coliforms"> coliforms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20area" title=" surface area"> surface area</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58753/preparation-of-activated-carbon-fibers-acf-impregnated-with-ionic-silver-particles-from-cotton-woven-waste-and-its-performance-as-antibacterial-agent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58753.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">991</span> The Effect of Nano-Silver Packaging on Quality Maintenance of Fresh Strawberry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naser%20Valipour%20Motlagh">Naser Valipour Motlagh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Aliabadi"> Majid Aliabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elnaz%20Rahmani"> Elnaz Rahmani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira%20Ghorbanpour"> Samira Ghorbanpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Strawberry is one of the most favored fruits all along the world. But due to its vulnerability to microbial contamination and short life storage, there are lots of problems in industrial production and transportation of this fruit. Therefore, lots of ideas have tried to increase the storage life of strawberries especially through proper packaging. This paper works on efficient packaging as well. The primary material used is produced through simple mixing of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and silver nanoparticles in different weight fractions of 0.5 and 1% in presence of dicumyl peroxide as a cross-linking agent. Final packages were made in a twin-screw extruder. Then, their effect on the quality maintenance of strawberry is evaluated. The SEM images of nano-silver packages show the distribution of silver nanoparticles in the packages. Total bacteria count, mold, yeast and <em>E. coli</em> are measured for microbial evaluation of all samples. Texture, color, appearance, odor, taste and total acceptance of various samples are evaluated by trained panelists and based on 9-point hedonic scale method. The results show a decrease in total bacteria count and mold in nano-silver packages compared to the samples packed in polyethylene packages for the same storage time. The optimum concentration of silver nanoparticles for the lowest bacteria count and mold is predicted to be around 0.5% which has attained the most acceptance from the panelist as well. Moreover, organoleptic properties of strawberry are preserved for a longer period in nano-silver packages. It can be concluded that using nano-silver particles in strawberry packages has improved the storage life and quality maintenance of the fruit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20properties" title="antimicrobial properties">antimicrobial properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene" title=" polyethylene"> polyethylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nanoparticles" title=" silver nanoparticles"> silver nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strawberry" title=" strawberry "> strawberry </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127879/the-effect-of-nano-silver-packaging-on-quality-maintenance-of-fresh-strawberry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127879.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">990</span> Shape Evolution of CdSe Quantum Dots during the Synthesis in the Presence of Silver Halides</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavel%20Kotin">Pavel Kotin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20Dotofeev"> Sergey Dotofeev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniil%20Kozlov"> Daniil Kozlov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexey%20Garshev"> Alexey Garshev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We propose the investigation of CdSe quantum dots which were synthesized in the presence of silver halides. To understand a process of nanoparticle formation in more detail, we varied the silver halide amount in the synthesis and proposed a sampling during colloidal growth. The attempts were focused on the investigation of shape, structure and optical properties of nanoparticles. We used the colloidal method of synthesis. Cadmium oleate, tri-n-octylphosphine selenide (TOPSe) and AgHal in TOP were precursors of cadmium, selenium and silver halides correspondingly. The molar Ag/Cd ratio in synthesis was varied from 1/16 to 1/1. The sampling was basically realized in 20 sec, 5 min, and 30 min after the beginning of quantum dots nucleation. To investigate nanoparticles we used transmission electron microscopy (including high resolution one), X-ray diffraction, and optical spectroscopy. It was established that silver halides lead to obtaining tetrapods with different leg length and large ellipsoidal nanoparticles possessing an intensive near IR photoluminescence. The change of the amount of silver halide in synthesis and the selection of an optimal growth time allows controlling the shape and the share of tetrapods or ellipsoidal nanoparticles in the product. Our main attempts were focused on a detailed investigation of the quantum dots structure and shape evolution and, finally, on mechanisms of such nanoparticle formation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colloidal%20quantum%20dots" title="colloidal quantum dots">colloidal quantum dots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape%20evolution" title=" shape evolution"> shape evolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20doping" title=" silver doping"> silver doping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tetrapods" title=" tetrapods"> tetrapods</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75942/shape-evolution-of-cdse-quantum-dots-during-the-synthesis-in-the-presence-of-silver-halides" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">989</span> Rapid Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Solanum Nigrum Leaves Extract with Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anushaa%20A.">Anushaa A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were manufactured directly without harmful chemicals utilising methanol extract (SNLME) Solanum nigrume leaves. We are using nigrum leaf extract from Solanum, which converts silver nitrate to silver ions, for synthesization purposes. An examination of the AgNP produced was performed using ultraviolet (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) transformed from Fourier and scanning electrons (SEM). Biological activity was also tested. UV-VIS has proven that biosynthesized AgNP exists (420-450 nm). The FTIR spectrum has been utilised to confirm the presence of different functional groups within the biomolecules, which are a nanoparticular capping agent and the spectroscopic and crystal nature of AgNP. The viability of the silver nanoparticles was evaluated using zeta potential calculations. Negative zeta potential of -33.4 mV demonstrated the stability of silver-nanoparticles. The morphology of AgNP was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Greenly generated AgNP showed significant anti-Staphylococcus aureus, Candida, and Escherichia coli action. The green AgNP demonstration indicated that the IC50 for the human teratocarcinoma cell line was 29.24 μg/ml during 24 hours of therapy (PA1 Ovarian cell line). The dose-dependent effects were reported in both antibacterial and cytotoxicity assays and as an effective agent. Finally, the findings of this research showed that silver nanoparticles generated might serve as a viable therapeutic agent to combat microorganisms killing and curing cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity" title="antimicrobial activity">antimicrobial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PA1%20ovarian%20cancer%20cell%20line" title=" PA1 ovarian cancer cell line"> PA1 ovarian cancer cell line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nanoparticles" title=" silver nanoparticles"> silver nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solanum%20nigrum" title=" Solanum nigrum"> Solanum nigrum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138420/rapid-green-synthesis-of-silver-nanoparticles-using-solanum-nigrum-leaves-extract-with-antimicrobial-and-anticancer-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">988</span> Assessment of Acute Oral Toxicity Studies and Anti Diabetic Activity of Herbal Mediated Nanomedicine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanker%20Kalakotla">Shanker Kalakotla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krishna%20Mohan%20Gottumukkala"> Krishna Mohan Gottumukkala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, carbohydrates, altered lipids and proteins metabolism. In recent research nanotechnology is a blazing field for the researchers; latterly there has been prodigious excitement in the nanomedicine and nano pharmacological area for the study of silver nanoparticles synthesis using natural products. Biological methods have been used to synthesize silver nanoparticles in presence of medicinally active antidiabetic plants, and this intention made us assess the biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles from the seed extract of Psoralea corylfolia using 1 mM silver nitrate solution. The synthesized herbal mediated silver nanoparticles (HMSNP’s) then subjected to various characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, DLS, UV and FT-IR respectively. In current study, the silver nanoparticles tested for in-vitro anti-diabetic activity and possible toxic effects in healthy female albino mice by following OECD guidelines-425. Herbal mediated silver nanoparticles were successfully obtained from bioreduction of silver nitrate using Psoralea corylifolia plant extract. Silver nanoparticles have been appropriately characterized and confirmed using different types of equipment viz., UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, DLS, SEM and EDX analysis. From the behavioral observations of the study, the female albino mice did not show sedation, respiratory arrest, and convulsions. Test compounds did not cause any mortality at the dose level tested (i.e., 2000 mg/kg body weight) doses till the end of 14 days of observation and were considered safe. It may be concluded that LD50 of the HMSNPs was 2000mg/kg body weight. Since LD50 of the HMSNPs was 2000mg/kg body weight, so the preferred dose range for HMSNPs falls between the levels of 200 and 400 mg/kg. Further In-vivo pharmacological models and biochemical investigations will clearly elucidate the mechanism of action and will be helpful in projecting the currently synthesized silver nanoparticles as a therapeutic target in treating chronic ailments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=herbal%20mediated%20silver%20nanoparticles" title="herbal mediated silver nanoparticles">herbal mediated silver nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HMSNPs" title=" HMSNPs"> HMSNPs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity%20of%20silver%20nanoparticles" title=" toxicity of silver nanoparticles"> toxicity of silver nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PTP1B%20in-vitro%20anti-diabetic%20assay%20female%20albino%20mice" title=" PTP1B in-vitro anti-diabetic assay female albino mice"> PTP1B in-vitro anti-diabetic assay female albino mice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=425%20OECD%20guidelines" title=" 425 OECD guidelines"> 425 OECD guidelines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52640/assessment-of-acute-oral-toxicity-studies-and-anti-diabetic-activity-of-herbal-mediated-nanomedicine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">987</span> A Comparative Study of Multi-SOM Algorithms for Determining the Optimal Number of Clusters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Im%C3%A8n%20Khanchouch">Imèn Khanchouch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malika%20Charrad"> Malika Charrad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Limam"> Mohamed Limam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The interpretation of the quality of clusters and the determination of the optimal number of clusters is still a crucial problem in clustering. We focus in this paper on multi-SOM clustering method which overcomes the problem of extracting the number of clusters from the SOM map through the use of a clustering validity index. We then tested multi-SOM using real and artificial data sets with different evaluation criteria not used previously such as Davies Bouldin index, Dunn index and silhouette index. The developed multi-SOM algorithm is compared to k-means and Birch methods. Results show that it is more efficient than classical clustering methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title="clustering">clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SOM" title=" SOM"> SOM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-SOM" title=" multi-SOM"> multi-SOM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DB%20index" title=" DB index"> DB index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dunn%20index" title=" Dunn index"> Dunn index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silhouette%20index" title=" silhouette index"> silhouette index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17422/a-comparative-study-of-multi-som-algorithms-for-determining-the-optimal-number-of-clusters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17422.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">599</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">986</span> Forecasting Silver Commodity Prices Using Geometric Brownian Motion: A Stochastic Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sina%20Dehghani">Sina Dehghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhikang%20Rong"> Zhikang Rong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Historically, a variety of approaches have been taken to forecast commodity prices due to the significant implications of these values on the global economy. An accurate forecasting tool for a valuable commodity would significantly benefit investors and governmental agencies. Silver, in particular, has grown significantly as a commodity in recent years due to its use in healthcare and technology. This manuscript aims to utilize the Geometric Brownian Motion predictive model to forecast silver commodity prices over multiple 3-year periods. The results of the study indicate that the model has several limitations, particularly its inability to work effectively over longer periods of time, but still was extremely effective over shorter time frames. This study sets a baseline for silver commodity forecasting with GBM, and the model could be further strengthened with refinement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometric%20Brownian%20motion" title="geometric Brownian motion">geometric Brownian motion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commodity" title=" commodity"> commodity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volatility" title=" volatility"> volatility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20behavior" title=" stochastic behavior"> stochastic behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=price%20forecasting" title=" price forecasting"> price forecasting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192474/forecasting-silver-commodity-prices-using-geometric-brownian-motion-a-stochastic-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192474.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">985</span> Synthesis of Green Silver Nanoparticles with Aqueous Extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Its Characterization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mandeep%20Kataria">Mandeep Kataria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankita%20Thakur"> Ankita Thakur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Glycyrrhiza glabra grows in the sub- tropical and warm temperate regions of the world, in Mediterranean countries and China, America, Europe, Asia and Australia. It grows in areas with sunny, dry and hot climates. It has numerous medicinal properties like it is used to cure Peptic Ulcers, Canker sores, Eczema, Indigestion and Upper Respiratory Infections. Biosynthetic methods such as plant extract have emerged as a simple and viable alternative to more complex chemical synthetic procedures to obtain nanomaterials. Extract from plant may act both as reducing and capping agents in silver nanoparticles synthesis. In the present work, Green Silver nanoparticles were successfully formulated from bioreduction of silver nitrate solutions using Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract. These Green Silver nanoparticles have been appropriately characterized using Visible spectroscopy, colour change. The Antimicrobial activity was done by Agar disc diffusion assay. AgNPs were developed by using aqueous root extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra, which acts as a reducing as well as stabilizing agent. The green synthetic method is a fast, low cost and eco-friendly process in the field of nanotechnology. The study revealed that the green-synthesized silver nanoparticle provides a promising approach for antimicrobial activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Glycyrrhiza%20glabra" title="Glycyrrhiza glabra">Glycyrrhiza glabra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity" title=" antimicrobial activity"> antimicrobial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqueous%20extract" title=" aqueous extract"> aqueous extract</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102299/synthesis-of-green-silver-nanoparticles-with-aqueous-extract-of-glycyrrhiza-glabra-and-its-characterization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">984</span> Optimization of the Enzymatic Synthesis of the Silver Core-Shell Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lela%20Pintari%C4%87">Lela Pintarić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iva%20Rezi%C4%87"> Iva Rezić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Vrsalovi%C4%87%20Prese%C4%8Dki"> Ana Vrsalović Presečki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Considering an enormous increase of the use of metal nanoparticles with the exactly defined characteristics, the main goal of this research was to found the optimal and environmental friendly method of their synthesis. The synthesis of the inorganic core-shell nanoparticles was optimized as a model. The core-shell nanoparticles are composed of the enzyme core belted with the metal ions, oxides or salts as a shell. In this research, enzyme urease was the core catalyst and the shell nanoparticle was made of silver. Silver nanoparticles are widespread utilized and some of their common uses are: as an addition to disinfectants to ensure an aseptic environment for the patients, as a surface coating for neurosurgical shunts and venous catheters, as an addition to implants, in production of socks for diabetics and athletic clothing where they improve antibacterial characteristics, etc. Characteristics of synthesized nanoparticles directly depend on of their size, so the special care during this optimization was given to the determination of the size of the synthesized nanoparticles. For the purpose of the above mentioned optimization, sixteen experiments were generated by the Design of Experiments (DoE) method and conducted under various temperatures, with different initial concentration of the silver nitrate and constant concentration of the urease of two separate manufacturers. Synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed by the Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) method on Malvern NanoSight NS300. Results showed that the initial concentration of the silver ions does not affect the concentration of the synthesized silver nanoparticles neither their size distribution. On the other hand, temperature of the experiments has affected both of the mentioned values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core-shell%20nanoparticles" title="core-shell nanoparticles">core-shell nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver" title=" silver"> silver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urease" title=" urease"> urease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71426/optimization-of-the-enzymatic-synthesis-of-the-silver-core-shell-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">983</span> Effect of Silver Nanoparticles in Temperature Polarization of Distillation Membranes for Desalination Technologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lopez%20J.">Lopez J.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrvar%20M."> Mehrvar M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quinones%20E."> Quinones E.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suarez%20A."> Suarez A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Romero%20C."> Romero C.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Membrane Distillation is an emerging technology that uses thermal and membrane steps for the desalination process to get drinking water. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were deposited by dip-coating process over Polyvinylidene Fluoride, Fiberglass hydrophilic, and Polytetrafluoroethylene hydrophobic commercial membranes as substrate. Membranes were characterized and used in a Vacuum Membrane Distillation cell under Ultraviolet light with sea salt feed solution. The presence of AgNP increases the absorption of energy on the membrane, which improves the transmembrane flux. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nanoparticles" title="silver nanoparticles">silver nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20distillation" title=" membrane distillation"> membrane distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desalination%20technologies" title=" desalination technologies"> desalination technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20deliver" title=" heat deliver"> heat deliver</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148598/effect-of-silver-nanoparticles-in-temperature-polarization-of-distillation-membranes-for-desalination-technologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">982</span> Size and Content of the Doped Silver Affected the Pulmonary Toxicity of Silver-Doped Nano-Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts and the Optimization of These Two Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoquan%20Huang">Xiaoquan Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Congcong%20Li"> Congcong Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tingting%20Wei"> Tingting Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changcun%20Bai"> Changcun Bai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Na%20Liu"> Na Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng%20Tang"> Meng Tang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Silver is often doped on nano-titanium dioxide photocatalysts (Ag-TiO₂) by photodeposition method to improve their utilization of visible-light while increasing the toxicity of TiO₂。 However, it is not known what factors influence this toxicity and how to reduce toxicity while maintaining the maximum catalytic activity. In this study, Ag-TiO₂ photocatalysts were synthesized by the photodeposition method with different silver content (AgC) and photodeposition time (PDT). Characterization and catalytic experiments demonstrated that silver was well assembled on TiO₂ with excellent visible-light catalytic activity, and the size of silver increased with PDT. In vitro, the cell viability of lung epithelial cells A549 and BEAS-2B showed that the higher content and smaller size of silver doping caused higher toxicity. In vivo, Ag-TiO₂ catalysts with lower AgC or larger silver particle size obviously caused less pulmonary pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrosis responses. However, the visible light catalytic activity decreased with the increase in silver size. Therefore, in order to optimize the Ag-TiO₂ photocatalyst with the lowest pulmonary toxicity and highest catalytic performance, response surface methodology (RSM) was further performed to optimize the two independent variables of AgC and PDT. Visible-light catalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation rate of Rhodamine B, the antibacterial property was evaluated by killing log value for Escherichia coli, and cytotoxicity was evaluated by IC50 to BEAS-2B cells. As a result, the RSM model showed that AgC and PDT exhibited an interaction effect on catalytic activity in the quadratic model. AgC was positively correlated with antibacterial activity. Cytotoxicity was proportional to AgC while inversely proportional to PDT. Finally, the optimization values were AgC 3.08 w/w% and PDT 28 min. Under this optimal condition, the relatively high silver proportion ensured the visible-light catalytic and antibacterial activity, while the longer PDT effectively reduced the cytotoxicity. This study is of significance for the safe and efficient application of silver-doped TiO₂ photocatalysts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ag-doped%20TiO%E2%82%82" title="Ag-doped TiO₂">Ag-doped TiO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxicity" title=" cytotoxicity"> cytotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammtion" title=" inflammtion"> inflammtion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibrosis" title=" fibrosis"> fibrosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology" title=" response surface methodology"> response surface methodology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163273/size-and-content-of-the-doped-silver-affected-the-pulmonary-toxicity-of-silver-doped-nano-titanium-dioxide-photocatalysts-and-the-optimization-of-these-two-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163273.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">981</span> Effect of Surfactant on Thermal Conductivity of Ethylene Glycol/Silver Nanofluid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20C.%20Muhammed%20Irshad">E. C. Muhammed Irshad </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanofluids are a new class of solid-liquid colloidal mixture consisting of nanometer sized (< 100nm) solid particles suspended in heat transfer fluids such as water, ethylene/propylene glycol etc. Nanofluids offer excellent scope of enhancing thermal conductivity of common heat transfer fluids and it leads to enhancement of the heat transfer coefficient. In the present study, silver nanoparticles are dispersed in ethylene glycol water mixture. Low volume concentrations (0.05%, 0.1% and 0.15%) of silver nanofluids were synthesized. The thermal conductivity of these nanofluids was determined with thermal property analyzer (KD2 pro apparatus) and heat transfer coefficient was found experimentally. Initially, the thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids were calculated with various correlations at different concentrations and were compared. Thermal conductivity of silver nanofluid at 0.02% and 0.1% concentration of silver nanoparticle increased to 23.3% and 27.7% for Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) and to 33.6% and 36.7% for Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP), respectively. The nanofluid maintains the stability for two days and it starts to settle down due to high density of silver. But it shows good improvement in the thermal conductivity for low volume concentration and it also shows better improvement with Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) surfactant than Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k-thermal%20conductivity" title="k-thermal conductivity">k-thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20dodecyl%20sulfate" title=" sodium dodecyl sulfate"> sodium dodecyl sulfate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vinyl%20pyrrolidone" title=" vinyl pyrrolidone"> vinyl pyrrolidone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechatronics%20engineering" title=" mechatronics engineering"> mechatronics engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9926/effect-of-surfactant-on-thermal-conductivity-of-ethylene-glycolsilver-nanofluid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">980</span> A Technique for Image Segmentation Using K-Means Clustering Classification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadia%20Basar">Sadia Basar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naila%20Habib"> Naila Habib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Awais%20Adnan"> Awais Adnan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents the Technique for Image Segmentation Using K-Means Clustering Classification. The presented algorithms were specific, however, missed the neighboring information and required high-speed computerized machines to run the segmentation algorithms. Clustering is the process of partitioning a group of data points into a small number of clusters. The proposed method is content-aware and feature extraction method which is able to run on low-end computerized machines, simple algorithm, required low-quality streaming, efficient and used for security purpose. It has the capability to highlight the boundary and the object. At first, the user enters the data in the representation of the input. Then in the next step, the digital image is converted into groups clusters. Clusters are divided into many regions. The same categories with same features of clusters are assembled within a group and different clusters are placed in other groups. Finally, the clusters are combined with respect to similar features and then represented in the form of segments. The clustered image depicts the clear representation of the digital image in order to highlight the regions and boundaries of the image. At last, the final image is presented in the form of segments. All colors of the image are separated in clusters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title="clustering">clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20segmentation" title=" image segmentation"> image segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K-means%20function" title=" K-means function"> K-means function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20and%20global%20minimum" title=" local and global minimum"> local and global minimum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=region" title=" region"> region</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25635/a-technique-for-image-segmentation-using-k-means-clustering-classification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25635.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">979</span> Biosurfactant-Mediated Nanoparticle Synthesis by Bacillus subtilis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satya%20Eswari%20Jujjavarapu">Satya Eswari Jujjavarapu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swasti%20Dhagat"> Swasti Dhagat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lata%20%20Upadhyay"> Lata Upadhyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reecha%20Sahu"> Reecha Sahu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Silver nanoparticles have a broad range of antimicrobial and antifungal properties ranging from soaps, pastes to sterilization and drug delivery systems. These can be synthesized by physical, chemical and biological methods; biological methods being the most popular owing to their non-toxic nature and reduced energy requirements. Microbial surfactants, produced on the microbial cell surface or excreted extracellularly are an alternative to synthetic surfactants for the production of silver nanoparticles. Hence, they are also called as green molecules. Microbial lipopeptide surfactants (biosurfactant) exhibit anti-tumor and anti-microbial properties and can be used as drug delivery agents. In this study, biosurfactant was synthesized by using a strain of acillus subtilis. The biosurfactant thus produced was analysed by emulsification assay, oil spilling test, and haemolytic test. Biosurfactant-mediated silver nanoparticles were synthesised by microwave irradiation of the culture supernatant and further characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy for a range of 400-600 nm. The UV–vis spectra showed a surface plasmon resonance vibration band at 410 nm corresponding to the peak of silver nanoparticles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosurfactant" title="biosurfactant">biosurfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bacillus%20subtilis" title=" Bacillus subtilis"> Bacillus subtilis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nano%20particle" title=" silver nano particle"> silver nano particle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipopeptide" title=" lipopeptide"> lipopeptide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65052/biosurfactant-mediated-nanoparticle-synthesis-by-bacillus-subtilis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">978</span> Synthesis and Characterization of PVDF, FG, PTFE, and PES Membrane Distillation Modified with Silver Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lopez%20J.">Lopez J.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrvar%20M."> Mehrvar M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quinones%20E."> Quinones E.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suarez%20A."> Suarez A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RomeroC."> RomeroC.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Silver Nanoparticles (AgNP) are used as deliver of heat on surface of Membrane Distillation in order to fight against Thermal Polarization and improving the Desalination Process. In this study AgNPwere deposited by dip coating process over PVDF, FG hydrophilic, and PTFE hydrophobic commercial membranes as substrate. Membranes were characterized by SEM, EDS, contact angle, Pore size distributionand using a UV lamp and a thermal camera were measured the performance of heat deliver. The presence of AgNP 50 – 150 nm and the increase in absorption of energy over membrane were verified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nanoparticles" title="silver nanoparticles">silver nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20distillation" title=" membrane distillation"> membrane distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasmon%20effect" title=" plasmon effect"> plasmon effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20deliver" title=" heat deliver"> heat deliver</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148183/synthesis-and-characterization-of-pvdf-fg-ptfe-and-pes-membrane-distillation-modified-with-silver-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">977</span> Production and Characterization of Silver Doped Hydroxyapatite Thin Films for Biomedical Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20L%20Popa">C. L Popa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.S.%20Ciobanu"> C.S. Ciobanu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20L.%20Iconaru"> S. L. Iconaru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Chapon"> P. Chapon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Costescu"> A. Costescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Le%20Coustumer"> P. Le Coustumer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Predoi"> D. Predoi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the preparation and characterization of silver doped hydroxyapatite thin films and their antimicrobial activity characterized is reported. The resultant Ag: HAp films coated on commercially pure Si disks substrates were systematically characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy detector (X-EDS), Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). GDOES measurements show that a substantial Ag content has been deposited in the films. The X-EDS and GDOES spectra revealed the presence of a material composed mainly of phosphate, calcium, oxygen, hydrogen and silver. The antimicrobial efficiency of Ag:HAp thin films against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was demonstrated. Ag:HAp thin films could lead to a decrease of infections especially in the case of bone and dental implants by surface modification of implantable medical devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver" title="silver">silver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroxyapatite" title=" hydroxyapatite"> hydroxyapatite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20films" title=" thin films"> thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GDOES" title=" GDOES"> GDOES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FTIR" title=" FTIR"> FTIR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20effect" title=" antimicrobial effect"> antimicrobial effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2458/production-and-characterization-of-silver-doped-hydroxyapatite-thin-films-for-biomedical-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2458.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">976</span> Creation of Greater Mekong Subregion Regional Competitiveness through Cluster Mapping</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danuvasin%20Charoen">Danuvasin Charoen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research investigates cluster development in the area called the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), which consists of Thailand, the People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Yunnan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Myanmar, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Cambodia, and Vietnam. The study utilized Porter’s competitiveness theory and the cluster mapping approach to analyze the competitiveness of the region. The data collection consists of interviews, focus groups, and the analysis of secondary data. The findings identify some evidence of cluster development in the GMS; however, there is no clear indication of collaboration among the components in the clusters. GMS clusters tend to be stand-alone. The clusters in Vietnam, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Cambodia tend to be labor intensive, whereas the clusters in Thailand and the PRC (Yunnan) have the potential to successfully develop into innovative clusters. The collaboration and integration among the clusters in the GMS area are promising, though it could take a long time. The most likely relationship between the GMS countries could be, for example, suppliers of the low-end, labor-intensive products will be located in the low income countries such as Myanmar, Lao PDR, and Cambodia, and these countries will be providing input materials for innovative clusters in the middle income countries such as Thailand and the PRC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster" title="cluster">cluster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GMS" title=" GMS"> GMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitiveness" title=" competitiveness"> competitiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55430/creation-of-greater-mekong-subregion-regional-competitiveness-through-cluster-mapping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55430.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">975</span> In vitro Cytotoxicity Study on Silver Powders Synthesized via Different Routes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Otilia%20Ruxandra%20Vasile">Otilia Ruxandra Vasile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ecaterina%20Andronescu"> Ecaterina Andronescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristina%20Daniela%20Ghitulica"> Cristina Daniela Ghitulica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bogdan%20Stefan%20Vasile"> Bogdan Stefan Vasile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roxana%20Trusca"> Roxana Trusca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eugeniu%20Vasile"> Eugeniu Vasile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alina%20Maria%20Holban"> Alina Maria Holban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carmen%20Mariana%20Chifiriuc"> Carmen Mariana Chifiriuc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florin%20Iordache"> Florin Iordache</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Horia%20Maniu"> Horia Maniu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Engineered powders offer great promise in several applications, but little information is known about cytotoxicity effects. The aim of the current study was the synthesis and cytotoxicity examination of silver powders using pyrosol method at temperatures of 600°C, 650°C and 700°C, respectively sol-gel method and calcinations at 500°C, 600°C, 700°C and 800°C. We have chosen to synthesize and examine silver particles cytotoxicity due to its use in biological applications. The synthesized Ag powders were characterized from the structural, compositional and morphological point of view by using XRD, SEM, and TEM with SAED. In order to determine the influence of the synthesis route on Ag particles cytotoxicity, different sizes of micro and nanosilver synthesized powders were evaluated for their potential toxicity. For the study of their cytotoxicity, cell cycle and apoptosis have been done analysis through flow cytometry on human colon carcinoma cells and mesenchymal stem cells and through the MTT assay, while the viability and the morphological changes of the cells have been evaluated by using cloning studies. The results showed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles have displayed significant cytotoxicity effects on cell cultures. Our synthesized silver powders were found to present toxicity in a synthesis route and time-dependent manners for pyrosol synthesized nanoparticles; whereas a lower cytotoxicity has been measured after cells were treated with silver nanoparticles synthesized through sol-gel method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ag" title="Ag">Ag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxicity" title=" cytotoxicity"> cytotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrosol%20method" title=" pyrosol method"> pyrosol method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel%20method" title=" sol-gel method"> sol-gel method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25784/in-vitro-cytotoxicity-study-on-silver-powders-synthesized-via-different-routes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25784.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">594</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">974</span> Antimicrobial Activity of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles with Handroanthus Chrysanthus Flower Extract</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eduardo%20Padilla">Eduardo Padilla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luis%20Daniel%20Rodriguez"> Luis Daniel Rodriguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Sanchez"> Ivan Sanchez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angelica%20Sofia%20Go"> Angelica Sofia Go</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The synthesis and application of metallic nanoparticles have increased in recent years. Biological methods go beyond the chemical and physical synthesis that is expensive and not friendly to the environment. Therefore, in this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized biologically in an environmentally friendly way by Handroanthus chrysanthus flower aqueous extract (AgNPs) that contains phytochemicals capable of reducing silver nitrate. AgNPs were characterized visually by UV-visible spectroscopy and TEM. The antimicrobial activity of the AgNPs was tested by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains AgNPs showed potent antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. MIC and MBC values were as low as 41.6, and 83.2 ug/mL using AgNPs biosynthesized by H. chrysanthus flower extract. This nanoparticle could be the basis for the formulation of disinfectants for use in the food and pharmaceutical industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title="antimicrobial">antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nanoparticles" title=" silver nanoparticles"> silver nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flower%20extract" title=" flower extract"> flower extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Handroanthus" title=" Handroanthus"> Handroanthus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161062/antimicrobial-activity-of-biosynthesized-silver-nanoparticles-with-handroanthus-chrysanthus-flower-extract" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">973</span> Bioremediation of Disposed X-Ray Film for Nanoparticles Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Essam%20A.%20Makky">Essam A. Makky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20H.%20Mohd%20Rasdi"> Siti H. Mohd Rasdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20B.%20Al-Dabbagh"> J. B. Al-Dabbagh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20F.%20Najmuldeen"> G. F. Najmuldeen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The synthesis of silver nano particles (SNPs) extensively studied by using chemical and physical methods. Here, the biological methods were used and give benefits in research field in the aspect of very low cost (from waste to wealth) and safe time as well. The study aims to isolate and exploit the microbial power in the production of industrially important by-products in nano-size with high economic value, to extract highly valuable materials from hazardous waste, to quantify nano particle size, and characterization of SNPs by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Disposal X-ray films were used as substrate because it consumes about 1000 tons of total silver chemically produced worldwide annually. This silver is being wasted when these films are used and disposed. Different bacterial isolates were obtained from various sources. Silver was extracted as nano particles by microbial power degradation from disposal X-ray film as the sole carbon source for ten days incubation period in darkness. The protein content was done and all the samples were analyzed using XRD, to characterize of silver (Ag) nano particles size in the form of silver nitrite. Bacterial isolates CL4C showed the average size of SNPs about 19.53 nm, GL7 showed average size about 52.35 nm and JF Outer 2A (PDA) showed 13.52 nm. All bacterial isolates partially identified using Gram’s reaction and the results obtained exhibited that belonging to Bacillus sp. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotechnology" title="nanotechnology">nanotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioremediation" title=" bioremediation"> bioremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disposal%20X-ray%20film" title=" disposal X-ray film"> disposal X-ray film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticle" title=" nanoparticle"> nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste" title=" waste"> waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18719/bioremediation-of-disposed-x-ray-film-for-nanoparticles-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18719.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20clusters&page=1" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20clusters&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">2</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20clusters&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20clusters&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20clusters&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20clusters&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20clusters&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20clusters&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20clusters&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20clusters&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20clusters&page=34">34</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20clusters&page=35">35</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20clusters&page=3" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>