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href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_Wikipedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Introduction to Wikipedia">anyone can edit</a>. </div> <div id="articlecount"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Statistics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Statistics">6,922,662</a> articles in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/English_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="English language">English</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mp-upper"> <div id="mp-left" class="MainPageBG mp-box"> <h2 id="From_today's_featured_article" class="mp-h2"><span id="From_today.27s_featured_article"></span>From today's featured article</h2> <div id="mp-tfa" class="mp-contains-float"> <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Len_Deighton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Len Deighton">Len Deighton</a></b> (born 1929) is a British author. His publications have included cookery books and works on history, but he is best known for his <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spy_fiction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spy fiction">spy novels</a>. He had several jobs before writing his first novel, <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_IPCRESS_File?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The IPCRESS File">The IPCRESS File</a></i>, in 1962; it was a critical and commercial success. He wrote several spy novels featuring the same central character, an unnamed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Working_class?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Working class">working-class</a> intelligence officer. Between 1962 and 1966, Deighton was the food correspondent for <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Observer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i> and drew <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cookstrip?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cookstrip">cookstrips</a> – black-and-white graphic recipes with a limited number of words. A selection of these was collected and published in 1965 as <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Len_Deighton%27s_Action_Cook_Book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Len Deighton's Action Cook Book">Len Deighton's Action Cook Book</a></i>, the first of five cookery books he wrote. Other topics of non-fiction include military history. Many of his books have been best-sellers and he has been favourably compared with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_le_Carr%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John le Carré">John le Carré</a>. Deighton's fictional work is marked by a complex narrative structure, extensive research and an air of verisimilitude. Several of his works have been adapted for film and radio. 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.hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <div class="hlist inline"> <ul> <li><i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shovel_Knight_Showdown?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shovel Knight Showdown">Shovel Knight Showdown</a></i></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Golding_Bird?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Golding Bird">Golding Bird</a></li> <li>"<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/You_Belong_with_Me?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="You Belong with Me">You Belong with Me</a>"</li> </ul> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/December_2024?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 2024">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li> </ul> </div> </div> <h2 id="Did_you_know_..." class="mp-h2">Did you know ...</h2> <div id="mp-dyk" class="mp-contains-float"> <div class="dyk-img" style="float: right; margin-left: 0.5em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 173px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Orphan_Rescues_Grandfather_scene_1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Scene from Orphan Rescues Grandfather"><img alt="Scene from Orphan Rescues Grandfather" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Orphan_Rescues_Grandfather_scene_1.jpg/173px-Orphan_Rescues_Grandfather_scene_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="173" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Orphan_Rescues_Grandfather_scene_1.jpg/260px-Orphan_Rescues_Grandfather_scene_1.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Orphan_Rescues_Grandfather_scene_1.jpg/346px-Orphan_Rescues_Grandfather_scene_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="262"></a></span> <div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;"> Scene from <i>Orphan Rescues Grandfather</i> </div> </div> </div> <ul> <li>... that <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zhou_Jianyun?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zhou Jianyun">Zhou Jianyun</a></b> pawned his wife's jewellery to make <i><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orphan_Rescues_Grandfather?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orphan Rescues Grandfather">Orphan Rescues Grandfather</a></b></i> <i>(scene pictured)</i>, saving his studio?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Verificado_2018?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Verificado 2018">Verificado 2018</a></b> was a fact-checking collaboration between at least 90 organizations to counter <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Disinformation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a> during the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2018_Mexican_general_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2018 Mexican general election">2018 Mexican federal election</a>?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tommy_Suggs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tommy Suggs">Tommy Suggs</a></b> recommended using <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Also_sprach_Zarathustra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Also sprach Zarathustra">Also sprach Zarathustra</a></i> as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Carolina_Gamecocks_football?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Carolina Gamecocks football">his college football team</a>'s entrance music, because he saw <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elvis_Presley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a> do it first?</li> <li>... that "unusual choices" at <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liliget_Feast_House?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liliget Feast House">Liliget Feast House</a></b> included wind-dried salmon and pan-fried <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eulachon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eulachon">oolichans</a>?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rada_Dyson-Hudson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rada Dyson-Hudson">Rada Dyson-Hudson</a></b> was denied academic tenure at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cornell_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> despite her academic record and capabilities?</li> <li>... that the <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jiangwan_Racecourse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jiangwan Racecourse">Jiangwan Racecourse</a></b> hosted horse races, a golf club, and prisoners of war?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Codex_Monacensis_(X_033)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Codex Monacensis (X 033)">a manuscript of the New Testament</a></b> was bound in the wrong order, which a scholar decried: "the bookbinder has messed everything up"?</li> <li>... that <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doctor_Who?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i> star <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Capaldi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Capaldi">Peter Capaldi</a></b> was a fan of the series as a child?</li> <li>... that the <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Backflip_(figure_skating)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Backflip (figure skating)">backflip</a></b> ban in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Figure_skating?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Figure skating">figure skating</a> was lifted in 2024 alongside other "somersault type jumps"?</li> </ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <div class="hlist dyk-footer noprint" style="margin-top: 0.5em; text-align: right;"> <ul> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Recent_additions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Recent additions">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Your_first_article?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Your first article">Start a new article</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template_talk:Did_you_know?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template talk:Did you know">Nominate an article</a></b></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mp-right" class="MainPageBG mp-box"> <h2 id="In_the_news" class="mp-h2">In the news</h2> <div id="mp-itn" class="mp-contains-float"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1053378754">.mw-parser-output .itn-img{float:right;margin-left:0.5em;margin-top:0.2em}</style> <div role="figure" class="itn-img"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 121px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Bashar_al-Assad_(2018-05-17)_02_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Bashar al-Assad in 2018"><img alt="Bashar al-Assad in 2018" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bashar_al-Assad_%282018-05-17%29_02_%28cropped%29.jpg/121px-Bashar_al-Assad_%282018-05-17%29_02_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bashar_al-Assad_%25282018-05-17%2529_02_%2528cropped%2529.jpg/182px-Bashar_al-Assad_%25282018-05-17%2529_02_%2528cropped%2529.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Bashar_al-Assad_%25282018-05-17%2529_02_%2528cropped%2529.jpg/242px-Bashar_al-Assad_%25282018-05-17%2529_02_%2528cropped%2529.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="1876"></a></span> <div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: left;"> Bashar al-Assad </div> </div> </div> <ul> <li>Syrian rebel forces <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fall_of_Damascus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fall of Damascus">capture Damascus</a></b> following <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2024 Syrian opposition offensives">multiple offensives</a> as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fall of the Assad regime">overthrown</a> president <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> <i>(pictured)</i> flees to Russia.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame de Paris</a> <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reopening_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reopening of Notre-Dame de Paris">reopens</a></b> following reconstruction after <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Notre-Dame_fire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Notre-Dame fire">the 2019 fire</a>.</li> <li>The first round of <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2024%E2%80%9325_Romanian_presidential_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2024–25 Romanian presidential election">the Romanian presidential election</a></b> is annulled by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Romania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constitutional Court of Romania">Constitutional Court</a> following allegations of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_regime_change?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russian involvement in regime change">Russian electoral interference</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barnier_government?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barnier government">French government</a>, led by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michel_Barnier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michel Barnier">Michel Barnier</a>, <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Collapse_of_the_Barnier_government?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Collapse of the Barnier government">collapses</a></b> following a vote of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Motion of no confidence">no confidence</a> by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="itn-footer" style="margin-top: 0.5em;"> <div> <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Current_events?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Current events">Ongoing</a></b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <div class="hlist inline"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2024_Israeli_invasion_of_Lebanon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon">Israeli invasion of Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_August_2024_%E2%80%93_present)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 August 2024 – present)">timeline</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Sudanese civil war</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2024)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2024)">timeline</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div> <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deaths_in_2024?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deaths in 2024">Recent deaths</a></b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <div class="hlist inline"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eddie_Stobart?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eddie Stobart">Eddie Stobart</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dickie_Rock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dickie Rock">Dickie Rock</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michael_Ruetz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michael Ruetz">Michael Ruetz</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paolo_Pillitteri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paolo Pillitteri">Paolo Pillitteri</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maggie_Tabberer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maggie Tabberer">Maggie Tabberer</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kelly_Powers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kelly Powers">Kelly Powers</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <div class="hlist itn-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:In_the_news/Candidates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:In the news/Candidates">Nominate an article</a></b></li> </ul> </div> </div> <h2 id="On_this_day" class="mp-h2">On this day</h2> <div id="mp-otd" class="mp-contains-float"> <p><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/December_11?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="December 11">December 11</a></b></p> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;" id="mp-otd-img"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;" id="mp-otd-img"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 127px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Old_Well_2008.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Old Well at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"><img alt="Old Well at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Old_Well_2008.jpg/127px-Old_Well_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Old_Well_2008.jpg/191px-Old_Well_2008.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Old_Well_2008.jpg/254px-Old_Well_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3145"></a></span> <div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Old_Well?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Old Well">Old Well</a> at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill </div> </div> </div> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1789?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1789">1789</a> – The <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill">University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</a></b> <i>(structure pictured)</i>, one of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oldest_public_university_in_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oldest public university in the United States">oldest public universities in the United States</a> and the only one to award degrees in the 18th century, was chartered.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1886?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1886">1886</a> – The London-based <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Association_football?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Association football">football</a> club <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arsenal_F.C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arsenal F.C.">Arsenal</a>, then known as Dial Square, <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/History_of_Arsenal_F.C._(1886%E2%80%931966)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="History of Arsenal F.C. (1886–1966)">played their first match</a></b> on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isle_of_Dogs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isle of Dogs">Isle of Dogs</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1920?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1920">1920</a> – <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a>: Following an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1919%E2%80%931922)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)">Irish Republican Army</a> ambush of an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auxiliary_Division?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auxiliary Division">Auxiliary</a> patrol, British forces <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Burning_of_Cork?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Burning of Cork">burned and looted numerous buildings</a></b> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cork_(city)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2006?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2006">2006</a> – Criticized worldwide as a "meeting of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holocaust_denial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust deniers</a>", the <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Conference_to_Review_the_Global_Vision_of_the_Holocaust?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust">International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust</a></b> opened in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tehran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>.</li> </ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <div class="hlist" style="margin-top: 0.5em;"> <ul> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Averroes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Averroes">Averroes</a></b> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1198)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kamehameha_V?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kamehameha V">Kamehameha V</a></b> (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1830; <abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1872)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carl_von_In_der_Maur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carl von In der Maur">Carl von In der Maur</a></b> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1913)</li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Big_Mama_Thornton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Big Mama Thornton">Big Mama Thornton</a></b> (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1926)</li> </ul> </div> <div style="margin-top:0.5em;"> More anniversaries: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/December_10?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="December 10">December 10</a></li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/December_11?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="December 11">December 11</a></b></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/December_12?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="December 12">December 12</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <div class="hlist otd-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/December?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/December">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_days_of_the_year?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of days of the year">List of days of the year</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries">About</a></b></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mp-lower" class="MainPageBG mp-box"> <h2 id="Today's_featured_picture" class="mp-h2"><span id="Today.27s_featured_picture"></span>Today's featured picture</h2> <div id="mp-tfp"> <table role="presentation" style="margin:0 3px 3px; width:100%; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="padding:0 0.9em 0 0; width:400px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Dusky_Grasswren_0A2A9591.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Dusky grasswren"><img alt="Dusky grasswren" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dusky_Grasswren_0A2A9591.jpg/400px-Dusky_Grasswren_0A2A9591.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dusky_Grasswren_0A2A9591.jpg/600px-Dusky_Grasswren_0A2A9591.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dusky_Grasswren_0A2A9591.jpg/800px-Dusky_Grasswren_0A2A9591.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4578" data-file-height="3052"></a></span></td> <td style="padding:0 6px 0 0"><p>The <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dusky_grasswren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dusky grasswren">dusky grasswren</a></b> (<i>Amytornis purnelli</i>) is a species of small <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Passerine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Passerine">passerine</a> bird in the family <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australasian_wren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australasian wren">Maluridae</a>. The species is endemic to Australia, in which it is limited to inland areas of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northern_Territory?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Western_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>. The dusky grasswren inhabits rocky ranges and outcrops, often preferring tumbled talus or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scree?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scree">scree</a>, and with areas of thick, long-unburnt spinifex grasses in the genus <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Triodia_(plant)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Triodia (plant)">Triodia</a></i>. In the wild, it has been observed feeding on a range of small arthropods and other invertebrates as well as seeds. The vocal repertoire of the dusky grasswren is varied and includes trills, high-pitched whistles, rapid twittering, and high-speed warbling. This dusky grasswren was photographed in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ormiston_Pound?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ormiston Pound">Ormiston Pound</a> in the Northern Territory.</p><p style="text-align:left;"><small>Photograph credit: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/User:JJ_Harrison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="User:JJ Harrison">John Harrison</a></small></p> <div class="potd-recent" style="text-align:right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <div class="hlist inline"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:POTD/2024-12-10?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:POTD/2024-12-10">Kitt Peak National Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:POTD/2024-12-09?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:POTD/2024-12-09"><i>Leucojum vernum</i></a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:POTD/2024-12-08?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:POTD/2024-12-08">Jean Ritchie</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <div class="hlist potd-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Picture_of_the_day/Archive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Picture of the day/Archive">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_pictures?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Featured pictures">More featured pictures</a></b></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div id="mp-bottom" class="mp-box"> <h2 id="Other_areas_of_Wikipedia" class="mp-h2">Other areas of Wikipedia</h2> <div id="mp-other-content"> <ul> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Community portal">Community portal</a></b> – The central hub for editors, with resources, links, tasks, and announcements.</li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Village pump">Village pump</a></b> – Forum for discussions about Wikipedia itself, including policies and technical issues.</li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:News?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:News">Site news</a></b> – Sources of news about Wikipedia and the broader Wikimedia movement.</li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">Teahouse</a></b> – Ask basic questions about using or editing Wikipedia.</li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></b> – Ask questions about using or editing Wikipedia.</li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk">Reference desk</a></b> – Ask research questions about encyclopedic topics.</li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Content portals</a></b> – A unique way to navigate the encyclopedia.</li> </ul> </div> <h2 id="Wikipedia's_sister_projects" class="mp-h2"><span id="Wikipedia.27s_sister_projects"></span>Wikipedia's sister projects</h2> <div id="mp-sister-content"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239335380">.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li span{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px 4px}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{text-align:center}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}}@media(min-width:360px){.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{width:33%;min-width:20em;white-space:nowrap;flex:1 0 25%}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{min-width:50px}}</style> <p>Wikipedia is written by volunteer editors and hosted by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a>, a non-profit organization that also hosts a range of other volunteer <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wikimediafoundation.org/our-work/wikimedia-projects/" class="extiw" title="foundationsite:our-work/wikimedia-projects/">projects</a>:</p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/47px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/62px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></a></span> </div> <div> <span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="c:">Commons</a></span><br> Free media repository </div></li> <li> <div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Meta-Wiki"><img alt="Meta-Wiki logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/35px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/53px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg/70px-Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900"></a></span> </div> <div> <span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta-Wiki</a></span><br> Wikimedia project coordination </div></li> <li> <div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="Wikibooks"><img alt="Wikibooks logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/35px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/53px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/70px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></a></span> </div> <div> <span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="b:">Wikibooks</a></span><br> Free textbooks and manuals </div></li> <li> <div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wikidata logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"></a></span> </div> <div> <span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="d:">Wikidata</a></span><br> Free knowledge base </div></li> <li> <div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/" title="Wikinews"><img alt="Wikinews logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/51px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/77px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/102px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"></a></span> </div> <div> <span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="n:">Wikinews</a></span><br> Free-content news </div></li> <li> <div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Wikiquote"><img alt="Wikiquote logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/53px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/70px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></a></span> </div> <div> <span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a></span><br> Collection of quotations </div></li> <li> <div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/" title="Wikisource"><img alt="Wikisource logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/35px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/53px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/70px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></a></span> </div> <div> <span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="s:">Wikisource</a></span><br> Free-content library </div></li> <li> <div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Wikispecies"><img alt="Wikispecies logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/35px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/53px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/70px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103"></a></span> </div> <div> <span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="species:">Wikispecies</a></span><br> Directory of species </div></li> <li> <div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/" title="Wikiversity"><img alt="Wikiversity logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/62px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/82px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512"></a></span> </div> <div> <span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="v:">Wikiversity</a></span><br> Free learning tools </div></li> <li> <div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" title="Wikivoyage"><img alt="Wikivoyage logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/35px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/53px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/70px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"></a></span> </div> <div> <span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="voy:">Wikivoyage</a></span><br> Free travel guide </div></li> <li> <div> <span class="sister-projects-wikt-icon-light"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Wiktionary"><img alt="Wiktionary logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/53px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/70px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391"></a></span></span><span class="sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Wiktionary"><img alt="Wiktionary logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/62px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/82px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350"></a></span></span> </div> <div> <span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wiktionary</a></span><br> Dictionary and thesaurus </div></li> </ul> </div> </div> <h2 id="Wikipedia_languages" class="mp-h2">Wikipedia languages</h2> <div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r997272951">.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-complete{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages ul a{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages>ul{list-style:none;text-align:center;clear:both}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-count-container{width:90%;display:flex;justify-content:center;padding-top:1em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-prettybars{width:100%;height:1px;margin:0.5em 0;background-color:#c8ccd1;flex-shrink:1;align-self:center}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-count{padding:0 1em;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="wikipedia-languages nourlexpansion"> <p>This Wikipedia is written in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/English_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="English language">English</a>. Many <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias" class="extiw" title="meta:List of Wikipedias">other Wikipedias are available</a>; some of the largest are listed below.</p> <ul class="plainlinks"> <li> <div class="wikipedia-languages-count-container"> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> <div role="heading" aria-level="3" class="wikipedia-languages-count"> 1,000,000+ articles </div> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <div class="hlist wikipedia-languages-langs inline"> <ul> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Arabic (ar:)" lang="ar">العربية</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="German (de:)" lang="de">Deutsch</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Spanish (es:)" lang="es">Español</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Persian (fa:)" lang="fa">فارسی</span></a>‎</li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="French (fr:)" lang="fr">Français</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Italian (it:)" lang="it">Italiano</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Dutch (nl:)" lang="nl">Nederlands</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Japanese (ja:)" lang="ja">日本語</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Polish (pl:)" lang="pl">Polski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Portuguese (pt:)" lang="pt">Português</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Russian (ru:)" lang="ru">Русский</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Swedish (sv:)" lang="sv">Svenska</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Ukrainian (uk:)" lang="uk">Українська</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Vietnamese (vi:)" lang="vi">Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Chinese (zh:)" lang="zh">中文</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li> <div class="wikipedia-languages-count-container"> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> <div role="heading" aria-level="3" class="wikipedia-languages-count"> 250,000+ articles </div> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <div class="hlist wikipedia-languages-langs inline"> <ul> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Indonesian (id:)" lang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Malay (ms:)" lang="ms">Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Minnan (nan:)" lang="nan">閩南語</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bulgarian (bg:)" lang="bg">Български</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Catalan (ca:)" lang="ca">Català</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Czech (cs:)" lang="cs">Čeština</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Danish (da:)" lang="da">Dansk</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Esperanto (eo:)" lang="eo">Esperanto</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Basque (eu:)" lang="eu">Euskara</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Hebrew (he:)" lang="he">עברית</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Armenian (hy:)" lang="hy">Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Korean (ko:)" lang="ko">한국어</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Hungarian (hu:)" lang="hu">Magyar</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Norwegian (no:)" lang="no">Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Romanian (ro:)" lang="ro">Română</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Simple English (simple:)" lang="en">Simple English</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Slovak (sk:)" lang="sk">Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Serbian (sr:)" lang="sr">Srpski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Serbo-Croatian (sh:)" lang="sh">Srpskohrvatski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Finnish (fi:)" lang="fi">Suomi</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Turkish (tr:)" lang="tr">Türkçe</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Uzbek (uz:)" lang="uz">Oʻzbekcha</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li> <div class="wikipedia-languages-count-container"> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> <div role="heading" aria-level="3" class="wikipedia-languages-count"> 50,000+ articles </div> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <div class="hlist wikipedia-languages-langs inline"> <ul> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Asturian (ast:)" lang="ast">Asturianu</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Azerbaijani (az:)" lang="az">Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bangla (bn:)" lang="bn">বাংলা</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bosnian (bs:)" lang="bs">Bosanski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Central Kurdish (ckb:)" lang="ckb">کوردی</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Estonian (et:)" lang="et">Eesti</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Greek (el:)" lang="el">Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Western Frisian (fy:)" lang="fy">Frysk</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Irish (ga:)" lang="ga">Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Galician (gl:)" lang="gl">Galego</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Croatian (hr:)" lang="hr">Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Georgian (ka:)" lang="ka">ქართული</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Kurdish (ku:)" lang="ku">Kurdî</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Latvian (lv:)" lang="lv">Latviešu</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Lithuanian (lt:)" lang="lt">Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Malayalam (ml:)" lang="ml">മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Macedonian (mk:)" lang="mk">Македонски</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Burmese (my:)" lang="my">မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Norwegian Nynorsk (nn:)" lang="nn">Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Punjabi (pa:)" lang="pa">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Albanian (sq:)" lang="sq">Shqip</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Slovenian (sl:)" lang="sl">Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Thai (th:)" lang="th">ไทย</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Telugu (te:)" lang="te">తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Urdu (ur:)" lang="ur">اردو</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DMain_Page%26oldid%3D1225315602">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=1225315602</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"><a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Main_Page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled language-selector button"> <span>Language</span> </a> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="" data-user-gender="" data-timestamp=""> <span>View edit history of this page.</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="" data-language-autonym="کوردی" 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng 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