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http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <title>イタリア：ギリシャへの略式送還は人権侵害 | Human Rights Watch</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <script type="text/javascript">var _sf_startpt=(new Date()).getTime()</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512232944js_/http://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/web/20130512232944im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/all/themes/hrw/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512232944/http://www.hrw.org/ja/news/2013/01/22"/> <meta name="keywords" content="Asylum Seekers,Dublin II regulations,Europe/Central Asia,forced returns,Greece,Italy,stow aways,Migrants,Refugees and Migrants,Children's Rights,Migration,Refugees"/> <meta name="copyright" content="Human Rights Watch"/> <meta name="description" content="（ローマ）－イタリア政府は身寄りのない子どもや成人の難民としての庇護希望者をギリシャへ即時に送還している。そのために、送還された人びとはギリシャで機能不全に陥っている庇護制度と人権侵害を伴う拘禁状況に直面している。フェリーに隠れてたどり着いたギリシャからの渡航者ら（最年少では13歳の子どもを含む）は、イタリア当局によって数時間以内に送り返されている。その際、子どもや庇護の申請を希望する人びとの特別なニーズについて十分な検討がなされることはない。"/> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20130512232944cs_/http://www.hrw.org/modules/search/search.css?J"/> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20130512232944cs_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css_6c83f747c843d88cab2c29d54662b761_0.css"/>   <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20130512232944js_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js_a0facbb2f662de846459c37900f3f845_0.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <![CDATA[//><!]]> </script> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Human Rights Watch - News" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512232944/http://www.hrw.org/ja/rss/news"> </head> <body class="hrw 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class="meta date"> <span class="created">2013年01月22日</span> </div> </div> <div class="content clear-block filter-text"> <div class="widget-links"><ul class="widget-list"><li class="service-links-twitter-widget first"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512232944/http://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fja%2Fnews%2F2013%2F01%2F22&count=horizontal&via=&text=%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%EF%BC%9A%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%81%B8%E3%81%AE%E7%95%A5%E5%BC%8F%E9%80%81%E9%82%84%E3%81%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%A8%A9%E4%BE%B5%E5%AE%B3&counturl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fja%2Fnews%2F2013%2F01%2F22" class="twitter-share-button service-links-twitter-widget" title="Tweet This" rel="nofollow"><span style="display:none;">Tweet Widget</span></a></li> <li class="service-links-facebook-like"><a 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class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-field-imagefile-fid"> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512232944/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/photographs/DSCN3212.jpg" rel="lightbox[field_imagefile][<p>A 14-year-old unaccompanied migrant boy from Afghanistan stands outside the abandoned house in which he lives with 25 other Afghan migrants in Patras, Greece. Like many other migrants, he is trying to stow away on ships to Italy to claim asylum. © 2012 Human Rights Watch</p>]" class="imagefield imagefield-lightbox2 imagefield-lightbox2-scale-300x imagefield-field_imagefile imagecache imagecache-field_imagefile imagecache-scale-300x imagecache-field_imagefile-scale-300x"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512232944im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/scale-300x/media/images/photographs/DSCN3212.jpg"/></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-image-caption-value"> <div class="field-content"><div><a href="/web/20130512232944/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/photographs/DSCN3212.jpg" rel="lightbox[field_imagefile]" class="image-enlarge">Enlarge</a></div> <p>A 14-year-old unaccompanied migrant boy from Afghanistan stands outside the abandoned house in which he lives with 25 other Afghan migrants in Patras, Greece. Like many other migrants, he is trying to stow away on ships to Italy to claim asylum. © 2012 Human Rights Watch</p></div> </div> <div class="views-field-field-copyright-value"> <span class="field-content">© 2012 Human Rights Watch</span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-news-additional"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-news-related-report"> <div class="field-label">About this report: </div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="view view-press-release-report view-id-press_release_report view-display-id-reference_field_1 view-block-about-this-report view-dom-id-2"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-field-reportsynopsis-cover-fid"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130512232944/http://www.hrw.org/ja/node/112403" class="imagecache imagecache-scale-crop-75w-100h imagecache-linked imagecache-scale-crop-75w-100h_linked"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512232944im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/scale-crop-75w-100h/media/images/report-covers/italy0113_reportcover.jpg" class="imagecache imagecache-scale-crop-75w-100h"/></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130512232944/http://www.hrw.org/reports/2013/01/21/turned-away">Turned Away</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-reportsynopsis-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">Summary Returns of Unaccompanied Migrant Children and Adult Asylum Seekers from Italy to Greece</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">2013年01月21日</span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-report-synopsis-pdf-fid"> <label class="views-label-field-report-synopsis-pdf-fid"> Get the report: </label> <div class="field-content"><div class="field-item field-item-0"><div class="filefield-file"><img class="filefield-icon field-icon-application-pdf" alt="application/pdf icon" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512232944im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/filefield/icons/application-pdf.png"/><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512232944/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/italy0113ForUpload_0.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=4250695" title="italy0113ForUpload.pdf">Download the full report</a></div></div><div class="field-item field-item-1"><div class="filefield-file"><img class="filefield-icon field-icon-application-pdf" alt="application/pdf icon" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512232944im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/filefield/icons/application-pdf.png"/><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512232944/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/italy0113gr_sumandrecs.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=949388" title="italy0113gr_sumandrecs.pdf">Download the summary and recommendations in Greek</a></div></div></div> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130512232944/http://www.hrw.org/ja/node/112403">Go to report home »</a></span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="node-body"><p>（ローマ）－<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512232944/http://www.hrw.org/ja/europecentral-asia/italy">イタリア</a>政府は身寄りのない子どもや成人の難民としての庇護希望者を<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512232944/http://www.hrw.org/ja/europecentral-asia/greece">ギリシャ</a>へ即時に送還している。そのために、送還された人びとはギリシャで機能不全に陥っている庇護制度と人権侵害を伴う拘禁状況に直面している。フェリーに隠れてたどり着いたギリシャからの渡航者ら（最年少では13歳の子どもを含む）は、イタリア当局によって数時間以内に送り返されている。その際、子どもや庇護の申請を希望する人びとの特別なニーズについて十分な検討がなされることはない。</p> <p>報告書「<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512232944/http://www.hrw.org/reports/2013/01/21/turned-away">門前払い：身寄りのない子どもと成人庇護希望者のイタリアによるギリシャへの略式送還</a>」（全45ページ）は、アドリア海に面した港町のアンコーナ、バーリ、ブリンディシ、ベニスで、イタリア国境警察が同国の法的義務に反して、保護を求める人びとを適切に審査していない実態を調査・取りまとめた報告書。ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチは、イタリアの港から略式送還された子どもと成人29人（内20人は2012年中に送還された）に聞き取り調査を行った。</p> <p>ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチ西欧州上級調査員の<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512232944/http://www.hrw.org/bios/judith-sunderland">ジュディス・サンダーランド</a>は、「毎年何百もの人びとが、アドリア海を航海するフェリー上のトラックや車の中、あるいは下に隠れて密航するという、一か八かの勝負に出る」と指摘。「イタリアは、こうした人びとを即時に送還することがとても多いが、ギリシャで人びとを待つ環境や取り扱いは恐ろしくひどいものだ。」</p> <p>ギリシャへの帰路では成人と子どもが、一様に商業用フェリーの船長の監督下に置かれることになる。仮設の留置場や機関室などに監禁されたまま、時に十分な食事も与えられない。</p> <p><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512232944if_/http://www.youtube.com/embed/kapV1goPbq0" width="638"></iframe><br/> <br/> ギリシャに戻っても身寄りのない子どもや庇護希望者は、法執行上の虐待や品位を傷つけられる拘禁状態、外国人憎悪に基づく暴力沙汰が示す敵対的な環境などに対し、ほかのすべての移民と同様に無防備だ。アフガン人の少年アリ・Mは、2012年3月にイタリアからギリシャのイグメニツァに送還された時、15歳だった。ギリシャ警察に港の外にある拘禁施設に連行され、無関係の成人と一緒に不潔な環境の中、十分な食事も与えられないで2週間以上も拘禁されたという。</p> <br/> <p>イタリアの国内法および国際法は、それが子どもの最善の利益に資する場合を除き、身寄りのない子どもの追放を禁じている。しかし、本報告書の調査でヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチが会った略式送還された13〜17歳の子ども13人は全員、イタリア国内法と国際法が義務づける後見人や公共サービスへのアクセス機会を与えられていなかった。</p> <p>イタリア政府は未成年であるという個人の主張について疑わしきは申立人の利益に解釈するという方針をとっているが、ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチによる調査はその方針が順守されていないことを示唆している。聞き取り調査に応じた子どもの内1人だけが、手首のエックス線撮影という年齢確定検査らしきものを受けていた。たとえば前述のアリ・Mは、全く年齢確定検査を受けずに送還されており、「15歳ですって言ったけど、聞いてくれなかった。切符売り場内に閉じ込められて、それから船に乗せられたよ」と証言している。</p> <p>年齢確定手続きのためのベストプラクティスによれば、多様な専門分野によるアプローチが求められており、またいかなる医学的検査も対象者の負担とならない必要がある。後見人や公共サービスへのアクセスおよび適切な年齢確定手続きは、子どもの入国を認めた場合に限り行われることとなっている。</p> <p>ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチの子どもの権利局調査員<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512232944/http://www.hrw.org/bios/alice-farmer">アリス・ファーマー</a>は、「私たちが調査で会ったのは、大半が危険や紛争、貧困から逃れてきたアフガニスタンの少年だった」と述べる。「イタリアは、子どもたちに特別な保護を提供する責任を負っている。こうした保護の享受は子どもであるがゆえの権利である。」</p> <p>成人の移民に庇護申請を提出する機会を与えないままギリシャに送還することもまた、国内法上の義務および国際的義務に反している。イタリアは自国の出入国管理法を執行する権利を有する。が一方で、庇護希望者による申請の権利行使は認められなければならず、送還された人びとが拷問や虐待の危険にさらされるべきではない。</p> <p>「ダブリンⅡ規則」は一般的に、移民が最初に入国した欧州連合（以下EU)加盟国に、庇護申請処理を義務づけている。しかし、ギリシャの庇護制度と移民の収容状況をめぐる慢性的な問題について確かな証拠があることから、欧州裁判所は同規則に沿ったギリシャへの送還を差し止めるという、画期的な判決を出した。その結果、多くのEU加盟国が庇護希望者のギリシャ送還を一時停止しているのが現状だ。</p> <p>イタリアは同規則に基づいたギリシャへの送還の一時停止を実施する代わりに、送還を検討する際に人権侵害に関する危険の査定を行うと主張している。しかし、上陸した港から即時に人びとを送還している実態は、その方針と矛盾するものだ。</p> <p>聞き取り調査に応じた人びとの大半が、庇護申請の希望を表明する機会さえ与えられず、かろうじて申請を申立てた5人は湾岸警察官にそれを無視されたと話した。バーリ国境警察によれば、2011年1月〜2012年6月までに港で発見された移民900人弱の内、イタリア在留を許可されたのはわずか12人に過ぎないという。</p> <p>前出のサンダーランド上級調査員は、「たとえその機会を与えられても、一部の庇護希望者はイタリアへの庇護申請を望まない可能性はある。ほかのヨーロッパの国の方が、移民の保護や融合政策で勝るという考えを信じているからだ」と指摘する。「だからといって、庇護申請を希望する人びとまで門前払いしていいということにはならない。」</p> <p>港で発見された移民へのサービスと情報の提供を請け負う複数のNGOは、すべての移民に対するアクセスを許されておらず、イタリア在留をめぐる判定を国境警察の手に委ねる結果となっている。聞き取り調査に応じた人びとで、こうしたNGOへのアクセス機会を与えられた個人、あるいは自らの権利や庇護申請に関する情報を得ることのできた個人は皆無だった。通訳補助を受けていたのは7人に過ぎない。</p> <p>サンダーランド上級調査員は、「認可されたNGOが港でサービス提供することについての意義は、移民の権利尊重の確保にある」と述べる。「しかし、上陸したすべての移民に対するアクセスのすべを持たなければ、その役割を全うすることはできない。そして助けを必要としている人びとが支援の裂け目から滑り落ちる結果となるのだ。」</p> <p>欧州人権裁判所は近々、「シェリフほか対イタリア・ギリシャ」裁判の判決を下す見込みだ。同裁判で原告側は、2009年に成人25人と子ども10人が略式送還されたのは、「生存権」と「拷問あるいは虐待から保護される権利」、そして「実効ある救済を受ける権利」の侵害であると主張している。欧州評議会のニルス・ムイズニクス人権委員と移民に関する権利の国連特別報告者フランソワ・クレポウ氏は共に、イタリアにギリシャへの略式送還を自制するよう強く求めた。</p> <p><strong>ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチによるイタリアの法的手続きに関する一連の勧告は次のとおり：</strong></p> <p>●　ギリシャへの略式送還を即時停止すること</p> <p>●　イタリアに上陸し、身寄りのない子どもと主張する個人には、年齢確定手続きの間の在留と、国内法が保障する特定の保護の恩恵を例外なく認めること</p> <p>●　特にぜい弱な状況にある個人、庇護申請を望む個人、保護が必要な個人を特定するために、成人に対して適切な審査を行うこと</p> <p>●　上陸したすべての個人に認可されたNGOへの十分なアクセスを提供し、NGOによる法的・人道的支援を可能にすること</p> <p>●　船上で発見されたり、ギリシャへの帰路にある密航者をめぐる人道的で安全な処遇について、明確な船長用のガイドラインをフェリー運行各社に提供すること</p> </div><div class="translation-links"><div class="label">Also available in:</div> <ul class="translation-list"><li class="node_translation_en first"><a href="/web/20130512232944/http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/01/22/italy-summary-returns-greece-violate-rights" title="Italy: Summary Returns to Greece Violate Rights" class="translation-link">English</a></li> <li class="node_translation_fr"><a href="/web/20130512232944/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/01/22/italie-les-renvois-de-migrants-vers-la-grece-constituent-une-violation-de-leurs-droi" title="Italie: Les renvois de migrants vers la Grèce constituent une violation de leurs droits" class="translation-link">Français</a></li> <li class="node_translation_de"><a href="/web/20130512232944/http://www.hrw.org/de/news/2013/01/22/italien-sammelabschiebungen-nach-griechenland-verletzen-menschenrechte" title="Italien: Sammelabschiebungen nach Griechenland verletzen Menschenrechte" class="translation-link">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="node_translation_el"><a href="/web/20130512232944/http://www.hrw.org/node/112910" title="Ιταλία: Οι επαναπροωθήσεις με συνοπτικές διαδικασίες στην Ελλάδα συνιστούν παραβίαση δικαιωμάτων" class="translation-link">Greek</a></li> <li class="node_translation_it last"><a href="/web/20130512232944/http://www.hrw.org/node/112862" title="Italia: Le riconsegne sommarie verso la Grecia violano i diritti umani" class="translation-link">Italian</a></li> </ul></div><div class="service-links"><div class="service-label">Share </div><ul class="links"><li class="service-links-facebook first"><a 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