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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Teratogeni_agensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teratogeni_agensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Teratogeni agensi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Teratogeni_agensi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Teratogeni agensi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Teratogeni_agensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Genetički_teratogeni_agensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetički_teratogeni_agensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Genetički teratogeni agensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetički_teratogeni_agensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teratogeni_agensi_iz_životne_sredine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teratogeni_agensi_iz_životne_sredine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Teratogeni agensi iz životne sredine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teratogeni_agensi_iz_životne_sredine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povezano" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povezano"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Povezano</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povezano-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_veze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_veze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vanjske veze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_veze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Teratologija</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 39 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AE" title="علم المسوخ — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم المسوخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratologiya" title="Teratologiya — Azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Teratologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тератология — Bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тератология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratologija" title="Teratologija — Bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Teratologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratologia" title="Teratologia — Katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Teratologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratologie" title="Teratologie — Češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Teratologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratologie" title="Teratologie — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Teratologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratology" title="Teratology — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Teratology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratolog%C3%ADa" title="Teratología — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Teratología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratoloogia" title="Teratoloogia — Estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Teratoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratologia" title="Teratologia — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Teratologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%98%D9%86" title="تراتوژن — Persijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تراتوژن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9ratologie" title="Tératologie — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tératologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratolox%C3%ADa" title="Teratoloxía — Galski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Teratoloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="טרטולוגיה — Hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טרטולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratol%C3%B3gia" title="Teratológia — Mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Teratológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հրեշաբանություն — Jermenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հրեշաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Jermenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratologi" title="Teratologi — Indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Teratologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratologio" title="Teratologio — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Teratologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratogenesi" title="Teratogenesi — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Teratogenesi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%BD%A2%E5%AD%A6" title="奇形学 — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="奇形学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%98%95%ED%95%99" title="기형학 — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기형학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratologija" title="Teratologija — Litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Teratologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratolo%C4%A3ija" title="Teratoloģija — Letonski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Teratoloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratologi" title="Teratologi — Malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Teratologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratologi" title="Teratologi — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Teratologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratologia" title="Teratologia — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Teratologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratologia" title="Teratologia — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Teratologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratologie" title="Teratologie — Rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Teratologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Тератология (наука) — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тератология (наука)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratologija" title="Teratologija — Slovenački" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Teratologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratologija" title="Teratologija — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Teratologija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratologi" title="Teratologi — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Teratologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratoloji" title="Teratoloji — Turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Teratoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD)" title="Тератология (фән) — Tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тератология (фән)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Тератологія — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тератологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A1i_thai_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Quái thai học — Vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quái thai học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratolohiya" title="Teratolohiya — Varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Teratolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Varej" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%B8%E5%BD%A2%E5%AD%A6" title="畸形学 — Kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="畸形学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<p><b>Teratologija</b> je istraživanje abnormalnosti fiziološkog razvoja. Ova nauka obuhvata istraživanje ljudskih <a href="/wiki/Malformacija" title="Malformacija">malformacija</a>. Teratologija isto tako obuhvata razvojne stadijume koji nisu vezani za porođaj, poput <a href="/wiki/Pubertet" title="Pubertet">puberteta</a>. Ona se osim ljudi bavi i drugim životnim formama, uključujući biljke. Noviji termin <i>razvojna toksičnost</i> obuhvata sve manifestacije abnormalnog razvoja, kao što su retardacija rasta ili zaostali mentalni razvoj bez strukturnih malformacija.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teratogeni_agensi">Teratogeni agensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teratologija&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Teratogeni agensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teratologija&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Teratogeni agensi"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Teratogeni agensi se mogu podeliti u dve kategorije po njihovoj etiologiji, na genetičke i agense iz životne sredine. Svaka od ovih kategorija koristi različite patološke procese koji mogu da proizvedu embriopatologiju. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genetički_teratogeni_agensi"><span id="Geneti.C4.8Dki_teratogeni_agensi"></span>Genetički teratogeni agensi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teratologija&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Genetički teratogeni agensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teratologija&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Genetički teratogeni agensi"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oko 20-25% ljudskih <a href="/wiki/Malformacija" title="Malformacija">malformacija</a> koje se jave u prvoj godini života su uzrokovane genetičkim agensima. Urođeni defekti uzrokovani ovim teratogenim agensima obuhvataju opseg patoloških procesa koji su određeni pre začetka, prisustvom nasleđenih ili novo stečenih genetičkih abnormalnosti. Neki od uzročnih mehanizama tih porcesa su: deficijencija gena, abnormalnost gena, hromozomsko preuređivanje, hromozomsko brisanje i višak hromozoma. Mada faktori životne sredine mogu da doprinesu razvoju genetički abnormalnog embriona, genetičke abnormalnosti su glavni činioci patoloških procesa.<sup id="cite_ref-env_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-env-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teratogeni_agensi_iz_životne_sredine"><span id="Teratogeni_agensi_iz_.C5.BEivotne_sredine"></span>Teratogeni agensi iz životne sredine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teratologija&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Teratogeni agensi iz životne sredine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teratologija&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Teratogeni agensi iz životne sredine"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aproksimativno 10% ljudskih malformacija koje se jave tokom prve godine života su uzrokovane agensima životne sredine, koji imaju nekoliko zajediničkih karakteristika.<sup id="cite_ref-env_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-env-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brent_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brent-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Sensitivnost etape</i> - Postoje tri etape ljudskog embrionskog razvoja: oplođavanje & implantacija, organogeneza i fetalni period. Podložnost embriona, kao i stupanj nepoželjnog dejstva uzrokovanog agensom, zavise od etape u kojoj je došlo do izlaganja.</li> <li><i>Odnosi doze i odgovora</i> - Postoji kvantitativna korelacija između magnitude embriopatskih dejstava i doze teratogenog agensa. Što je viša doza, to su ozbiljnije posledice.</li> <li><i>Efekti praga osetljivosti</i> - Odnosi se na nivo izlaganja ispod kog pojava malformacija ili smrtnost nisu statistički veći od kontrolnog uzorka.</li> <li><i>Genetička varijabilnost</i> - Razlike u materičnom transportu, metabolizmu, apsorpciji i distribuciji agensa u slučaju sisara se moraju uzeti u obzir pri vršenju ekstrapolacija između vrsta.</li> <li><i>Infekcije</i> – Doza i vreme izlaganja se ne mogu demonstrirati za replikacine teratogene agense.</li></ul> <p>Širok opseg različitih hemikalija i faktora životne sredine su bilo mogući ili poznati teratogeni kod ljudi i životinja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povezano">Povezano</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teratologija&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Povezano" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teratologija&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povezano"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karcinogen" title="Karcinogen">Karcinogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutagen" title="Mutagen">Mutagen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teratologija&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teratologija&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Reference"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41556849">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rogers, J.M., Kavlock, R.J. Developmental toxicology. In C.D. Klaassen (ed.): Casarett & Doull's Toxicology, 5th ed. pp. 301-331. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-07-105476-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-07-105476-6">0-07-105476-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-env-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-env_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-env_2-1">2,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Brent R., Beckman D (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1809745/">„Environmental Teratogens”</a>. <i>Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine</i> <b>66</b> (2): 123-161. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1809745">1809745</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2194610">2194610</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Environmental+Teratogens&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Medicine&rft.aulast=Brent+R.%2C+Beckman+D&rft.au=Brent+R.%2C+Beckman+D&rft.date=1990&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=123-161&rft_id=info:pmc/1809745&rft_id=info:pmid/2194610&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1809745%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Teratologija"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brent-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-brent_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Beckman D, Brent R. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_annual-review-of-pharmacology-and-toxicology_1984_24/page/483">„Mechanisms of Teratogenesis”</a>. <i>Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology</i> <b>24</b>: 483-500. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6203482">6203482</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+Teratogenesis&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Pharmacology+and+Toxicology&rft.aulast=Beckman+D%2C+Brent+R.&rft.au=Beckman+D%2C+Brent+R.&rft.date=1984&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=483-500&rft_id=info:pmid/6203482&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_annual-review-of-pharmacology-and-toxicology_1984_24%2Fpage%2F483&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Teratologija"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teratologija&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odjeljak Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teratologija&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Literatura"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41379810">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><span class="citation book">R. O'Rahilly, F. Müller (1999). <i>Embryologie und Teratologie des Menschen</i> (1. izd.). Bern: Hans Huber Verlag. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/3456828217" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/3456828217">3456828217</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Embryologie+und+Teratologie+des+Menschen&rft.aulast=R.+O%27Rahilly%2C+F.+M%C3%BCller&rft.au=R.+O%27Rahilly%2C+F.+M%C3%BCller&rft.date=1999&rft.edition=1.&rft.place=Bern&rft.pub=Hans+Huber+Verlag&rft.isbn=3456828217&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Teratologija"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_veze">Vanjske veze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teratologija&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odjeljak Vanjske veze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teratologija&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske veze"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.teratology.org/">Teratološko udruženje</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etsoc.com/">Evropsko teratološko udruženje</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100405220820/http://www.etsoc.com/">Arhivirano</a> 2010-04-05 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Izvor: <a dir="ltr" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teratologija&oldid=42041737">https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teratologija&oldid=42041737</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Biologija_razvi%C4%87a" title="Kategorija:Biologija razvića">Biologija razvića</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Teratogeni" title="Kategorija:Teratogeni">Teratogeni</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Sakrivena kategorija: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Kategorija:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica je posljednji put izmijenjena 27. jula 2024. u 02:26.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</a>; mogu se primijeniti i dodatni uslovi. 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