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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_marks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Marriage marks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_marks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_use_of_Siglas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_use_of_Siglas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Current use of Siglas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_use_of_Siglas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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The symbols were normally written using a razor on wood, but painting on boats and beach sheds was also a common practice. </p><p>The purpose of the siglas was to record history and thus they have been ascribed as comprising Póvoa's "writing system". However, the siglas do not record sounds or specific words, and so are not considered true writing. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lixa Filgueiras argued that there are two types of symbols, distinguished by their use: the marcas (marks) and siglas. The marks served as a way to register ownership and thus were commonly present. The siglas, on the other hand, were used for magical and religious concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-CPA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The siglas, being symbols of a mythical character, were thus rarer both in their ancient and newer forms. </p> <table align="center" cellspacing="1" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;padding:0.1em;"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#bbbbbb"> <td colspan="4" align="center">Reference box for the types of siglas used in fishermen marks compared to the marks on the doors in the chapels of <a href="/wiki/Balasar" class="mw-redirect" title="Balasar">Balasar</a> and Santa Tecla </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Type </th> <th>Póvoa de Varzim </th> <th>Balasar </th> <th>Santa Tecla </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"> <th>Religious Siglas </th> <td>18 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Magical Siglas </th> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"> <th>Maritime Siglas (total) </th> <td>47 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"> <td>Boats or parts </td> <td>32 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"> <td>Fishing </td> <td>5 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"> <td>Penas </td> <td>4 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center"> <td>Pés de Galinha </td> <td>6 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_marks">Family marks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family marks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siglas_poveiras_Rua_Candido_Landolt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Siglas_poveiras_Rua_Candido_Landolt.jpg/220px-Siglas_poveiras_Rua_Candido_Landolt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Siglas_poveiras_Rua_Candido_Landolt.jpg/330px-Siglas_poveiras_Rua_Candido_Landolt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Siglas_poveiras_Rua_Candido_Landolt.jpg/440px-Siglas_poveiras_Rua_Candido_Landolt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1180" data-file-height="886" /></a><figcaption>Family mark describing ownership of a private garage in Rua Cândido Landolt in Póvoa city center.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siglaspoveirasbase.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Siglaspoveirasbase.png/220px-Siglaspoveirasbase.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Siglaspoveirasbase.png/330px-Siglaspoveirasbase.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Siglaspoveirasbase.png/440px-Siglaspoveirasbase.png 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="458" /></a><figcaption>Siglas Poveiras that serve as a base to most used symbols.</figcaption></figure> <p>Siglas poveiras have been used for family coat-of-arms since time immemorial by Póvoa de Varzim community. Using these symbols, personal and fishing belongings were distinctly marked and thus a form of property registration. The "marca-brasão" ("blazon-mark") of a family was known within the entire Póvoa de Varzim community and children were recognized by counting the number of <i>piques</i> (similar to a traces) within their marks.<sup id="cite_ref-tumulares_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tumulares-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The usefulness of this system is noticed by its usage amongst merchants in their books of credit, and the siglas were read as we today read a name written in the Latin alphabet. Currency values were symbolized by rings and traces, drawn after the mark of an individual.<sup id="cite_ref-tumulares_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tumulares-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevertheless, it was on the tombs of the dead that the marks acquired a sense of personal significance. It became common and accepted to have one's mark carved onto one's tombstone.<sup id="cite_ref-tumulares_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tumulares-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a former port authority of <a href="/wiki/Leix%C3%B5es" title="Leixões">Leixões</a>, the Count of Vilas Boas, an individual stole a compass in Póvoa de Varzim and tried to sell it in <a href="/wiki/Matosinhos" title="Matosinhos">Matosinhos</a>, but he was unaware that the recorded "drawings" in the cover indicated the owner's name and thus the first person whom he approached (a woman from Póvoa de Varzim) managed to recognize the mark immediately. Summoning other fishermen, who also recognized the mark, the thief was apprehended and submitted to the port authority.<sup id="cite_ref-tumulares_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tumulares-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inheritance">Inheritance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Inheritance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siglas_heranca.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Siglas_heranca.png/240px-Siglas_heranca.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Siglas_heranca.png/360px-Siglas_heranca.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Siglas_heranca.png/480px-Siglas_heranca.png 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="122" /></a><figcaption>An example of hereditary siglas poveiras in a family of four children - The position of the piques varies in each family.</figcaption></figure> <p>The siglas are hereditary emblems (much like <a href="/wiki/Tamga" title="Tamga">tamgas</a> or <a href="/wiki/House_mark" title="House mark">House marks</a>), transmitted by inheritance from fathers to sons. These have unique symbolism and only the heirs are allowed to use them. </p><p>The siglas were not simply invented, but passed on through generations. The base family sigla was passed from the father to the youngest son — in Póvoa de Varzim’s tradition, the heir of the family is the youngest son — while the other children received the sigla with a trace (the <i>pique</i>). Thus, the eldest son would have one pique, the second two and so on, so that the younger son that would have the original sigla, inheriting the same symbol as his father. </p><p>Analyses were made to check if families have actually used the same symbols throughout generations, due to some supposed inconsistencies within some families. It became apparent that the inconsistencies had historical or genealogical motivations, and that these symbols were inherited through generations and preserved as part of Póvoa's local traditions. Hundreds of different marks were studied leading to 84 different original families. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Magical-religious_marks">Magical-religious marks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Magical-religious marks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chapels_in_beaches_and_hills">Chapels in beaches and hills</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chapels in beaches and hills"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SP_sanselimao.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/SP_sanselimao.png/140px-SP_sanselimao.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/SP_sanselimao.png/210px-SP_sanselimao.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/SP_sanselimao.png/280px-SP_sanselimao.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>Only very rarely did siglas have magical value or were used as religious symbols. The <i>sanselimão</i> sigla was used as a protective symbol.</figcaption></figure> <p>Important places for the study of Siglas Poveiras are the churches and religious sites located not only in the city and its rural environs, but also in all of the Northwest Iberian Peninsula, especially in the Minho region (in Portugal) and in <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a>. </p><p>The Poveiros over generations used to make inscriptions in the doors of chapels close to beaches or hills as a journey mark or as "campaign promises" (<i>promessas de campanha</i>). This has been observed in Nossa Senhora da Bonança at Esposende's beach, and Santa Trega at A Guarda Hill, Galicia. The mark inscribed would serve as a marker for the Poveiros that would come later, indicating either the passage of the inscriber or an attempt to procure good luck from the local venerated saint. </p><p>On September 23, 1991 a sculpture honouring the Siglas Poveiras was inaugurated at the festival of Santa Trega in Northwestern Spain, as a means to commemorate the old lost door of the Chapel of Santa Trega, which is known to be covered with Siglas Poveiras. After the inauguration, a fishing expedition aboard the Lancha Poveira Fé em Deus (Faith in God) arrived from Póvoa de Varzim, and the fishermen aboard went up to Santa Trega and prayed in the chapel dedicated to the patron saint of the hill. Hills close to the coast, being visible from sea, have always held an importance in the Poveiros sect traditions. Long ago, members of the fishing class would go up to this hill to pray to the saint, in a ritual with chants attempting to change the direction of the winds so that they could safely return home. </p><p>Siglas being used in much the same way can be found in the churches of Senhora da Abadia and São Bento da Porta Aberta, in <a href="/wiki/Terras_de_Bouro" title="Terras de Bouro">Terras de Bouro</a>, São Torcato, in <a href="/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Guimarães">Guimarães</a> and Senhora da Guia, and in <a href="/wiki/Vila_do_Conde" title="Vila do Conde">Vila do Conde</a>. In the municipality of Póvoa de Varzim, these can also be found in the Chapel of Santa Cruz de Balasar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divisas">Divisas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Divisas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ala-arriba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ala-arriba.jpg/480px-Ala-arriba.jpg" decoding="async" width="480" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ala-arriba.jpg/720px-Ala-arriba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ala-arriba.jpg/960px-Ala-arriba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2433" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Representation of Siglas Poveiras in an Azulejo. The picture represents "Ala-arriba!", pushing a boat to the beach by the community.</figcaption></figure> <p>The caught fish in a boat’s net belonged to its owner, regardless of what position he held within the Lanchão or Sardinheiro castes. The fish caught was thus marked with the sigla and delivered to the fishing net owner. These fish marks are usually blows made in sigla form in different parts of the fish. </p><p>The crew of each boat also had a sigla that was used by all the members of the crew. In the case of a worker shifting to another boat, he would have to adopt the sigla of the new boat. These boat marks were known as "divisas". </p><p>The divisas are true "arms shields", intended for the boat’s recognition; curiously, however, they were different from the boat’s owner's mark. One should notice that all the Poveiro belongings were marked with his personal mark, except for the boat. This fact seems to indicate that the boats were predominantly subject to magical-religious invocations, often adopting a protecting-saint for the boat and thus earning a mythical character and also surrounded by protecting symbols.<sup id="cite_ref-CPA_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table border="0"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <p><small>A. Santos Graça, Epopeia dos Humildes, pag. 146</small> </p> <dl><dd>Cinco dias depois, entrava na barra da Póvoa, uma lancha encarnada que, pelas suas divisas, sarilho, peixe e panal à proa, panal e quatro piques em cruz à ré, se reconheceu ser a lendária lancha Santa Philomena.</dd> <dd>Vinha finalmente, descansar de tanta luta e fadiga na acolhedora praia da terra-mãe</dd></dl> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><b>English translation</b> </p> <dl><dd>Five days later, entered in Póvoa's sandbank, a reddish boat that, by its <i>divisas</i>, <i>sarilho</i>, <i>peixe</i> and <i>panal</i> at bow, <i>panal</i> and four <i>piques</i> in <i>cruz</i> at stern, was recognized as being the legendary <a href="/wiki/Saint_Philomena" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Philomena">Saint Philomena</a> boat.</dd> <dd>Finally, it returned to rest, after much fight and fatigue, in the cosy beach of her mother-land.</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage_marks">Marriage marks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Marriage marks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Poveiros wrote their sigla in the table of the mother church upon marriage, as a way for recording the event. This usage of siglas can still be found in Igreja Matriz of Póvoa de Varzim (the mother church since 1757) and in <a href="/wiki/Lapa_Church" title="Lapa Church">Igreja da Lapa</a>. </p><p>A table in the old Church of Misericórdia that had the function of a mother church until 1757 kept thousands of siglas, the obtainment of which would aid in a deeper study of the siglas poveiras, but these were destroyed when the church was demolished. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The siglas were first studied by António de Santos Graça in his book <i>Epopeia dos Humildes</i> ("The Odyssey of the Humble"). Published in 1952, the book contains hundreds of siglas and the history and maritime tragedy of Póvoa. Other works of his are "O Poveiro" (The Poveiro, 1932), "A Crença do Poveiro nas Almas Penadas" (Poveiro Beliefs Regarding Dead Souls, 1933) e "Inscrições Tumulares por Siglas" (Tomb Inscriptions Using Siglas, 1942). </p><p>Although there are several opinions relating to their origin, it is generally accepted that the Siglas also known as Marcas, are Scandinavian. Based on numerous similarities initially found at the <i><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Denmark" title="National Museum of Denmark">Nationalmuseet</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, by Octávio Lixa Filgueiras, identified numerous objects marked with "<a href="/wiki/Home-marks" class="mw-redirect" title="Home-marks">home-marks</a>" from <a href="/wiki/Funen" title="Funen">Funen</a> also known as <a href="/wiki/Fyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyn">Fyn</a> in <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>. Further studies proved that the complex hereditary mark system of Póvoa de Varzim was also found in Fyn, which given the geographical distance, historical Viking incursions in the Portuguese coastal areas, also pagan rituals in people from that particular fishing region, added to the belief of partial Norse ancestry and cultural legacy.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Siglas or Marcas (Bomark) development is at least partly, attributed to the Norsemen that settled in the town during the 10th and 11th centuries. This form of primitive writing developed within the community of Póvoa de Varzim was kept due to the practice of endogamy. Also, the ‘marcas’ similarity with the <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a> tradition of using specific <i>bomärken</i> ("homestead marks") for signatures and for marking property is worthy of note. </p><p>Each base sigla has a name, normally related with daily objects, but this sigla-object association occurred at a later date for both, Póvoa de Varzim and the system studied in the <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Danish</a> region of Funnen. The hourglass of Funnen was drawn in the same way as the chalice of Póvoa de Varzim thus indicating that both are remnants of a later era. </p><p>Siglas have also been compared to <a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">runes</a>, especially in the 1960s when Lixa Filgueiras called for further studies on the matter. </p><p>Comparing only identical Nordic runes: </p> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Runic_letter_isaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="i"><img alt="i" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Runic_letter_isaz.svg/3px-Runic_letter_isaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="3" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Runic_letter_isaz.svg/5px-Runic_letter_isaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Runic_letter_isaz.svg/6px-Runic_letter_isaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <b>pique</b> - <i>i</i>-rune <i>isaz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">ice</a>)</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="t"><img alt="t" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg/15px-Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg/23px-Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg/30px-Runic_letter_tiwaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <b>arpão</b> (harpoon) - <i>t</i>-rune <i>Tiwaz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tyr" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyr">Tyr</a>)</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Runic_letter_laukaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="l"><img alt="l" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Runic_letter_laukaz.svg/15px-Runic_letter_laukaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Runic_letter_laukaz.svg/23px-Runic_letter_laukaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Runic_letter_laukaz.svg/30px-Runic_letter_laukaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <b>meio-arpão</b> (half-harpoon) <i>l</i>-rune <i>laguz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">lake</a>)</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Runic_letter_dagaz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="d"><img alt="d" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Runic_letter_dagaz.svg/15px-Runic_letter_dagaz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Runic_letter_dagaz.svg/23px-Runic_letter_dagaz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Runic_letter_dagaz.svg/30px-Runic_letter_dagaz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <b>cálix fechado</b> (closed <a href="/wiki/Chalice_(cup)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalice (cup)">Chalice</a>) - <i>d</i>-rune <i>dagaz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Day" title="Day">day</a>)</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Runic_letter_gebo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="g"><img alt="g" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Runic_letter_gebo.svg/15px-Runic_letter_gebo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Runic_letter_gebo.svg/23px-Runic_letter_gebo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Runic_letter_gebo.svg/30px-Runic_letter_gebo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <b>cruz</b> (<a href="/wiki/Cross" title="Cross">cross</a>) <i>g</i>-rune <i>gyfu</i> (<a href="/wiki/Gift" title="Gift">gift</a>)</dd></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cruzeiro_do_Cemit%C3%A9rio.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Cruzeiro_do_Cemit%C3%A9rio.JPG/220px-Cruzeiro_do_Cemit%C3%A9rio.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Cruzeiro_do_Cemit%C3%A9rio.JPG/330px-Cruzeiro_do_Cemit%C3%A9rio.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Cruzeiro_do_Cemit%C3%A9rio.JPG/440px-Cruzeiro_do_Cemit%C3%A9rio.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>According to Santos Graça, the Cruzeiro of the Cemetery of Póvoa de Varzim (a cross in a stone column) was the origin of the sigla poveira known as <i>Padrão</i> (standard).</figcaption></figure> <p>According to Santos Graça, the siglas were inspired by daily objects of Póvoa de Varzim residents: </p> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SP_lanchina_tipo_1.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Lanchina"><img alt="Lanchina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/SP_lanchina_tipo_1.png/15px-SP_lanchina_tipo_1.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/SP_lanchina_tipo_1.png/23px-SP_lanchina_tipo_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/SP_lanchina_tipo_1.png/30px-SP_lanchina_tipo_1.png 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="351" /></a></span> <b>lanchinha</b> — Poveiro Boat (port)</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SP_lanchina_tipo_2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Lanchina"><img alt="Lanchina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/SP_lanchina_tipo_2.png/15px-SP_lanchina_tipo_2.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/SP_lanchina_tipo_2.png/23px-SP_lanchina_tipo_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/SP_lanchina_tipo_2.png/30px-SP_lanchina_tipo_2.png 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="351" /></a></span> <b>lanchinha</b> — Poveiro Boat (nose)</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SP_mastro_e_verga.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Mastro e verga"><img alt="Mastro e verga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/SP_mastro_e_verga.png/15px-SP_mastro_e_verga.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/SP_mastro_e_verga.png/23px-SP_mastro_e_verga.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/SP_mastro_e_verga.png/30px-SP_mastro_e_verga.png 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="351" /></a></span> <b>mastro e verga</b> — Barco Poveiro with hoisted sail</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SP_coice.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coice"><img alt="Coice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SP_coice.png/15px-SP_coice.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SP_coice.png/23px-SP_coice.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/SP_coice.png/30px-SP_coice.png 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="351" /></a></span> <b>coice</b> — Barco Poveiro (an area where women pushed for <a href="/wiki/Ala-Arriba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ala-Arriba">Ala-Arriba</a>)</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SP_padrao.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Padrao"><img alt="Padrao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SP_padrao.png/15px-SP_padrao.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SP_padrao.png/23px-SP_padrao.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SP_padrao.png/30px-SP_padrao.png 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="351" /></a></span> <b>padrão</b> — Cruzeiro of the Cemetery of Póvoa de Varzim</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SP_grade_2_piques.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Grade de 2 piques"><img alt="Grade de 2 piques" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/SP_grade_2_piques.png/15px-SP_grade_2_piques.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/SP_grade_2_piques.png/23px-SP_grade_2_piques.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/SP_grade_2_piques.png/30px-SP_grade_2_piques.png 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="351" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SP_grade_3_piques.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Grade de 3 piques"><img alt="Grade de 3 piques" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/SP_grade_3_piques.png/15px-SP_grade_3_piques.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/SP_grade_3_piques.png/23px-SP_grade_3_piques.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/SP_grade_3_piques.png/30px-SP_grade_3_piques.png 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="351" /></a></span> <b>grades de dois e três piques</b> — Gratings (Agricultural object used in the smoothing of the farm fields after harvest in <a href="/wiki/Giesteira" title="Giesteira">Giesteira</a>, Póvoa de Varzim)</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SP_sarilho.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Sarilho"><img alt="Sarilho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/SP_sarilho.png/15px-SP_sarilho.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/SP_sarilho.png/23px-SP_sarilho.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/SP_sarilho.png/30px-SP_sarilho.png 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="351" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SP_meio_sarilho.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Meio sarilho"><img alt="Meio sarilho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/SP_meio_sarilho.png/15px-SP_meio_sarilho.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/SP_meio_sarilho.png/23px-SP_meio_sarilho.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/SP_meio_sarilho.png/30px-SP_meio_sarilho.png 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="351" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SP_meio_sarilho_2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Meio sarilho"><img alt="Meio sarilho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/SP_meio_sarilho_2.png/15px-SP_meio_sarilho_2.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/SP_meio_sarilho_2.png/23px-SP_meio_sarilho_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/SP_meio_sarilho_2.png/30px-SP_meio_sarilho_2.png 2x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="351" /></a></span> <b>sarilho</b> and <b>meio sarilho</b> — Sarilho (object used by women to make hanks of wool or hemp in Póvoa de Varzim)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_use_of_Siglas">Current use of Siglas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Current use of Siglas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Calcadasiglaspoveiras.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Calcadasiglaspoveiras.JPG/200px-Calcadasiglaspoveiras.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Calcadasiglaspoveiras.JPG/300px-Calcadasiglaspoveiras.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Calcadasiglaspoveiras.JPG/400px-Calcadasiglaspoveiras.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Traditional Portuguese pavement in Póvoa de Varzim city center with family marks.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Placa_pra%C3%A7a_almada_povoa_varzim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Placa_pra%C3%A7a_almada_povoa_varzim.jpg/200px-Placa_pra%C3%A7a_almada_povoa_varzim.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Placa_pra%C3%A7a_almada_povoa_varzim.jpg/300px-Placa_pra%C3%A7a_almada_povoa_varzim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Placa_pra%C3%A7a_almada_povoa_varzim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="277" /></a><figcaption>Street plate in Póvoa de Varzim city center with Povoan family marks.</figcaption></figure> <p>The use of the Latin alphabet to identify boats occurred only very recently in Póvoa de Varzim, when comparing with other fishing communities that used some kind of marks. In 1944, in a set of 25 boat marks, only one used the Latin Alphabet: <i>F.A. de Francisco Fogateira</i>, that substituted the marks: <i>lanchinha</i> and "double of two <i>piques</i> in cross and <i>coice</i>". In <a href="/wiki/Aver-o-Mar" class="mw-redirect" title="Aver-o-Mar">Aver-o-Mar</a>, in a group of 38 boats, eight vessels already used the alphabet and marks. </p><p>Despite not having the use of previous periods, the ''<i>banheiros</i> of <a href="/wiki/Bairro_Norte" title="Bairro Norte">Bairro Norte</a> district still place their family mark in their belonging at the beach, the same occurs in the family's home and the mark is written in the belongings. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Casa_dos_Pescadores_da_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Casa dos Pescadores da Póvoa de Varzim (page does not exist)">Casa dos Pescadores da Póvoa de Varzim</a>, the fishermen association, still accepts marks as correct forms of signature. Marks are also used to decorate the city, as in pavements. Street plates in the city center of Póvoa de Varzim use them to revive the use and as a local identity by placing several marks belonging to traditional Povoan families. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-runes" title="Pseudo-runes">Pseudo-runes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CPA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CPA_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CPA_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lixa Filgueiras, Octávio (1965). <i>Àcêrca das Siglas Poveiras</i>. IV Colóquio Portuense de Arqueologia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tumulares-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tumulares_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tumulares_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tumulares_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tumulares_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Santos Graça, António (1942). <i>Inscrições Tumulares Por Siglas</i>. Edição de autor, Póvoa de Varzim.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ann Christys, <i>Vikings in the South</i> (London: Bloomsbury, 2015), pp. 15-17.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Siglas_poveiras" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.povoadevarzim.com.pt/fotografias/siglaspvz/mini_s2.gif">Families (part one)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.povoadevarzim.com.pt/fotografias/siglaspvz/mini_s3.gif">Families (part two)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stands4.com/acronyms/SPANISH">Abreviaturas, Acrónimos & Siglas</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070218224809/http://www.cm-pvarzim.pt/turismo/conhecer-a-povoa/siglas-poveiras">Siglas Poveiras</a> - <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2mara_Municipal" class="mw-redirect" title="Câmara Municipal">Câmara Municipal</a> da <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Póvoa de Varzim">Póvoa de Varzim</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.vikingdenmark.com/glavendrup-stone-ship-runic-stone-funen-denmark.html">[1]</a> - <a href="/wiki/Glavendrup_stone" title="Glavendrup stone">Glavendrup stone</a> de <a href="/wiki/Funen" title="Funen">Funen</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Póvoa de Varzim"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #ffffff">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Póvoa_de_Varzim_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Póvoa de Varzim"><span style="color:white;">Póvoa de Varzim</span></a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #006699;">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="History of Póvoa de Varzim">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Culture of Póvoa de Varzim">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Geography of Póvoa de Varzim">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Architecture of Póvoa de Varzim">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Economy of Póvoa de Varzim">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Parishes_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Civil Parishes of Póvoa de Varzim">Civil parishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Districts of Póvoa de Varzim">City districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localities_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Localities of Póvoa de Varzim">Localities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="List of people from Póvoa de Varzim">Notable people</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandeirapvz.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Póvoa de Varzim"><img alt="Póvoa de Varzim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bandeirapvz.png/75px-Bandeirapvz.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bandeirapvz.png/113px-Bandeirapvz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bandeirapvz.png/150px-Bandeirapvz.png 2x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="213" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #006699;">Libraries & museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocha_Peixoto_Municipal_Library" title="Rocha Peixoto Municipal Library">Rocha Peixoto Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Bar" title="Diana Bar">Diana Bar Beach Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnography_and_History_Museum_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Ethnography and History Museum of Póvoa de Varzim">Ethnography and History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Casa_Museum_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Santa Casa Museum of Póvoa de Varzim">Santa Casa Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cividade_de_Terroso" title="Cividade de Terroso">Cividade de Terroso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rates_Ecomuseum" title="Rates Ecomuseum">Rates Ecomuseum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #006699;">Arts & entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casino_da_P%C3%B3voa" title="Casino da Póvoa">Casino da Póvoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrett_Theatre" title="Garrett Theatre">Garrett Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim_Municipal_Auditorium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Póvoa de Varzim Municipal Auditorium (page does not exist)">Póvoa de Varzim Auditorium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim_Music_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Póvoa de Varzim Music Hall (page does not exist)">Póvoa de Varzim Music Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Filantr%C3%B3pica" title="A Filantrópica">A Filantrópica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim_Bullfighting_Arena" title="Póvoa de Varzim Bullfighting Arena">Póvoa de Varzim Arena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #006699;">Other landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim_City_Hall" title="Póvoa de Varzim City Hall">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelo_da_P%C3%B3voa" title="Castelo da Póvoa">Castelo da Póvoa Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Port of Póvoa de Varzim">Port of Póvoa de Varzim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Rates" title="Monastery of Rates">Romanesque Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriz_Church_of_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Matriz Church of Póvoa de Varzim">Parish Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Sorrows,_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Church of Our Lady of Sorrows, Póvoa de Varzim">Church of Our Lady of Sorrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart_of_Jesus,_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Póvoa de Varzim">Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="List of churches in Póvoa de Varzim">all churches</a></li> <li>Lighthouses (<a href="/wiki/Farol_da_Lapa" title="Farol da Lapa">Farol da Lapa</a> & <a href="/wiki/Farol_de_Regufe" title="Farol de Regufe">Farol de Regufe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Aqueduct" title="Santa Clara Aqueduct">Santa Clara Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coelheiro_Aqueduct&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coelheiro Aqueduct (page does not exist)">Coelheiro Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lu%C3%ADsa_Dacosta_Windmill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luísa Dacosta Windmill (page does not exist)">Luísa Dacosta Windmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Hotel_da_P%C3%B3voa" title="Grande Hotel da Póvoa">Grande Hotel da Póvoa</a></li> <li>Villas (<a href="/wiki/Calves,_Portugal" title="Calves, Portugal">Calves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Villa_Myos%C3%B3tis" title="Villa Myosótis">Villa Myosótis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alminhas" title="Alminhas">Alminhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touro_(sculpture)" title="Touro (sculpture)">Touro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculptures_in_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Sculptures in Póvoa de Varzim">Sculptures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #006699;">Notable streets<br />& squares</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_do_Almada" title="Praça do Almada">Praça do Almada</a> (civic center)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rua_da_Junqueira" title="Rua da Junqueira">Junqueira</a> (shopping street)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Largo_David_Alves" title="Largo David Alves">Largo David Alves Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_(P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim)" title="Praça da República (Póvoa de Varzim)">Praça da República</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenida_dos_Banhos" title="Avenida dos Banhos">Avenida dos Banhos</a> & <a href="/wiki/Passeio_Alegre" title="Passeio Alegre">Passeio Alegre</a> (waterfront)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avenida_Mousinho_de_Albuquerque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avenida Mousinho de Albuquerque (page does not exist)">Avenida Mousinho de Albuquerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenida_Vasco_da_Gama" title="Avenida Vasco da Gama">Avenida Vasco da Gama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenida_25_de_Abril_(P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim)" title="Avenida 25 de Abril (Póvoa de Varzim)">Avenida 25 de Abril</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pra%C3%A7a_Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Pombal_(P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praça Marquês de Pombal (Póvoa de Varzim) (page does not exist)">Praça Marquês de Pombal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_Velha" title="Praça Velha">Praça Velha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Largo_das_Dores" title="Largo das Dores">Largo das Dores Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rua_Santos_Minho" title="Rua Santos Minho">Rua Santos Minho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #006699;">Beaches & parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim_beaches" title="Póvoa de Varzim beaches">Póvoa de Varzim beaches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enseada_da_P%C3%B3voa" class="mw-redirect" title="Enseada da Póvoa">Enseada da Póvoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redonda_Beach" title="Redonda Beach">Redonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salgueira_Beach" title="Salgueira Beach">Salgueira</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verde_Beach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verde Beach (page does not exist)">Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beijinhos_Beach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beijinhos Beach (page does not exist)">Beijinhos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagoa_Beach" title="Lagoa Beach">Lagoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fragosa_Beach" title="Fragosa Beach">Fragosa</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Forcada_rock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forcada rock (page does not exist)">Forcada rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteiro_Beach" title="Esteiro Beach">Esteiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coim_Beach" title="Coim Beach">Coim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qui%C3%A3o_Beach,_Portugal" title="Quião Beach, Portugal">Quião</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Santo_Andr%C3%A9" title="Cape Santo André">Cape Santo André</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Andr%C3%A9_Beach" title="Santo André Beach">Santo André</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agu%C3%A7adoura_Beach" title="Aguçadoura Beach">Aguçadoura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Codicheira_Beach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Codicheira Beach (page does not exist)">Codicheira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Alto_Beach" title="Rio Alto Beach">Rio Alto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim_City_Park" title="Póvoa de Varzim City Park">City Park</a> & <a href="/wiki/Lagoa_da_Pedreira" title="Lagoa da Pedreira">Lagoa da Pedreira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_F%C3%A9lix_Hill" title="São Félix Hill">São Félix Hill</a> & <a href="/wiki/Cividade_Hill" title="Cividade Hill">Cividade Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #006699;">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varzim_S.C." title="Varzim S.C.">Varzim S.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clube_Desportivo_da_P%C3%B3voa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clube Desportivo da Póvoa (page does not exist)">Desportivo da Póvoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clube_Naval_Povoense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clube Naval Povoense (page does not exist)">Clube Naval Povoense</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clube_da_Praia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clube da Praia (page does not exist)">Clube da Praia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_do_Varzim_SC" title="Estádio do Varzim SC">Varzim Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim_Municipal_Stadium" title="Póvoa de Varzim Municipal Stadium">Municipal Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavilh%C3%A3o_Desportivo_Municipal_da_P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Pavilhão Desportivo Municipal da Póvoa de Varzim">Póvoa Pavilion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_da_P%C3%B3voa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marina da Póvoa (page does not exist)">Marina da Póvoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #006699;">Ethnography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Siglas poveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poveiro_(boat)" title="Poveiro (boat)">Poveiro boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ala-Arriba!_(film)" title="Ala-Arriba! (film)">Ala-Arriba! (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hino_da_P%C3%B3voa" title="Hino da Póvoa">Póvoa Hymn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_dos_Poveiros" title="Casa dos Poveiros">Casa dos Poveiros</a></li> <li>Folk costumes (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Branqueta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Branqueta (page does not exist)">Branqueta</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tricana_poveira" title="Tricana poveira">Tricana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim_Holiday" title="Póvoa de Varzim Holiday">Póvoa de Varzim Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjo_Festival" title="Anjo Festival">Anjo Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masseira" title="Masseira">Masseira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #006699;">Famous Food</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pescada_%C3%A0_poveira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pescada à poveira (page does not exist)">Pescada à poveira</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arroz_de_marico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arroz de marico (page does not exist)">Arroz de marico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feijoada_poveira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feijoada poveira (page does not exist)">Feijoada poveira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesinha_poveira" title="Francesinha poveira">Francesinha poveira</a> (fast food)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabanada_poveira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabanada poveira (page does not exist)">Rabanada poveira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_writing_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template talk:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_writing_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a> of <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing" title="History of writing">History of writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_creators_of_writing_systems" title="List of creators of writing systems">inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Languages by writing system / <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abjads" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Book Pahlavi">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golmol script (page does not exist)">Golmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himmol script (page does not exist)">Himmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kummol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kummol script (page does not exist)">Kummol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvemmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvemmol script (page does not exist)">Kvemmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachumol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachumol script (page does not exist)">Pachumol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Um%C3%AA_script" title="Umê script">Umê</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khom_Thai_script" title="Khom Thai script">Khom Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leke_script" title="Leke script">Leke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_alphabet" title="Shan alphabet">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Noi_script" title="Tai Noi script">Tai Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incung_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incung script (page does not exist)">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembak_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembak script (page does not exist)">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogan_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogan script (page does not exist)">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasemah_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasemah script (page does not exist)">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serawai_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serawai script (page does not exist)">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharati_script" title="Bharati script">Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd%27s_syllabic_shorthand" title="Boyd's syllabic shorthand">Boyd's syllabic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Déné syllabics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dham_script" title="Dham script">Dham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Natural_Shorthand" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_language" title="Qiang language">Rma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alphabets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyaka_script" title="Ariyaka script">Ariyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pazend" title="Pazend">Pazend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoiuli" title="Avoiuli">Avoiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassa Vah script">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelbren_y_Beirdd" title="Coelbren y Beirdd">Coelbren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet" title="Coorgi–Cox alphabet">Coorgi–Cox alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclectic_shorthand" title="Eclectic shorthand">Eclectic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbasan script">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Psalmanazar#Pseudo-lexicographer" title="George Psalmanazar">Formosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabelsberger_shorthand" title="Gabelsberger shorthand">Gabelsberger shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadabuursi_Somali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadabuursi Somali script">Gadabuursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asomtavruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Asomtavruli">Asomtavruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuskhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuskhuri">Nuskhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veso_Bey_alphabet" title="Veso Bey alphabet">Veso Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Iberian_alphabet" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddare_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaddare script">Kaddare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_scripts" title="Klingon scripts">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlac" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlac">Interlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Sigla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_script" title="Luo script">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molodtsov_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Script" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_Bani" title="Mundari Bani">Mundari Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Orkhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenki alphabet">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Vagindra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanya script">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_alphabet" title="Phrygian alphabet">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidian_language" title="Pisidian language">Pisidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipher_runes" title="Cipher runes">Cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_runic_inscriptions" title="Gothic runic inscriptions">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannic runes">Marcomannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staveless_runes" title="Staveless runes">Staveless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidetic_language" title="Sidetic language">Sidetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Todhri script">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language#Writing_systems" title="Kurukh language">Tolong Siki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellara_alphabet" title="Vellara alphabet">Vellara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language#Orthography" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets#Yezidi" title="Kurdish alphabets">Yezidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaghawa script">Zaghawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Non-linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Maritime flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ideograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adinkra_symbols" title="Adinkra symbols">Adinkra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba_symbols" title="Dongba symbols">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_Shaba_script" title="Ersu Shaba script">Ersu Shaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotype_(picture_language)" title="Isotype (picture language)">Isotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaid%C4%81_glyphs" title="Kaidā glyphs">Kaidā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaw_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing">Miꞌkmaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Epoch_Notation_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="New Epoch Notation Painting">New Epoch Notation Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Ojibwe_"hieroglyphs"" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Ojibwe Hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_hieroglyphs" title="Olmec hieroglyphs">Olmec</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Siglas poveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testerian" title="Testerian">Testerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_script" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Logograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_family_of_scripts" title="Chinese family of scripts">Chinese family of scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_seal_script" title="Large seal script">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_seal_script" title="Small seal script">small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird-worm_seal_script" title="Bird-worm seal script">bird-worm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawndip" title="Sawndip">Sawndip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowen script">Bowen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chinese-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_script" title="Sui script">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian cuneiform">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian cuneiform">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamite_cuneiform" title="Elamite cuneiform">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuneiform" title="Hittite cuneiform">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform Luwian">Luwian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other logosyllabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagam_script" title="Bagam script">Bagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Cretan hieroglyphs">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite_script" title="Proto-Elamite script">Proto-Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenevil" title="Tenevil">Tenevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Classical_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Classical)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Logoconsonantal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Numerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semi-syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Semi-syllabaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-syllabaries">Semi-syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_script" title="Celtiberian script">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Iberian_script" title="Northeastern Iberian script">Northeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Iberian_script" title="Southeastern Iberian script">Southeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khom_script_(Ong_Kommadam)" title="Khom script (Ong Kommadam)">Khom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunging_script" title="Dunging script">Dunging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Redundant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espanca_script" title="Espanca script">Espanca script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Paleohispanic_script" title="Southwest Paleohispanic script">Southwest Paleohispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing_in_Vietnam#Quốc_Âm_Tân_Tự" title="History of writing in Vietnam">Quốc Âm Tân Tự</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si5s" title="Si5s">si5s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_syllabary" title="Bété syllabary">Bété</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos_syllabary" title="Byblos syllabary">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditema_tsa_Dinoko" title="Ditema tsa Dinoko">Ditema tsa Dinoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_script" title="Eskayan script">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geba_syllabary" title="Geba syllabary">Geba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language#Alphabet" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idu_script" title="Idu script">Idu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jindai_moji" title="Jindai moji">Jindai moji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language#Lisu_syllabary" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_language#writing_systems" title="Loma language">Loma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nwagu_Aneke_script" title="Nwagu Aneke script">Nwagu Aneke script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Woleai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Modern_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&oldid=1234791084">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siglas_poveiras&oldid=1234791084</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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