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Vous pouvez également envoyer un courriel à la file des <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">coordinateurs</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> à <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd>, en incluant tous les détails ci-dessus.</div></div><hr /> <p>Podètz veire e copiar lo contengut d'aquesta pagina. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="oc" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">== Istòria == '''1840''' : en [[Espanha]], fin de la [[Premiera Guèrra Carlista]] que s'acabèt per la victòria d'[[Isabèl II d'Espanha|Isabèu II]]. Carles de Borbon deguèt s'exilar en [[França]]. <br/> '''1840''' : en [[Prússia]], mòrt de [[Frederic Guilhèm III de Prússia|Frederic Guilhèm III]] que foguèt remplaçat per [[Frederic Guilhèm IV de Prússia|Frederic Guilhèm IV]]. <br/> '''1840''' : desfacha dei tropas dau [[Califat de Sokoto]] còntra aquelei dau [[Reiaume d'Oyo]]. Aquò marquèt la fin de l'expansion vèrs lo sud dau Califat que veguèt pauc a pauc sei frontieras s'estabilizar. <br/> [[Fichièr:Destroying Chinese war junks, by E. Duncan (1843).jpg|thumb|right|[[Pintura]] representant la destruccion aisada de plusors [[jonca]]s [[Republica Populara de China|chinesas]] per lo naviri britanic ''[[Nemesis (1839)|Nemesis]]'' durant la [[premiera guèrra de l'òpi]].]] {{veire|Premiera guèrra de l'òpi}} '''1840-1842''' : en [[Asia]], [[premiera guèrra de l'òpi]] entre [[Reialme Unit|Britanics]] e [[Republica Populara de China|Chinés]]. Entraïnada per la volontat de [[Londres]] de durbir [[Republica Populara de China|China]] au comèrci internacionau per fòrça, s'acabèt per una victòria britanica complèta a la signatura dau [[Tractat de Nanquin]]. Per lei [[Dinastia Qing|Qing]], au contrari, comecèt un periòde malaisat marcat per lei problemas financiers, lei revòutas socialas e leis exigéncias comercialas deis [[Euròpa|Europèus]]. <br/> '''1841''' : en [[Japon]], mòrt de l'ancian shogun [[Tokugawa Ienari]] (22 de març) qu'aviá gardat lo poder, segon la tradicion Tokugawa, maugrat son abdicacion en [[1837]]. Lo poder foguèt d'ara endavant principalament entre lei mans de [[Mizuno Tadakuni]], [[daimio]] dau [[clan Mizuno]], que foguèt cargat de menar divèrsei reformas ([[reformas Tenpo]]). <br/> '''1842''' : presa de decision de la Cort suprèma de [[Massachusetts]] importanta per la legalizacion dei [[sindicat]]s de trabalhaires sus lo territòri estatsunidenc. D'efiech, lo tribunau refusèt per lo premier còp de considerar una organizacion professionala coma una « conspiracion » <ref>'''[[francés|(fr)]]''' André Kaspi, ''Les Américains. Tome 1 : Naissance et essor des Etats-Units 1607-1945'', Seuil, 1986, p. 152.</ref>. Regardant la lucha còntra l'[[esclavatge]], una decision de la Cort suprèma federala foguèt pereu una autre victòria importanta per lo camp progressista amb la fin de l'obligacion per leis estats federaus d'ajudar a la captura deis esclaus escapats presents sus son territòri<ref>'''[[francés|(fr)]]''' André Kaspi, ''Les Américains. Tome 1 : Naissance et essor des Etats-Units 1607-1945'', Seuil, 1986, p. 158.</ref>. Aquò aguèt per consequéncia de melhorar un pauc lei possibilitats de fugida deis esclaus evasits vèrs lo nòrd e subretot [[Canadà]] (onte l'esclavatge èra enebit dempuei [[1833]]). En revènge, foguèt un motiu de maucontentament suplementari per la populacion sudista. <br/> '''1842''' : començmanet dei [[reformas Tenpo]] destinadas a melhorar la situacion economica (introduccion d'una [[moneda]] novèla, interdiccion d'immigrar a [[Tòquio|Edo]], modificacion dau pretz de certanei productes... etc.). D'autra part, foguèt decidida l'abrogacion de l'[[edicte per rebutar lei naviris estrangiers]]. Pasmens, a tèrme cort, aquò cambièt ren a la politica isolacionista de [[Japon]] (au contrari, l'estudi dau neerlandés foguèt brèvament enebida). <br/> '''1843''' : en [[Japon]], per renfòrçar son contraròtle de la region d'[[Tòquio|Edo]] e d'[[Osaka]], qu'assostava lei centres politics dau [[Shogunat]], lo [[govèrn]] decidèt de sasir lei tèrras dei [[daimio]]s locaus en cambi de la cession de fèus de poissança egala dins d'autreis endrechs de l'archipèu. Aquò suscitèt un maucontentant viu entre lei senhors regardats per aquela mesura. <br/> '''1844''' : dos ans après la fin de la [[premiera guèrra de l'òpi]], [[França]] e leis [[USA|Estats Units]] obtenguèron lei meteisseis avantatges que lei Britanics en [[Republica Populara de China|China]]. <br/> '''1844''' : en fàcia de la multiplicacion dei revòutas entraïnadas per sa politica autoritària e per l'aumentacion deis [[impòst]]s, Santa Anna acceptèt de renonciar au poder en cambi d'una pension. S'[[exili|exilèt]] en [[Cuba]]. Aquò permetèt de defugir una guèrra civila mai lo caòs e l'instabilitat politica recurrenta dempuei l'independéncia dau país contunièt. Dins la [[capitala]], una insureccion permetèt ai conservadors moderats de [[Manuel Gómez Pedraza]] e dau generau [[José Joaquín de Herrera]] de prendre lo poder. <br/> '''1844''' : en [[Japon]], [[incendi]] dau [[castèu d'Edo]] qu'entraïnèt la destruccion quasi totala dau palais. Lo govèrn foguèt trasferit dins lo palais de Nishinomaru. Aquò afebliguèt mai lo prestigi dau shogun [[Tokugawa Ieyoshi]] que deviá ja faciar lo maucontentament dei [[daimio]]s dau relarg de sa [[capitala]] (→ [[1843]]). <br/> '''1845''' : adopcion d'una [[constitucion]] en [[Espanha]]. <br/> '''1845''' : irritadas per la politica anticrestiana de la rèina [[Ranavalona Ièra|Ranavalona I{{èra}}]], [[França]] e lo [[Reialme Unit|Reiaume Unit]] organizèron d'incursions navalas comunas còntra lo [[litorau]] de l'illa. Un impòst excepcionau foguèt levat sus lei marchands europèus per reparar lei degalhs dau bombardament de [[Manerinerina]] e lo comèrci amb [[Euròpa]] foguèt reduch durant uech annadas. Pasmens, lei campanhas anticrestianas foguèron d'ara endavant orientadas vèrs lei convertits e non vèrs leis Europèus. <br/> '''1845''' : integracion de dos estats suplementaris au sen de l'Union amb l'intrada de [[Florida]] (3 de març) e de [[Tèxas]] (29 de decembre). Aquela segonda integracion entraïnèt la [[Guèrra Americanomexicana]] car [[Mexic]] revendicava lo territòri de [[Tèxas]]. <br/> '''1845''' : començament de l'imigracion massiva d'Irlandés que quitèron son illa tocada per la famina de la tartifla e dei persecucions religiosas còntra lei [[Catolicisme|catolics]]. Fins a [[1854]], au mens {{formatnum:750000}} anavan venir s'installar sus lo territòri estatsunidenc<ref>'''[[francés|(fr)]]''' André Kaspi, ''Les Américains. Tome 1 : Naissance et essor des Etats-Units 1607-1945'', Seuil, 1986, p. 134</ref>. Totjorn pertocant l'evolucion de la societat estatsunidenca, la jornalista e [[feminisme|femenista]] [[Margaret Fuller]] ([[1810]]-[[1850]]) publiquèt son obratge principau (''Woman in the Nineteenth Century'') que revendicava l'independéncia dei fremas. Premier libre feminista que conoguèt un succès certan, favorizèt l'emergéncia dau femenisme estatsunidenc a la fin deis annadas 1840. Aquela lucha foguèt rapidament sostenguda per de figuras importantas dau movement abolicionista<ref>'''[[francés|(fr)]]''' André Kaspi, ''Les Américains. Tome 1 : Naissance et essor des Etats-Units 1607-1945'', Seuil, 1986, p. 154</ref>. <br/> '''1846''' : partiment de l’''[[Oregon Country]]'' entre leis [[USA|Estats Units]] e lo [[Reiaume Unit]]. <br/> '''1846''' : trèbols dins lo nòrd de [[Portugal|Portugau]] en causa d'una [[famina]]. <br/> [[Fichièr:Mexic - Pèrda territòriala dau sègle XIX.png|thumb|Pèrdas territòrialas de [[Mexic]] dins lo corrent dau sègle XIX.]] {{veire|Guèrra Americanomexicana}} '''1846-1848''' : après l'integracion de [[Tèxas]] au sen deis [[USA|Estats Units d'America]], guèrra entre leis [[USA|Estats Units]] e [[Mexic]]. Lo conflicte s'acabèt per una victòria aisada deis Estatsunidencs que poguèron annexar lei territòris dau nòrd de [[Mexic]] ([[Tèxas]], [[Califòrnia]] Auta, [[Nòu Mexic]]...). <br/> '''1848''' : en [[França]], après l'enebiment d'un banquet [[republica]]n, de manifestacions entraïnèron d'esmogudas que reversèron lo rèi [[Loís-Felip I|Loís-Felip I{{èr}}]] (22-24 de febrier). Un [[govèrn provisòri]] [[republica]]n prenguèt lo poder e proclamèt la restauracion de la Republica. asmens, en despiech de l'adopcion de quauquei mesuras progressistas (demencion d'una ora de la durada de la jornada de trabalh, adopcion dau sufragi universau masculin...), lo govèrn novèu mau capitèt de reglar la situacion sociala. Leis eleccions generalas donèron una majoritat febla ai republicans amb aperaquí 500 deputats republicans e 300 monarquistas (environ 200 orleanistas e 100 legitimistas). Lo 21 de junh, lo poder conservador novèu demandèt la sarradura deis Obradors nacionaus qu'èran un simbòl de la Revolucion de Febrier e una fònt de trabalh importanta per leis obriers [[París|parisencs]]. Entre lo 22 e lo 26 de junh, leis obriers parisencs se revoutèron donc tornarmai mai lo movement foguèt durament reprimit per lei tropas dau generau [[Eugène Cavaignac|Cavaignac]]. Aquelei combats entraïnèron una rompedura entre republicans moderats e radicaus e favorizèt l'emergéncia de [[Napoleon III|Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte]] que ganhèt lo sostèn deis obriers, venguts fòrça ostils au govèrn, dei païsans, generalament inquiets après leis eveniments de junh, e dei conservadors. Foguèt ansin aisament elegit a la presidéncia de la Republica amb 74,2% dei votz lo 11 de decembre. <br/> [[Fichièr:Karl Marx 001.jpg|thumb|right|Fotografia de [[Karl Marx]] en [[1875]].]] {{veire|Karl Marx}} '''1848''' : publicacion dau ''[[Manifèst dau Partit Comunista]]'' dei [[filosofia|filosòf]]s [[Alemanha|alemand]]s [[Karl Marx]] ([[1818]]-[[1883]]) e [[Friedrich Engels]] ([[1820]]-[[1895]]). Obratge major de la pensada occidentala, presentèt lei concèptes de [[materialisme]] aplicada a la vida sociala – es a dire la teoria de la [[lucha dei classas]] e dau ròtle dau [[proletariat]] dins l'evolucion de l'[[istòria]] [[Homo sapiens|umana]] – e prepausèt una societat novèla basada sus la proprietat collectiva dei mejans de produccion. <br/> '''1849''' : en [[Africa]], fondacion de [[Libreville]] a l'entorn d'un fòrt francés per d'esclaus negres escapats d'un naviri negrier brasilian. <br/> '''1849''' : a l'iniciativa de [[Frederic VII de Danemarc|Frederic VII]], transformacion dau país en monarquia constitucionala amb la creacion lo 5 de junh d'un parlament compausat d'una Assemblada dau Pòble e d'una Assemblada dei Grands Proprietaris. </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"></div><p id="mw-returnto">Tornar a la pagina <a href="/wiki/Ans_1840" title="Ans 1840">Ans 1840</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Recuperada de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ans_1840">https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ans_1840</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/fr">Politica de confidencialitat</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Avertiments_generals">Avertiments</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Còdi de conducta</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Desvolopaires</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/oc.wikipedia.org">Estatisticas</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declaracion suls cookies</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//oc.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ans_1840&action=edit&section=1&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Afichatge mobil</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-556c5f94cd-6dbkk","wgBackendResponseTime":135,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.004","walltime":"0.005","ppvisitednodes":{"value":17,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":767,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":2,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 0.000 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.canary-556c5f94cd-6dbkk","timestamp":"20241201041727","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>