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Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A9_(%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%82)" title="ربلة (ساق) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ربلة (ساق)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetymaro%27o" title="Tetymaro'o – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tetymaro'o" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Прасец – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Прасец" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kof-gar" title="Kof-gar – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kof-gar" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panxell" title="Panxell – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Panxell" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BDtko" title="Lýtko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lýtko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsapfu" title="Tsapfu – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Tsapfu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%AA%DE%91%DE%A6_%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%85%DE%AA%DE%88%DE%A7" title="ކުޑަ ކަޅުވާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކުޑަ ކަޅުވާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%AC%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B1" title="Γάμπα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γάμπα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantorrilla" title="Pantorrilla – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pantorrilla" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suro_(muskolo)" title="Suro (muskolo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Suro (muskolo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zango-sagar" title="Zango-sagar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zango-sagar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="پویز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پویز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollet" title="Mollet – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mollet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colpa" title="Colpa – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Colpa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papo_da_perna" title="Papo da perna – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Papo da perna" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suro" title="Suro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Suro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betis" title="Betis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Betis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9mpol" title="Kémpol – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kémpol" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jikro" title="Jikro – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Jikro" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sura_(anatomia)" title="Sura (anatomia) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sura (anatomia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sura" title="Sura – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sura" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betis" title="Betis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Betis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuit_(anatomie)" title="Kuit (anatomie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kuit (anatomie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="पिडौँला – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पिडौँला" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="फिलाक्व – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="फिलाक्व" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompilh" title="Pompilh – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pompilh" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boldir" title="Boldir – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Boldir" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%DA%93%DA%AF%D9%87" title="غوړگه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="غوړگه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81ydka" title="Łydka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Łydka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panturrilha" title="Panturrilha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Panturrilha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamb%C4%83" title="Gambă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gambă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauf_(leg)" title="Cauf (leg) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cauf (leg)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitis" title="Bitis – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Bitis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaden" title="Vaden – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vaden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alak-alakan" title="Alak-alakan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alak-alakan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bald%C4%B1r" title="Baldır – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Baldır" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%DB%90%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%84" title="كېسەل – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كېسەل" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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</nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Back part of lower leg</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Calf_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Calf (disambiguation)">Calf (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Calf</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sb_calf.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Sb_calf.png/250px-Sb_calf.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="444" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Sb_calf.png/375px-Sb_calf.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Sb_calf.png/500px-Sb_calf.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The calf is the back portion of the lower leg</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Braus_1921_293.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Braus_1921_293.png/250px-Braus_1921_293.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Braus_1921_293.png/375px-Braus_1921_293.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Braus_1921_293.png/500px-Braus_1921_293.png 2x" data-file-width="1616" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Cross-section of lower right leg, through the calf, showing its 4 compartments: <a href="/wiki/Anterior_compartment_of_the_leg" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior compartment of the leg">anterior</a> at upper right; <a href="/wiki/Lateral_compartment_of_the_leg" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral compartment of the leg">lateral</a> at center right; <a href="/wiki/Posterior_compartment_of_the_leg" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior compartment of the leg">deep posterior</a> at center; <a href="/wiki/Posterior_compartment_of_the_leg" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior compartment of the leg">superficial posterior</a> at the bottom</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>sura</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>acfle</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/01.1.00.039%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A01.1.00.039</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=164">164</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma22474">22474</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3216080" class="extiw" title="d:Q3216080">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p>The <b>calf</b> (<abbr title="plural form">pl.</abbr>: <b>calves</b>; <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>: <i>sura</i>) is the back portion of the lower leg in <a href="/wiki/Human_anatomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Human anatomy">human anatomy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The muscles within the calf correspond to the <a href="/wiki/Posterior_compartment_of_leg" title="Posterior compartment of leg">posterior compartment of the leg</a>. The two largest muscles within this compartment are known together as the <a href="/wiki/Calf_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Calf muscle">calf muscle</a> and attach to the <a href="/wiki/Heel" title="Heel">heel</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Achilles_tendon" title="Achilles tendon">Achilles tendon</a>. Several other, smaller muscles attach to the <a href="/wiki/Knee" title="Knee">knee</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ankle" title="Ankle">ankle</a>, and via long <a href="/wiki/Tendons" class="mw-redirect" title="Tendons">tendons</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Toe" title="Toe">toes</a>. </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calf_(leg)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> <i>calf</i>, <i>kalf</i>, from <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> <i>kalfi</i>, possibly derived from the same Germanic root as English <i><a href="/wiki/Calf_(animal)" title="Calf (animal)">calf</a></i> ("young cow"). Cognate with <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a> <i>kálfi</i> ("calf of the leg").<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Calf</i> and <i>calf of the leg</i> are documented in use in Middle English circa AD 1350 and AD 1425 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, the <i>absence of calf</i>, meaning a lower leg without a prominent calf muscle, was regarded by some authors as a sign of inferiority: <i>it is well known that monkeys have no calves, and still less do they exist among the lower orders of mammals</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calf_(leg)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Calf_(leg)&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2014</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The calf is composed of the muscles of the <a href="/wiki/Posterior_compartment_of_the_leg" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior compartment of the leg">posterior compartment of the leg</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Gastrocnemius" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastrocnemius">gastrocnemius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Soleus">soleus</a> (composing the <a href="/wiki/Triceps_surae_muscle" title="Triceps surae muscle">triceps surae muscle</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Tibialis_posterior" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibialis posterior">tibialis posterior</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sural_nerve" title="Sural nerve">sural nerve</a> provides innervation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calf_(leg)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Medical_condition" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical condition">Medical conditions</a> that result in calf swelling among other <a href="/wiki/Symptom" class="mw-redirect" title="Symptom">symptoms</a> include <a href="/wiki/Deep_vein_thrombosis" title="Deep vein thrombosis">deep vein thrombosis</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Compartment_syndrome" title="Compartment syndrome">compartment syndrome</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19292184_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19292184-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18783163_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18783163-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Achilles_tendon_rupture" title="Achilles tendon rupture">Achilles tendon rupture</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Varicose_vein" class="mw-redirect" title="Varicose vein">varicose veins</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Idiopathic" class="mw-redirect" title="Idiopathic">Idiopathic</a> <a href="/wiki/Leg_cramp" class="mw-redirect" title="Leg cramp">leg cramps</a> are common and typically affect the calf muscles at night.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19445755_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19445755-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edema" title="Edema">Edema</a> also is common and in many cases idiopathic. In a small study of factory workers in good health, wearing <a href="/wiki/Compression_garment" title="Compression garment">compression garments</a> helped to reduce edema and the pain associated with edema.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18806203_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18806203-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small study of runners found that wearing knee-high <a href="/wiki/Compression_stockings" title="Compression stockings">compression stockings</a> while running significantly improved performance.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19057400_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19057400-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Circumference" title="Circumference">circumference</a> of the calf has been used to estimate selected health risks. In <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, a study of 22,000 persons 65 or older found that a smaller calf circumference was associated with a higher risk of undernutrition.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19266115_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19266115-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, a study of 6265 persons 65 or older found an inverse correlation between calf circumference and carotid plaques.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18703804_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18703804-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Calf augmentation and restoration is available, using a range of <a href="/wiki/Prosthesis" title="Prosthesis">prosthesis</a> devices and surgical techniques. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Training_and_Exercise">Training and Exercise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calf_(leg)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Training and Exercise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The calves can be isolated by performing movements involving plantarflexion (pointing the toes down). The two major categories of calf exercises are those that maintain an extended knee, and those that maintain a flexed knee. </p><p>The first category includes movements such as standing calf raises, donkey calf raises and stair calves. The second category includes movements that maintain a bent knee, such as seated calf raises. Movements with a straight knee will target the gastrocnemius muscle more, and movements with a bent-knee will target the soleus muscle more. However, both variations will target both muscles to a large degree. </p><p>It is important to train the calves relatively close to failure, which is 0-4 repetitions away from technical failure. They recover quickly, often requiring rest times of as little as 10 seconds and often no more than 60 seconds. Ensuring a 1-2 second pause at the top and bottom of the movement will put more emphasis on the muscle, and less emphasis on the achilles tendon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calf_(leg)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calf_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Calf (disambiguation)">Calf (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calf_raises" title="Calf raises">Calf raises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastrocnemius_muscle" title="Gastrocnemius muscle">Gastrocnemius muscle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_leg" title="Human leg">Human leg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciatica" title="Sciatica">Sciatica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibia" title="Tibia">Shin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calf_(leg)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-calf" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/26331">"calf"</a></span>. <i><a 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href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2FSTROKEAHA.108.520106">10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.520106</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18703804">18703804</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stroke%3A+A+Journal+of+Cerebral+Circulation&rft.atitle=Calf+circumference+is+inversely+associated+with+carotid+plaques&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=2958-65&rft.date=2008-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1161%2FSTROKEAHA.108.520106&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18703804&rft.aulast=Debette&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Leone%2C+N&rft.au=Courbon%2C+D&rft.au=Gari%C3%A9py%2C+J&rft.au=Tzourio%2C+C&rft.au=Dartigues%2C+JF&rft.au=Ritchie%2C+K&rft.au=Alp%C3%A9rovitch%2C+A&rft.au=Ducimeti%C3%A8re%2C+P&rft.au=Amouyel%2C+P&rft.au=Zureik%2C+M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhal.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fdocs%2F00%2F27%2F15%2F21%2FPDF%2FMollet_Stroke_08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalf+%28leg%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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