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Frank Van Dun - Wikipedia

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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Frank Van Dun</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_van_Dun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Frank_van_Dun.jpg/200px-Frank_van_Dun.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Frank_van_Dun.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="353" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1947-02-22</span>) </span>22 February 1947<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;77)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, Belgium</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_philosophy" title="Contemporary philosophy">Contemporary philosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Western_philosophy" title="Western philosophy">Western philosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_of_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools of philosophy">School</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ghent" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Ghent">University of Ghent</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mises_Institute" title="Mises Institute">Mises Institute</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rothbard_Institute&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rothbard Institute (page does not exist)">Rothbard Institute</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rothbard_Instituut" class="extiw" title="nl:Rothbard Instituut">nl</a>&#93;</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main interests</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy of law">Philosophy of law</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_human_rights" title="Philosophy of human rights">Philosophy of human rights</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.ugent.be/~frvandun">users<wbr />.ugent<wbr />.be<wbr />/~frvandun</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Frank Van Dun</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Flemish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-BE-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">&#91;vɑn<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈdʏn&#93;</a></span>; born February 22, 1947) is a Belgian <a href="/wiki/Philosopher_of_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher of law">philosopher of law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">classical liberal</a> <a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">natural law</a> theorist. He is associated with the law faculty of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ghent" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Ghent">University of Ghent</a>. In 2013 he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Prize_for_Liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Prize for Liberty">Prize for Liberty</a> by the Flemish classical-liberal think tank <a href="/wiki/Nova_Civitas" title="Nova Civitas">Libera!</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Van_Dun&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Van Dun published his book <i>Het Fundamenteel Rechtsbeginsel</i> (Dutch for <i>The Fundamental Principle of Law</i>) in 1983, in which he argued that a rationally convincing answer to the question "What is law?" can only be found by respecting dialogue and argumentation. He is thus an adherent of <a href="/wiki/Argumentation_ethics" class="mw-redirect" title="Argumentation ethics">argumentation ethics</a>. Based on this premise, Van Dun argues that every natural person (individual) has a lawful claim on his life, freedom and property. This claim is absolute, insofar as it does not prohibit the equivalent claims of other natural persons, i.e. insofar as argumentation is respected. </p><p>Van Dun clearly distinguishes the <i>lawful</i> (ius) and the <i>legal</i> (lex). In his view, Western positive law systems reduce people to human resources, artificial persons with merely legal status. Positive law defines the <i>legal</i> but can only be <i>lawful</i> insofar as individuals have full secession rights from the institutional framework that is making said positive law. It logically follows that no judge can be forced upon a person who is willing to search a lawful solution for any conflict. </p><p>Van Dun claims that the correct interpretation of the <a href="/wiki/Non-aggression_principle" title="Non-aggression principle">non-aggression principle</a> (NAP) is <a href="/wiki/Praxeology" title="Praxeology">praxeological</a> rather than physical, because property is a "means of action". He thus claims <i>freedom before property</i> instead of <i>freedom as property</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> This implies that it's not necessarily only the last action in the chain of social causations that is unlawful. Consider the following examples: </p> <ul><li>With regard to land encirclement, a praxeological NAP could imply a "freedom proviso" when the encircling land owner refuses to discuss a reasonable solution.</li> <li>With regard to copyrights, a praxeological NAP implies that the use of one's signature (as an expression of one's body as "means of action") could reasonably be considered more important than the physical freedom of exactly copying another person's signature with one's paper and ink.</li> <li>With regard to freedom of speech, a praxeological NAP could imply that it is unlawful for an individual to order an unlawful act, e.g. a general ordering a murder of someone willing to seek lawful solutions.</li></ul> <p>The <i>freedom before property</i> interpretation of the NAP is not widely accepted within the libertarian community. For example, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Block" title="Walter Block">Walter Block</a> adheres to the <i>freedom as property</i> interpretation.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_rights">Human rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Van_Dun&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Human rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Van Dun sees human rights as fundamentally different from the "Universal Declaration of Human Rights". According to him when you have a right you have a right. Therefore, human rights are, e.g., the right of self-determination for one's own life, liberty and the products of one's liberty (property) and he call these rights fundamental rights. This is not the case in the "Universal Declaration of Human Rights". He sees the "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" equivalent to "Animal Rights", since the rights enumerated in the "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" are sometimes conflicting with each other and many of these rights are only valid insofar as legislation of the government is not contradicting it. Therefore, he sees rulers which are acting as masters of the "human" animals (i.e. "slaves") in the "Universal Declaration of Human Rights".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tobacco_lobby">Tobacco lobby</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Van_Dun&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Tobacco lobby"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Belgian newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Soir" title="Le Soir">Le Soir</a></i> reported on 8 June 2012, that between 1988 and 2000, Belgian scientists Van Dun and Marcel Javeau were paid by the <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_lobby" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobacco lobby">tobacco lobby</a>, through the group 'Associates for Research in the Science of Enjoyment' (ARISE).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Van Dun responded in the Belgian <i>Eos-magazine</i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> that while indeed he gave two presentations for ARISE in which he presented his visions, he wasn't paid to do so and he never was a member of ARISE. However, the <a href="/wiki/Legacy_Tobacco_Documents_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Legacy Tobacco Documents Library">Legacy Tobacco Documents Library</a> contains a document<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> that lists Van Dun as an "associate". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Van_Dun&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Het fundamenteel rechtsbeginsel</i> (‘<i>The Fundamental Principle of Law</i>’) (1983) (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rothbard.be/boeken/FRB.pdf">Dutch 2008 PDF version</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged December 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup>)</li> <li><i>Crash en Depressie</i> (1988) (‘<i>Crash and Depression</i>’) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-72435-01-X" title="Special:BookSources/90-72435-01-X">90-72435-01-X</a></li> <li><i>De utopische verleiding</i> (‘<i>The Utopian Enticement</i>’), with Hans Crombag, 1997, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-254-2466-X" title="Special:BookSources/90-254-2466-X">90-254-2466-X</a></li> <li><i>Mens, burger, fiscus</i> (‘<i>Man, Citizen, Taxes</i>’, 2000) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-423-0125-2" title="Special:BookSources/90-423-0125-2">90-423-0125-2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Van_Dun&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/journal-libertarian-studies/reply-frank-van-duns-natural-law-and-jurisprudence-freedom">"Reply to Frank van Dun's "Natural Law and the Jurisprudence of Freedom" | Mises Institute"</a>. <i>mises.org</i>. 2014-07-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=mises.org&amp;rft.atitle=Reply+to+Frank+van+Dun%27s+%22Natural+Law+and+the+Jurisprudence+of+Freedom%22+%7C+Mises+Institute&amp;rft.date=2014-07-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Fjournal-libertarian-studies%2Freply-frank-van-duns-natural-law-and-jurisprudence-freedom&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Van+Dun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mises.org/journals/jls/15_4/15_4_1.pdf">"Human Dignity: Reason or Desire? Natural Rights versus Human Rights"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 30 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Human+Dignity%3A+Reason+or+Desire%3F+Natural+Rights+versus+Human+Rights&amp;rft.date=2014-07-30&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Fjournals%2Fjls%2F15_4%2F15_4_1.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Van+Dun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lesoir.be/actualite/belgique/2010-06-08/le-lobby-du-tabac-recrutait-des-profs-d-unif-774824.php">Le lobby du tabac recrutait des prof d'unif</a> Le soir, 8 June 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eosmagazine.eu/home/ctl/Detail/mid/485/xmid/2273/xmfid/12.aspx">Twee Belgische wetenschappers bewezen diensten aan tabakslobby</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100613085116/http://www.eosmagazine.eu/home/ctl/Detail/mid/485/xmid/2273/xmfid/12.aspx">Archived</a> June 13, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/puy87e00/pdf">"ARISE"</a>. Legacy.library.ucsf.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=ARISE&amp;rft.pub=Legacy.library.ucsf.edu&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegacy.library.ucsf.edu%2Ftid%2Fpuy87e00%2Fpdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Van+Dun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Van_Dun&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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