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The DETERMINANTS OF CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD CHOISE AMONG REPRODUCTIVE-AGE WOMEN IN KIRKUK, IRAQ | Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title> The DETERMINANTS OF CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD CHOISE AMONG REPRODUCTIVE-AGE WOMEN IN KIRKUK, IRAQ | Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine </title> <link rel="icon" href="http://mjphm.org/public/journals/1/favicon_en_US.png"> <meta name="generator" content="Open Journal Systems 3.3.0.15"> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Hawri Yaba Mohammed-Amen"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Suhailah Mohammed Ali"/> <meta name="DC.Date.created" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-08-28"/> <meta name="DC.Date.dateSubmitted" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-03-03"/> <meta name="DC.Date.issued" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-09-17"/> <meta name="DC.Date.modified" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-09-17"/> <meta name="DC.Description" xml:lang="en" content="Modern family planning (FP) offers women of reproductive age several advantages, including preventing unintended pregnancies, establishing ideal child spacing, and enhancing quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the determinant of contraceptive methods options among women of reproductive age in Kirkuk, Iraq. A cross-sectional study was conducted at family planning units in ten primary health care (PHC) facilities and Kirkuk and Azadi Teaching Hospital between September 1st, 2023, and January 20th, 2024.Out of 500 respondents, 74.6% (n=373) utilized contraception, and 25.4% (n=127) did not. Most used condoms (21%), withdrawal 16%, IUDs 12.6%. About 46% had 1-2 children. Most respondents (64.8%) had a 1–2-year interval between pregnancies. The study demonstrated a significant association (p&lt;0.001) between women's contraceptive method choice and reproductive characteristics such as births, miscarriage, number of children, marital duration, age at marriage, and menstrual cycle regularity. However, the inter-pregnancy interval factor (p&lt;0.055) didn't show a significant influence on women's choices of contraceptive methods. Findings indicated women's inter-pregnancy disparity did not affect contraceptive choices. While Parity, miscarriage, number of children, and menstrual cycle regularity affected contraceptive technique selection. These findings demonstrate the need for personalized family planning that takes reproductive, familial, and individual factors into account to give women a viable contraceptive option. "/> <meta name="DC.Format" scheme="IMT" content="application/pdf"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="2636"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.pageNumber" content="59-70"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.URI" content="http://mjphm.org/index.php/mjphm/article/view/2636"/> <meta name="DC.Language" scheme="ISO639-1" content="en"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright (c) 2024 Hawri Yaba Mohammed-Amen, Suhailah Mohammed Ali"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content=""/> <meta name="DC.Source" content="Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine"/> <meta name="DC.Source.ISSN" content="2590-3829"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Issue" content="2"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Volume" content="24"/> <meta name="DC.Source.URI" content="http://mjphm.org/index.php/mjphm"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="Abortion, Contraception, Post-abortion family planning, Unmet need"/> <meta name="DC.Title" content="The DETERMINANTS OF CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD CHOISE AMONG REPRODUCTIVE-AGE WOMEN IN KIRKUK, IRAQ"/> <meta name="DC.Type" content="Text.Serial.Journal"/> <meta name="DC.Type.articleType" content="Articles"/> <meta name="gs_meta_revision" content="1.1"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="MJPHM"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="2590-3829"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Hawri Yaba Mohammed-Amen"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="College of Nursing, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk City, Iraq."/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Suhailah Mohammed Ali"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Maternal and Neonatal health Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk City, Iraq"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="The DETERMINANTS OF CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD CHOISE AMONG REPRODUCTIVE-AGE WOMEN IN KIRKUK, IRAQ"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="citation_date" content="2024/08/28"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="24"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="2"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="59"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="70"/> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="http://mjphm.org/index.php/mjphm/article/view/2636"/> <meta name="citation_keywords" xml:lang="en" content="Abortion, Contraception, Post-abortion family planning, Unmet need"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="http://mjphm.org/index.php/mjphm/article/download/2636/804"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="References"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="WHO. 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<h1 class="page_title"> The DETERMINANTS OF CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD CHOISE AMONG REPRODUCTIVE-AGE WOMEN IN KIRKUK, IRAQ </h1> <div class="row"> <div class="main_entry"> <section class="item authors"> <h2 class="pkp_screen_reader">Authors</h2> <ul class="authors"> <li> <span class="name"> Hawri Yaba Mohammed-Amen </span> <span class="affiliation"> College of Nursing, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk City, Iraq. </span> <span class="orcid"> <a href="https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0043-4886" target="_blank"> https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0043-4886 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="name"> Suhailah Mohammed Ali </span> <span class="affiliation"> Department of Maternal and Neonatal health Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk City, Iraq </span> <span class="orcid"> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6403-8863" target="_blank"> https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6403-8863 </a> </span> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="item keywords"> <h2 class="label"> Keywords: </h2> <span class="value"> Abortion, Contraception, Post-abortion family planning, Unmet need </span> </section> <section class="item abstract"> <h2 class="label">Abstract</h2> <p>Modern family planning (FP) offers women of reproductive age several advantages, including preventing unintended pregnancies, establishing ideal child spacing, and enhancing quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the determinant of contraceptive methods options among women of reproductive age in Kirkuk, Iraq. A cross-sectional study was conducted at family planning units in ten primary health care (PHC) facilities and Kirkuk and Azadi Teaching Hospital between September 1<sup>st</sup>, 2023, and January 20<sup>th</sup>, 2024.Out of 500 respondents, 74.6% (n=373) utilized contraception, and 25.4% (n=127) did not. Most used condoms (21%), withdrawal 16%, IUDs 12.6%. About 46% had 1-2 children. Most respondents (64.8%) had a 1–2-year interval between pregnancies. The study demonstrated a significant association (p<0.001) between women's contraceptive method choice and reproductive characteristics such as births, miscarriage, number of children, marital duration, age at marriage, and menstrual cycle regularity. However, the inter-pregnancy interval factor (p<0.055) didn't show a significant influence on women's choices of contraceptive methods. Findings indicated women's inter-pregnancy disparity did not affect contraceptive choices. While Parity, miscarriage, number of children, and menstrual cycle regularity affected contraceptive technique selection. These findings demonstrate the need for personalized family planning that takes reproductive, familial, and individual factors into account to give women a viable contraceptive option.</p> <p> </p> </section> <section class="item references"> <h2 class="label"> References </h2> <div class="value"> <p>References </p> <p>WHO. World Family Planning 2022 Meeting the changing needs for family planning: Contraceptive use by age and method [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Sep 16]. Available from: <a href="https://books.google.iq/books/about/World_Family_Planning_2022.html?id=SxsT0AEACAAJ&redir_esc=y">https://books.google.iq/books/about/World_Family_Planning_2022.html?id=SxsT0AEACAAJ&redir_esc=y</a> </p> <p>Bongaarts J, Hardee K. Trends in contraceptive prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa: the roles of family planning programs and education. Afr J Reprod Health. 2019 Nov 17;23(3):96–105. </p> <p>Alrawi. Exploring barriers to family planning service utilization and uptake among women in Iraq. EMHJ – Vol 27 No 8 – 2021. 2021;825. </p> <p>UNICEF. 2018 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS6 ) Briefing | UNICEF Iraq [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Sep 22]. Available from: <a href="https://www.unicef.org/iraq/reports/2018-multiple-indicator-cluster-survey-mics6-briefing">https://www.unicef.org/iraq/reports/2018-multiple-indicator-cluster-survey-mics6-briefing</a> </p> <p>WHO. Family planning/contraception methods [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Sep 16]. Available from: <a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/family-planning-contraception">https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/family-planning-contraception</a> </p> <p>parzhin, Sanna. Reasons Associated With Common Contraceptive Methods Used among Women in Qaladze District | Kufa Journal for Nursing Sciences. 2022 Dec 25 [cited 2023 Sep 24]; Available from: <a href="https://www.journal.uokufa.edu.iq/index.php/kjns/article/view/10568">https://www.journal.uokufa.edu.iq/index.php/kjns/article/view/10568</a> </p> <p>Abrah P. Contraceptives Use Among Reproductive-Age Women in New Juaben Municipality, Ghana [PhD Thesis]. Walden University; 2021. </p> <p>Angdembe MR, Sigdel A, Paudel M, Adhikari N, Bajracharya KT, How TC. Modern contraceptive use among young women aged 15–24 years in selected municipalities of Western Nepal: results from a cross-sectional survey in 2019. BMJ Open. 2022 Mar 1;12(3):e054369. </p> <p>Abdulridha AS. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Contraception Methods among Childbearing Age Women in Wasit, Iraq. Ann Romanian Soc Cell Biol. 2021 Sep 23;4571–80. </p> <p>Amin KM. Approaches of Removal Missed intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUD) [Internet]. Vol. 10. 2019 [cited 2024 Jan 21]. p. 2427. Available from: <a href="https://openurl.ebsco.com/contentitem/doi:10.5958%2F0976-5506.2019.02229.0?sid=ebsco:plink:crawler&id=ebsco:doi:10.5958%2F0976-5506.2019.02229.0">https://openurl.ebsco.com/contentitem/doi:10.5958%2F0976-5506.2019.02229.0?sid=ebsco:plink:crawler&id=ebsco:doi:10.5958%2F0976-5506.2019.02229.0</a> </p> <p>Daniel WW, Cross CL. Biostatistics: a foundation for analysis in the health sciences. Wiley; 2018. </p> <p>Nations U. World Fertility and Family Planning 2020: Highlights(Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division). 2020. </p> <p>Alenezi GG, Haridi HK. Awareness and use of family planning methods among women in Northern Saudi Arabia. Middle East Fertil Soc J. 2021 Apr 1;26(1):8. </p> <p>Beksinska M, Wong R, Smit J. Male and female condoms: Their key role in pregnancy and STI/HIV prevention. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2020 Jul 1;66:55–67. </p> <p>Ahmed N, Al-Wandawi M, Tahir S. Pattern of Contraceptive Use Among Women Attending Family Planning Clinic in Kirkuk Governmental Hospitals, Kirkuk-Iraq. Kirkuk Univ J-Sci Stud. 2019 Sep 28;14(3):68–78. </p> <p>Imam MA, Khan B. Challenges and prospects of contraceptives use among women attending family planning services in Yobe State, Nigeria. World Sci News. 2019;(122):122–32. </p> <p>Wiesner C. Correspondence (letter to the editor): Natural Family Planning. Dtsch Ärztebl Int. 2020 Apr;117(14):251. </p> <p>Bawah AA, Sato R, Asuming P, Henry EG, Agula C, Agyei-Asabere C, et al. Contraceptive method use, discontinuation and failure rates among women aged 15–49 years: evidence from selected low income settings in Kumasi, Ghana. Contracept Reprod Med. 2021 Feb 26;6(1):9. </p> <p>Aldabbagh RO, Al-Qazaz HK. Knowledge and Practice of Contraception Use Among Females of Child-Bearing Age in Mosul, Iraq. Int J Womens Health. 2020 Mar 2;12:107–13. </p> <p>Awoyesuku PA, Altraide BOA. Contraceptive Choices and Acceptability among New Clients Attending the Family Planning Unit of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research. 2019; </p> <p>Tull K. Barriers to Family Planning in Iraq and KRI. 2020 Jul 28 [cited 2023 Nov 16]; Available from: <a href="https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/15604">https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/15604</a> </p> <p>Alsanity M, Hasan C. Factors Affecting Contraceptive Choice and Discontinuation Among Married Women in Iraqi Kurdistan. J Obstet Gynecol Cancer Res. 2023 Jun 1;8(3):240–8. </p> <p>Quenby S, Gallos ID, Dhillon-Smith RK, Podesek M, Stephenson MD, Fisher J, et al. Miscarriage matters: the epidemiological, physical, psychological, and economic costs of early pregnancy loss. The Lancet. 2021 May 1;397(10285):1658–67. </p> <p>McClendon KA, McDougal L, Ayyaluru S, Belayneh Y, Sinha A, Silverman JG, et al. Intersections of girl child marriage and family planning beliefs and use: qualitative findings from Ethiopia and India. Cult Health Sex. 2018 Jul 3;20(7):799–814. </p> <p>Sharma H, Singh SK, Srivastava S. Spatial heterogeneity and major correlates of Unmet Need of family planning among young married women aged 15-24 in India: An Exploratory Study. SAGE Open. 2021 Apr 1;11(2):21582440211024615. </p> <p>Aklil M, Temesgan W, Anteneh K, Debele T. Knowledge and Attitude Towards Short Birth Interval among Rural Women who Gave Birth in the Last Three Years at Dembecha District, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019. SAGE Open Nurs. 2022 Jun 29;8:237796082211079. </p> <p>Mustafa DY. Knowledge of Displaced Women in Relation to Family Planning in Kirkuk City. Kufa J Nurs Sci [Internet]. 2019 Apr 22 [cited 2023 Nov 16];9(1). 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BMC Womens Health. 2019 Oct 28;19(1):125. </p> </div> </section> </div><!-- .main_entry --> <div class="entry_details"> <div class="item cover_image"> <div class="sub_item"> <a href="http://mjphm.org/index.php/mjphm/issue/view/65"> <img src="http://mjphm.org/public/journals/1/cover_issue_65_en_US.png" alt=""> </a> </div> </div> <div class="item galleys"> <h2 class="pkp_screen_reader"> Downloads </h2> <ul class="value galleys_links"> <li> <a class="obj_galley_link pdf" href="http://mjphm.org/index.php/mjphm/article/view/2636/804"> pdf </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="item published"> <section class="sub_item"> <h2 class="label"> Published </h2> <div class="value"> <span>2024-08-28</span> </div> </section> </div> <div class="item citation"> <section class="sub_item citation_display"> <h2 class="label"> How to Cite </h2> <div class="value"> <div id="citationOutput" role="region" aria-live="polite"> <div class="csl-bib-body"> <div class="csl-entry">Mohammed-Amen, H. Y., & Ali, S. M. 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