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aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="보이기" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">보이기</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko" class=""><span>기부</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EC%82%BC%ED%88%AC" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class=""><span>계정 만들기</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EC%82%BC%ED%88%AC" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EC%82%BC%ED%88%AC" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EC%82%BC%ED%88%AC" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-삼투압_공식" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#삼투압_공식"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>삼투압 공식</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-삼투압_공식-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-삼투압에_의한_현상의_예:_인체_내의_삼투_현상" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#삼투압에_의한_현상의_예:_인체_내의_삼투_현상"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>삼투압에 의한 현상의 예: 인체 내의 삼투 현상</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-삼투압에_의한_현상의_예:_인체_내의_삼투_현상-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-참고_문헌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#참고_문헌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>참고 문헌</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-참고_문헌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">삼투</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 79개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmose" title="Osmose – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Osmose" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%AD" title="تناضح – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تناضح" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93smosis" title="Ósmosis – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ósmosis" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Осмас – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Осмас" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Осмоза – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Осмоза" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A3" title="অভিস্রবণ – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অভিস্রবণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoza" title="Osmoza – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Osmoza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosi_(directa)" title="Osmosi (directa) – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Osmosi (directa)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="دەڵاندن – 소라니 쿠르드어" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەڵاندن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="소라니 쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Osmosis" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmose" title="Osmose – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Osmose" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="좋은 글"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmose" title="Osmose – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Osmose" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8F%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Ώσμωση – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ώσμωση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Osmosis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmozo" title="Osmozo – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Osmozo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93smosis" title="Ósmosis – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ósmosis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoos" title="Osmoos – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Osmoos" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosi" title="Osmosi – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Osmosi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%B2" title="اسمز – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسمز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoosi" title="Osmoosi – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Osmoosi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmose" title="Osmose – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Osmose" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osm%C3%B3is" title="Osmóis – 아일랜드어" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Osmóis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="아일랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmose" title="Osmose – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Osmose" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%94" title="אוסמוזה – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוסמוזה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="परासरण – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="परासरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoza" title="Osmoza – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Osmoza" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoz" title="Osmoz – 아이티어" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Osmoz" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="아이티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozm%C3%B3zis" title="Ozmózis – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ozmózis" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BD%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Օսմոս – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օսմոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Osmosis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoso" title="Osmoso – 이도어" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Osmoso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="이도어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himnufl%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Himnuflæði – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Himnuflæði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosi" title="Osmosi – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Osmosi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B8%E9%80%8F" title="浸透 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="浸透" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ოსმოსი – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოსმოსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಆಸ್ಮಾಸಿಸ್ – 칸나다어" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಸ್ಮಾಸಿಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="칸나다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Осмос – 키르기스어" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Осмос" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="키르기스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Osmosis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmose" title="Osmose – 링구아 프랑카 노바" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Osmose" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="링구아 프랑카 노바" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekikenululo" title="Ekikenululo – 간다어" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ekikenululo" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="간다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosas" title="Osmosas – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Osmosas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoze" title="Osmoze – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Osmoze" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Осмоза – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Осмоза" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="വൃതിവ്യാപനം – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വൃതിവ്യാപനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Osmosis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmose" title="Osmose – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Osmose" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmose" title="Osmose – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Osmose" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmose" title="Osmose – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Osmose" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osm%C3%B2si" title="Osmòsi – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Osmòsi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoza" title="Osmoza – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Osmoza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osm%C3%B2si" title="Osmòsi – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Osmòsi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmose" title="Osmose – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Osmose" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoz%C4%83" title="Osmoză – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Osmoză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Осмос – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Осмос" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoza" title="Osmoza – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Osmoza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Osmosis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osm%C3%B3za" title="Osmóza – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Osmóza" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoza" title="Osmoza – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Osmoza" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musenerera" title="Musenerera – 쇼나어" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Musenerera" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="쇼나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmose" title="Osmose – 소말리아어" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Osmose" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="소말리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoza" title="Osmoza – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Osmoza" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Осмоза – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Осмоза" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis – 순다어" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Osmosis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="순다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmos" title="Osmos – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Osmos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osimosisi" title="Osimosisi – 스와힐리어" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Osimosisi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="스와힐리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="சவ்வூடு பரவல் – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சவ்வூடு பரவல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%82" title="ద్రవాభిసరణం – 텔루구어" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ద్రవాభిసరణం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="텔루구어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" title="ออสโมซิส – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ออสโมซิส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis – 타갈로그어" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Osmosis" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="타갈로그어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoz" title="Osmoz – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Osmoz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Осмос – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Осмос" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B0" title="عمل نفوذ – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عمل نفوذ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmos" title="Osmos – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Osmos" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A9m_th%E1%BA%A5u" title="Thẩm thấu – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thẩm thấu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis – 와라이어" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Osmosis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="와라이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%97%E9%80%8F" title="渗透 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="渗透" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%97%E9%80%8F" title="渗透 – 중국어" 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dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480376">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%;font-size:small}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="box-각주_부족 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Circle-icons-dev.svg/40px-Circle-icons-dev.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Circle-icons-dev.svg/60px-Circle-icons-dev.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Circle-icons-dev.svg/80px-Circle-icons-dev.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">이 문서는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%B6%9C%EC%B2%98_%EB%B0%9D%ED%9E%88%EA%B8%B0" title="위키백과:출처 밝히기">참고 문헌 목록</a>을 포함하고 있으나, <b>각주가 불충분하거나 존재하지</b> 않아 <b>출처가 모호합니다.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"><br />더욱 정확한 각주를 적용하여 이 문서가 향상되도록 도와 주세요.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Osmotic_pressure_on_blood_cells_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Osmotic_pressure_on_blood_cells_diagram.svg/300px-Osmotic_pressure_on_blood_cells_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Osmotic_pressure_on_blood_cells_diagram.svg/450px-Osmotic_pressure_on_blood_cells_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Osmotic_pressure_on_blood_cells_diagram.svg/600px-Osmotic_pressure_on_blood_cells_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="269" /></a><figcaption>삼투압에 의한 현상의 예. 용액의 종류에 따라 적혈구의 모양이 달라진다.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:0307_Osmosis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/0307_Osmosis.jpg/400px-0307_Osmosis.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/0307_Osmosis.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="308" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%ED%88%AC%EB%A7%89" class="mw-redirect" title="반투막">반투막</a> 위의 삼투 과정. 파란색 점은 삼투압 기울기를 구동하는 입자를 나타낸다.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>삼투</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(滲透, <span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>: </span><span lang="en">osmosis</span>, <span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EC%96%B4" title="문화어">문화어</a>:</span> 스밈압력) 또는 <b>삼투현상</b>이란 묽은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%A9%EC%95%A1" title="용액">용액</a>과 진한 용액이 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%ED%88%AC%EA%B3%BC%EC%84%B1%EB%A7%89" title="반투과성막">반투막</a>을 사이에 두고 있을 때, 용질은 상대적으로 입자의 크기가 크기 때문에 반투막을 통과할 수 없게 되는데 이 때 농도가 더 진한 쪽으로 용질 대신 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%A9%EB%A7%A4" title="용매">용매</a>(일반적으로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC" title="물">물</a>)가 이동하는 현상이다. 이때 발생하는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%95%EB%A0%A5" title="압력">압력</a>의 크기를 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%BC%ED%88%AC%EC%95%95" title="삼투압">삼투압</a>이라고 한다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="삼투압_공식"><span id=".EC.82.BC.ED.88.AC.EC.95.95_.EA.B3.B5.EC.8B.9D"></span>삼투압 공식</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%82%BC%ED%88%AC&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 삼투압 공식"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311305">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%BC%ED%88%AC%EC%95%95" title="삼투압">삼투압</a>입니다.</div> <p>π(삼투압)=MRTip_e^2 </p><p>{M: 용액의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%B0_%EB%86%8D%EB%8F%84" title="몰 농도">몰농도</a>(mol/L), R:기체 상수(0.0821 L·atm/mol·K), T:<a href="/wiki/%EC%BC%88%EB%B9%88" title="켈빈">절대 온도</a>(K), i:반트호프 인자(수용액이 전해질인 경우에 필요, i>1이며 값은 물질의 종류와 농도에 따라 다르다.)} </p><p>J. H. 반트호프는 삼투압의 원인은 용액 속에 녹아 있는 물질의 분자가 기체분자와 같은 법칙으로 운동하여 반투막에 압력을 미치기 때문이라 생각하고, 이 현상을 이론적으로 설명하였다. 즉, 삼투압을 P 기압, 용질 n mol을 용해하는 용액의 부피를 VL, 용액의 절대온도를 T, 기체상수를 R이라 하면, 용액의 농도가 그다지 크지 않은 범위에서 PV = nRT라는 식이 성립된다. </p><p>따라서 P=nRT/V라는 식이 성립되는데, 이때 P= π이고, n/V=M 이라 π(삼투압)=MRT 다음과 같은 간단한 식으로 나타낼 수 있다. </p><p>예시 문제) 25°C 바닷물의 평균 삼투압은 30.0 atm이다. 바닷물과 등장액인 설탕 수용액의 몰농도를 계산하시오. </p><p>π=MRTi </p><p>M= π/RTi = 30.0 atm/(0.0821 L·atm/mol·K)(298K)(1) <비전해질인 설탕의 경우 i=1> </p><p>= 1.23mol/L </p><p>= 1.23M <br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="삼투압에_의한_현상의_예:_인체_내의_삼투_현상"><span id=".EC.82.BC.ED.88.AC.EC.95.95.EC.97.90_.EC.9D.98.ED.95.9C_.ED.98.84.EC.83.81.EC.9D.98_.EC.98.88:_.EC.9D.B8.EC.B2.B4_.EB.82.B4.EC.9D.98_.EC.82.BC.ED.88.AC_.ED.98.84.EC.83.81"></span>삼투압에 의한 현상의 예: 인체 내의 삼투 현상</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%82%BC%ED%88%AC&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 삼투압에 의한 현상의 예: 인체 내의 삼투 현상"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>삼투압에 의한 현상의 예: 인체 내의 삼투 현상, 체액의 삼투압은 체액의 농도에 비례하며 체액을 구성하는 수분과 무기 염류량에 의해 결정된다. </p><p><b>1. 체내 수분량 조절(체내의 삼투압이 변하면 콩팥(신장)에서 수분의 흡수를 조절)</b> </p><p>삼투압 변화를 조절하는 중추는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%EB%87%8C" title="사이뇌">간뇌</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EC%83%81%ED%95%98%EB%B6%80" title="시상하부">시상 하부</a>로, <a href="/wiki/%EB%87%8C%ED%95%98%EC%88%98%EC%B2%B4" title="뇌하수체">뇌하수체</a> 후엽에서 분비되는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%86%8C%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EC%8B%A0" title="바소프레신">항이뇨 호르몬</a>(ADH)에 의해 조절된다 </p><p><항이뇨 호르몬> </p><p>- 뇌하수체 후엽에서 분비되는 호르몬으로 팥의 집합관에서 수분의 재흡수를 촉진한다. </p><p>- 혈관을 수축시켜 혈압을 상승시키는 역할도 하므로 바소프레신이라고도 한다 </p><p><br /> </p><p><혈장 삼투압> </p><p>체내에 흐르는 피의 양, 즉 혈류량과 혈압 역시 일정하게 유지되어야 한다. 하지만 체내의 수분은 상시 변할 수 밖에 없고 그로 인해 혈류량이 변하여 혈압 역시 변하게 된다. 체내는 이런 변화를 삼투압을 통해 일정하게 유지시킨다. </p><p>만약 체내의 수분이 많아지면 수분의 증가로 혈류량이 증가한다. 혈류량이 증가하면 당연히 혈압 역시 증가하기에 뇌의 항상성을 담당<b>흡수량을 증가</b>시켜 수분량은 증가하고, 소변량은 감소한다. </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p>-수분이 과다할 때(삼투압 하강) </p><p>  시상 하부에서 조절을 받아 뇌하수체 후엽에서 ADH 분비가 감소하여 물의 재흡수가 억제되어 수분은 감소하고 소변량은 증가한다. </p><p><br /> <b>2. 체내 무기 염류량 조절</b> </p><p>무기 염류의 농도는 수분의 이동과 삼투압에 큰 영향을 미친다. 혈중 K<sup>+</sup>의 농도가 높거나 Na<sup>+</sup>의 농도가 낮을 때는 뇌하수체 전엽에서 <b><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EC%8B%A0%ED%94%BC%EC%A7%88%EC%9E%90%EA%B7%B9%ED%98%B8%EB%A5%B4%EB%AA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="부신피질자극호르몬">부신 겉질 자극 호르몬</a>(ACTH)의 분비량이 증가하여 부신 겉질에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%8F%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8C%EB%A1%A0" title="알도스테론">알도스테론</a>의 분비가 촉진</b>되고, 이에 따라 콩팥의 세뇨관과 집합관에서 K<sup>+</sup>의 분비와 <b>Na<sup>+</sup>의 재흡수량이 증가</b>하여 혈액 속의 Na<sup>+</sup>의 농도가 높아진다. 또한 비타민, 미네랄의 부족은 세포에 필요한 단백질의 합성이 제대로 되지 않는다. 그리고 단백질의 부족은 세포의 삼투압에도 영향을 미치게 된다. 세포는 삼투압을 유지해야 세포의 크기를 유지할 수 있다. 만약 세포내에 단백질이 부족하게 되면 세포내의 음이온이 부족하게 된다. 세포내 부족한 음이온은 삼투압에 의해 세포외액에 있는 대표적인 음이온인 염소가 세포내로 들어오게 된다.(세포내 물질의 합이 일정해야 세포의 크기를 유지하게 된다.) 염소의 증가는 세포내의 나트륨의 증가를 가져오고 세포내에 나트륨이 증가를 하게 되면 삼투압을 조절에 필수인 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%ED%8A%B8%EB%A5%A8-%EC%B9%BC%EB%A5%A8_%ED%8E%8C%ED%94%84" title="나트륨-칼륨 펌프">Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> 펌프</a>가 제대로 작동을 하지 못하게 된다. Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> 펌프가 제대로 작동을 하지 못하면 세포의 전위차에 변화와 물질의 이동에 문제가 발생한다. </p><p><b>3. 삼투압 조절로 세포 모형 일정하게 유지</b> </p><p>인체 내의 많은 세포는 물질대사를 하며 세포외액은 세포에 영양의 공급과 노폐물의 배설을 도와준다. 세포에서 대사를 통해서 단백질을 합성하는 순간 세포내의 물질의 농도는 올라간다. 또 음식을 섭취함으로서 세포외액에 염분, 포도당, 아미노산의 농도가 올라간다. 이러한 변화는 삼투압에 변화를 가져오고 인체는 삼투압의 변화에 대응하기 위해서 농도의 차이에 역행하는 Na/K pump를 작동해서 삼투압을 조절을 하여 원래의 삼투압으로 다시 설정한다. 이로 인해 세포는 더 이상 팽창이나 수축을 하지 않고 기존의 세포의 크기를 그대로 유지할 수 있다. (삼투압=흡수력 ) </p><p><br /> </p> <ul><li>삼투압을 활용한 고분자의 분자량 측정</li></ul> <p>반트호프의 법칙 [van’t Hoff’s law] : 묽은 용액의 삼투압에 관한 법칙. </p><p>「이상적인 용액의 삼투압은 일정한 온도에서 용질의 농도에 비례한다」는 W. 페퍼의 실험적 결과에 입각해서 1887년 반트호프가 제출한 법칙이며 용질의 몰농도를 c, 절대 온도를 T, 기체상수를 R라 하면 용액의 삼투압의 크기 π는 다음과 같다. </p><p>π = RTc 여기서 R값은 (0.0821L·atm/mol·K)이다. </p><p>이 때 용액의 부피를 V, 용액에 포함된 용질의 몰수를 n이라 할 때 c=n/V이므로 위의 관계식은 πV = nRT=wRT/M가 된다. (w : 고분자물질의 질량, M : 분자량) 이 식을 통해 고분자 물질의 분자량 M을 구할 수 있다. </p><p><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%B0%EC%B6%94" title="배추">배추</a>를 <a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EA%B8%88" title="소금">소금</a>에 절여두면 배추의 수분이 밖으로 빠져나간다.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%9D%B4" title="오이">오이</a>를 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9D%EC%B4%88" title="식초">식초</a>에 넣으면 오이에서 수분이 빠져나가면서 <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%BC%ED%81%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="피클">피클</a>이 된다.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%81%ED%98%88%EA%B5%AC" title="적혈구">적혈구</a>를 고장액(Hypertonic)에 넣으면 적혈구에서 물이 빠져나가 쪼그라든다.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%81%ED%98%88%EA%B5%AC" title="적혈구">적혈구</a>를 저장액(Hypotonic)에 넣으면 바깥에서 적혈구로 물이 들어오면서 세포가 파괴된다. (용혈, hemolysis)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%82%BC%ED%88%AC&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%BC%ED%88%AC%EC%95%95" title="삼투압">삼투압</a>(osmotic pressure)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%9C%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C_%EC%82%BC%ED%88%AC%EC%95%95" title="콜로이드 삼투압">콜로이드 삼투압</a>(colloid osmotic-pressure)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%8F%99%EC%88%98%EC%86%A1" title="수동수송">수동수송</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%EB%A7%89" title="세포막">세포막</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%BF%A0%EC%95%84%ED%8F%AC%EB%A6%B0" title="아쿠아포린">아쿠아포린</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AD%EC%82%BC%ED%88%AC" title="역삼투">역삼투</a>(RO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%88%98_(%EB%AC%BC)" title="정수 (물)">정수</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%AD%EC%82%BC%ED%88%AC%EC%95%95_%EC%A0%95%EC%88%98%EA%B8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="역삼투압 정수기 (없는 문서)">역삼투압 정수기</a> - 정수과정에서 기존의 물속에 있는 좋은 미네랄 성분도 모조리 제거해버리기 때문에, 과한 육체노동 혹은 운동시 다른 보충없이 이 물만 마실 경우 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%ED%95%B4%EC%A7%88_%EC%87%BC%ED%81%AC" title="전해질 쇼크">전해질 쇼크</a>(미네랄 결핍 쇼크)가 올 수 있다</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%EB%84%A4%EB%9E%84_%EC%A0%95%EC%88%98%EA%B8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="미네랄 정수기 (없는 문서)">미네랄 정수기</a> - 개선된 방식</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%82%BC%ED%88%AC&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">대한의협 의학용어 사전 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.kmle.co.kr/search.php?Search=osmosis&EbookTerminology=YES&DictAll=YES&DictAbbreviationAll=YES&DictDefAll=YES&DictNownuri=YES&DictWordNet=YES">https://www.kmle.co.kr/search.php?Search=osmosis&EbookTerminology=YES&DictAll=YES&DictAbbreviationAll=YES&DictDefAll=YES&DictNownuri=YES&DictWordNet=YES</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="참고_문헌"><span id=".EC.B0.B8.EA.B3.A0_.EB.AC.B8.ED.97.8C"></span>참고 문헌</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%82%BC%ED%88%AC&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 참고 문헌"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Florian Horn, 《Biochemie des Menschen: Das Lehrbuch für das Medizinstudium》, Auflage 6, Thieme (2012)</li> <li>Armin Baur, 《Humanbiologie für Lehramtsstudierende: Ein Arbeits- und Studienbuch》, Springer Spektrum (2015)</li> <li>Christa Pews-Hocke, Edeltraud Kemnitz, Annelore Bilsing, Karl-Heinz Firtzlaff, 《Basiswissen Schule - Biologie 5. bis 10. Klasse》, Auflage 5, Bibliographisches Institut (2014)</li> <li>Theodord L. Brown,《Chemistry: The Central Science》,10th Ed.,Pearson (2007)</li> <li>Carlos Romero Magdalena, Esther Yáñez Conde, Isabel Blasco Castiñeyra, Carlota García-Hoz Jiménez Elena Feduchi Canosa, 《Bioquímica. Conceptos esenciales》, Edición 2, Editorial Médica Panamericana S.A. 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