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Mahmood Khavar</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Khalid Mahmood Khavar"> <meta name="keywords" content="Khalid Mahmood Khavar"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Khalid Mahmood Khavar"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 416</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Khalid Mahmood Khavar</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">416</span> Effects of Bulblet Induction Medium on Bulb Size and Weight of Endemic Fritillaria aurea Schoot after Treatment with Putrescine for Different Durations of Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suleyman%20Kizil">Suleyman Kizil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Mahmood%20Khavar"> Khalid Mahmood Khavar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fritillaria aurea Schott is an important horticultural crop with high economic potential for the ornamental plant industry and is endemic to the Central and South-Eastern Anatolian regions of Türkiye. This study reports an experiment conducted under in vitro conditions to improve the weight and diameter of the in vitro regenerated bulblets. The micro bulblets used in this study were obtained from callus induced on half-sliced bulblets cultured on MS medium containing 0.1 mg L⁻¹ NAA + 0.05 TDZ (R₁ medium) and 0.1 mg L⁻¹ NAA + 0.10 mg L⁻¹ TDZ (R₂ medium). Thereafter, the micro bulblets obtained from here were treated with 50 mg L⁻¹ putrescine, (tetramethylenediamine) for 3, 5, and 7 weeks. The putrescine treatment has a significant effect on the increase in diameter and weight of bulblets when compared to initial diameters, irrespective of the treatment periods and seed germination medium. When the duration of putrescine in weeks was compared, 7 weeks of treatments with putrescine were more conducive for induction in bulblet weight compared to 3 and 5 weeks treatment periods. Maximum seed weight of 0.52 grams was noted on 7 weeks of putrescine treated bulblets regenerated on 0.1 mg L⁻¹ TDZ. This strategy to increase bulb weight and diameter could be positively used to conserve and multiply this beautiful ornamental and endemic plant species. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fritillaria%20aurea" title="Fritillaria aurea">Fritillaria aurea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulblet" title=" bulblet"> bulblet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diameter" title=" diameter"> diameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight" title=" weight"> weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micropropagation" title=" micropropagation"> micropropagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyamine" title=" polyamine"> polyamine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189235/effects-of-bulblet-induction-medium-on-bulb-size-and-weight-of-endemic-fritillaria-aurea-schoot-after-treatment-with-putrescine-for-different-durations-of-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">25</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">415</span> Measuring Quality of Service in King Khalid International Airport</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20M.%20Al%20Muhareb">T. M. Al Muhareb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Any organization should take into consideration the customers’ satisfaction while providing any service to their customers. The quality of services is always considered as the main aspect that attracts the customers’ attention and helps the airports to develop their services and operations. King Khalid International Airport is considered as the gateway of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to identify the quality service in the departure area at in King Khalid Airport. The SERVQUAL questionnaire was distributed among the passengers in King Khalid International Airport and the respondents have reached to 500 passengers. The results that are obtained from the SERVQUAL questionnaire showed that the quality of airport’s services is low. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20quality" title="service quality">service quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SERVQUAL%20methodology" title=" SERVQUAL methodology"> SERVQUAL methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=King%20Khalid%20International%20Airport%20%28KKIA%29" title=" King Khalid International Airport (KKIA)"> King Khalid International Airport (KKIA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customers%E2%80%99%20satisfaction" title=" customers’ satisfaction"> customers’ satisfaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9133/measuring-quality-of-service-in-king-khalid-international-airport" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9133.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">800</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">414</span> Paradigm Shift of Leadership: Leaders in Information Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Hyder">Mustafa Hyder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Mahmood%20Iraqi"> Khalid Mahmood Iraqi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameen%20Mustafa"> Sameen Mustafa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> They say if the leader limps, all the others will start limping too. Therefore, a very dynamic leadership at all levels within the IT Community is critical to the success of an organization. This paper is an attempt to study the relationship between Information Technology (IT) with leadership and assesses its relevancy in today's fast-paced hi-tech globalized environment. The paper strives to look into the essential qualities and knowledge as needed by today's IT leader, in contrast to essential characteristics common to all the leaders-past, present, and future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title="leadership">leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autocratic%20leaders" title=" autocratic leaders"> autocratic leaders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characteristics%20of%20IT%20leaders" title=" characteristics of IT leaders"> characteristics of IT leaders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skills%20of%20IT%20professionals" title=" skills of IT professionals"> skills of IT professionals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IT%20leadership" title=" IT leadership"> IT leadership</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32894/paradigm-shift-of-leadership-leaders-in-information-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">413</span> Awareness of Drug Interactions among Physicians at Governmental Health Centers in Bahrain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasin%20I.%20Tayem">Yasin I. Tayem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamil%20Ahmed"> Jamil Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20Bahzad"> Mahmood Bahzad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Alnama"> Abdullah Alnama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahad%20Al%20Asfoor"> Fahad Al Asfoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20A.%20Jalil"> Mahmood A. Jalil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Radhi"> Mohammed Radhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Alenezi"> Ahmed Alenezi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20A.%20J.%20Al-Khaja"> Khalid A. J. Al-Khaja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) represent a significant cause of patient’s morbidity and mortality. The rate of DDIs is rapidly increasing worldwide with the increasing proportion of ageing population and frequent requirement of polypharmacy-prescription of multiple drugs to treat comorbidities. Prescribing physicians are responsible for checking their prescriptions for the presence and severity of DDIs. However, since a large number of new drugs are approved and marketed every year, new interactions between medications are increasingly reported. Consequently, it is no longer practical for physicians to rely only upon their previous knowledge of medicine to avoid potential DDIs. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of physicians working at primary healthcare centers in Bahrain towards DDIs and how they manage them during their practice. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, physicians working at all governmental primary healthcare centers in Bahrain were invited to voluntarily, privately and anonymously respond to a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire aims to assess their self-reported knowledge of DDIs and how they check for them in their practice. The participants were requested to provide socio demographic data and information related to their attitudes towards DDIs including strategies they employ for detecting and managing them, and their awareness of drugs which commonly cause DDIs. At the end of the questionnaire, an open-ended item was added to allow participants to further add any comment. Findings and Conclusions: The study is going on currently, and the results and conclusions will be presented at the conference. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awareness" title="awareness">awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20interactions" title=" drug interactions"> drug interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20centres" title=" health centres"> health centres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicians" title=" physicians"> physicians</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85707/awareness-of-drug-interactions-among-physicians-at-governmental-health-centers-in-bahrain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85707.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">412</span> MNH-886(Bt.): A Cotton Cultivar (G. Hirsutum L.) for Cultivation in Virus Infested Regions of Pakistan, Having High Seed Cotton Yield and Desirable Fibre Characteristics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wajad%20Nazeer">Wajad Nazeer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saghir%20Ahmad"> Saghir Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Mahmood"> Khalid Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Altaf%20Hussain"> Altaf Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abid%20Mahmood"> Abid Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baoliang%20Zhou"> Baoliang Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> MNH-886(Bt.) is a upland cotton cultivar (Gossypium hirsutum L.) developed through hybridization of three parents [(FH-207×MNH-770)×Bollgard-1] at Cotton Research Station Multan, Pakistan. It is resistant to CLCuVD with 16.25 % disease incidence (60 DAS, March sowing) whereas moderately susceptible to CLCuVD when planted in June with disease incidence 34 % (60 DAS). This disease reaction was lowest among 25 cotton advanced lines/varieties tested at hot spots of CLCuVD. Its performance was tested during 2009 to 2012 in various indigenous, provincial, and national varietal trials in comparison with the commercial variety IR-3701 and AA-802 & CIM-496. In PCCT trial during 2009-10; 2011-12, MNH-886 surpassed all the existing Bt. strains along with commercial varieties across the Punjab province with seed cotton yield production 2658 kg ha-1 and 2848 kg ha-1 which was 81.31 and 13% higher than checks, respectively. In National Coordinated Bt. Trial, MNH-886(Bt.) produced 3347 kg ha-1 seed cotton at CCRI, Multan; the hot spot of CLCuVD, in comparison to IR-3701 which gave 2556 kg ha-1. It possesses higher lint percentage (41.01%), along with the most desirable fibre traits (staple length 28.210mm, micronaire value 4.95 µg inch-1 and fibre strength 99.5 tppsi, and uniformity ratio 82.0%). The quantification of toxicity level of crystal protein was found positive for Cry1Ab/Ac protein with toxicity level 2.76µg g-1 and Mon 531 event was confirmed. Having tremendous yield potential, good fibre traits, and great tolerance to CLCuVD we can recommended this variety for cultivation in CLCuVD hotspots of Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title="cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultivar" title=" cultivar"> cultivar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton%20leaf%20curl%20virus" title=" cotton leaf curl virus"> cotton leaf curl virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CLCuVD%20hit%20districts" title=" CLCuVD hit districts"> CLCuVD hit districts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2585/mnh-886bt-a-cotton-cultivar-g-hirsutum-l-for-cultivation-in-virus-infested-regions-of-pakistan-having-high-seed-cotton-yield-and-desirable-fibre-characteristics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">411</span> Association Between Malnutrition and Dental Caries in Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Khalid%20Mahmood">Mohammed Khalid Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Delphine%20Tardivo"> Delphine Tardivo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Romain%20Lan"> Romain Lan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dental caries is one of the most common diseases in the world, affecting billions of people and significantly lowering the quality of life. Malnutrition, on the other hand, is defined as inadequate, imbalanced, or excessive consumption of macronutrients, micronutrients, or both, which is characterized as an abnormal physiological condition. Oral health is impacted by malnutrition, and malnutrition can result from poor oral health. The objective of this paper was to study the association of serum Vitamin D level and body mass index as representatives of malnutrition at micro and macro levels, respectively, on dental caries. Results showed that: 1. The majority of the population studied (70%) are Vitamin D deficient. 2. Having a normal and even a sufficient level of serum Vitamin D and having a normal body mass index increase the chances of children being caries-free and having a lower caries index. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title="children">children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental%20Caries" title=" dental Caries"> dental Caries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malnutrition" title=" malnutrition"> malnutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20D" title=" vitamin D"> vitamin D</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159138/association-between-malnutrition-and-dental-caries-in-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">410</span> Multi-Criteria Decision Support System for Modeling of Civic Facilities Using GIS Applications: A Case Study of F-11, Islamabad</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Shaheen%20Hashmi">Asma Shaheen Hashmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omer%20Riaz"> Omer Riaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Mahmood"> Khalid Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahad%20Ullah"> Fahad Ullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanveer%20Ahmad"> Tanveer Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The urban landscapes are being change with the population growth and advancements in new technologies. The urban sprawl pattern and utilizes are related to the local socioeconomic and physical condition. Urban policy decisions are executed mostly through spatial planning. A decision support system (DSS) is very powerful tool which provides flexible knowledge base method for urban planning. An application was developed using geographical information system (GIS) for urban planning. A scenario based DSS was developed to integrate the hierarchical muti-criteria data of different aspects of urban landscape. These were physical environment, the dumping site, spatial distribution of road network, gas and water supply lines, and urban watershed management, selection criteria for new residential, recreational, commercial and industrial sites. The model provided a framework to incorporate the sustainable future development. The data can be entered dynamically by planners according to the appropriate criteria for the management of urban landscapes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban" title="urban">urban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial" title=" spatial"> spatial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criteria" title=" criteria"> criteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1532/multi-criteria-decision-support-system-for-modeling-of-civic-facilities-using-gis-applications-a-case-study-of-f-11-islamabad" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">637</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">409</span> Awareness, Use and Searching Behavior of 'Virtua' Online Public Access Catalog Users</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saira%20Soroya">Saira Soroya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Mahmood"> Khalid Mahmood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Library catalogs open the door to the library collection. OPAC (Online Public Access Catalog) are one of the services offered by automated libraries. The present study aims to explore user’s awareness, the level of use and their searching behavior of OPAC with a purpose to give suggestions and ways to improve user-friendly features of library OPAC. The population consisted of OPAC users of Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS). Convenient sampling technique was carried out. Total sample size was 100 OPAC users. Quantitative research design, based on survey method used to carry out the study. The data collection instrument was adopted. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Results revealed that a considerable number of users were not aware of OPAC i.e. (30%); however, those who were aware were using basic features of the OPAC. It was found that lack of knowledge was considered the frequent reason for not using all features of OPAC. In this regard, it is strongly recommended that compulsory information literacy programme should be established. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalog" title="catalog">catalog</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OPAC" title=" OPAC"> OPAC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=library%20automation" title=" library automation"> library automation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=usability%20study" title=" usability study"> usability study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20library" title=" university library"> university library</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67532/awareness-use-and-searching-behavior-of-virtua-online-public-access-catalog-users" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">408</span> Pakistan’s Taxation System: A Critical Appraisal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Javed">Khalid Javed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rashid%20Mahmood"> Rashid Mahmood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The constitution empowers the Federal Government to collect taxes on income other than agricultural income, taxes on capital value, customs, excise duties and sales taxes. The Central Board of Revenue (CBR) and its subordinate departments administer the tax system. Each of the three principal taxes has a different history and different set of issues. For a large number of income tax payers the core of the business process is pre-audit and assessment by a tax official. This process gives considerable discretion to tax officials, with potential for abuse. Moreover, this process is also not tenable as the number of taxpayers increase. The report is focused on a total overhaul of the process and organization of income tax. Sales tax is recent and its process and organization is adjusted to the needs of an expanding tax base. These are based on self-assessment and selective audit. Similarly, in customs the accent is on accelerating and broadening the changes begun in recent years. Before long, central excise will be subsumed in sales tax. During the nineties, despite many changes in the tax regime and introduction of withholding and presumptive taxes, Federal Government tax to GDP ratio has varied narrowly around eleven percent. The tax base has grown but still remains narrow and skewed. The number of income tax filers is around one million. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20board%20of%20revenue" title="central board of revenue">central board of revenue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GDP" title=" GDP"> GDP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sale%20tax" title=" sale tax"> sale tax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=income%20tax" title=" income tax"> income tax</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34903/pakistans-taxation-system-a-critical-appraisal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34903.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">407</span> A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Assembly Line Balancing In Automotive Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qazi%20Salman%20Khalid">Qazi Salman Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Khalid"> Muhammad Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahid%20Maqsood"> Shahid Maqsood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a solution for optimizing the cycle time in an assembly line with human-robot collaboration and diverse operators. A genetic algorithm with tailored parameters is used to address the assembly line balancing problem in the automobile sector. A mathematical model is developed, depicting the problem. Currently, the firm runs on the largest candidate rule; however, it causes a lag in orders, which ultimately gets penalized. The results of the study show that the proposed GA is effective in providing efficient solutions and that the cycle time has significantly impacted productivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=line%20balancing" title="line balancing">line balancing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cycle%20time" title=" cycle time"> cycle time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity" title=" productivity"> productivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162367/a-hybrid-genetic-algorithm-for-assembly-line-balancing-in-automotive-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162367.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">406</span> Comparative Acaricidal Efficacy of Fluralaner vs Oral Ivermectin Against Tick Infestation in Dogs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tayyaba%20Zahra">Tayyaba Zahra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shehla%20Gul%20Bokhari"> Shehla Gul Bokhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asim%20Khalid%20Mahmood"> Asim Khalid Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raheela%20Akhtar"> Raheela Akhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khizar%20Matloob"> Khizar Matloob</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Pakistan, dogs are commonly infested with ticks, especially in summers, causing not only dermatological issues but also systemic problems. Persistence of tick infestation often leads to heavy losses. Different acaricides are locally available with variable efficacy; however, recurrence of infestation is commonly reported. The present study was thus designed to compare the efficacy of a novel drug Fluralaner and conventionally used Ivermectin against tick infestation. Dogs positive for tick infestation were randomly divided into 2 groups viz, Groups A and B having 8 dogs each. Ticks were enumerated manually from the whole body of dogs at day 0 before the administration of drugs Dogs in Group A were treated with Fluralaner at day 0, and dogs in Group B were treated with Ivermectin. Post-treatment, ticks were counted again at days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. At day 07 of the study, no tick was found on the dogs treated with Fluralaner, while many ticks were present on the dogs treated with Ivermectin showing an efficacy up to 50%. On the consecutive follow-up evaluations, similar results were found for Fluralaner while the efficacy of Ivermectin was further reduced to less than 50%. Furthermore, Fluralaner treated dogs had better RBC counts, PCV, Hgb concentration, LFTs, RFTs post-treatment than the dogs treated with Ivermectin. Statistically, oral Fluralaner proved a more effective drug (P≤0.05)than oral Ivermectin against tick infestation in dogs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluralaner" title="fluralaner">fluralaner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ivermectin" title=" ivermectin"> ivermectin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dogs" title=" dogs"> dogs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tick%20infestations" title=" tick infestations"> tick infestations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142770/comparative-acaricidal-efficacy-of-fluralaner-vs-oral-ivermectin-against-tick-infestation-in-dogs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">405</span> Pegylated Interferon in HCV Genotype 3 Relapser to Conventional Interferon in Pakistani Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Khalid%20Niaz">Saad Khalid Niaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arif%20Mahmood%20Siddiqui"> Arif Mahmood Siddiqui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afzal%20Haqi"> Afzal Haqi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Estimated prevalence of Hepatitis C in Pakistan is 5% of which 78 % are Genotype 3, in which Response to conventional interferon is reported to be 70%. Objective: To determine the efficacy of pegylated interferon 20 kDa (Unipeg) plus ribavirin (Ribazole) in HCV genotype 3 patients who relapsed to conventional interferon. Methods: This is an ongoing study of 20 enrolled patients. Pegylated interferon alfa-2a 20 kDa 180 mcg weekly with ribavirin, were administered for a period of 24 weeks. Virological Responses were measured by Qualitative HCV RNA at weeks 4, 12, 24 and 48 to determine Rapid Virological Response (RVR), Early Virological Response (EVR), End of Treatment (ETR) and Sustained Virological Response (SVR), respectively. EVR was done for those who didn’t achieve RVR. Results: Males were 12 (60%) and mean age was 38.5 ±7.62 years. Out of 20 recruited patients, all completed 4 weeks therapy; RVR was achieved in 8 (40%) patients. One patient was lost to follow up and one yet to visit at 12 weeks. From 10 patients, 8 (80%) patients achieved EVR. Out of intent-to-treat patients, 15 completed 24 weeks therapy, ETR was achieved in 14 (93%) patients and 9 patients completed post therapy follow-up, of which, 8 (89%) patients achieved SVR. Conclusion: Our interim data demonstrates that Pegylated Interferon alfa-2a 20 kDa 180 mcg (Unipeg) in combination with Ribavirin (Ribazole) has shown promising results in treating HCV Genotype 3 patients who relapsed to conventional interferon. We recommend use of Pegylated Interferon in Relapsers with Genotype 3 when financial constraints limit the use of oral antivirals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pegylated%20interferon%20%28unipeg%29" title="pegylated interferon (unipeg)">pegylated interferon (unipeg)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatitis%20c" title=" hepatitis c"> hepatitis c</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relapsers" title=" relapsers"> relapsers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42845/pegylated-interferon-in-hcv-genotype-3-relapser-to-conventional-interferon-in-pakistani-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42845.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">404</span> Pathological and Molecular Diagnosis of Caseous Lymphadenitis in Chinkara Deer (Gazella Bennettii), in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mudassar%20Iqbal">Mudassar Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riaz%20Hussain"> Riaz Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Mehmood"> Khalid Mehmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farah%20Ali"> Farah Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazal%20Mahmood"> Fazal Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Ghaffar"> Abdul Ghaffar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is an important cause of caseous lymphadenitis (CL), a complex, chronic devastating and destructive disease of small ruminants. In present study, postmortem examination of Chinkara deer (n=25) was conducted in year 2014. Pus samples suggestive of CL were collected from the superficial lymph nodes, liver, spleen and lungs during necropsy and subjected to standard microbiological procedures for isolation and molecular analysis of bacterial pathogens. Pus samples collected from carcasses (25) presenting clinical lesions of C. pseudotuberculosis infection was identified in 19 (76%) carcasses on the basis of culture characteristics. The frequency of C. pseudotuberculosis bacterium was higher in older animals as compared to young animals. Grossly, multiple tubercles of variable size having caseous material were observed in liver, lungs, spleen and lymph nodes. Histopathologically, tissue sections from all the visceral organs were extensively plugged with abscess. In present study specific prolineiminopeptidase (PIP) gene of the C. pseudotuberculosis was amplified by the Polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) in 17(25) cases. The efficient and reliable molecular analysis along with necropsy findings in present study can be used as valuable approach for diagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinkara%20deer" title="Chinkara deer">Chinkara deer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Corynebacterium%20pseudotuberculosis" title=" Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis"> Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caseous%20lymphadenitis" title=" Caseous lymphadenitis"> Caseous lymphadenitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCR" title=" PCR"> PCR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24616/pathological-and-molecular-diagnosis-of-caseous-lymphadenitis-in-chinkara-deer-gazella-bennettii-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24616.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">403</span> Using Lean Six-Sigma in the Improvement of Service Quality at Aviation Industry: Case Study at the Departure Area in KKIA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tareq%20Al%20Muhareb">Tareq Al Muhareb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jasper%20Graham-Jones"> Jasper Graham-Jones </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The service quality is a significant element in aviation industry especially in the international airports. Through this paper, the researchers built a model based on Lean six sigma methodologies and applied it in the departure area at KKIA (King Khalid International Airport) in order to assess it. This model characterized with many special features that can become over the cultural differences in aviation industry since it is considered the most critical circumstance in this field. Applying the model of this study is depending on following the DMAIC procedure systemized in lean thinking aspects. This model of Lean-six-sigma as a managerial procedure is mostly focused on the change management culture that requires high level of planning, organizing, modifying, and controlling in order to benefit from strengths as well as revoke weaknesses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean-six-sigma" title="lean-six-sigma">lean-six-sigma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20quality" title=" service quality"> service quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aviation%20industry" title=" aviation industry"> aviation industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KKIA%20%28King%20Khalid%20International%20Airport%29" title=" KKIA (King Khalid International Airport)"> KKIA (King Khalid International Airport)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SERVQUAL" title=" SERVQUAL"> SERVQUAL</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5130/using-lean-six-sigma-in-the-improvement-of-service-quality-at-aviation-industry-case-study-at-the-departure-area-in-kkia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5130.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">402</span> Study on Evaluating the Utilization of Social Media Tools (SMT) in Collaborative Learning Case Study: Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vasanthi%20Muniasamy">Vasanthi Muniasamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Intisar%20Magboul%20Ejalani"> Intisar Magboul Ejalani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.Anandhavalli"> M.Anandhavalli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Gauthaman"> K. Gauthaman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social Media (SM) are websites increasingly popular and built to allow people to express themselves and to interact socially with others. Most SMT are dominated by youth particularly college students. The proliferation of popular social media tools, which can accessed from any communication devices has become pervasive in the lives of today’s student life. Connecting traditional education to social media tools are a relatively new era and any collaborative tool could be used for learning activities. This study focuses (i) how the social media tools are useful for the learning activities of the students of faculty of medicine in King Khalid University (ii) whether the social media affects the collaborative learning with interaction among students, among course instructor, their engagement, perceived ease of use and perceived ease of usefulness (TAM) (iii) overall, the students satisfy with this collaborative learning through Social media. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title="social media">social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Web%202.0" title=" Web 2.0"> Web 2.0</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceived%20ease%20of%20use" title=" perceived ease of use"> perceived ease of use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceived%20usefulness" title=" perceived usefulness"> perceived usefulness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaborative%20Learning" title=" collaborative Learning"> collaborative Learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19256/study-on-evaluating-the-utilization-of-social-media-tools-smt-in-collaborative-learning-case-study-faculty-of-medicine-king-khalid-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">401</span> Reliability of Dissimilar Metal Soldered Joint in Fabrication of Electromagnetic Interference Shielded Door Frame </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rehan%20Waheed">Rehan Waheed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Aftab%20Saeed"> Hasan Aftab Saeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasim%20Tarar"> Wasim Tarar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Mahmood"> Khalid Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajid%20Ullah%20Butt"> Sajid Ullah Butt </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielded doors made from brass extruded channels need to be welded with shielded enclosures to attain optimum shielding performance. Control of welding induced distortion is a problem in welding dissimilar metals like steel and brass. In this research, soldering of the steel-brass joint has been proposed to avoid weld distortion. The material used for brass channel is UNS C36000. The thickness of brass is defined by the manufacturing process, i.e. extrusion. The thickness of shielded enclosure material (ASTM A36) can be varied to produce joint between the dissimilar metals. Steel sections of different gauges are soldered using (91% tin, 9% zinc) solder to the brass, and strength of joint is measured by standard test procedures. It is observed that thin steel sheets produce a stronger bond with brass. The steel sections further require to be welded with shielded enclosure steel sheets through TIG welding process. Stresses and deformation in the vicinity of soldered portion is calculated through FE simulation. Crack formation in soldered area is also studied through experimental work. It has been found that in thin sheets deformation produced due to applied force is localized and has no effect on soldered joint area whereas in thick sheets profound cracks have been observed in soldered joint. The shielding effectiveness of EMI shielded door is compromised due to these cracks. The shielding effectiveness of the specimens is tested and results are compared. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissimilar%20metal" title="dissimilar metal">dissimilar metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMI%20shielding" title=" EMI shielding"> EMI shielding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20strength" title=" joint strength"> joint strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soldering" title=" soldering"> soldering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94980/reliability-of-dissimilar-metal-soldered-joint-in-fabrication-of-electromagnetic-interference-shielded-door-frame" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">400</span> Screening for Internet Addiction among Medical Students in a Saudi Community</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nawaf%20A.%20Alqahtani">Nawaf A. Alqahtani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20M.%20Alqahtani"> Ali M. Alqahtani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20A.%20Alqahtani"> Khalid A. Alqahtani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huda%20S.%20Abdullfattah"> Huda S. Abdullfattah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebtehal%20A.%20Alessa"> Ebtehal A. Alessa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20S.%20Al%20Gelban"> Khalid S. Al Gelban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ossama%20A.%20Mostafa"> Ossama A. Mostafa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The internet is an exciting medium that is becoming an essential part of everyday life. Although the internet is fully observed in Saudi Arabia, young people may be vulnerable to problematic internet use, possibly leading to addiction. Aim of study: To explore the magnitude of internet addiction (IA) among medical students associated risk factors and its impact on students' academic achievement. Subjects and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in 2014 on 571 medical students (293 males and 278 females) at the College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. Data Collection was done through using the Arabic version of the Compulsive Internet Use Scale and a checklist of demographic characteristics. Results: Age of participants ranged from 19 to 26 years (Mean+SD: 21.9+1.5 years). Internet access was available to 97.4% of students at home and to 80.2% of students at their mobile phones. The most frequently accessed websites by medical students were the social media (90.7%), scientific website (50.4%) and the news websites (31.3%). IA was mild in 47.8% of medical students while 5.8% had moderate IA. None of the students had severe IA. Prevalence of IA was significantly higher among female medical students (p=0.002), availability of internet at home (p=0.022), and availability of internet at the students' mobile phone (p=0.041). The mean General Point Average (GPA) was highest among students with mild IA (4.0+0.6), compared with 3.6+0.6 among those with moderate addiction, and 3.9+0.6 among those who did not show IA. Differences in mean GPA according to grade of IA were statistically significant ((P=0.001). Conclusions: Prevalence of IA is high among medical students in Saudi Arabia. Risk factors for IA include female gender, availability of internet at home or at the mobile phone. IA has a significant impact on students' GPA. Periodic screening of medical students for IA and raising their awareness toward the possible risk of IA are recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20addiction" title="internet addiction">internet addiction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20students" title=" medical students"> medical students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors" title=" risk factors"> risk factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title=" Saudi Arabia"> Saudi Arabia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37906/screening-for-internet-addiction-among-medical-students-in-a-saudi-community" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">529</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">399</span> Development of Mixed Matrix Membranes by Using NH₂-Functionalized UiO-66 and [APTMS][AC] Ionic Liquid for the Separation of CO₂</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiza%20Mamoona%20Khalid">Hafiza Mamoona Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afshan%20Mujahid"> Afshan Mujahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asif%20Ali"> Asif Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asim%20Laeeq%20Khan"> Asim Laeeq Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20Saleem"> Mahmood Saleem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20M.%20Santos"> Rafael M. Santos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ever-escalating CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere calls for accelerated development and deployment of carbon capture processes to reduce emissions. Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), which are fabricated by incorporating the beneﬁcial properties of highly selective inorganic ﬁllers into a polymer matrix, have exhibited signiﬁcant progress and the ability to enhance the performance of a membrane for gas separation. In this research, an amine-based ionic liquid (IL) [APTMS][AC] was prepared, which has greater CO₂ afﬁnity and greater solubility due to its amine moiety. The metal–organic framework (MOF) UiO-66 with a multidimensional crystalline structure was used as a ﬁller due to its appropriate porosity and tunable properties, and it was functionalized with NH₂. MOFs were further modiﬁed with an IL to prepare UiO-66@IL and UiO-66-NH₂@IL, and MMMs incorporating each MOF were fabricated with the polymer Pebax-1657. All the prepared membranes and MOFs were characterized to predict their separation efﬁciency. Several characterization techniques, namely, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM, were used to successfully synthesize UiO-66@IL and UiO-66-NH₂@IL composites and conﬁrmed proper dispersion and excellent polymer‒ ﬁller compatibility at ﬁller loadings ranging from 0 to 30 wt.%. The separation performances were investigated, and the results showed that the incorporation of RTIL with the highly crystalline structure and large surface area of UiO-66 enhanced the separation efﬁciency of the membrane. The permeability of CO₂ for all fabricated membranes continuously increased with increasing ﬁller concentration, wherein the permeability was comparatively high for the UiO-66-NH₂ MMMs. The CO₂/CH₄ selectivity improved by 35%, 54%, and 60%, respectively, for UiO-66@IL, UiO-66-NH₂, and UiO-66-NH₂@IL MMMs compared to simple UiO-66 for CO₂/CH₄ and by 28%, 36%, and 63%, respectively, for CO₂/N₂, with an increase in ﬁller loading in the MMMs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20separation" title="gas separation">gas separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20matrix%20membranes" title=" mixed matrix membranes"> mixed matrix membranes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20sequestration" title=" CO₂ sequestration"> CO₂ sequestration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20warming" title=" global warming"> global warming</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193330/development-of-mixed-matrix-membranes-by-using-nh2-functionalized-uio-66-and-aptmsac-ionic-liquid-for-the-separation-of-co2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">13</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">398</span> Genotypic and Allelic Distribution of Polymorphic Variants of Gene SLC47A1 Leu125Phe (rs77474263) and Gly64Asp (rs77630697) and Their Association to the Clinical Response to Metformin in Adult Pakistani T2DM Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadaf%20Moeez">Sadaf Moeez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madiha%20Khalid"> Madiha Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zoya%20Khalid"> Zoya Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sania%20Shaheen"> Sania Shaheen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumbul%20Khalid"> Sumbul Khalid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Inter-individual variation in response to metformin, which has been considered as a first line therapy for T2DM treatment is considerable. In the current study, it was aimed to investigate the impact of two genetic variants Leu125Phe (rs77474263) and Gly64Asp (rs77630697) in gene <em>SLC47A1</em> on the clinical efficacy of metformin in T2DM Pakistani patients. Methods: The study included 800 T2DM patients (400 metformin responders and 400 metformin non-responders) along with 400 ethnically matched healthy individuals. The genotypes were determined by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. <em>In-silico</em> analysis was done to confirm the effect of the two SNPs on the structure of genes. Association was statistically determined using SPSS software. Results: Minor allele frequency for rs77474263 and rs77630697 was 0.13 and 0.12. For <em>SLC47A1 </em>rs77474263 the homozygotes of one mutant allele ‘T’ (CT) of rs77474263 variant were fewer in metformin responders than metformin non-responders (29.2% vs. 35.5 %). Likewise, the efficacy was further reduced (7.2% vs. 4.0 %) in homozygotes of two copies of ‘T’ allele (TT). Remarkably, T2DM cases with two copies of allele ‘C’ (CC) had 2.11 times more probability to respond towards metformin monotherapy. For <em>SLC47A1 </em>rs77630697 the homozygotes of one mutant allele ‘A’ (GA) of rs77630697 variant were fewer in metformin responders than metformin non-responders (33.5% vs. 43.0 %). Likewise, the efficacy was further reduced (8.5% vs. 4.5%) in homozygotes of two copies of ‘A’ allele (AA). Remarkably, T2DM cases with two copies of allele ‘G’ (GG) had 2.41 times more probability to respond towards metformin monotherapy. <em>In-silico</em> analysis revealed that these two variants affect the structure and stability of their corresponding proteins. Conclusion: The present data suggest that <em>SLC47A1 </em>Leu125Phe (rs77474263) and Gly64Asp (rs77630697) polymorphisms were associated with the therapeutic response of metformin in T2DM patients of Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title="diabetes">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T2DM" title=" T2DM"> T2DM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SLC47A1" title=" SLC47A1"> SLC47A1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymorphism" title=" polymorphism"> polymorphism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105468/genotypic-and-allelic-distribution-of-polymorphic-variants-of-gene-slc47a1-leu125phe-rs77474263-and-gly64asp-rs77630697-and-their-association-to-the-clinical-response-to-metformin-in-adult-pakistani-t2dm-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105468.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">397</span> Techno-Functional Characteristics, Mineral Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Dietary Fiber Extracted by Sonication from Different Oat Cultivars (Avena sativa)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Suhail%20Ibrahim">Muhammad Suhail Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Nadeem"> Muhammad Nadeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sultan"> Muhammad Sultan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uzair%20Sajjad"> Uzair Sajjad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Hamid"> Khalid Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahir%20Mahmood%20Qureshi"> Tahir Mahmood Qureshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadaf%20Javaria"> Sadaf Javaria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metabolic disorders, including hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease etc., are major threats to public health and economy. Management and prevention of alarmingly increasing disorders have attracted researchers to explore natural barriers against these disorders. The objective of this study was to explore oats as a potential source of dietary fiber. Extraction of dietary was optimized by response surface methodology, and five indigenous oat cultivars, including SGD2011, Avon, SGD81, PD2LV65, and S2000, were also characterized for techno-functional characteristics, mineral composition and phytochemical quantification. These cultivars varied significantly (p < 0.05) for oil holding capacity, water saturation, and water holding capacity, respectively. SGD81 showed the highest oil-holding capacity, water-holding capacity, and water saturation due to the highest fraction of dietary fiber. The highest values of total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, total flavonol contents, 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, and anthocyanin were shown by SGD81, and SGD2011, respectively. All cultivars varied significantly (P<0.05) with respect to phytochemical quantification. Oat cultivars SGD81 and SGD2011 showed the best phenolic acid profile and can be effectively used as a source of nutraceuticals. Beyond the nutritional properties of oats, these also contribute and emerged as potential sources of dietary fiber and have gained attention as nutraceutical cereal crops. This approach offers oats as a natural means of dietary fiber to protect humans from alarmingly increasing metabolic disorders, and its extraction by sonication has made it a sustainable and eco-friendly strategy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oat%20cultivars" title="oat cultivars">oat cultivars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dietary%20fibers" title=" dietary fibers"> dietary fibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20profile" title=" mineral profile"> mineral profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20properties" title=" color properties"> color properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187064/techno-functional-characteristics-mineral-composition-and-antioxidant-potential-of-dietary-fiber-extracted-by-sonication-from-different-oat-cultivars-avena-sativa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">42</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">396</span> Prevalence of Polypharmacy in Elderly Cardiac Patients at King Fahad Cardiac Center (KFCC) in King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20N.%20Al-Arifi">Mohamed N. Al-Arifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hessa%20Othman%20Al-Husein"> Hessa Othman Al-Husein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Q.%20Al%20Shamiri"> Mostafa Q. Al Shamiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ragab%20Said"> Ragab Said</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Wajid"> Syed Wajid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salmeen%20D.%20Babelghaith"> Salmeen D. Babelghaith</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polypharmacy was defined as a taking more than 4 medications per single patients (minor polypharmacy), patients who are taking more than 10 medications we considered as a major polypharmacy. This study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of polypharmacy in elderly Saudi cardiac patient. A retrospective observational study was carried out at the department of CCU and cardiology unit of the King Fahad cardiac centre (KFCC) in King Khalid university hospital from May 2012 to October 2012. All Parameters was analyzed by using Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) to conclude the result; tests of association were performed using the chi-square statistic. The mean age of patients was 70.1 ± 7.75 years, more than half 83 (51.6%) were males. The highest frequency of chronic diseases found were hypertension (91.0%) followed by, dyslipidemia (74.9%), and diabetes mellitus. Results showed that 82% had polypharmacy (>4 drugs) during the study period, and 47.9% had major polypharmacy. The incidence of inappropriate drug use was found to be higher with men than female (p = 0.984). In conclusion, this study revealed that high prevalence of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications in elderly Saudi cardiac inpatients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiac%20inpatients" title="cardiac inpatients">cardiac inpatients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medications" title=" medications"> medications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polypharmacy" title=" polypharmacy"> polypharmacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title=" prevalence"> prevalence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14611/prevalence-of-polypharmacy-in-elderly-cardiac-patients-at-king-fahad-cardiac-center-kfcc-in-king-khalid-university-hospital-kkuh-riyadh-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">734</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">395</span> Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction and Characterization of Functional Properties of Dietary Fiber from Oat Cultivar S2000</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Suhail%20Ibrahim">Muhammad Suhail Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Nadeem"> Muhammad Nadeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waseem%20Khalid"> Waseem Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammara%20Ainee"> Ammara Ainee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taleeha%20Roheen"> Taleeha Roheen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadaf%20Javaria"> Sadaf Javaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aftab%20Ahmed"> Aftab Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hira%20Fatima"> Hira Fatima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Nadeem%20Riaz"> Mian Nadeem Riaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zubair%20Khalid"> Muhammad Zubair Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isam%20A.%20Mohamed%20Ahmed%20J"> Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed J</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moneera%20O.%20Aljobair"> Moneera O. Aljobair</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was executed to explore the efficacy of ultrasound-assisted extraction of dietary fiber from oat cultivar S2000. Extraction (variables time, temperature and amplitude) was optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM) conducted by Box Behnken Design (BBD). The effect of time, temperature and amplitude were studied at three levels. It was observed that time and temperature exerted more impact on extraction efficiency as compared to amplitude. The highest yield of total dietary fiber (TDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and In-soluble dietary fiber (IDF) fractions were observed under ultrasound processing for 20 min at 40 ◦C with 80% amplitude. Characterization of extracted dietary fiber showed that it had better crystallinity, thermal properties and good fibrous structure. It also showed better functional properties as compared to traditionally extracted dietary fiber. Furthermore, dietary fibers from oats may offer high-value utilization and the expansion of comprehensive utilization in functional food and nutraceutical development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title="extraction">extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonication" title=" ultrasonication"> ultrasonication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology" title=" response surface methodology"> response surface methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=box%20behnken%20design" title=" box behnken design"> box behnken design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187067/optimization-of-ultrasound-assisted-extraction-and-characterization-of-functional-properties-of-dietary-fiber-from-oat-cultivar-s2000" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">50</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">394</span> Intrusion Detection Techniques in NaaS in the Cloud: A Review </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rashid%20Mahmood">Rashid Mahmood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The network as a service (NaaS) usage has been well-known from the last few years in the many applications, like mission critical applications. In the NaaS, prevention method is not adequate as the security concerned, so the detection method should be added to the security issues in NaaS. The authentication and encryption are considered the first solution of the NaaS problem whereas now these are not sufficient as NaaS use is increasing. In this paper, we are going to present the concept of intrusion detection and then survey some of major intrusion detection techniques in NaaS and aim to compare in some important fields. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IDS" title="IDS">IDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud" title=" cloud"> cloud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=naas" title=" naas"> naas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detection" title=" detection"> detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36475/intrusion-detection-techniques-in-naas-in-the-cloud-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36475.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">393</span> Patterns of Malignant and Benign Breast Lesions in Hail Region: A Retrospective Study at King Khalid Hospital</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laila%20Seada">Laila Seada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashraf%20Ibrahim"> Ashraf Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amjad%20Al%20Shammari"> Amjad Al Shammari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Objectives: Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer of females in Hail region, accounting for 31% of all diagnosed cancer cases followed by thyroid carcinoma (25%) and colorectal carcinoma (13%). Methods: In the present retrospective study, all cases of breast lesions received at the histopathology department in King Khalid Hospital, Hail, during the period from May 2011 to April 2016 have been retrieved from department files. For all cases, a trucut biopsy, lumpectomy, or modified radical mastectomy was available for histopathologic diagnosis, while 105/140 (75%) had, as well, preoperative fine needle aspirates (FNA). Results: 49 cases out of 140 (35%) breast lesions were carcinomas: 44/49 (89.75%) was invasive ductal, 2/49(4.1%) invasive lobular carcinomas, 1/49(2.05%) intracystic low grade papillary carcinoma and 2/49 (4.1%) ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Mean age for malignant cases was 45.06 (+/-10.58): 32.6% were below the age of 40 and 30.6 below 50 years, 18.3% below 60 and 16.3% below 70 years. For the benign group, mean age was 32.52 (+/10.5) years. Benign lesions were in order of frequency: 34 fibroadenomas, 14 fibrocystic disease, 12 chronic mastitis, five granulomatous mastitis, three intraductal papillomas, and three benign phyllodes tumor. Tubular adenoma, lipoma, skin nevus, pilomatrixoma, and breast reduction specimens constituted the remaining specimens. Conclusion: Breast lesions are common in our series and invasive carcinoma accounts for more than 1/3<sup>rd</sup> of the lumps, with 63.2% incidence in pre-menopausal ladies, below the age of 50 years. FNA as a non-invasive procedure, proved to be an effective tool in diagnosing both benign and malignant/suspicious breast lumps and should continue to be used as a first assessment line of palpable breast masses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20incidence" title="age incidence">age incidence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20carcinoma" title=" breast carcinoma"> breast carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20needle%20aspiration" title=" fine needle aspiration"> fine needle aspiration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hail%20region" title=" hail region"> hail region</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72605/patterns-of-malignant-and-benign-breast-lesions-in-hail-region-a-retrospective-study-at-king-khalid-hospital" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">392</span> Intrusion Detection Techniques in Mobile Adhoc Networks: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rashid%20Mahmood">Rashid Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Junaid%20Sarwar"> Muhammad Junaid Sarwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) use has been well-known from the last few years in the many applications, like mission critical applications. In the (MANETS) prevention method is not adequate as the security concerned, so the detection method should be added to the security issues in (MANETs). The authentication and encryption is considered the first solution of the MANETs problem where as now these are not sufficient as MANET use is increasing. In this paper we are going to present the concept of intrusion detection and then survey some of major intrusion detection techniques in MANET and aim to comparing in some important fields. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MANET" title="MANET">MANET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IDS" title=" IDS"> IDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intrusions" title=" intrusions"> intrusions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signature" title=" signature"> signature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detection" title=" detection"> detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevention" title=" prevention"> prevention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32173/intrusion-detection-techniques-in-mobile-adhoc-networks-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">391</span> An Empirical Analysis of Farmers Field Schools and Effect on Tomato Productivity in District Malakand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20Iqbal">Mahmood Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Nawab"> Khalid Nawab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tachibana%20Satoshi"> Tachibana Satoshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Farmer Field School (FFS) is constantly aims to assist farmers to determine and learn about field ecology and integrated crop management. The study was conducted to examine the change in productivity of tomato crop in the study area; to determine increase in per acre yield of the crop, and find out reduction in per acre input cost. A study of tomato crop was conducted in ten villages namely Jabban, Bijligar Colony, Palonow, Heroshah, Zara Maira, Deghar Ghar, Sidra Jour, Anar Thangi, Miangano Korona and Wartair of district Malakand. From each village 15 respondents were selected randomly on the basis of identical allocation making sample size of 150 respondents. The research was based on primary as well as secondary data. Primary data was collected from farmers while secondary data were taken from Agriculture Extension Department Dargai, District Malakand. Interview schedule was planned and each farmer was interviewed personally. The study was based on comparison of cost, yield and income of tomato before and after FFS. Paired t-test and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for analysis; outcome of the study show that integrated pest management project has brought a positive change in the attitude of farmers of the project area through FFS approach. In district Malakand 66.0% of the respondents were between the age group of 31-50 years, 11.3% of respondents had primary level of education, 12.7% of middle level, 28.7% metric level, 3.3% of intermediate level and 2.0% of graduate level of education while 42.0% of respondents were illiterate and have no education. Average land holding size of farmers was 6.47 acres, cost of seed, crop protection from insect pest and crop protection from diseases was reduced by Rs. 210.67, Rs. 2584.43 and Rs. 3044.16 respectively, the cost of fertilizers and cost of farm yard manure was increased by Rs.1548.87 and Rs. 1151.40 respectively while tomato yield was increased by 1585.03 kg/acre from 7663.87 to 9248.90 kg/acre. The role of FFS initiate by integrated pest management project through department of agriculture extension for the development of agriculture was worth mentioning. It has brought enhancement in crop yield of tomato and their income through FFS approach. On the basis of results of the research studies, integrated pest management project should spread their developmental activities for maximum participation of the complete rural masses through participatory FFS approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title="agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farmers%20field%20schools" title=" Farmers field schools"> Farmers field schools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extension%20education" title=" extension education"> extension education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato" title=" tomato"> tomato</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19680/an-empirical-analysis-of-farmers-field-schools-and-effect-on-tomato-productivity-in-district-malakand-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">613</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">390</span> Solution of Hybrid Fuzzy Differential Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20Otadi">Mahmood Otadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Mosleh"> Maryam Mosleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The hybrid differential equations have a wide range of applications in science and engineering. In this paper, the homotopy analysis method (HAM) is applied to obtain the series solution of the hybrid differential equations. Using the homotopy analysis method, it is possible to find the exact solution or an approximate solution of the problem. Comparisons are made between improved predictor-corrector method, homotopy analysis method and the exact solution. Finally, we illustrate our approach by some numerical example. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20number" title="fuzzy number">fuzzy number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20ODE" title=" fuzzy ODE"> fuzzy ODE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HAM" title=" HAM"> HAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=approximate%20method" title=" approximate method"> approximate method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31754/solution-of-hybrid-fuzzy-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31754.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">511</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">389</span> Social Structure, Involuntary Relations and Urban Poverty</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20Niroobakhsh">Mahmood Niroobakhsh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article deals with special structuralism approaches to explain a certain kind of social problem. Widespread presence of poverty is a reminder of deep-rooted unresolved problems of social relations. The expected role from an individual for the social system recognizes poverty derived from an interrelated social structure. By the time, enabled to act on his role in the course of social interaction, reintegration of the poor in society may take place. Poverty and housing type are reflections of the underlying social structure, primarily structure’s elements, systemic interrelations, and the overall strength or weakness of that structure. Poverty varies based on social structure in that the stronger structures are less likely to produce poverty. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absolute%20poverty" title="absolute poverty">absolute poverty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20poverty" title=" relative poverty"> relative poverty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20structure" title=" social structure"> social structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20poverty" title=" urban poverty"> urban poverty</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22096/social-structure-involuntary-relations-and-urban-poverty" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22096.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">679</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">388</span> Energy Calculation for Excited Lithium Atom in Position Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalil%20H.%20Al-Bayati">Khalil H. Al-Bayati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Omar%20Al-Baiti"> Khalid Omar Al-Baiti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The energy expectation value <E> for Li-like ions systems (Li, Be+ and Be2+) hasbeen calculated and examined within the ground state (1s2sα)^2 S and the excited state (1s3sα)^2 S in position space. The partitioning technique of Hartree-Fock (H-F) has been used for existing wavefnctions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20expectation%20value" title="energy expectation value">energy expectation value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atomic%20systems" title=" atomic systems"> atomic systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20and%20excited%20states" title=" ground and excited states"> ground and excited states</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hartree-Fock%20approximation" title=" Hartree-Fock approximation"> Hartree-Fock approximation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11402/energy-calculation-for-excited-lithium-atom-in-position-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11402.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">617</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">387</span> BER Estimate of WCDMA Systems with MATLAB Simulation Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suyeb%20Ahmed%20Khan">Suyeb Ahmed Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20Mian"> Mahmood Mian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Simulation plays an important role during all phases of the design and engineering of communications systems, from early stages of conceptual design through the various stages of implementation, testing, and fielding of the system. In the present paper, a simulation model has been constructed for the WCDMA system in order to evaluate the performance. This model describes multiusers effects and calculation of BER (Bit Error Rate) in 3G mobile systems using Simulink MATLAB 7.1. Gaussian Approximation defines the multi-user effect on system performance. BER has been analyzed with comparison between transmitting data and receiving data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WCDMA" title="WCDMA">WCDMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulations" title=" simulations"> simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BER" title=" BER"> BER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MATLAB" title=" MATLAB"> MATLAB</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24549/ber-estimate-of-wcdma-systems-with-matlab-simulation-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">592</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span 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