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vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="丕賱賯丕卅賲丞丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">丕賱賯丕卅賲丞丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">丕賱賯丕卅賲丞丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">丕賳賯賱賱賱卮乇賷胤丕賱噩丕賳亘賷</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">兀禺賮</button> </div> <div id="p-encyclopedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-encyclopedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 丕賱賲賵爻賵毓丞 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9" title="夭乇丕賱氐賮丨丞丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞 [z]" 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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>兀丨丿孬丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲</span></a></li><li id="n-wrecentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A9"><span>兀丨丿孬丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 鬲氐賮丨 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-subjects" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD"><span>丕賱賲賵丕囟賷毓</span></a></li><li id="n-index" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9"><span>兀亘噩丿賷</span></a></li><li id="n-portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD"><span>亘賵丕亘丕鬲</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="丨賲賱氐賮丨丞毓卮賵丕卅賷丞 [x]" accesskey="x"><span>賲賯丕賱丞毓卮賵丕卅賷丞</span></a></li><li id="n-Kiwix" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3"><span>鬲氐賮丨賲賳睾賷乇廿賳鬲乇賳鬲</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-contributing" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-contributing" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 賲卮丕乇賰丞 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7"><span>鬲賵丕氐賱賲毓賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="丨賷孬鬲噩丿丕賱賲爻丕毓丿丞"><span>賲爻丕毓丿丞</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86"><span>丕賱賲賷丿丕賳</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ar.svg" style="width: 7em; 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href=\"/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D9%85%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_2023\" title=\"鬲氐賳賷賮:賲匕丕亘丨禺賱丕賱丕賱丨乇亘丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷丞丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷丞 2023\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:red\"\u003E賱賯鬲賱丕賱賲丿賳賷賷賳\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E \n\u003Cb\u003E賱丕 \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\" title=\"賲噩夭乇丞賲爻鬲卮賮賶丕賱賲毓賲丿丕賳賷\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:red\"\u003E賱丕爻鬲賴丿丕賮丕賱賲爻鬲卮賮賷丕鬲賵丕賱賲丿丕乇爻\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E .... \u003Cb\u003E賱丕 \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89#丕賱丿毓丕賷丞_丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷丞\" title=\"毓賲賱賷丞胤賵賮丕賳丕賱兀賯氐賶\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:red\"\u003E賱賱鬲囟賱賷賱賵丕賱賰賷賱亘賲賰賷丕賱賷賳\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%A5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2023\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"賵賯賮廿胤賱丕賯丕賱賳丕乇賮賷睾夭丞 2023\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:white\"\u003E兀賵賯賮賵丕丕賱丨乇亘\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E .... 賵丕賳卮乇賵丕丕賱爻賱丕賲丕賱毓丕丿賱賵丕賱卮丕賲賱\u003C/b\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\n\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="丕賱賲賵賯毓"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">丕賳賯賱賱賱卮乇賷胤丕賱噩丕賳亘賷</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">兀禺賮</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">丕賱賲賯丿賲丞</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-丕賳馗乇_兀賷囟丕賸" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#丕賳馗乇_兀賷囟丕賸"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>丕賳馗乇兀賷囟丕賸</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-丕賳馗乇_兀賷囟丕賸-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-丕賱賲乇丕噩毓" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#丕賱賲乇丕噩毓"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>丕賱賲乇丕噩毓</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-丕賱賲乇丕噩毓-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="鬲亘丿賷賱毓乇囟噩丿賵賱丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">鬲亘丿賷賱毓乇囟噩丿賵賱丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">毓賱賲卮禺氐</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="賴匕賴丕賱賲賯丕賱丞鬲鬲賵丕噩丿賮賯胤賮賷賴匕賴丕賱賱睾丞. 兀囟賮賴丕廿賱賶丕賱賱睾丕鬲丕賱兀禺乇賶." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">兀囟賮賱睾丕鬲</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q54887596#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="廿囟丕賮丞賵氐賱丕鬲亘賷賳丕賱賱睾丕鬲" class="wbc-editpage">兀囟賮賵氐賱丕鬲</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="賳胤丕賯丕鬲"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5" title="丕毓乇囟氐賮丨丞丕賱賲丨鬲賵賶 [c]" accesskey="c"><span>賲賯丕賱丞</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4:%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5" rel="discussion" title="賳賯丕卮氐賮丨丞丕賱賲丨鬲賵賶 [t]" accesskey="t"><span>賳賯丕卮</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="睾賷賾乇賱賴噩丞丕賱賱睾丞" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">丕賱毓乇亘賷丞</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="賲毓丕賷賳丞"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5&stable=1"><span>丕賯乇兀</span></a></li><li id="ca-current" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5&stable=0&redirect=no" title="丕毓乇囟賴匕賴丕賱氐賮丨丞賲毓丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲丕賱賲毓賱賯丞 [v]" accesskey="v"><span>鬲毓丿賷賱丕鬲賲毓賱賯丞</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="//ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5&action=edit" title="毓丿賱丕賱賰賵丿丕賱賲氐丿乇賷賱賴匕賴丕賱氐賮丨丞 [e]" accesskey="e"><span>毓丿賾賱</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5&action=history" title="丕賱賳爻禺丕賱爻丕亘賯丞賱賴匕賴丕賱氐賮丨丞 [h]" accesskey="h"><span>鬲丕乇賷禺</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="兀丿賵丕鬲丕賱氐賮丨丞"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="兀丿賵丕鬲" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">兀丿賵丕鬲</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">兀丿賵丕鬲</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">丕賳賯賱賱賱卮乇賷胤丕賱噩丕賳亘賷</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">兀禺賮</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="丕賱賲夭賷丿賲賳丕賱禺賷丕乇丕鬲" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 廿噩乇丕亍丕鬲 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5&stable=1"><span>丕賯乇兀</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-current" 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title="賯丕卅賲丞亘賰賱氐賮丨丕鬲丕賱賵賷賰賷丕賱鬲賷鬲氐賱賴賳丕 [j]" accesskey="j"><span>賲丕匕丕賷氐賱賴賳丕</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5" rel="nofollow" title="兀丨丿孬丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲賮賷丕賱氐賮丨丕鬲丕賱賲賵氐賵賱丞賲賳賴匕賴丕賱氐賮丨丞 [k]" accesskey="k"><span>鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲匕丕鬲毓賱丕賯丞</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕:乇賮毓" title="丕乇賮毓賲賱賮丕鬲 [u]" accesskey="u"><span>乇賮毓賲賱賮</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9" title="賯丕卅賲丞亘賰賱丕賱氐賮丨丕鬲丕賱禺丕氐丞 [q]" accesskey="q"><span>丕賱氐賮丨丕鬲丕賱禺丕氐丞</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5&oldid=67035133" 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0!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox table.mbox-small-right{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox table .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox table .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:square}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-賱丕_氐賳丿賵賯_賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-no_infobox" role="presentation" style="display:none;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Template_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Template_icon.svg/20px-Template_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Template_icon.svg/30px-Template_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Template_icon.svg/40px-Template_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">賴匕賴丕賱賲賯丕賱丞 <b>亘丨丕噩丞 <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8/%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕:丿賱賷賱丕賱兀爻賱賵亘/氐賳丕丿賷賯丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲">賱氐賳丿賵賯賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> 賮囟賱賸丕爻丕毓丿賮賷 <a class="external text" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5&action=edit">鬲丨爻賷賳賴匕賴丕賱賲賯丕賱丞</a> 亘廿囟丕賮丞 <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="賲爻丕毓丿丞:賯丕卅賲丞氐賳丕丿賷賯丕賱賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲">氐賳丿賵賯賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲賲禺氐氐</a> 廿賱賷賴丕.</span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i><span style="float:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A5%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9" title="鬲毓乇賻賾賮毓賱賶胤乇賷賯丞丕賱鬲毓丕賲賱賲毓賴匕賴丕賱賲爻兀賱丞賲賳兀噩賱廿夭丕賱丞賴匕丕丕賱賯丕賱亘."><img alt="鬲毓乇賻賾賮毓賱賶胤乇賷賯丞丕賱鬲毓丕賲賱賲毓賴匕賴丕賱賲爻兀賱丞賲賳兀噩賱廿夭丕賱丞賴匕丕丕賱賯丕賱亘." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Breezeicons-actions-22-help-about.svg/20px-Breezeicons-actions-22-help-about.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Breezeicons-actions-22-help-about.svg/30px-Breezeicons-actions-22-help-about.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Breezeicons-actions-22-help-about.svg/40px-Breezeicons-actions-22-help-about.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68107301"><table class="box-賱丕_賲氐丿乇 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/40px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/80px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>賷賮鬲賯乇</b> 賲丨鬲賵賶賴匕賴丕賱賲賯丕賱丞 <b>廿賱賶 <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕:丕賱丕爻鬲卮賴丕丿亘賲氐丕丿乇">丕賱丕爻鬲卮賴丕丿亘賲氐丕丿乇</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> 賮囟賱丕賸貙爻丕賴賲賮賷 <a class="external text" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5&action=edit">鬲胤賵賷乇賴匕賴丕賱賲賯丕賱丞</a> 賲賳禺賱丕賱廿囟丕賮丞 <b><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7" title="賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕:賲氐丕丿乇賲賵孬賵賯亘賴丕">賲氐丕丿乇賲賵孬賵賯亘賴丕</a></b>. 兀賷賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲睾賷乇 <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕:賲賵孬賵賯賷丞">賲賵孬賯丞</a> 賷賲賰賳丕賱鬲卮賰賷賰亘賴丕賵<b>廿夭丕賱鬲賴丕</b>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">丿賷爻賲亘乇 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i><span style="float:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A5%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9" title="鬲毓乇賻賾賮毓賱賶胤乇賷賯丞丕賱鬲毓丕賲賱賲毓賴匕賴丕賱賲爻兀賱丞賲賳兀噩賱廿夭丕賱丞賴匕丕丕賱賯丕賱亘."><img alt="鬲毓乇賻賾賮毓賱賶胤乇賷賯丞丕賱鬲毓丕賲賱賲毓賴匕賴丕賱賲爻兀賱丞賲賳兀噩賱廿夭丕賱丞賴匕丕丕賱賯丕賱亘." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Breezeicons-actions-22-help-about.svg/20px-Breezeicons-actions-22-help-about.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Breezeicons-actions-22-help-about.svg/30px-Breezeicons-actions-22-help-about.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Breezeicons-actions-22-help-about.svg/40px-Breezeicons-actions-22-help-about.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>丕爻賲毓賱賲丕賱卮禺氐</b> 丕賱丕爻賲丕賱匕賷賷丿賱毓賱賶卮禺氐亘毓賷賳賴貙賱丕賷卮丕乇賰賴賮賷賴睾賷乇賴貙賵賱丕賷丨鬲丕噩廿賱賶賯乇賷賳丞. 賳丨賵: 賲丨賲丿貙賷賵爻賮貙賮丕胤賲丞貙賲賰丞. 賵丨賰賲賴:丨賰賲賲毓賳賵賷兀賷丿賱丕賱鬲賴毓賱賶賲毓賷賳亘匕丕鬲賴賰兀賳賷賰賵賳丕爻賲丕賱亘卮乇兀賵睾賷乇賴賲賳兀爻賲丕亍丕賱亘賱丕丿貙賵丕賱賯亘丕卅賱貙賵丕賱賲丿賳貙賵丕賱賳噩賵賲貙賵丕賱爻賷丕乇丕鬲貙丕賱胤丕卅乇丕鬲貙賵丕賱賰鬲亘貙賲賲丕賱賴丕丕爻賲賲毓賷賳賱丕賷胤賱賯毓賱賶睾賷乇賴丕. 兀賵丨賰賲賱賮馗賷賵賷鬲毓賷賳賮賷賰賵賳 <a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_(%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88)" title="毓賱賲 (賳丨賵)">丕爻賲丕賱毓賱賲</a> 賱丕賷毓乇賮亘丕賱兀賱賮賵丕賱賱丕賲貙賵賱丕賷囟丕賮貙賵噩賵丕夭丕賱丕亘鬲丿丕亍亘賴貙兀賵賲噩賷卅賴氐丕丨亘丨丕賱貙賰賲丕賷賲賳毓賲賳丕賱氐乇賮貙賰賲丕賷賲賰賳兀賳賷賰賵賳賲卮丕亘賴丕賮賷氐賷睾鬲賴 <a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9" title="賮毓賱賲囟丕乇毓">賱賱兀賮毓丕賱丕賱賲囟丕乇毓丞</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="丕賳馗乇_兀賷囟丕賸"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.86.D8.B8.D8.B1_.D8.A3.D9.8A.D8.B6.D8.A7.D9.8B"></span>丕賳馗乇兀賷囟丕賸</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5&action=edit&section=1" title="毓丿賱丕賱賯爻賲: 丕賳馗乇兀賷囟丕賸"><span>毓丿賱</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3" title="丕爻賲丕賱噩賳爻">丕爻賲噩賳爻</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="丕賱賲乇丕噩毓"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.D9.85.D8.B1.D8.A7.D8.AC.D8.B9"></span>丕賱賲乇丕噩毓</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5&action=edit&section=2" title="毓丿賱丕賱賯爻賲: 丕賱賲乇丕噩毓"><span>毓丿賱</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64185426">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal;overflow-y:auto;max-height:300px}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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