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class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2004/">2004</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2005/">2005</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2006/">2006</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2007/">2007</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2008/">2008</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2009/">2009</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2010/">2010</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2011/">2011</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2012/">2012</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 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style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2018/">2018</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2019/">2019</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2020/">2020</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2021/">2021</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2022/">2022</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2023/">2023</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2024/">2024</a><a class="date-selector" style="cursor:pointer;border:none;color:var(--color-black);border-radius:0.5rem;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none" href="/archive/issues/2025/">2025</a></div></div></div><div class="issue__list-8JHD2"><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1859/12-24/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/9101043E-2213-462E-9C56ABD00BE14E68_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 1 Issue 26" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/9101043E-2213-462E-9C56ABD00BE14E68_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/9101043E-2213-462E-9C56ABD00BE14E68_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1859-12-24">December 1859</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1859/12-17/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/76A1EAA6-E2B3-493D-975EC69DD1DE847D_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 1 Issue 25" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/76A1EAA6-E2B3-493D-975EC69DD1DE847D_source.jpg?w=300 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width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1859-12-10">December 1859</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1859/12-03/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/7597C678-396A-4898-ACE43FB85C0892CB_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 1 Issue 23" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/7597C678-396A-4898-ACE43FB85C0892CB_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/7597C678-396A-4898-ACE43FB85C0892CB_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1859-12-03">December 1859</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1859/11-26/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/084070A1-4490-4E86-80CB8149684BFAAC_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 1 Issue 22" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/084070A1-4490-4E86-80CB8149684BFAAC_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/084070A1-4490-4E86-80CB8149684BFAAC_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1859-11-26">November 1859</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1859/11-19/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/64710D26-20A2-4779-BF96A7CAC3368D3F_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 1 Issue 21" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/64710D26-20A2-4779-BF96A7CAC3368D3F_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/64710D26-20A2-4779-BF96A7CAC3368D3F_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1859-11-19">November 1859</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1859/11-12/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/ECD9A400-3396-4891-8CE0059BB168567D_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 1 Issue 20" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/ECD9A400-3396-4891-8CE0059BB168567D_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/ECD9A400-3396-4891-8CE0059BB168567D_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1859-11-12">November 1859</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1859/11-05/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/44F6F91E-8D80-4C17-A8CDF46A63C23B7C_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 1 Issue 19" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/44F6F91E-8D80-4C17-A8CDF46A63C23B7C_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/44F6F91E-8D80-4C17-A8CDF46A63C23B7C_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1859-11-05">November 1859</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1859/10-29/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/F6B0D455-6C14-41E2-B397FE5A43937839_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 1 Issue 18" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/F6B0D455-6C14-41E2-B397FE5A43937839_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/F6B0D455-6C14-41E2-B397FE5A43937839_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1859-10-29">October 1859</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1859/10-22/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/8169804B-4028-446A-BE6A6ABF4BDACCBF_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 1 Issue 17" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/8169804B-4028-446A-BE6A6ABF4BDACCBF_source.jpg?w=300 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width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1859-10-15">October 1859</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1859/10-08/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/C3F4742B-BB9F-4C38-8FBA56F546EBA9D4_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 1 Issue 15" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/C3F4742B-BB9F-4C38-8FBA56F546EBA9D4_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/C3F4742B-BB9F-4C38-8FBA56F546EBA9D4_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1859-10-08">October 1859</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a class="issue__link-3e-qg" href="/issue/sa/1859/10-01/"><div class="issue-VnvuN"><div><div><figure class="issueImageContainer-WnIB2"><img class="issue__cover__image-35p5E" src="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/74170E21-820F-448C-A820FFDAAA907806_source.jpg?w=600" alt="Scientific American Magazine Vol 1 Issue 14" srcSet="https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/74170E21-820F-448C-A820FFDAAA907806_source.jpg?w=300 300w, https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/74170E21-820F-448C-A820FFDAAA907806_source.jpg?w=600 600w" sizes="300px" width="300" loading="lazy"/></figure></div></div><div class="issue__info-Wrv5W"><h3 class="issue__title-rRMdq">Scientific American</h3><div class="issue__date-ozuG1"><time dateTime="1859-10-01">October 1859</time></div></div></div></a></div><div class="list__item--tR3J"><a 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