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COVID-19 Update [October '22]

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level2_22 has_child node_images_dropdown dropdown_second_column_no_image zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities">Programmes</a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_next zenario_push_pull-listitem__btn" id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_2541_toggle}}" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_3040', 'zz_child_of_node_2541', 'open');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Open submenu</span> </a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3710" class="level2 level2_23 menu_l2_divider zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/downloads">Promotional Resources [Downloads]</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3545" class="level2 level2_24 level2_on level2_24_on has_child zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/spotlight-on-current-global-neuro-infections">Spotlight on Covid &amp; Current Global Neuroinfections</a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_next zenario_push_pull-listitem__btn" id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3545_toggle}}" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_3040', 'zz_child_of_node_3545', 'open');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Open submenu</span> </a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3265" class="level2 level2_25 has_child menu_l2_divider zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/wfn-and-who">WFN and WHO</a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_next zenario_push_pull-listitem__btn" id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3265_toggle}}" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_3040', 'zz_child_of_node_3265', 'open');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Open submenu</span> </a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3595" class="level2 level2_26 has_child zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/wfn-and-ecosoc">WFN and ECOSOC</a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_next zenario_push_pull-listitem__btn" id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3595_toggle}}" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_3040', 'zz_child_of_node_3595', 'open');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Open submenu</span> </a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_1322" class="level2 level2_27 has_child node_images_dropdown zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/news-events">News</a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_next zenario_push_pull-listitem__btn" id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_1322_toggle}}" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_3040', 'zz_child_of_node_1322', 'open');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Open submenu</span> </a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_94" class="level2 level2_28 menu_l2_divider zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/calendar">Neurology Events Calendar</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_1678" class="level2 level2_29 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/meetings-endorsement">WFN Meeting Endorsement</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="zz_child_of_node_37" class="zenario_push_pull-panel zenario_push_pull-hidden "> <div class="zenario_push_pull-navbar"> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_prev zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_node_1224', 'zz_child_of_node_37', 'close');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Close submenu</span> </a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-navbar__title"> Publications </a> <span class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn"></span> </div> <ul class="zenario_push_pull-listview"> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_67" class="level2 level2_30 has_child zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/publications/world-neurology">World Neurology</a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_next zenario_push_pull-listitem__btn" id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_67_toggle}}" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_37', 'zz_child_of_node_67', 'open');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Open submenu</span> </a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_68" class="level2 level2_31 has_child zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/publications/journal-of-the-neurological-sciences">Journal of the Neurological Sciences</a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_next zenario_push_pull-listitem__btn" id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_68_toggle}}" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_37', 'zz_child_of_node_68', 'open');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Open submenu</span> </a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_1042" class="level2 level2_32 node_min_height zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/publications/eneurologicalsci">eNeurologicalSci</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_2698" class="level2 level2_33 menu_l2_divider zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/publications/featured-articles">WFN Featured articles</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3639" class="level2 level2_34 node_min_height zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/publications#anchor_bookshelf">Bookshelf</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_4204" class="level2 level2_35 menu_l2_divider zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/publications/journals-of-the-wfn-member-societies">Journals of the WFN Member Societies</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3446" class="level2 level2_36 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/publications/journals-of-the-wfn-regional-neurological-associations">Journals of the WFN Regional Neurological Associations</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="zz_child_of_node_2544" class="zenario_push_pull-panel zenario_push_pull-hidden "> <div class="zenario_push_pull-navbar"> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_prev zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_node_1224', 'zz_child_of_node_2544', 'close');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Close submenu</span> </a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-navbar__title"> Membership </a> <span class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn"></span> </div> <ul class="zenario_push_pull-listview"> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_2333" class="level2 level2_37 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/wfn-membership/member-societies">WFN Member Societies</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3041" class="level2 level2_38 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/wfn-membership/member-societies/wfn-member-societies-asian-oceanian-region">Asian-Oceanian Region</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3042" class="level2 level2_39 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/wfn-membership/member-societies/wfn-member-societies-european-region">European Region</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3236" class="level2 level2_40 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/wfn-membership/member-societies/wfn-member-societies-latin-american-region">Latin American Region</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3043" class="level2 level2_41 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/wfn-membership/member-societies/wfn-member-societies-north-american-region">North American Region</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3044" class="level2 level2_42 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/wfn-membership/member-societies/wfn-member-societies-pan-african-region">Pan-African Region</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3045" class="level2 level2_43 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/wfn-membership/member-societies/wfn-member-societies-pan-arab-region">Pan-Arab Region</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_2195" class="level2 level2_44 link_external zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://www.wfneurology.org/public/downloads/8MtJt/WFN%20Membership%20Welcome%20Pack.pdf" target="_blank">Becoming a Member Society ⧉</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_2196" class="level2 level2_45 link_external zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://www.wfneurology.org/public/downloads/IbopA/Data_Protection_and%20_Privacy_Statement.pdf" target="_blank">Data Protection &amp; Privacy ⧉</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="zz_child_of_node_3046" class="zenario_push_pull-panel zenario_push_pull-hidden "> <div class="zenario_push_pull-navbar"> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_prev zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_97', 'zz_child_of_node_3046', 'close');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Close submenu</span> </a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-navbar__title"> Organisation </a> <span class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn"></span> </div> <ul class="zenario_push_pull-listview"> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_98" class="level3 level3_46 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/about-us/officers">Trustees</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_99" class="level3 level3_47 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/about-us/committees">Committees</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3039" class="level3 level3_48 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/about-us/secretariat">Secretariat</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="zz_child_of_node_3286" class="zenario_push_pull-panel zenario_push_pull-hidden "> <div class="zenario_push_pull-navbar"> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_prev zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_97', 'zz_child_of_node_3286', 'close');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Close submenu</span> </a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-navbar__title"> WFN AGM and Elections </a> <span class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn"></span> </div> <ul class="zenario_push_pull-listview"> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_4063" class="level3 level3_49 private has_child zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a class="unlinked_menu_item">WFN 2024 Election - Candidates</a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_next zenario_push_pull-listitem__btn" id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_4063_toggle}}" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_3286', 'zz_child_of_node_4063', 'open');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Open submenu</span> </a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3624" class="level3 level3_50 private has_child zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a class="unlinked_menu_item">x_2023 Elections: Candidates</a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_next zenario_push_pull-listitem__btn" id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3624_toggle}}" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_3286', 'zz_child_of_node_3624', 'open');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Open submenu</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="zz_child_of_node_40" class="zenario_push_pull-panel zenario_push_pull-hidden "> <div class="zenario_push_pull-navbar"> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_prev zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_97', 'zz_child_of_node_40', 'close');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Close submenu</span> </a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-navbar__title"> Global Networks </a> <span class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn"></span> </div> <ul class="zenario_push_pull-listview"> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_1558" class="level3 level3_51 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/about-us/global-networks/wfn-regional-neurological-associations">WFN Regional Neurological Associations</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_63" class="level3 level3_52 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/about-us/global-networks/wfn-specialty-groups">WFN Specialty Groups</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_214" class="level3 level3_53 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/about-us/global-networks/global-neurology-alliance">Global Neurology Alliance</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="zz_child_of_node_4014" class="zenario_push_pull-panel zenario_push_pull-hidden "> <div class="zenario_push_pull-navbar"> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_prev zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_131', 'zz_child_of_node_4014', 'close');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Close submenu</span> </a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-navbar__title"> e-Learning Hub </a> <span class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn"></span> </div> <ul class="zenario_push_pull-listview"> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_4106" class="level3 level3_54 link_external zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/education/e-learning-hub-v3?slideId=28922">World Congress of Neurology [WCN]</a> </li> <li 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href="https://wfneurology.org/education/e-learning-hub?slideId=29997">WFN Specialty Group Webinars</a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_next zenario_push_pull-listitem__btn" id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_4172_toggle}}" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_4014', 'zz_child_of_node_4172', 'open');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Open submenu</span> </a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_4148" class="level3 level3_58 link_external zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/education/e-learning-hub?slideId=29654">External e-Learning Resources</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="zz_child_of_node_1393" class="zenario_push_pull-panel zenario_push_pull-hidden "> <div class="zenario_push_pull-navbar"> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_prev zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_131', 'zz_child_of_node_1393', 'close');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Close submenu</span> </a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-navbar__title"> Training Centres </a> <span class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn"></span> </div> <ul class="zenario_push_pull-listview"> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_2337" class="level3 level3_59 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/education/training-centres/training-centre-fellowship-recipients">Neurology Fellowship Recipients</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="zz_child_of_node_1587" class="zenario_push_pull-panel zenario_push_pull-hidden "> <div class="zenario_push_pull-navbar"> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_prev zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_131', 'zz_child_of_node_1587', 'close');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Close submenu</span> </a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-navbar__title"> Neurological Department Visits </a> <span class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn"></span> </div> <ul class="zenario_push_pull-listview"> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3680" class="level3 level3_60 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/education/neurological-department-visits/neurological-department-visits-alumni">Alumni</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="zz_child_of_node_2541" class="zenario_push_pull-panel zenario_push_pull-hidden "> <div class="zenario_push_pull-navbar"> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_prev zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_3040', 'zz_child_of_node_2541', 'close');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Close submenu</span> </a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-navbar__title"> Programmes </a> <span class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn"></span> </div> <ul class="zenario_push_pull-listview"> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_2558" class="level3 level3_61 has_child zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/wcn-meetings">World Congress of Neurology</a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_next zenario_push_pull-listitem__btn" id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_2558_toggle}}" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_2541', 'zz_child_of_node_2558', 'open');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Open submenu</span> </a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_2554" class="level3 level3_62 has_child zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/world-brain-day-2024">World Brain Day</a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_next zenario_push_pull-listitem__btn" id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_2554_toggle}}" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_2541', 'zz_child_of_node_2554', 'open');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Open submenu</span> </a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3997" class="level3 level3_63 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/wnu-2024">WNU 2024</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_4180" class="level3 level3_64 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/education/galp">Global Advocacy Leadership Program</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3597" class="level3 level3_65 has_child zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/brain-health-initiative">Brain Health Initiative</a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_next zenario_push_pull-listitem__btn" id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3597_toggle}}" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_2541', 'zz_child_of_node_3597', 'open');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Open submenu</span> </a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_1398" class="level3 level3_66 has_child zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/education-grants-and-awards">WFN Grants and Awards</a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_next zenario_push_pull-listitem__btn" id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_1398_toggle}}" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_2541', 'zz_child_of_node_1398', 'open');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Open submenu</span> </a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_1841" class="level3 level3_67 menu_l2_divider zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/soriano-award-lectures">Soriano Award Lectures</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3566" class="level3 level3_68 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/award-lectures-of-the-wfn">Award Lectures of the WFN</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_2416" class="level3 level3_69 has_child zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/needsregistry">Neurological Needs Registry</a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_next zenario_push_pull-listitem__btn" id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_2416_toggle}}" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_2541', 'zz_child_of_node_2416', 'open');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Open submenu</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="zz_child_of_node_3545" class="zenario_push_pull-panel zenario_push_pull-hidden "> <div class="zenario_push_pull-navbar"> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_prev zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_3040', 'zz_child_of_node_3545', 'close');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Close submenu</span> </a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-navbar__title"> Spotlight on Covid &amp; Current Global Neuroinfections </a> <span class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn"></span> </div> <ul class="zenario_push_pull-listview"> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3563" class="level3 level3_70 level3_on level3_70_on has_child zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/spotlight-on-current-global-neuro-infections/neuro-covid-updates">Neuro-Covid Updates</a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_next zenario_push_pull-listitem__btn" id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3563_toggle}}" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_3545', 'zz_child_of_node_3563', 'open');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Open submenu</span> </a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3564" class="level3 level3_71 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/spotlight-on-current-global-neuro-infections/monkeypox-updates">MonkeyPox Updates</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="zz_child_of_node_3265" class="zenario_push_pull-panel zenario_push_pull-hidden "> <div class="zenario_push_pull-navbar"> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_prev zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_3040', 'zz_child_of_node_3265', 'close');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Close submenu</span> </a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-navbar__title"> WFN and WHO </a> <span class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn"></span> </div> <ul class="zenario_push_pull-listview"> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_4167" class="level3 level3_72 has_child zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/wfn-and-who/wfn-and-igap">WFN and IGAP</a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_next zenario_push_pull-listitem__btn" id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_4167_toggle}}" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_3265', 'zz_child_of_node_4167', 'open');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Open submenu</span> </a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_4212" class="level3 level3_73 node_min_height zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/wfn-and-who/wfn-who-activity-and-interventions">WFN-WHO Activity and Interventions</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="zz_child_of_node_3595" class="zenario_push_pull-panel zenario_push_pull-hidden "> <div class="zenario_push_pull-navbar"> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_prev zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_3040', 'zz_child_of_node_3595', 'close');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Close submenu</span> </a> <a 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</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_2217" class="level3 level3_78 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/news-events/social-media">Social Media</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="zz_child_of_node_67" class="zenario_push_pull-panel zenario_push_pull-hidden "> <div class="zenario_push_pull-navbar"> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_prev zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_37', 'zz_child_of_node_67', 'close');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Close submenu</span> </a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-navbar__title"> World Neurology </a> <span class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn"></span> </div> <ul class="zenario_push_pull-listview"> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_528" class="level3 level3_79 node_min_height zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/publications/world-neurology/world-neurology-archive">PDF Archive</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="zz_child_of_node_68" class="zenario_push_pull-panel zenario_push_pull-hidden "> <div class="zenario_push_pull-navbar"> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_prev zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_37', 'zz_child_of_node_68', 'close');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Close submenu</span> </a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-navbar__title"> Journal of the Neurological Sciences </a> <span class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn"></span> </div> <ul class="zenario_push_pull-listview"> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3700" class="level3 level3_80 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/publications/journal-of-the-neurological-sciences/journal-of-the-neurological-sciences-open-access">JNS Open Access</a> </li> <li 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href="https://wfneurology.org/about-us/AGM/wfn-2024-elections-candidates/2024-trustee-candidate-statement-fernando-cendes">Fernando Cendes</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_4064" class="level4 level4_83 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/about-us/AGM/wfn-2024-elections-candidates/2024-elections-candidate-statement-varlery-feigin">Valery Feigin</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_4120" class="level4 level4_84 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/about-us/AGM/wfn-2024-elections-candidates/2024-trustee-candidate-statement-miguel-osorno">Miguel Osorno Guerra</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_4129" class="level4 level4_85 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/about-us/AGM/wfn-2024-elections-candidates/2024-trustee-candidate-statement-brian-sweeney">Brian Sweeney</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_4118" class="level4 level4_86 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/about-us/AGM/wfn-2024-elections-candidates/2024-trustee-candidate-statement-barbara-tettenborn">Barbara Tettenborn</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_4124" class="level4 level4_87 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/about-us/AGM/wfn-2024-elections-candidates/2024-trustee-candidate-statement-tissa-wijeratne">Tissa Wijeratne</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="zz_child_of_node_3624" class="zenario_push_pull-panel zenario_push_pull-hidden "> <div class="zenario_push_pull-navbar"> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_prev zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_3286', 'zz_child_of_node_3624', 'close');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Close submenu</span> </a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-navbar__title"> x_2023 Elections: Candidates </a> <span class="zenario_push_pull-btn 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Neurology </a> <span class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn"></span> </div> <ul class="zenario_push_pull-listview"> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_2560" class="level4 level4_93 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/future-congresses">Future Congresses</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_2561" class="level4 level4_94 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/wcn-meetings">Archived Meetings</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="zz_child_of_node_2554" class="zenario_push_pull-panel zenario_push_pull-hidden "> <div class="zenario_push_pull-navbar"> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_prev zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_2541', 'zz_child_of_node_2554', 'close');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Close submenu</span> </a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-navbar__title"> World Brain Day </a> <span class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn"></span> </div> <ul class="zenario_push_pull-listview"> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_2555" class="level4 level4_95 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/world-brain-day-past-years">Past Years</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_4178" class="level4 level4_96 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/world-brain-day-2024/wbd-2024-sri-lanka-report.download" onclick="if (window.gtag) gtag(&#039;event&#039;, &#039;pageview&#039;, {&#039;page_path&#039; : &#039;https://wfneurology.org/activities/world-brain-day-2024/wbd-2024-sri-lanka-report.download&#039;});">WBD 2024 Sri Lanka report</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="zz_child_of_node_3597" class="zenario_push_pull-panel zenario_push_pull-hidden "> <div class="zenario_push_pull-navbar"> <a class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-btn_prev zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn" onclick="zenario_menu_responsive_push_pull.menuNodeToggleOnclick('zz_child_of_node_2541', 'zz_child_of_node_3597', 'close');" > <span class="zenario_push_pull-sronly">Close submenu</span> </a> <a class="zenario_push_pull-navbar__title"> Brain Health Initiative </a> <span class="zenario_push_pull-btn zenario_push_pull-navbar__btn"></span> </div> <ul class="zenario_push_pull-listview"> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_4048" class="level4 level4_97 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/brain-health-initiative/wfn-webinar-to-launch-brain-health-initiative">WFN Webinar to Launch Brain Health Initiative</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3599" class="level4 level4_98 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/brain-health-initiative/what-makes-your-brain-healthy">Introduction to Brain Health</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3600" class="level4 level4_99 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/brain-health-initiative/what-makes-your-brain-unhealthy">What Happens When Brains are Not Healthy</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3601" class="level4 level4_100 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/brain-health-initiative/non-communicable-neurological-diseases">What to Know About Non-Communicable Neurological Diseases</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3602" class="level4 level4_101 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/brain-health-initiative/the-global-impact-of-brain-diseases-and-disorders">The Global Impact of Brain Diseases and Disorders</a> </li> <li id="plgslt_Slot_Responsive_Menu_node_3603" class="level4 level4_102 zenario_push_pull-listitem"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/brain-health-initiative/vital-roles-of-the-neurologist-and-advocacy">The Vital Roles of the Neurologist and Advocacy</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div 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href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/spotlight-on-current-global-neuro-infections/neuro-covid-updates/covid-19-october-2022-update">COVID-19 Update [Oct &#039;22]</a> <span class="end"></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid_clear"></div> <div class="span span9 span3_4 Grouping_Main omega"> <div class="span span9 span1_1 alpha omega slot Main_1_1"> <div id="plgslt_Main_1_1" class="zenario_slot zenario_meta_data zenario_meta_data__2 zenario_meta_data_43700 zenario_slot_in_body"> <div class="sticky_image"> <picture> <source srcset="https://wfneurology.org/public/images/RLEOZ/iStock-1355165474_Covid_Alzheimers.webp" type="image/webp"> <img src="https://wfneurology.org/public/images/RLEOZ/iStock-1355165474_Covid_Alzheimers.jpg" style="width: 980px; height: 392px;" type="image/jpeg" alt="iStock 1355165474 Covid Alzheimers" /> </picture> </div> <div class="page_title"> <h1 > COVID-19 Update [October &#039;22] </h1> </div> <div class="release_date"> <h2 > 10 Oct 2022 </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid_clear"></div> <div class="span span9 span1_1 alpha omega slot Main_1_2"> <div id="plgslt_Main_1_2" class="zenario_slot zenario_html_snippet zenario_html_snippet__default_style blog_16_Main_1_2_zenario_html_snippet zenario_slot_in_body"> <div class="zenario_wysiwyg"> <p><em>By B. Jeanne Billioux, MD and Avindra Nath, MD</em></p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">For this update, we present some pertinent updates in the literature and news, including new insights into long-term COVID-19 neurologic outcomes and links between COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s Disease.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">This month, a study published in Nature Medicine looked at incident neurologic sequelae in COVID-19 survivors over a one-year period using US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care databases (Xu 2022). This is a well-designed study with appropriate controls, which shows an increase in neurological complications in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at 12 months after onset of infection. The long follow up, the large sample size and the syndromic approach as opposed to symptom-based characterization of patients makes this a unique study. In this study, 154,068 individuals with COVID-19 were compared to two large control cohorts (a contemporary control cohort of 5,638,795 individuals, and a historical control cohort of 5,859,621 individuals) to assess the risks and burdens of incident neurologic disorders at 12 months after COVID-19 infection. In the post-acute phase, the COVID-19 cohort had a higher risk of a multitude of neurologic disorders, including cerebrovascular disorders like ischemic (hazard ratio (HR) 1.50) or hemorrhagic (HR 2.19) stroke, memory issues (HR 1.77), Alzheimer’s disease (HR 2.03), epilepsy and seizures (HR 1.80), dysautonomia (HR 1.30), Parkinson-like disease (HR 1.50), and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) (HR 2.16), among others.&nbsp; When examining the risk of any neurologic disorder after COVID-19, the hazard ratio was 1.42.&nbsp; Over all, 42% had increased risk for developing neurological sequela in the year after the infection. Although the risks were greatest in patients who had been in the ICU, these risks of neurologic disorders were still elevated in patients who were not hospitalized for their COVID-19 (Xu 2022).&nbsp; Similarly, a retrospective cohort study in Lancet Psychiatry analyzed the health care records of nearly 1,300,000 deidentified patients who had had COVID-19 and compared them to a matched cohort of patients with another respiratory infection, and identified the risk trajectories for a number of neurologic and mental health diagnoses over a two year period.&nbsp; There was an increased risk of developing a new neurologic or psychiatric issues at 6 months, including cognitive issues (HR 1.36), dementia (HR 1.33), epilepsy or seizures (HR 1.14), GBS (HR 1.12), ischemic stroke (HR 1.11), myoneural junction or muscle disease (HR 1.89), anxiety (HR 1.13) or psychotic disorder (HR 1.27).&nbsp; Over a 2-year period, this risk came to normalize for disorders such as stroke and anxiety, but persisted for others including cognitive issues, dementia, epilepsy and seizures, and psychotic disorders (Taquet 2022). &nbsp;</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">Another study published this month used a similar approach, looking at deidentified data from medical records of over 6 million older patients (³65 years), specifically targeting new diagnoses of Alzheimer’s Disease in patients who had COVID-19 compared to controls. &nbsp;They found that patients who had had COVID-19 (n=410,748) had an increased risk of receiving a new diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease in the year following their infection, with a hazard ratio of 1.82; this risk was increased in patients over age 85 years (HR 1.89) (Wang 2022).&nbsp; Complementing these findings, another recent study looked at brain gene expression in deceased patients with severe COVID-19 patients compared to controls and patients with Alzheimer’s Disease, with a focus on gene expression profiles implicated in Alzheimer’s Disease.&nbsp; The authors found several common pathways affected in both diseases, with the brains of severe COVID-19 patients showing increased expression in a number of genes implicated in the pathogenesis of AD, notably including genes related to neuroinflammatory pathways such as the Wnt signaling pathway (Green 2022).&nbsp; To further understand the potential link between Alzheimer’s Disease and COVID-19, this month the Alzheimer’s Association Global Consortium released a review on the subject, including potential mechanisms as well as methodology to systematically address the issues described, accessed at <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9494609/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9494609/ ⧉</a>&nbsp; (de Erausquin 2022).&nbsp;</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">Though we are still in the early stages of understanding neuropsychiatric sequelae of Sars-CoV-2 infection, the findings of the above studies are intriguing and sobering; moreover, studies such as these reinforce the need for more ongoing research to continue unfolding the potential links between COVID-19 and neurologic and cognitive sequelae. Most concerning is that many of these conditions are chronic illnesses which will require life-long care with major implications for the health care systems, the economy and the well-being of society.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr> <h3>References</h3> <ul> <li> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><em>Xu E, Xie Y, Al-Aly Z.</em> <strong>Long-term neurologic outcomes of COVID-19.</strong> Nat Med. 2022 Sep 22. doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-02001-z. <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-02001-z#MOESM1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-02001-z#MOESM1 ⧉</a></p> </li> <li> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><em>Taquet M, Sillett R, Zhu L, Mendel J, Camplisson I, Dercon Q, Harrison PJ.</em> <strong>Neurological and psychiatric risk trajectories after SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 2-year retrospective cohort studies including 1 284 437 patients.</strong> Lancet Psychiatry. 2022 Oct;9(10):815-827. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(22)00260-7. Epub 2022 Aug 17. PMID: 35987197; PMCID: PMC9385200.&nbsp; <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(22)00260-7/fulltext" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(22)00260-7/fulltext ⧉</a></p> </li> <li> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><em>Wang, Lindsey et al.</em>&nbsp;<strong>Association of COVID-19 with New-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease.</strong> 1 Jan. 2022 : 411 – 414. <a href="https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad220717" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad220717 ⧉</a></p> </li> <li> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><em>Green R, Mayilsamy K, McGill AR, Martinez T, Chandran B, Blair LJ, Bickford PC, Mohapatra SS, Mohapatra S.</em> <strong>SARS-CoV-2 Infection Increases the Gene Expression Profile for Alzheimer's Disease Risk.</strong> Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2022 Sep 24. doi: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.09.007. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36187720; PMCID: PMC9508696. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9508696/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9508696/ ⧉</a></p> </li> <li> <p style="font-weight: 400;"><em>de Erausquin GA, Snyder H, Brugha TS, Seshadri S, Carrillo M, Sagar R, Huang Y, Newton C, Tartaglia C, Teunissen C, Håkanson K, Akinyemi R, Prasad K, D'Avossa G, Gonzalez-Aleman G, Hosseini A, Vavougios GD, Sachdev P, Bankart J, Mors NPO, Lipton R, Katz M, Fox PT, Katshu MZ, Iyengar MS, Weinstein G, Sohrabi HR, Jenkins R, Stein DJ, Hugon J, Mavreas V, Blangero J, Cruchaga C, Krishna M, Wadoo O, Becerra R, Zwir I, Longstreth WT, Kroenenberg G, Edison P, Mukaetova-Ladinska E, Staufenberg E, Figueredo-Aguiar M, Yécora A, Vaca F, Zamponi HP, Re VL, Majid A, Sundarakumar J, Gonzalez HM, Geerlings MI, Skoog I, Salmoiraghi A, Boneschi FM, Patel VN, Santos JM, Arroyo GR, Moreno AC, Felix P, Gallo C, Arai H, Yamada M, Iwatsubo T, Sharma M, Chakraborty N, Ferreccio C, Akena D, Brayne C, Maestre G, Blangero SW, Brusco LI, Siddarth P, Hughes TM, Zuñiga AR, Kambeitz J, Laza AR, Allen N, Panos S, Merrill D, Ibáñez A, Tsuang D, Valishvili N, Shrestha S, Wang S, Padma V, Anstey KJ, Ravindrdanath V, Blennow K, Mullins P, Łojek E, Pria A, Mosley TH, Gowland P, Girard TD, Bowtell R, Vahidy FS.</em> <strong>Chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: Protocol and methods from the Alzheimer's Association Global Consortium.</strong> Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2022 Sep 22;8(1):e12348. doi: 10.1002/trc2.12348. PMID: 36185993; PMCID: PMC9494609. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9494609/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9494609/ ⧉</a></p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid_clear"></div> <div class="span span9 span1_1 alpha omega slot Main_3_1"> <div id="plgslt_Main_3_1" class="zenario_slot zenario_meta_data meta_data_writer zenario_meta_data_43699 zenario_slot_in_body"> <div class="writer_name"> <h4 > Prof. Avindra Nath and Dr Bridgette Jeanne Billioux Tropical and Geographical Neurology Specialty Group </h4> </div> <div class="writer_email"> <p > <a href="mailto:"></a> </p> </div> <div class="writer_profile"> <span></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid_clear"></div> <div class="span span9 span1_1 alpha omega slot Main_3_2"> <div id="plgslt_Main_3_2" class="zenario_slot zenario_banner banner_back zenario_banner_43768 zenario_slot_in_body"> <div class="banner_wrap"><div class="banner_wrap_outer"><div class="banner_wrap_inner" > <div class="banner_content"> <div class="banner_title"> <p> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/spotlight-on-current-global-neuro-infections/neuro-covid-updates" >Back to blog</a> </p> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="span span3 span1_4 Grouping_Side alpha"> <div class="span span3 span1_1 alpha omega slot Side_1"> <div id="plgslt_Side_1" class="zenario_slot zenario_menu_vertical menu_current_family zenario_menu_vertical_42856 zenario_slot_in_body"> <div class="wrap_menu"> <div class="wrap_menu_outer"> <div id="plgslt_Side_1_menu_inner" class="wrap_menu_inner" > <h2 class="side_menu_title"> <a href="https://wfneurology.org/activities/spotlight-on-current-global-neuro-infections"> Spotlight on Covid &amp; 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