CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135b8247ce881c2',cH: 'sFPlWF8XhMFc6teN8rPjRi5nz3DTFCmRLmQE69QRlWI-1739794698-1.2.1.1-ibHpJtJgDyy.qZHUoPA9uQCkmEy_Z4JHxZwh.lCKlNG4hnFeL6jTFr4a6u2U6wuJ',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=copper%20thin%20film&__cf_chl_tk=LvQoN6nUef9pWDNmRxE9Z3yxsuj5WY9mYiV_4fRbvoY-1739794698-1.0.1.1-OEkOAzkvmWPaPpLHEy9UnzZQXnz9bE5Li4kj06JdUU8",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739794698',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=copper%20thin%20film&__cf_chl_f_tk=LvQoN6nUef9pWDNmRxE9Z3yxsuj5WY9mYiV_4fRbvoY-1739794698-1.0.1.1-OEkOAzkvmWPaPpLHEy9UnzZQXnz9bE5Li4kj06JdUU8",md: "0hOb_EB7FVZ7ozFCG1.MRXcQJTZdO1yS3L2yROnU5Z8-1739794698-1.2.1.1-rzVrP4Rsm4C_0uLKas_PVC.hjcIHS9yN3tv2Eq_ljBeR3HjVXfxIVSe..H.QKkQcwtqmyYsEZrNkNl_yN3H7g2uF9LzDT8Xa8ta8ZEFFjTg3Lu.shGh5_bMH9B.4vQ4eMH72PdQo5y2Hp1aRjpkfFnSSoftuRYmoDPJkKpxurEBfeKlLf.EizGrz1GAkJuhIzrUY__JKFl2gtdVoY8_qyPjjARfP6DUBF8QA4j4OIzs8zZnT.I26MzX3Ypnwhuv_1JLWriCAODDwCL4Dc0zJULEFdqvfxf2gwB1p7590xI4ioTwvh2VLYqXfG87iX6Pbz.3MdueA4YVRWpTHxAM8IXCDVxNT4Qb0WMzfmt_bFYGbl9I09tMaHrv0G45VWVXzsG4yV9NulDiNYtt_W_B.JKgDPF8scsttu6u65SoM6rMTMrRZihJ66_9HOkNyFlfOcFs4vcEh20qnE9yQ0jXZZCnvw6KCzBsX.j19jEuXpMcl43V861v_beM8KmgzXH3jmLaNNcmzcBo0jU7N3dGSBCOuF8kCRz5fCR.J1AK4LDeRH4Zj35EBqySoni56u4Z78y.FV0KuKhwPZ9GqbeKP8of.pop8jObwzCm9E4drhfCEJ7cbeEuljZUUXGxAQL_HzH8lNps57yXf58Qci3P1MxoKpU7W2tLgNvCem.u7FuxvuzIETQceRjkx.r0SpCOhz4mMmGf6ig4n1FtNR_DmNpiHAARVXT.Iu8aY6Krmus0RopxshYmecO_PHL06glBThuFMgbh59uhNIKiDaQtUtHPCEtDUqEyYcgWEylcc_oKSKA.zASVYgjwHNrAa9wZPQ2XRMoYK6PYjIt7na46aMxvIs1v7FL0AoSbLCXgiSppEzip588ksvmXDIvytkr1mgS0iPeyWLEHpNGiY134g1DHyyhjW_L3JHa.VmKJQB2iggzGA15tGISKye9foVnHeibtY2HjwZ46om2oijRIQMAghWq9jHYDAovpZmXw49_3FKWQH04n9rNP2WvAioEZjgQTyErILEmZm7KO.DH_2F3K_9FHltHRYQ_1XyQHMZbJgJmKob2BNpc9n3g0MJt561Sr441Hc4VqSvR.ZXgTzRLM86qIIy_HiAVqHQuKnsm87Btpfdy6VFa30M7BQj7tJ_Nx3IGujuD0ookXHwqVlhGd6pAB747Ps.UWFRjjj5zKjV5ind8K7slWbRJn5qsJvAKiW1Q9t3zQ2.gRTIiv7dGzu5drzN_cNuiFyI2D_f_galfE1nxBXDly7LQ7aCV_5TCoOhtv9CmWp.vTS.7xUH2TOUpF03Vkpyf3A_2LsKnWgWV4DQpyXagEeivrhM0ocxcNsWdL8G8EMN23dSLe8OSdBAIqRjNp2evLi_FVrBA69K6fK8IKTqA0yeZZRUhmhnVbPluW9PQXf8BB_9Oqi39sppR3hHWvM3QQ4Hr5ODsi_RVmfgSZ9R8pZ_Fud6u89GyFcrQj3YUQh7AqWt1QwIyKdxOjnI4TjkkryrOAuc8FATaG3AA2RRwe8R6g58o4XyIQ30u3Du_Wb7vvX.2kk.Do9KwMIkbfvgZMxZia2TXSs55D3qEsIKxzOrKosusbSCEcDPyODEGy2IBdI0qVpJSC_xLUpnr5lumi4sCcw3Sbju4s7LnACj60CLoOTaXTnyF16.ioUmD8UmfYq..ibpcvWTPnglk3cDKfYidLkitAKzDbhiJrh2jnI4CeoFLBoLj2ji6Tk1gLr9eTsgkpdK1VdZ0qS.jHkpeSwH70uGvWDmzTU2mz2QUVmEA3f9SU53lkX8ORX02EL_ppIRwpak5VoEP83adnaOXJTUcHnw3R.cQWzif6cM4r64gl7sThQmGCL5UB7c6osofqF2HL1LKeVp1nWSLwOdEwSg5ft_vkOG7V3Jbrm458lDymUU3IW4183L7zSwDTmloitxleQsKPsFizHt4_YVP.VRcFT6J4",mdrd: "bP5E6Zj.2RCjM3H41La7rVcKLL5uF1Zy49F5WZQNc1w-1739794698-1.2.1.1-lBDW70Sia1M8q26PNVN9FKTENniTQL1eCjGv1lUh9EreUeFH27FfZbeCzbDcjxK.WfHmMTcmBB8FiV1YNJENTNR_a0xDuamU1O7KftvctAf9Zf.1QnkOhxFBG2HOSDvVRV_Gb.efZSCSTxY_0OFozJUIV.cwd1Vgm2av2U4IZvH8U_y3mfCCGyv02FxNZdyDE0n8i4m_OnlHjfCw.oJodeQYu09raSSHRE5QQndmKfAQoUm_VvXPj6SeBx._tYXT4g4S9QkZLn3n.IqPtKo_MfG_skYyiSS8zax00GH2NH4BG541ujPfr7bSnpxzRFxxowY0q4daUhi_csGd6iMwvuGvPNPUzdLb1xG9llrgN62sg_IuCVRalbKPy0RXreaP6_8kTZFhUgHe2CIul0DeharVs3O5FRr6Ofv5NUbvrIW68Xeo7_ULHWQGWbS7xGrTMwA9_58WuIjtvQU9Luyfh7bk.uMa8Lrc8kmSx9Lp4uwMHziOZArsWr9jg5RtgrgxaJgPE5Xyo7WNnIBmK9yXH5I.oCjIjZ9SZtq9SQr7ItgZzOmb2k8AX7cTSp.SNPmaGnvnjO2qgAPlvgCIwUt.XHXHE2VMa4Rtp6gL_xQTNp2Gq3GY51hLYiWIM.gQI32bF1QbsdF99LqAjjVo6oyfxUxXA63lDAn1Pwb3XXLgH3Wy0IyCvbO_7C_O5m0HS7OrioosGVIEqg4kUhhtvutzNPo__bf5TKwC789WV93LyOEX8WgLkWT3dioAx3q.eAny.Y7gz1EvfDMOkXTj1FHQvcSRQXP40W4I7g2Z4xcPP7LJZZ1R0gnjtQmGsYSaGfFzPoLbr3RFQfMUGS_qGhqzQZgfpj36tXqJ1QrsAnCYlh_ynsIFqDCMHLhVpFPbzqYRx23OhLn5FRroEMZz2FqdZsgjadqhqU9TRQQgFx51g_TN8Skd2b9M1rMNNMAyJ3456eOwaaHXdjCHdDKHRdnd9f7k0RKGN4BP_DEon9HR0y58QnelZ9DY1LyuyDuRBE3rt2RP7hjzQUHS77JC1V0A_nnI503xCyOpzOlwHZGSKXBznD.E474EIfOBbSrk8K2LQgYaG00VPyvPz8LEDpBpcYMfIBB4xPWNJTdxfrDdreY8mZM3TmER.h04y6yTMdRAOtu3SzJSc5LXJ1QHrH_8wJr1xXj77VepEYl6sJPMigjEawNZf_5RxTaoUv3q8llItexlGAaCu5dD02ssBAQLzSA1yFgz_2qWiL8baPagmND6poq1dbxa4gZuD72hJS2v7FPgppLUmhZDvj9q5F.rep4O45PBhtIMA2BFSs6SmWRxdx0J9_S.RHimfTwC1JIIkx.BIQcB78rYHNM3.GmUCW2FAw88e_IotClX2BO667MwoOGJTjSJqg.oh9pEuajx3IcE.dCvVuWgajS8UYG.zntLO9KdSTc5nZqeytY66_o5.juZOKuAfQMSZnyp1FusRAjYMIuRUt8OaVdQLuA8wn_iws174FW7pxIPKNjDyl62j0UzFcz4Ys6ITLPVuBQYWLw.OrbmtpIB53tnuQ3HLbKv.pBZMxoO2RfSqImDTDIuokJDht6p3nR961sKKlwPBObY1EAnNSWLmvRYlIHFz.ZwkKkOa0KXR_VaiIDFGislpVrkkqMa6VzeoS2vDAY8SQAxjsYeWQIPeitNtb48gO8broK3TginYhkcEVrAcxGwd4NHWcR.agQM4trDvzZTSUTenWjScrcRZBMm9txvsv7GitzCxeSJcVdzkVPFf0GJ42ZNbp58tMKeaLpStnTC7Y.Pm18uc97IW.azlt9K00ZDPkkTE5P_Q7f3DZY_qp2RmTAc_1WXlIG_HDhg_BgFI2qf69q6rZST67cU3XJmAJfojVVyy7OckN2bGDjyMAmgTjMHJr00F7chu9JKDmxLgBK3FpH5nh1SuhKN8ngckhUh7NuoGlxfAn3TlgvMKaqtfaVTTmkTdidBo6Nn9_TN"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135b8247ce881c2';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=copper%20thin%20film&__cf_chl_rt_tk=LvQoN6nUef9pWDNmRxE9Z3yxsuj5WY9mYiV_4fRbvoY-1739794698-1.0.1.1-OEkOAzkvmWPaPpLHEy9UnzZQXnz9bE5Li4kj06JdUU8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>