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window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":1411936,"created_at":"2012-02-19T09:27:18.133-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2024-11-12T10:15:57.476-08:00","_data":{"grobid_abstract":"Since the official publication of the editio princeps in 1994, the text now formally known as Miqṣat Ma‛aśe Ha-Torah (Some of the Precepts of the Law), or 4QMMT, has been the subject of a great deal of scholarly energy. 1 The affinities between its legal rulings and that of other texts found among the Dead Sea Scrolls were immediately recognized and taken as evidence of a common Jewish halakhic tradition, namely that of the sectarian Qumran community. 2 In particular, the similarity between the legal positions of 4QMMT and the Temple Scroll has generated much discussion hitherto. 3 This paper will focus on these two texts in an attempt to discern the precise nature of their relationship, whether simply that of a common halakhic heritage or that of a more intimate and direct character. Ultimately, I argue for the strong probability of a direct line of literary awareness, if not dependency, of 4QMMT upon the legal rulings found in the text of the Temple Scroll. 4 Furthermore, I will attempt to demonstrate that when 4QMMT employs the word ‫כתוב‬ (\"it is written\") in order to reinforce its own halakhic positions, there is a strong probability that the appeal is made to the authority of the Temple Scroll, rather than to the traditional texts of the Mosaic Torah. * I would like to thank Professor Steven Fraade for his constructive comments and for elucidating the text of 4QMMT throughout his course in Fall 2010, as well as the anonymous reviewer(s) for their helpful corrections.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"9583671"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":2,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Stricter Than Scripture: The Halakhic Relationship of 4QMMT and the Temple Scroll","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [1223244]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":9583671,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Stricter Than Scripture: The Halakhic Relationship of 4QMMT and the Temple Scroll”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/9583671/mini_magick20190427-24465-hmzfap.png?1556358839" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Stricter Than Scripture: The Halakhic Relationship of 4QMMT and the Temple Scroll</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1223244" href="https://emory.academia.edu/BrettMaiden"><img alt="Profile image of Brett Maiden" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/1223244/442486/11165192/s65_brett.maiden.jpg" />Brett Maiden</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":9583671,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/1411936/Stricter_Than_Scripture_The_Halakhic_Relationship_of_4QMMT_and_the_Temple_Scroll"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":9583671,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/1411936/Stricter_Than_Scripture_The_Halakhic_Relationship_of_4QMMT_and_the_Temple_Scroll"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="9583671" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/1411936/Stricter_Than_Scripture_The_Halakhic_Relationship_of_4QMMT_and_the_Temple_Scroll" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="3079198" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3079198/Jewish_Law_in_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_Some_Issues_for_Consideration">Jewish Law in the Dead Sea Scrolls: Some Issues for Consideration</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2821474" href="https://uni-muenster.academia.edu/LutzDoering">Lutz Doering</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Hebrew Bible in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls (ed. 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(eds. Lawrence H. Schiffman and J.C. VanderKam; Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6169599" href="https://nyu.academia.edu/LawrenceSchiffman">Lawrence Schiffman</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"“Legal Works” in Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (eds. Lawrence H. Schiffman and J.C. VanderKam; Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)","attachmentId":64121163,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20088211/_Legal_Works_in_Encyclopedia_of_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_2_vols_eds_Lawrence_H_Schiffman_and_J_C_VanderKam_Oxford_and_New_York_Oxford_University_Press_2000_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20088211/_Legal_Works_in_Encyclopedia_of_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_2_vols_eds_Lawrence_H_Schiffman_and_J_C_VanderKam_Oxford_and_New_York_Oxford_University_Press_2000_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="5042913" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5042913/Law_and_Society_in_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls">Law and Society in the Dead Sea Scrolls</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5669" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AryehAmihay">Aryeh Amihay</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The study of the legal texts found among the Dead Sea Scrolls benefits from a theoretical framework that is informed by contemporary legal scholarship. This dissertation undertakes a shift from the comparative approach, which focuses on parallels from either early Christian or early rabbinic sources, through exploration of four theoretical concepts: legal essentialism, intentionality, exclusion, and obligation. Legal essentialism is a new term proposed in chapter 1 as a substitute for previous terminology of “realism” (in contrast to “nominalism,” called “legal formalism” in this study). This essentialism is then demonstrated in four aspects: time, space, hierarchy, and knowledge. Chapter 2 examines the role of intention in the law as an important prism to understand the tensions created by and solutions found for the sectarians’ legal essentialism. Using the work of Anscombe and Audi, the dissertation defines the concept of intention and separates it from desire and action. A special section examines the idiom “high hand” and distinguishes its biblical usage (primarily in Num 15), and its usage in the sectarian writings, primarily in 1QS. The concept of exclusion is the focus of chapter 3, primarily through 4QMMT, and with many comparisons to 1QS. Through the work of legal scholars Dan-Cohen and Minow the role of exclusion in constituting the community and reflecting their legal essentialist stance is clarified. The role of emotions and rhetoric of emotions in exclusion is also explored in relation to contemporary theories of law and emotion. Finally, the dissertation distinguishes between permanent-static exclusions based on deformities and temporary-dynamic exclusions based on moral conduct. This distinction demonstrates the previously discussed roles of legal essentialism and intention in the law. Chapter 4 examines obligation and commitment, borrowing the terms “transcendence” and “renunciation” from Rosabeth Moss Kanter. The tension between obligation to God and obligation to community is described using Kierkegaard, suggesting that this tension is mediated through interpretative authority in the sect. The final chapter examines the laws of premarital sex in the Pentateuch and in 4Q159, 4QD and 11Q19 to examine the previous issues in a specific case study of legal interpretation and innovation, highlighting different motivations between a sectarian text (4QD) and a non-sectarian text (the Temple Scroll). The conclusion highlights the benefits of applying contemporary theory in general and legal theory in particular to the study of ancient texts, and especially to the study of the Dead Sea Scrolls.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Law and Society in the Dead Sea Scrolls","attachmentId":51209975,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5042913/Law_and_Society_in_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5042913/Law_and_Society_in_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="24779238" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24779238/Review_Alex_P_Jassen_Scripture_and_Law_in_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_Dead_Sea_Discoveries_23_1_2016_105_108">Review: Alex P. Jassen, Scripture and Law in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Dead Sea Discoveries 23.1 (2016): 105-108</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="235464" href="https://yale.academia.edu/StevenFraade">Alice D Collins</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Review: Alex P. Jassen, Scripture and Law in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Dead Sea Discoveries 23.1 (2016): 105-108","attachmentId":45107256,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24779238/Review_Alex_P_Jassen_Scripture_and_Law_in_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_Dead_Sea_Discoveries_23_1_2016_105_108","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24779238/Review_Alex_P_Jassen_Scripture_and_Law_in_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_Dead_Sea_Discoveries_23_1_2016_105_108"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="9390807" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9390807/Doctrines_of_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_The_Doctrine_of_the_Community">Doctrines of the Dead Sea Scrolls: The Doctrine of the Community</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12207793" href="https://calvary.academia.edu/GaryGromackiThMDMinPhD">Gary Gromacki, Th.M., D.Min., Ph.D.</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper examines the origin and history of the Qumran community. Who were the Jews who lived in Qumran? Dead Sea Scroll scholars have argued for Sadducees (Schiffman), Pharisees (Girzberg), Zealots (Malik, Driver), unknown Jewish group (Talmon), early Christian sect (Eisenman), and Essenes (Sukenik). The Manual of Discipline now called Rule of the Community (1QS) has many parallels with the description of the Essenes by Josephus. A list of 36 items is given and referenced. The problems with identifying the Essenes as the Qumran community are also listed. Next, some summaries are given of the sectarian writings of the Qumran community: The Rule of the Community (1QS), The Damascus Document (CD), the Rule of the Congregation (1QSa), and the Temple Scroll (11QT). Finally a comparison is made between the Qumran community and the early church described in the book of Acts.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Doctrines of the Dead Sea Scrolls: The Doctrine of the Community","attachmentId":35639967,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9390807/Doctrines_of_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_The_Doctrine_of_the_Community","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9390807/Doctrines_of_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_The_Doctrine_of_the_Community"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="43796556" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43796556/_Second_Temple_Jewish_Law_in_Light_of_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_Widening_the_Paradigm_in_Law_Literature_and_Society_in_Legal_Texts_from_Qumran_ed_J_Jokiranta_M_Zahn_STDJ_128_Leiden_Brill_2019_1_26">“Second Temple Jewish Law in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Widening the Paradigm,” in Law, Literature, and Society in Legal Texts from Qumran; ed. J. Jokiranta, M. Zahn; STDJ 128 (Leiden: Brill, 2019) 1-26.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6169599" href="https://nyu.academia.edu/LawrenceSchiffman">Lawrence Schiffman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">“Second Temple Jewish Law in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Widening the Paradigm,” and Law, Literature, and Society in Legal Texts from Qumran: Papers from the Ninth Meeting of the International Organization for Qumran Studies, Leuven 2016; ed. J. Jokiranta, M. Zahn; STDJ 128 (Leiden: Brill, 2019) 1-26.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"“Second Temple Jewish Law in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Widening the Paradigm,” in Law, Literature, and Society in Legal Texts from Qumran; ed. J. Jokiranta, M. Zahn; STDJ 128 (Leiden: Brill, 2019) 1-26.","attachmentId":64112994,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43796556/_Second_Temple_Jewish_Law_in_Light_of_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_Widening_the_Paradigm_in_Law_Literature_and_Society_in_Legal_Texts_from_Qumran_ed_J_Jokiranta_M_Zahn_STDJ_128_Leiden_Brill_2019_1_26","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43796556/_Second_Temple_Jewish_Law_in_Light_of_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_Widening_the_Paradigm_in_Law_Literature_and_Society_in_Legal_Texts_from_Qumran_ed_J_Jokiranta_M_Zahn_STDJ_128_Leiden_Brill_2019_1_26"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":9583671,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":9583671,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_9583671" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="31450861" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31450861/Scripture_and_Law_in_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls">Scripture and Law in the Dead Sea Scrolls</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5669" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AryehAmihay">Aryeh Amihay</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Scripture and Law in the Dead Sea Scrolls","attachmentId":51809337,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31450861/Scripture_and_Law_in_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31450861/Scripture_and_Law_in_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="31662859" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31662859/Review_Alex_Jassen_Scripture_and_Law_in_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls">Review: Alex Jassen, Scripture and Law in the Dead Sea Scrolls</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2293398" href="https://utexas.academia.edu/JonathanKaplan">Jonathan Kaplan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Review: Alex Jassen, Scripture and Law in the Dead Sea Scrolls","attachmentId":51985179,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31662859/Review_Alex_Jassen_Scripture_and_Law_in_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31662859/Review_Alex_Jassen_Scripture_and_Law_in_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="20088201" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20088201/_Miqtsat_Maasei_ha_Torah_4QMMT_in_Encyclopedia_of_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_2_vols_eds_Lawrence_H_Schiffman_and_J_C_VanderKam_Oxford_and_New_York_Oxford_University_Press_2000_">“Miqtsat Ma'asei ha-Torah (4QMMT)” in Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (eds. Lawrence H. Schiffman and J.C. VanderKam; Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6169599" href="https://nyu.academia.edu/LawrenceSchiffman">Lawrence Schiffman</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"“Miqtsat Ma'asei ha-Torah (4QMMT)” in Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 2 vols. (eds. Lawrence H. Schiffman and J.C. VanderKam; Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2000)","attachmentId":64121732,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20088201/_Miqtsat_Maasei_ha_Torah_4QMMT_in_Encyclopedia_of_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_2_vols_eds_Lawrence_H_Schiffman_and_J_C_VanderKam_Oxford_and_New_York_Oxford_University_Press_2000_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20088201/_Miqtsat_Maasei_ha_Torah_4QMMT_in_Encyclopedia_of_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_2_vols_eds_Lawrence_H_Schiffman_and_J_C_VanderKam_Oxford_and_New_York_Oxford_University_Press_2000_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="5043013" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5043013/Law_and_Society_in_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_Preliminary_Remarks">Law and Society in the Dead Sea Scrolls: Preliminary Remarks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5669" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AryehAmihay">Aryeh Amihay</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Law and Society in the Dead Sea Scrolls: Preliminary 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class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20087933/_Halakhic_Terminology_in_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_Revue_de_Qumran_93_2009_115_33"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="2095005" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2095005/_T_he_y_Did_Not_Read_in_the_Sealed_Book_Qumran_Halakhic_Revolution_and_the_Emergence_of_Torah_Study_in_Second_Temple_Judaism_in_Historical_Perspectives_from_the_Maccabees_to_Bar_Kokhba_in_Light_of_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_ed_D_Goodblatt_et_al_Leiden_Boston_K%C3%B6ln_Brill_2001_pp_105_126_">"[T]he[y] Did Not Read in the Sealed Book": Qumran Halakhic Revolution and the Emergence of Torah Study in Second Temple Judaism (in: Historical Perspectives from the Maccabees to Bar Kokhba in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls, ed. D. Goodblatt et al. [Leiden–Boston–Köln: Brill, 2001], pp. 105-126)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="680750" href="https://biu.academia.edu/AdielSchremer">Adiel Schremer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Historical Perspectives from the Maccabees to Bar Kokhba in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls (eds. D. Goodblatt, A Pinnick, and D.R. Schwartz), Leiden–Boston–Köln 2001, pp. 105-126, 2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"\"[T]he[y] Did Not Read in the Sealed Book\": Qumran Halakhic Revolution and the Emergence of Torah Study in Second Temple Judaism (in: Historical Perspectives from the Maccabees to Bar Kokhba in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls, ed. D. Goodblatt et al. [Leiden–Boston–Köln: Brill, 2001], pp. 105-126)","attachmentId":111138974,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2095005/_T_he_y_Did_Not_Read_in_the_Sealed_Book_Qumran_Halakhic_Revolution_and_the_Emergence_of_Torah_Study_in_Second_Temple_Judaism_in_Historical_Perspectives_from_the_Maccabees_to_Bar_Kokhba_in_Light_of_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_ed_D_Goodblatt_et_al_Leiden_Boston_K%C3%B6ln_Brill_2001_pp_105_126_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2095005/_T_he_y_Did_Not_Read_in_the_Sealed_Book_Qumran_Halakhic_Revolution_and_the_Emergence_of_Torah_Study_in_Second_Temple_Judaism_in_Historical_Perspectives_from_the_Maccabees_to_Bar_Kokhba_in_Light_of_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_ed_D_Goodblatt_et_al_Leiden_Boston_K%C3%B6ln_Brill_2001_pp_105_126_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="43617963" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43617963/_Review_of_Goldstein_Segal_Brooke_eds_Ha_Ish_Moshe_Studies_in_Scriptural_Interpretation_in_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_and_Related_Literature_in_Honor_of_Moshe_J_Bernstein_Dead_Sea_Discoveries_27_2020_308_310">"Review of Goldstein, Segal, Brooke, eds., 'Ha-Ish Moshe: Studies in Scriptural Interpretation in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature in Honor of Moshe J. Bernstein,' Dead Sea Discoveries 27 (2020): 308-310</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="835214" href="https://jstb.academia.edu/JamesNati">James Nati</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"\"Review of Goldstein, Segal, Brooke, eds., 'Ha-Ish Moshe: Studies in Scriptural Interpretation in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature in Honor of Moshe J. Bernstein,' Dead Sea Discoveries 27 (2020): 308-310","attachmentId":63918971,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43617963/_Review_of_Goldstein_Segal_Brooke_eds_Ha_Ish_Moshe_Studies_in_Scriptural_Interpretation_in_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_and_Related_Literature_in_Honor_of_Moshe_J_Bernstein_Dead_Sea_Discoveries_27_2020_308_310","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43617963/_Review_of_Goldstein_Segal_Brooke_eds_Ha_Ish_Moshe_Studies_in_Scriptural_Interpretation_in_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_and_Related_Literature_in_Honor_of_Moshe_J_Bernstein_Dead_Sea_Discoveries_27_2020_308_310"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="19727868" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19727868/_Qumran_and_Rabbinic_Halakhah_Jewish_Civilization_in_the_Hellenistic_Roman_Period_ed_S_Talmon_Sheffield_JSOT_1991_pp_138_146">"Qumran and Rabbinic Halakhah," Jewish Civilization in the Hellenistic-Roman Period, ed. S. Talmon, Sheffield: JSOT, 1991, pp. 138-146.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6169599" href="https://nyu.academia.edu/LawrenceSchiffman">Lawrence Schiffman</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"\"Qumran and Rabbinic Halakhah,\" Jewish Civilization in the Hellenistic-Roman Period, ed. S. Talmon, Sheffield: JSOT, 1991, pp. 138-146.","attachmentId":64095378,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19727868/_Qumran_and_Rabbinic_Halakhah_Jewish_Civilization_in_the_Hellenistic_Roman_Period_ed_S_Talmon_Sheffield_JSOT_1991_pp_138_146","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19727868/_Qumran_and_Rabbinic_Halakhah_Jewish_Civilization_in_the_Hellenistic_Roman_Period_ed_S_Talmon_Sheffield_JSOT_1991_pp_138_146"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="1390761" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1390761/Review_Aharon_Shemesh_Halakhah_in_the_Making_The_Development_of_Jewish_Law_from_Qumran_to_the_Rabbis_In_Journal_for_the_Study_of_Judaism_in_the_Persian_Hellenistic_and_Roman_Period_43_2012_131_135">Review: Aharon Shemesh, Halakhah in the Making: The Development of Jewish Law from Qumran to the Rabbis. In Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period 43 (2012): 131-135.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="235464" href="https://yale.academia.edu/StevenFraade">Alice D Collins</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Review: Aharon Shemesh, Halakhah in the Making: The Development of Jewish Law from Qumran to the Rabbis. 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S. Fraade, A. Shemesh & R. A. Clements; STDJ 62; Leiden: Brill, 2006) 13–42</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Parallels without “Parallelomania”: Methodological Reflections on Comparative Analysis of Halakhah in the Dead Sea Scrolls","attachmentId":30996074,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3068835/Parallels_without_Parallelomania_Methodological_Reflections_on_Comparative_Analysis_of_Halakhah_in_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3068835/Parallels_without_Parallelomania_Methodological_Reflections_on_Comparative_Analysis_of_Halakhah_in_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="90455372" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90455372/Scripture_and_Law_in_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_written_by_Alex_P_Jassen">Scripture and Law in the Dead Sea Scrolls, written by Alex P. Jassen</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="235464" href="https://yale.academia.edu/StevenFraade">Alice D Collins</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Dead Sea Discoveries, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Scripture and Law in the Dead Sea Scrolls, written by Alex P. 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N. Dávid, A. Lange, Kristin De Troyer, and S.Tzoref; Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments 239; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2012) 312-20.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6169599" href="https://nyu.academia.edu/LawrenceSchiffman">Lawrence Schiffman</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"\"Modification of Biblical Law in the Temple Scroll,\" in The Hebrew Bible in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls (eds. N. Dávid, A. 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Collins and Ananda Geyser-Fouché, eds. , 2022</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"4QMMT and D: Reconsidering the Social Context and Early History of the Dead Sea Scrolls Communities","attachmentId":90107932,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85397628/4QMMT_and_D_Reconsidering_the_Social_Context_and_Early_History_of_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_Communities","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/85397628/4QMMT_and_D_Reconsidering_the_Social_Context_and_Early_History_of_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_Communities"><span 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href="https://www.academia.edu/68696055/The_Alleged_Reference_to_the_Tripartite_Division_of_Jewish_Law_in_4QMMT">The Alleged Reference to the Tripartite Division of Jewish Law in 4QMMT</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2824426" href="https://kul.academia.edu/MichaelKlukowski">Michał Klukowski</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Biblical Annals, 2022</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Alleged Reference to the Tripartite Division of Jewish Law in 4QMMT","attachmentId":79575447,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68696055/The_Alleged_Reference_to_the_Tripartite_Division_of_Jewish_Law_in_4QMMT","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 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href="https://www.academia.edu/19894029/_Utopia_and_Reality_Political_Leadership_and_Organization_in_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_Community_Emanuel_Studies_in_Hebrew_Bible_Septuagint_and_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_in_Honor_of_Emanuel_Tov_eds_S_M_Paul_R_A_Kraft_Lawrence_H_Schiffman_and_W_W_Fields_Leiden_Brill_2003_413_27">“Utopia and Reality: Political Leadership and Organization in the Dead Sea Scrolls Community,” Emanuel: Studies in Hebrew Bible, Septuagint, and Dead Sea Scrolls in Honor of Emanuel Tov (eds. 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Rubenstein, “Nominalism and Realism in Qumranic and Rabbinic Law: A Reassessment,” Dead Sea Discoveries, vol. 6, no. 2 (1999): 157-183</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4489850" href="https://nyu.academia.edu/JeffreyRubenstein">Jeffrey Rubenstein</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Jeffrey L. 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Kratz (ed.), Interpreting and Living God’s Law: Miqsat Ma’ase Ha-Torah Some of the Works of the Torah (4QMMT), SAPERE 37, Tübingen 2020, 32-53.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="184631542" href="https://xn--uni-gttingen-8ib.academia.edu/ReinhardGKratz">Reinhard G. Kratz</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Text, Translation and Notes, in: R.G. 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