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The population in 2020 was 1,762.<ref name=LVannual>{{Cite web | url=http://data.csb.gov.lv/pxweb/en/iedz/iedz__iedzskaits__ikgad/ISG020.px/ | title=ISG020. Population number and its change by statistical region, city, town, 21 development centres and county | publisher=Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia|date=2020-01-01|access-date=2021-02-12}}</ref> == History == There is no evidence that territory of a modern Jaunjelgava had been inhabited before 15th century. However, a [[Selonians|selonian]] [[Sērene hillfort]] existed {{convert|5|km|abbr=on}} from the modern town. A country estate [[:lv:Vecsērene|Vecsērene]] manor was established around 1450 not far from modern town. During the 15th century the territory of the town was used as a place where merchants from Riga would transport their goods from boats to carriages because, due to the Daugava rapids, it was difficult to navigate further downstream. As a result, a small port emerged. In 1567 [[Duke of Courland]] and Semigallia [[Gotthard Kettler]] called the small port ''Neustadt'' (German for 'new town'). In 1590 the next Duke [[Friedrich Kettler]] founded the town market and granted village rights to Neustadt. At that time about 60 families lived in the town. The village was devastated in 1621, during the [[Polish–Swedish War (1600–1629)|Polish-Swedish war]]. It was re-established as a town in 1646 when Friedrich Kettler's widow [[Elisabeth Magdalena of Pomerania]] renamed the town to Friedrichstadt in honour of her husband. In 1647 king of Poland [[Władysław IV Vasa|Władysław IV]] granted town rights and approved the coat of arms of Friedrichstadt. In 1652 a [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] church was built in the town by order of duke [[Jacob Kettler]]. The town saw rapid development in the second half of the 17th century when after [[Second Northern War]] town was important transport hub. In 1710 the [[plague (disease)|plague]] epidemic started. In 1713 not far from the city, the Russians defeated the Swedes.<ref>История русской армии.– Москва: Эксмо, 2023. – 768с.–(Подарочные издания. Российская императорская библиотека). IBSN 978-5-699-42397-2. P.73</ref> There were also several large fires during 18th century and a great deal of damage was inflicted by four major floods; the largest was in 1778 when around 100 houses were destroyed. In 1795 Friedrichstadt as a part of the [[Duchy of Courland and Semigallia]] was incorporated into the [[Russian Empire]] (in the [[Third Partition of Poland]]) and became part of the [[Courland Governorate]]. During [[1812: Napoleon's Invasion of Russia|Napaleon's 1812 invasion in Russia]] several small battles were fought around the town. In 1831 and 1848 [[cholera]], raged. During the first half of the 19th century the town prospered thanks to merchant activities. Local inhabitants owned warehouses, taverns for [[Rafting|rafters]] and were involved in transportation of goods by carriage to [[Jēkabpils|Jacobstadt]]. In 1820 there were 24 [[tavern]]s in the town. After the opening of the [[Riga–Daugavpils Railway]] line in 1861, the Daugava River waterway, and thus the city, lost its importance. However in the late 19th century there were still around 10 banks and various insurance offices, 60 merchant enterprises, 23 industrial enterprises and a hospital in the town. In 1909 telephone connection was established between Friedrichstadt, Riga and Jelgava. In 1914 the city had 7,300 inhabitants. The town was heavily damaged when from 17 October to 15 November 1919 heavy fighting took place near the city during the [[Latvian War of Independence]]. At the conclusion of the battle the town was liberated from the [[West Russian Volunteer Army]] by the [[Latvian army]]. In 1925 the city had only 1577 inhabitants.<ref>Encyclopedia "Latvian cities". Rīga 1999.</ref> During the Republic of Latvia the town was renamed Jaunjelgava (literary: New Jelgava). In the 1930s a {{convert|3.5|km|abbr=on|adj=on}} long and {{convert|3|m|abbr=on|adj=on}} tall dam was constructed to protect the town from floods. During [[World War II]], Jaunjelgava was under [[Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940|Soviet occupation]] from 1940, and then under [[German occupation of Latvia during World War II|German occupation]] from 1 July 1941 until 18 September 1944.<ref>[https://www.soldat.ru/spravka/freedom/1-ssr-6.html Освобождение городов]</ref> It was administered as a part of the [[Generalbezirk Lettland]] of [[Reichskommissariat Ostland]]. ==Shtetl== Jaunjelgava was one of many [[shtetl]]s which once existed in the [[Pale of Settlement]]. Its Jewish community was established toward the close of the seventeenth century. In 1858 first Jewish school was opened in the town. In 1897, 3,800 of its population of 5,223 were Jews.<ref>[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/6392-friedrichstadt Friedrichstadt] entry in the ''[[Jewish Encyclopedia]]''</ref> By 1935, only 25% of the city's population was Jewish. Some of them were [[deportation|deported]] in June 1941, and some were murdered in the [[Holocaust]] when on 2 August German troops liquidated the city's Jewish community. ==Jaunjelgava municipality== In 2009 the city joined six surrounding communities to form a local government district. (See also: [[Administrative divisions of Latvia]]) ==Selected publications== * Heinz zur Mühlen: ''Baltisches historisches Ortslexikon, Tl. 2, Lettland (Südlivland und Kurland)'', {{ISBN|978-3-41206-889-9}} * ''Latvijas Pagastu Enciklopēdeija'', 2002, {{ISBN|9984-00-436-8}} * [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/6392-friedrichstadt Friedrichstadt] entry in the ''[[Jewish Encyclopedia]]'' ==See also== *[[List of cities in Latvia]] ==Gallery== <gallery> Image:Jaunjelgavai caurskrienot 5.jpg|Jaunjelgava town hall Image:Jaunjelgavas lauva.JPG| Sculpture of a lion, the symbol of Jaunjelgava Image:Daugava pie Jaunjelgavas.JPG|Daugava River Image:Jaunjelgavas pareiztic baznica.JPG|Jaunjelgava's Orthodox church Image:Jaunjelgavas katolu baznica.jpg|Jaunjelgava's Catholic church Image:Jaunjelgavas autoosta.jpg|Bus stop </gallery> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Cities and parishes of Aizkraukle District}} {{Latvian regional cities}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Towns in Latvia]] 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