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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Core_elements_of_Llanito_vocabulary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Core_elements_of_Llanito_vocabulary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Core elements of Llanito vocabulary</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Core_elements_of_Llanito_vocabulary-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Core elements of Llanito vocabulary subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Core_elements_of_Llanito_vocabulary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anglicisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglicisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Anglicisms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anglicisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calques_from_English_to_Spanish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calques_from_English_to_Spanish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Calques from English to Spanish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calques_from_English_to_Spanish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calques_from_Spanish_to_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calques_from_Spanish_to_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Calques from Spanish to English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calques_from_Spanish_to_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_expressions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_expressions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Local expressions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_expressions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Llanito_words_introduced_into_Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Llanito_words_introduced_into_Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Llanito words introduced into Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Llanito_words_introduced_into_Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linguistic_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linguistic_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Linguistic research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linguistic_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Broadcasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broadcasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Broadcasting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broadcasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dictionaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dictionaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Dictionaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dictionaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Llanito</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llanito" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Жанито – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Жанито" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llanito" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Llanito" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Llanito" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanita_dialekto" title="Llanita dialekto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Llanita dialekto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Llanito" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Llanito" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Llanito" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Llanito" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EB%8B%88%ED%86%A0" title="야니토 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="야니토" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8" title="Յանիտո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յանիտո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanito_jezik" title="Llanito jezik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Llanito jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Llanito" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Llanito" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llan%C3%ACto" title="Llanìto – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Llanìto" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Llanito" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Llanito" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Llanito" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Янито – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Янито" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Llanito" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Llanito" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanito" title="Yanito – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yanito" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Llanito" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Llanito" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Яніто – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Яніто" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the use of the term as a demonym, see <a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltarian people">Gibraltarian people</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_English" title="Gibraltarian English">Gibraltarian English</a> or <a href="/wiki/Spanglish" title="Spanglish">Spanglish</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Llanito</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Yanito</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ɟʝaˈnito]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarians" title="Gibraltarians">Gibraltarians</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Italic_languages" title="Italic languages">Italic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Latino-Faliscan_languages" title="Latino-Faliscan languages">Latino-Faliscan</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Western_languages" title="Italo-Western languages">Italo-Western</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Romance_languages" title="Western Romance languages">Western Romance</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Romance_languages" title="Iberian Romance languages">Ibero-Romance</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/West_Iberian_languages" title="West Iberian languages">West Iberian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Castilian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Castilian languages">Castilian</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Glottolog_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glottolog-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_Spanish" title="Andalusian Spanish">Andalusian Spanish</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Llanito</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Early forms</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Italic_language" title="Proto-Italic language">Proto-Italic</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Latin" title="Old Latin">Old Latin</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Romance_language" title="Proto-Romance language">Proto-Romance</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Spanish" title="Old Spanish">Old Spanish</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Spanish" title="Early Modern Spanish">Early Modern Spanish</a> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">–</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/IETF_language_tag" title="IETF language tag">IETF</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code>es-GI-spanglis</code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gibraltar_map-en-edit2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Gibraltar_map-en-edit2.svg/250px-Gibraltar_map-en-edit2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Gibraltar_map-en-edit2.svg/500px-Gibraltar_map-en-edit2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1558" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">The majority of Gibraltar's population speaks Llanito.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Gibraltar" title="Category:Gibraltar">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Gibraltar" title="Culture of Gibraltar">Culture of Gibraltar</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tipos_de_Gibraltar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tipos_de_Gibraltar.jpg/200px-Tipos_de_Gibraltar.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tipos_de_Gibraltar.jpg/300px-Tipos_de_Gibraltar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tipos_de_Gibraltar.jpg/400px-Tipos_de_Gibraltar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1566" data-file-height="1240" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Gibraltar" title="History of Gibraltar">History</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltarian people">People</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Genoese_in_Gibraltar" title="History of the Genoese in Gibraltar">Genoese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Gibraltar" title="History of the Jews in Gibraltar">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Maltese_in_Gibraltar" title="History of the Maltese in Gibraltar">Maltese</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Gibraltar" title="Languages of Gibraltar">Languages</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Llanito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_Spanish" title="Andalusian Spanish">Andalusian Spanish</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_Gibraltar" title="Category:Religion in Gibraltar">Religion</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Gibraltar">Roman Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Gibraltar" title="History of the Jews in Gibraltar">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Gibraltar" title="Islam in Gibraltar">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Gibraltar" title="Hinduism in Gibraltar">Hinduism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Gibraltar" title="Music of Gibraltar">Music</a> and performing arts</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breed_77" title="Breed 77">Breed 77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melon_Diesel" title="Melon Diesel">Melon Diesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxi_(Gibraltar_band)" title="Taxi (Gibraltar band)">Taxi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Media</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Gibraltar">Television</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Gibraltar" title="Sport in Gibraltar">Sport</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Stadium,_Gibraltar" title="Victoria Stadium, Gibraltar">Victoria Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Gibraltar" title="Football in Gibraltar">Football in Gibraltar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Football_Association" title="Gibraltar Football Association">Gibraltar Football Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_national_football_team" title="Gibraltar national football team">National football team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Gibraltar" title="Rugby union in Gibraltar">Rugby union in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_national_cricket_team" title="Gibraltar national cricket team">National cricket team</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Monuments</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Gibraltar">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Symbols</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Gibraltar" title="Flag of Gibraltar">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Gibraltar" title="Coat of arms of Gibraltar">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Gibraltar">National anthem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/20px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Gibraltar" title="Portal:Gibraltar">Gibraltar portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Gibraltar" title="Template:Culture of Gibraltar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Gibraltar" title="Template talk:Culture of Gibraltar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Gibraltar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Gibraltar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#DDDDDD; border-bottom:1px solid #fefefe;"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish language</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cantar_de_mio_Cid_f74r.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Cantar_de_mio_Cid_f74r.jpg/175px-Cantar_de_mio_Cid_f74r.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Cantar_de_mio_Cid_f74r.jpg/263px-Cantar_de_mio_Cid_f74r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Cantar_de_mio_Cid_f74r.jpg/350px-Cantar_de_mio_Cid_f74r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1504" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption" style="padding:0.4em;line-height:1.3em;">A manuscript of the <span title="Old Spanish-language text"><i lang="osp"><a href="/wiki/Cantar_de_mio_Cid" title="Cantar de mio Cid">Cantar de mio Cid</a></i></span>, 13th century</div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#DDDDDD;"> Overview</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_phonology" title="Spanish phonology">Pronunciation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stress_in_Spanish" title="Stress in Spanish">stress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_orthography" title="Spanish orthography">Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_given_to_the_Spanish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Names given to the Spanish language">Names</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#DDDDDD;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Spanish_language" title="History of the Spanish language">History</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Spanish" title="Old Spanish">Old</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Spanish" title="Early Modern Spanish">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influences_on_the_Spanish_language" title="Influences on the Spanish language">Influences</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#DDDDDD;"> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_grammar" title="Spanish grammar">Grammar</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_determiners" title="Spanish determiners">Determiners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_nouns" title="Spanish nouns">Nouns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grammatical_gender_in_Spanish" title="Grammatical gender in Spanish">gender</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_pronouns" title="Spanish pronouns">Pronouns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_personal_pronouns" title="Spanish personal pronouns">personal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_object_pronouns" title="Spanish object pronouns">object</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_adjectives" title="Spanish adjectives">Adjectives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_prepositions" title="Spanish prepositions">Prepositions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_verbs" title="Spanish verbs">Verbs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conjugation" title="Spanish conjugation">conjugation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_irregular_verbs" title="Spanish irregular verbs">irregular verbs</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#DDDDDD;"> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dialects_and_varieties" title="Spanish dialects and varieties">Dialects</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_Spanish" title="Andalusian Spanish">Andalusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Spanish" title="Andean Spanish">Andean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Spanish" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine Spanish">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_Spanish" title="Belizean Spanish">Belizean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Spanish" title="Bolivian Spanish">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_Spanish" title="Canarian Spanish">Canarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Spanish" title="Caribbean Spanish">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Spanish" title="Central American Spanish">Central American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Spanish" title="Chilean Spanish">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Spanish" title="Colombian Spanish">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_Spanish" title="Costa Rican Spanish">Costa Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Spanish" title="Cuban Spanish">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Spanish" title="Dominican Spanish">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Spanish" title="Ecuadorian Spanish">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatoguinean_Spanish" title="Equatoguinean Spanish">Equatoguinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Spanish" title="Guatemalan Spanish">Guatemalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_Spanish" title="Honduran Spanish">Honduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Spanish" title="Mexican Spanish">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murcian_Spanish" title="Murcian Spanish">Murcian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_Spanish" title="New Mexican Spanish">New Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Spanish" title="Nicaraguan Spanish">Nicaraguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_Spanish" title="Paraguayan Spanish">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_Spanish" title="Panamanian Spanish">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Spanish" title="Peninsular Spanish">Peninsular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Spanish" title="Peruvian Spanish">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Spanish" title="Philippine Spanish">Philippine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_Philippines" title="Spanish language in the Philippines">status</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Spanish" title="Puerto Rican Spanish">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rioplatense_Spanish" title="Rioplatense Spanish">Rioplatense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saharan_Spanish" title="Saharan Spanish">Saharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Spanish" title="Salvadoran Spanish">Salvadoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Spanish" title="Standard Spanish">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Spanish" title="Uruguayan Spanish">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Spanish" title="Venezuelan Spanish">Venezuelan</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#DDDDDD;"> <a href="/wiki/Dialectology" title="Dialectology">Dialectology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phonological_history_of_Spanish_coronal_fricatives" title="Phonological history of Spanish coronal fricatives">Seseo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye%C3%ADsmo" title="Yeísmo">Yeísmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voseo" title="Voseo">Voseo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%ADsmo" title="Leísmo">Leísmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%ADsmo" title="Loísmo">Loísmo</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#DDDDDD;"> <a href="/wiki/Interlanguage" title="Interlanguage">Interlanguages</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Llanito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jopara" title="Jopara">Jopara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judaeo-Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portu%C3%B1ol" title="Portuñol">Portuñol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanglish" title="Spanglish">Spanglish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castrapo" title="Castrapo">Castrapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish-based_creole_languages" title="Spanish-based creole languages">Creoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roquetas_Pidgin_Spanish" title="Roquetas Pidgin Spanish">Roquetas Pidgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavacano" title="Chavacano">Chavacano or Chabacano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palenquero" title="Palenquero">Palenquero or Palenque</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#DDDDDD;"> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_as_a_second_or_foreign_language" title="Spanish as a second or foreign language">Teaching</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanism" title="Hispanism">Hispanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Spanish_Academy" title="Royal Spanish Academy">RAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Cervantes" title="Instituto Cervantes">Instituto Cervantes</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; padding-bottom:0.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_language_sidebar" title="Template:Spanish language sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spanish_language_sidebar" title="Template talk:Spanish language sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish_language_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish language sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Llanito</b> or <b>Yanito</b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ɟʝaˈnito]</a></span>) is a form of <a href="/wiki/Andalusian_Spanish" title="Andalusian Spanish">Andalusian Spanish</a> heavily laced with words from English and other languages, such as <a href="/wiki/Ligurian_(Romance_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligurian (Romance language)">Ligurian</a>; it is spoken in the <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British overseas territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-creole_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-creole-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is commonly marked by a great deal of <a href="/wiki/Code-switching" title="Code-switching">code switching</a> between <a href="/wiki/Andalusian_Spanish" title="Andalusian Spanish">Andalusian Spanish</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a> and by the use of <a href="/wiki/Anglicism" title="Anglicism">Anglicisms</a> and loanwords from other Mediterranean languages and dialects.<sup id="cite_ref-Levey2008_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levey2008-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The English language is becoming increasingly dominant in Gibraltar, with the younger generation speaking little or no Llanito despite learning Spanish in school.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been described as "Gibraltar's dying mother-tongue".<sup id="cite_ref-wright_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wright-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Llanito</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> word meaning "little plain". <a href="/wiki/Gibraltarians" title="Gibraltarians">Gibraltarians</a> also call themselves <i>Llanitos</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llanito&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The etymology of the term <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-GI-spanglis">Llanito</i></span> is uncertain, and there are a number of theories about its origin. In Spanish, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">llanito</i></span> means "little flatland" and one interpretation is that it refers to the "people of the flatlands".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKellermann20018–10_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKellermann20018–10-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is thought that the inhabitants of La Línea with important social and economic ties with Gibraltar, were actually the first to be referred to as <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-GI-spanglis">Llanitos</i></span> since La Línea lies in the plain and marsh land surrounding The Rock. </p><p>Another theory for the origin of the word is that it is a <a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">diminutive</a> of the name <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Gianni" title="Gianni">Gianni</a></i></span>: "gianito",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKellermann20018–10_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKellermann20018–10-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pronounced in Genoese slang with the "g" as "j".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the late 18th century 34% of the male civilian population of Gibraltar came from <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a> and <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Gianni</i></span> was a common <a href="/wiki/Italian_name" title="Italian name">Italian forename</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To this day, nearly 20% of Gibraltarian surnames are Italian in origin.<sup id="cite_ref-empire_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-empire-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been speculated that the term comes from the English name "Johnny".<sup id="cite_ref-Lipski86_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lipski86-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has also been hypothesized that the term originated as a reference to the language of the people, with <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">llanito</i></span> originally referring to the "plain language" spoken by ordinary Gibraltarians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKellermann20018–10_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKellermann20018–10-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llanito&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most influential periods for the formation of Llanito are:<sup id="cite_ref-Martínez_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martínez-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1713. The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Utrecht">Treaty of Utrecht</a> yields Gibraltar to the United Kingdom.</li> <li>After the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_War_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish War of Independence">Spanish War of Independence</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a>, British authorities form <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Gibraltar" title="Education in Gibraltar">an education system</a> of British inspiration.</li> <li>During the <a href="/wiki/Evacuation_of_the_Gibraltarian_civilian_population_during_World_War_II" title="Evacuation of the Gibraltarian civilian population during World War II">evacuation of Gibraltar</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the authorities realise that most of the Gibraltarians lack a sufficient command of English. Subsequently, Spanish is relegated to a foreign language subject in the education system.</li> <li>1969–1982. Spanish governments close <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar%E2%80%93Spain_border" title="Gibraltar–Spain border">"the fence"</a> (the land border) and Spanish workers cannot cross the border into Gibraltar. This reduced the need for Spanish in the workplace and the input of Spanish nannies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevey200811_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevey200811-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llanito&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Andalusian Spanish, from the surrounding <i><a href="/wiki/Campo_de_Gibraltar" title="Campo de Gibraltar">Campo de Gibraltar</a>,</i> is the main constituent of Llanito. However, Llanito is also heavily influenced by British English. Furthermore, it has borrowed words and expressions from many other languages: for example, it contains over 500 words from the medieval <a href="/wiki/Genoese_dialect" title="Genoese dialect">Genoese</a> dialect of <a href="/wiki/Ligurian_language_(Romance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligurian language (Romance)">Ligurian</a>, as well as some words of <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> origin via <a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judaeo-Spanish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ethno_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethno-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its other main language constituents are <a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menorcan" title="Menorcan">Menorcan Catalan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_Arabic" title="Maghrebi Arabic">Darija Arabic</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Cal%C3%B3_language" title="Caló language">Caló</a> borrowings were once present but have since been lost.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevey20084_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevey20084-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Llanito often involves <a href="/wiki/Code-switching" title="Code-switching">code-switching</a> (using different languages for different sentences) and <a href="/wiki/Code_mixing" class="mw-redirect" title="Code mixing">code mixing</a> (using different languages for different words in the same sentence) from Spanish to English.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVázquez_Amador2018326_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVázquez_Amador2018326-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Llanito words are also widely used in the neighbouring Spanish town of <a href="/wiki/La_L%C3%ADnea_de_la_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="La Línea de la Concepción">La Línea de la Concepción</a> (due to the influx of people from La Línea working in Gibraltar over many years).<sup id="cite_ref-linea_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linea-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has no official <a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">orthography</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wright_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wright-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One feature of the language is the pronunciation of Anglicisms with an Andalusian flavour. For example, "bacon" is pronounced <i><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-GI-spanglis">beki</i></span></i>, "cake" is pronounced <i><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-GI-spanglis">keki</i></span></i> (although these particular words are not prevalent today), and porridge is called <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-GI-spanglis">quecaró</i></span> (a <a href="/wiki/Hispanicisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanicisation">hispanicisation</a> of the brand <a href="/wiki/Quaker_Oats" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker Oats">Quaker Oats</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevey20085_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevey20085-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most Gibraltarians, especially those with higher education, also speak standard Spanish with <a href="/wiki/Andalusian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Andalusian dialect">Andalusian</a> pronunciations and standard English of a British English <a href="/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)" title="Variety (linguistics)">variety</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKellermann2001146_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKellermann2001146-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like other Andalusian varieties, Llanito is marked by high rates of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dialects_and_varieties#Word-final_-n" title="Spanish dialects and varieties">final <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> velarisation</a>, neutralisation and elision of pre-consonantal and word-final <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/r/</span>, and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dialects_and_varieties#Debuccalization_of_coda_/s/" title="Spanish dialects and varieties">reduction of final <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span></a>. One difference from surrounding dialects is that Gibraltarians tend to maintain this high rate of reduction of final consonants even in very elevated registers, whereas Andalusians would try to adopt a more neutral pronunciation.<sup id="cite_ref-Lipski86_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lipski86-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Llanito has undergone some degree of lexical restructuring as a result of its reduction of final consonants and the unofficial status of Spanish. For example, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">túnel</i></span> 'tunnel' is often pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈtune]</span>, and its plural form may be pronounced as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈtune(h)]</span> instead of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈtunele(h)]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lipski86_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lipski86-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Italian scholar Giulio Vignoli, Llanito originally contained many Genoese words, which were later replaced by mainly Spanish and some English words.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Llanito has significant Jewish influence, because of a <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Gibraltar" title="History of the Jews in Gibraltar">long-standing Jewish population in Gibraltar</a>. They introduced words and expressions from <a href="/wiki/Haketia" title="Haketia">Haketia</a>, a largely extinct Judeo-Spanish language spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jews">Sephardic</a> communities of Northern <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> such as in <a href="/wiki/Tetuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetuan">Tetuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tangiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangiers">Tangiers</a>, and the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Exclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclave">exclaves</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> in North Africa. </p><p>Although Llanito is seldom written, a Llanito dictionary, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-GI-spanglis">Diccionario Yanito</i></span>, was published in 1978 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Cavilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Cavilla (page does not exist)">Manuel Cavilla</a>. In 2001, <a href="/wiki/Tito_Vallejo" title="Tito Vallejo">Tito Vallejo</a> published <i>The Yanito Dictionary. Including Place Names and Yanito Anecdotes</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Core_elements_of_Llanito_vocabulary">Core elements of Llanito vocabulary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llanito&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Core elements of Llanito vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Llanito is largely based on the colloquial Spanish spoken in the Campo de Gibraltar, there are numerous elements beyond code-switching to English which make it unique. These are as follows. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anglicisms">Anglicisms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llanito&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Anglicisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>They may be <a href="/wiki/False_friend" title="False friend">false friends</a> or involve an informal playfulness. </p> <ul><li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-GI-spanglis">Echegarai</i></span>: "watchman" or "guard". From English <i>"Check Gate"</i> influenced by the Basque surname <a href="/wiki/Echegaray" title="Echegaray">Echegaray</a>.</li> <li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-GI-spanglis">Focona</i></span>: Gibraltar border with Spain. From English <i>"Four Corners"</i>.</li> <li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-GI-spanglis">darle una apología</i></span>:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevey20085_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevey20085-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "to give him an apology" instead of <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">pedirle perdón</i></span>. In standard Spanish, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apolog%C3%ADa" class="extiw" title="wikt:apología">apología</a></i></span> is a "<a href="/wiki/Apologia" title="Apologia">defence speech</a>".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calques_from_English_to_Spanish">Calques from English to Spanish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llanito&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Calques from English to Spanish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Llanito frequently uses verbal expressions with <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">para atrás</i></span>, or <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">p'atrás</i></span>, mirroring use of <a href="/wiki/English_phrasal_verbs" title="English phrasal verbs">English phrasal verbs</a> ending in "back".<sup id="cite_ref-Lipski_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lipski-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These expressions are meaningless in standard Spanish. </p> <ul><li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-GI-spanglis">Te llamo p'atrás</i></span>: Literal translation into Spanish of English phrase "I'll call you back". In standard Spanish, one would normally say "I'll return your call" (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-ES">Te devuelvo la llamada</i></span>, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Te devolveré la llamada</i></span>).</li> <li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-GI-spanglis">dar p'atrás</i></span>: "To give back".</li> <li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-GI-spanglis">venir p'atrás</i></span>: "To come back".</li> <li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-GI-spanglis">hablar p'atrás</i></span>: "To talk back".</li> <li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-GI-spanglis">pagar p'atrás</i></span>: "To pay back".</li></ul> <p>Usage of <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">p'atrás</i></span> expressions is also widespread in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_United_States" title="Spanish language in the United States">US Spanish</a>, including in <a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1o_Spanish" title="Isleño Spanish">Isleño Spanish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lipski_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lipski-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">P'atrás</i></span> expressions are unique as a calque of an English verbal particle, since other phrasal verbs are almost never calqued into Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-Lipski_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lipski-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of this, and because <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">p'atrás</i></span> expressions are both consistent with Spanish structure and distinctly structured to their English equivalents,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOtheguy1993_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOtheguy1993-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they are likely a result of a conceptual, not linguistic loan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOtheguy1993_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOtheguy1993-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-GI-spanglis">liqueribá</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevey20085_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevey20085-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Llanito means <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-ES">regaliz</i></span> ("liquorice") in Spanish, stemming from the English "liquorice bar". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calques_from_Spanish_to_English">Calques from Spanish to English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llanito&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Calques from Spanish to English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en-GI-spanglis">Don't give me the tin</span></span></i>: Literal translation of Spanish expression <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-ES">No me des la lata</i></span>, meaning "stop annoying me".</li> <li><i><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en-GI-spanglis">What a</span></span> <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-GI-spanglis">cachon</i></span><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en-GI-spanglis">finger!</span></span></i>: This is a humorous expression based on the Spanish word <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-ES">cachondeo</i></span> which means "<span title="British English-language text"><span lang="en-GB">piss-take</span></span>" in British English. The end of the word, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-ES">deo</i></span>, is how the word <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-ES">dedo</i></span> (finger) is pronounced in colloquial Andalusian Spanish, thus <i><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-GI-spanglis">cachon</i></span><span title="English-language text"><span lang="en-GI-spanglis">finger</span></span></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevey20086_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevey20086-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_expressions">Local expressions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llanito&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Local expressions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-GI-spanglis">¿Tú quién te crees que eres? ¿El hijo del Melbil?</i></span> Literally, <i>"Who do you think you are? The son of the Melbil?"</i>, as used when someone is acting with excessive self-importance. <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-GI-spanglis">Melbil</i></span> is a Spanish approximation of the pronunciation of the British name <i>Melville</i>, and the expression is an allusion to <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Melville" title="Viscount Melville">Lord Melville</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> British statesmen prominent in the early 19th-century. The <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dundas,_1st_Viscount_Melville" title="Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville">elder Lord Melville</a> was <a href="/wiki/Secretary_at_War" title="Secretary at War">Secretary at War</a> (1794–1801), and <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a> (1804–1805); his son, the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Dundas,_2nd_Viscount_Melville" title="Robert Dundas, 2nd Viscount Melville">younger Lord Melville</a>, later became First Lord of the Admiralty (1812-1827).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Llanito_words_introduced_into_Spain">Llanito words introduced into Spain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llanito&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Llanito words introduced into Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many Llanito terms have been introduced into the Andalusian Spanish dialect of the bordering city <a href="/wiki/La_L%C3%ADnea_de_la_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="La Línea de la Concepción">La Línea de la Concepción</a>, where the resulting dialect is known as Linense. However, according to Gibraltarian linguist Tito Vallejo, a few words common throughout Spain may be of Llanito origin, notably <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-ES">chachi</i></span> meaning "cool" or "brilliant" (from <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>) and <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-ES">napia</i></span> meaning "big nose" from the Governor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Napier,_1st_Baron_Napier_of_Magdala" title="Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala">Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala</a>. Churchill was associated with foreign imports from the United Kingdom which were highly prized in Gibraltar and, according to Vallejo, Lord Napier had a particularly big nose.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, linguists also propose <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-ES">chachi</i></span> to be a contraction of the <a href="/wiki/Cal%C3%B3_language" title="Caló language">Caló</a> term <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es-ES">chachipén</i></span> meaning "truth", since this language is the source of a significant proportion of Spanish slang.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linguistic_research">Linguistic research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llanito&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Linguistic research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Laura Wright, an English professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, and Sophie Macdonald, a <a href="/wiki/Gibraltarians" title="Gibraltarians">Gibraltarian</a> undergraduate she was supervising, began researching the language in 2022. Wright sought a research grant from the Gibraltarian government without success, but induced a minister to put saving Llanito into his election manifesto. She is assisted by local writer <a href="/wiki/M._G._Sanchez" title="M. G. Sanchez">M. G. Sanchez</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wright_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wright-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Broadcasting">Broadcasting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llanito&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Broadcasting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation">Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation</a> has broadcast some programmes in Llanito, including <i>Talk About Town</i>, a discussion series in which three presenters discuss local affairs, from the need to replace a street sign to important political affairs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><i>Pepe's Pot</i> was a cookery programme which also used Llanito.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film">Film</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llanito&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A documentary film, <i>People of the Rock: The Llanitos of Gibraltar</i><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2011), discusses Llanito speech characteristics, history and culture. Notable interviews include Pepe Palmero (of GBC's <i>Pepe's Pot</i>), <a href="/wiki/Kaiane_Aldorino" title="Kaiane Aldorino">Kaiane Aldorino</a> (Miss World 2009), and Tito Vallejo (author of <i>The Llanito Dictionary</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llanito&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diglossia" title="Diglossia">Diglossia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Gibraltar" title="Languages of Gibraltar">Languages of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Languages of the United Kingdom">Languages of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanglish" title="Spanglish">Spanglish</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llanito&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ethnologue-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEberhardSimonsFennig2020">Eberhard, Simons & Fennig (2020)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glottolog-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Glottolog_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGlottolog2022" class="citation book cs1">Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/cast1243">"Castilic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog 4.6</a></i>. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Castilic&rft.btitle=Glottolog+4.6&rft.place=Jena%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+for+Evolutionary+Anthropology&rft.date=2022&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Fcast1243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALlanito" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-creole-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-creole_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.everyculture.com/Ge-It/Gibraltar.html#orientation">"Culture of Gibraltar"</a>. Everyculture<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Culture+of+Gibraltar&rft.pub=Everyculture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.everyculture.com%2FGe-It%2FGibraltar.html%23orientation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALlanito" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Levey2008-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Levey2008_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Levey2008" class="citation book cs1">David Levey (January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VKW6uqxsj4YC"><i>Language Change and Variation in Gibraltar</i></a>. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-272-1862-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-272-1862-9"><bdi>978-90-272-1862-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+Change+and+Variation+in+Gibraltar&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing&rft.date=2008-01&rft.isbn=978-90-272-1862-9&rft.au=David+Levey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVKW6uqxsj4YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALlanito" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/dcd54fac-138c-11e7-80f4-13e067d5072c">Financial Times. <i>Gibraltar fears loss of identity over Yanito decline.</i></a> Retrieved 17 November 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.elpais.com/spain/2023-03-27/the-decline-of-llanito-gibraltar-struggles-to-preserve-its-singular-linguistic-identity.html">English.elpais.com. <i>The decline of Llanito: Gibraltar struggles to preserve its singular linguistic identity.</i></a> Retrieved 31 March 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wright-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wright_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wright_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wright_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWright2024" class="citation journal cs1">Wright, Laura (Spring 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.english.cam.ac.uk/alumni/newsletter/9westroad23.pdf?utm_campaign=alumni&utm_medium=email&utm_source=1688478_M23476%20Faculty%20of%20English%209%20West%20Road%20April%202024&dm_i=6DCG,106U6,61MSBN,4JAHF,1">"Gibraltar, LLanito and Marlboro Men"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>9 West Road</i>. <b>23</b>: <span class="nowrap">23–</span>4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=9+West+Road&rft.atitle=Gibraltar%2C+LLanito+and+Marlboro+Men&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E23-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.date=2024&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.english.cam.ac.uk%2Falumni%2Fnewsletter%2F9westroad23.pdf%3Futm_campaign%3Dalumni%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_source%3D1688478_M23476%2520Faculty%2520of%2520English%25209%2520West%2520Road%2520April%25202024%26dm_i%3D6DCG%2C106U6%2C61MSBN%2C4JAHF%2C1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALlanito" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKellermann20018–10-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKellermann20018–10_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKellermann20018–10_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKellermann20018–10_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKellermann2001">Kellermann 2001</a>, pp. 8–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vignoli, Giulio. "Gli Italiani Dimenticati"; Chapter: Gibilterra</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Levey, David: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VKW6uqxsj4YC&q=french+gibraltar+ethnic&pg=PA24"><i>Language change and variation in Gibraltar</i>, page 24. John Benjamins Publishing Company.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-empire-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-empire_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEdward_G._Archer2006" class="citation book cs1">Edward G. Archer (2006). "Ethnic factors". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2ip0C6odET4C"><i>Gibraltar, identity and empire</i></a>. Routledge. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-34796-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-34796-9"><bdi>978-0-415-34796-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ethnic+factors&rft.btitle=Gibraltar%2C+identity+and+empire&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-415-34796-9&rft.au=Edward+G.+Archer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2ip0C6odET4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALlanito" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lipski86-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lipski86_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lipski86_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lipski86_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLipski1986" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/John_M._Lipski" title="John M. Lipski">Lipski, John M.</a> (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://johnlipski.github.io/gib.pdf">"Sobre el bilingüismo anglo-hispánico en Gibraltar"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Neuphilologische Mitteilungen</i> (in Spanish). <b>LXXXVII</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">414–</span>427.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuphilologische+Mitteilungen&rft.atitle=Sobre+el+biling%C3%BCismo+anglo-hisp%C3%A1nico+en+Gibraltar&rft.volume=LXXXVII&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E414-%3C%2Fspan%3E427&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Lipski&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjohnlipski.github.io%2Fgib.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALlanito" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martínez-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Martínez_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartínez2021" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Martínez, Samuel (17 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eldiario.es/red/que-es/llanito-tres-claves-entender-gibraltar-desarrollo-spanglish-acento-andaluz_1_7942981.html">"El llanito: tres claves para entender cómo Gibraltar desarrolló su 'spanglish' con acento andaluz"</a>. <i>ElDiario.es</i> (in European Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gibraltar+Ethnologue+profile&rft.pub=Ethnologue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_language.asp%3Fcode%3Deng%23Gibraltar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALlanito" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevey20084-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevey20084_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevey2008">Levey 2008</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVázquez_Amador2018326-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVázquez_Amador2018326_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVázquez_Amador2018">Vázquez Amador 2018</a>, p. 326.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-linea-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-linea_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geo.ya.com/milinea/paginas/diccionario.htm">"Linense Dictionary"</a>. La Línea de la Concepción<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Linense+Dictionary&rft.pub=La+L%C3%ADnea+de+la+Concepci%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geo.ya.com%2Fmilinea%2Fpaginas%2Fdiccionario.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALlanito" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevey20085-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevey20085_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevey20085_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevey20085_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevey2008">Levey 2008</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKellermann2001146-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKellermann2001146_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKellermann2001">Kellermann 2001</a>, p. 146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFÁngela_Alameda_Hernández" class="citation book cs1">Ángela Alameda Hernández. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hera.ugr.es/tesisugr/16077507.pdf"><i>The discursive construction of Gibraltarian identity in the printed press: A critical discourse analysis on the Gibraltar issue (PhD Thesis)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_Granada" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad de Granada">Universidad de Granada</a>. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-338-3818-0" title="Special:BookSources/84-338-3818-0"><bdi>84-338-3818-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+discursive+construction+of+Gibraltarian+identity+in+the+printed+press%3A+A+critical+discourse+analysis+on+the+Gibraltar+issue+%28PhD+Thesis%29&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Universidad+de+Granada&rft.isbn=84-338-3818-0&rft.au=%C3%81ngela+Alameda+Hern%C3%A1ndez&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhera.ugr.es%2Ftesisugr%2F16077507.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALlanito" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lipski-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lipski_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lipski_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lipski_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLipski2008">Lipski 2008</a>, pp. 226–229</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOtheguy1993-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOtheguy1993_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOtheguy1993_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOtheguy1993">Otheguy 1993</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevey20086-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevey20086_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevey2008">Levey 2008</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elmundo.es/elmundolibro/2003/10/06/no_ficcion/1065436977.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The Yanito Dictionary' ahonda en el gibraltareño"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Mundo_(Spain)" title="El Mundo (Spain)">El Mundo</a></i> (in Spanish). Europa Press. 6 October 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Mundo&rft.atitle=%27The+Yanito+Dictionary%27+ahonda+en+el+gibraltare%C3%B1o&rft.date=2003-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmundo.es%2Felmundolibro%2F2003%2F10%2F06%2Fno_ficcion%2F1065436977.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALlanito" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLópez2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">López, Alfred (15 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.20minutos.es/yaestaellistoquetodolosabe/cual-es-el-origen-del-termino-chachi/">"¿Cuál es el origen del término 'chachi'?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/20_minutos" title="20 minutos">20 minutos</a></i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=20+minutos&rft.atitle=%C2%BFCu%C3%A1l+es+el+origen+del+t%C3%A9rmino+%27chachi%27%3F&rft.date=2017-03-15&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.20minutos.es%2Fyaestaellistoquetodolosabe%2Fcual-es-el-origen-del-termino-chachi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALlanito" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pffC9la_pOc">"Pepe's Pot con Vanessa (Programa de cocina de la GBC - TV Gibraltar)"</a>. 21 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/pffC9la_pOc">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2021 – via www.youtube.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pepe%27s+Pot+con+Vanessa+%28Programa+de+cocina+de+la+GBC+-+TV+Gibraltar%29&rft.date=2012-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DpffC9la_pOc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALlanito" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFernández_Martín2005" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fernández Martín, Carmen (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=es&user=8uXrlNQAAAAJ&citation_for_view=8uXrlNQAAAAJ:d1gkVwhDpl0C">"Gibraltar and its hinterland: Sociolinguistic exchanges between two neighbouring communities"</a>. <i>Antes y después del Quijote, ed. R. Archer et al.</i> (in Spanish): <span class="nowrap">795–</span>806.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antes+y+despu%C3%A9s+del+Quijote%2C+ed.+R.+Archer+et+al.&rft.atitle=Gibraltar+and+its+hinterland%3A+Sociolinguistic+exchanges+between+two+neighbouring+communities&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E795-%3C%2Fspan%3E806&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Fern%C3%A1ndez+Mart%C3%ADn&rft.aufirst=Carmen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fcitations%3Fview_op%3Dview_citation%26hl%3Des%26user%3D8uXrlNQAAAAJ%26citation_for_view%3D8uXrlNQAAAAJ%3Ad1gkVwhDpl0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALlanito" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrub_Street2010" class="citation web cs1">Grub Street (15 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grubstreetenglish.blogspot.com/2010/07/people-of-rock-llanitos-of-gibraltar.html">"The People of the Rock: Llanitos of Gibraltar"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+People+of+the+Rock%3A+Llanitos+of+Gibraltar&rft.date=2010-07-15&rft.au=Grub+Street&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgrubstreetenglish.blogspot.com%2F2010%2F07%2Fpeople-of-rock-llanitos-of-gibraltar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALlanito" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llanito&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArcher2006" class="citation book cs1">Archer, Edward G. (2006). "Language and the community". <i>Gibraltar, identity and empire</i>. London: Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">107–</span>114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415347969" title="Special:BookSources/9780415347969"><bdi>9780415347969</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Language+and+the+community&rft.btitle=Gibraltar%2C+identity+and+empire&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E107-%3C%2Fspan%3E114&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780415347969&rft.aulast=Archer&rft.aufirst=Edward+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALlanito" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEberhardSimonsFennig2020" class="citation book cs1">Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com"><i>Ethnologue: Languages of the World</i></a> (23rd ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnologue%3A+Languages+of+the+World&rft.place=Dallas%2C+Texas&rft.edition=23rd&rft.pub=SIL+International&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Eberhard&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft.au=Simons%2C+Gary+F.&rft.au=Fennig%2C+Charles+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALlanito" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKellermann2001" class="citation book cs1">Kellermann, Anja (8 March 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fEiX-YLT3j8C"><i>A New New English: Language, Politics, and Identity in Gibraltar</i></a>. BoD – Books on Demand. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783831123681" title="Special:BookSources/9783831123681"><bdi>9783831123681</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+New+English%3A+Language%2C+Politics%2C+and+Identity+in+Gibraltar&rft.pub=BoD+%E2%80%93+Books+on+Demand&rft.date=2001-03-08&rft.isbn=9783831123681&rft.aulast=Kellermann&rft.aufirst=Anja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfEiX-YLT3j8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALlanito" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLevey2008" class="citation book cs1">Levey, David (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Kag5AAAAQBAJ"><i>Language Change and Variation in Gibraltar</i></a>. John Benjamins Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-272-9159-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-272-9159-2"><bdi>978-90-272-9159-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+Change+and+Variation+in+Gibraltar&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-90-272-9159-2&rft.aulast=Levey&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKag5AAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALlanito" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLipski2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_M._Lipski" title="John M. Lipski">Lipski, John M.</a> (2008). <i>Varieties of Spanish in the United States</i>. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781589012134" title="Special:BookSources/9781589012134"><bdi>9781589012134</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Varieties+of+Spanish+in+the+United+States&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Georgetown+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781589012134&rft.aulast=Lipski&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALlanito" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOtheguy1993" class="citation book cs1">Otheguy, Ricardo (31 January 1993). "A reconsideration of the notion of loan translation in the analysis of U.S. Spanish". In Roca, Ana; Lipski, John M. (eds.). <i>Spanish in the United States</i>. Studies in Anthropological Linguistics. pp. <span class="nowrap">21–</span>46. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110804973.21">10.1515/9783110804973.21</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110804973" title="Special:BookSources/9783110804973"><bdi>9783110804973</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+reconsideration+of+the+notion+of+loan+translation+in+the+analysis+of+U.S.+Spanish&rft.btitle=Spanish+in+the+United+States&rft.series=Studies+in+Anthropological+Linguistics&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E21-%3C%2Fspan%3E46&rft.date=1993-01-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110804973.21&rft.isbn=9783110804973&rft.aulast=Otheguy&rft.aufirst=Ricardo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALlanito" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVázquez_Amador2018" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vázquez Amador, María (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cvc.cervantes.es/LENGUA/eaesla/pdf/04/32.pdf">"Introducción al yanito de Gibraltar"</a> [Introduction to Gibraltarian Yanito] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>E-Aesla</i> (in European Spanish) (4). Centro Virtual Cervantes: 326. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2444-197X">2444-197X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=E-Aesla&rft.atitle=Introducci%C3%B3n+al+yanito+de+Gibraltar&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=326&rft.date=2018&rft.issn=2444-197X&rft.aulast=V%C3%A1zquez+Amador&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcvc.cervantes.es%2FLENGUA%2Feaesla%2Fpdf%2F04%2F32.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALlanito" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llanito&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/llanito.htm">Llanito alphabet and pronunciation</a> at <i>Omniglot</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927213338/http://www.llanito.com/default.htm">A searchable database of Gibraltarian sayings and street signs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panorama.gi/views.htm">A weekly comical editorial in exaggerated code-switching Llanito by the daily <i>Panorama</i> (newspaper)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031034305/http://www.panorama.gi/views.htm">Archived</a> 31 October 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elpais.com/elpais/2016/10/28/inenglish/1477658116_053458.html">‘Andalunglish’: the English words Spaniards have borrowed from Gibraltar</a>, 31 October 2016, Nick Lyne, <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="El País (Spain)">El País</a>. Article about a collection of Anglicisms used in Campo de Gibraltar.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dictionaries">Dictionaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llanito&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Dictionaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVallejo" class="citation web cs1">Vallejo, Tito. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071221204419/http://www.aboutourrock.com/dictionary/a.htm">"Online Llanito dictionary"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aboutourrock.com/dictionary/a.htm">the original</a> on 21 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Online+Llanito+dictionary&rft.aulast=Vallejo&rft.aufirst=Tito&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aboutourrock.com%2Fdictionary%2Fa.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALlanito" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFManuel_Cavilla,_OBE1978" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Manuel Cavilla, OBE (1978), <i>Diccionario Yanito</i> (in Spanish), MedSUN (Mediterranean SUN Publishing Co Ltd) - Gibraltar</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diccionario+Yanito&rft.pub=MedSUN+%28Mediterranean+SUN+Publishing+Co+Ltd%29+-+Gibraltar&rft.date=1978&rft.au=Manuel+Cavilla%2C+OBE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALlanito" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Interlanguages193" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Interlanguage_varieties" title="Template:Interlanguage varieties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Interlanguage_varieties" title="Template talk:Interlanguage varieties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Interlanguage_varieties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Interlanguage varieties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Interlanguages193" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Interlanguage" title="Interlanguage">Interlanguages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multiple <br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Cameroon Pidgin+French+English <a href="/wiki/Camfranglais" title="Camfranglais">Camfranglais</a></li> <li>Bengali+Persian+Arabic <a href="/wiki/Dobhashi" title="Dobhashi">Dobhashi</a></li> <li>Italian+Spanish+French+Arab <a href="/wiki/Sabir_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabir language">Sabir</a> †</li> <li>English+Chinese+Malay+Tamil <a href="/wiki/Singlish" title="Singlish">Singlish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manglish" title="Manglish">Manglish</a></li> <li>Hebrew+Aramaic+German+Slavic <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li>Chinese+Mongolian+Tibetan <a href="/wiki/Wutun_language" title="Wutun language">Wutun language</a></li> <li>Chinese+Tagalog+English <a href="/wiki/Hokaglish" title="Hokaglish">Hokaglish</a></li> <li>Malay+Chinese+Javanese+Sundanese+Arabic+Dutch <a href="/wiki/Betawi_language" title="Betawi language">Betawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">English</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arabic <a href="/wiki/Arablish" title="Arablish">Arablish</a></li> <li>Bengali <a href="/wiki/Banglish" title="Banglish">Banglish</a></li> <li>Czech <a href="/wiki/Czenglish" title="Czenglish">Czenglish</a></li> <li>Chinese <a href="/wiki/Chinglish" title="Chinglish">Chinglish</a></li> <li>Chinese+Tagalog <a href="/wiki/Hokaglish" title="Hokaglish">Hokaglish</a></li> <li>Danish <a href="/wiki/Danglish" title="Danglish">Danglish</a></li> <li>Dutch <a href="/wiki/Dunglish" title="Dunglish">Dunglish</a></li> <li>Finnish <a href="/wiki/Finglish" title="Finglish">Finglish</a></li> <li>French <a href="/wiki/Franglais" title="Franglais">Franglais</a></li> <li>German <a href="/wiki/Denglisch" title="Denglisch">Denglisch</a></li> <li>Greek <a href="/wiki/Greeklish" title="Greeklish">Greeklish</a></li> <li>Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Heblish" class="mw-redirect" title="Heblish">Heblish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeshivish" title="Yeshivish">Yeshivish</a></li> <li>Hindi <a href="/wiki/Hinglish" title="Hinglish">Hinglish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-switching_in_Hong_Kong" title="Code-switching in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li>Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Hunglish" title="Hunglish">Hunglish</a></li> <li>Irish <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9arlachas" class="mw-redirect" title="Béarlachas">Béarlachas</a></li> <li>Italian <a href="/wiki/Itanglese" title="Itanglese">Itanglese</a></li> <li>Japanese <a href="/wiki/Engrish" title="Engrish">Engrish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wasei-eigo" title="Wasei-eigo">Wasei-eigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonin_English" title="Bonin English">Bonin English</a></li> <li>Kannada <a href="/wiki/Kanglish" title="Kanglish">Kanglish</a></li> <li>Korean <a href="/wiki/Konglish" title="Konglish">Konglish</a></li> <li>Maltese <a href="/wiki/Maltenglish" title="Maltenglish">Maltenglish</a></li> <li>Malayalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manglish_(Malayalam)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manglish (Malayalam) (page does not exist)">Manglish (Malayalam)</a></li> <li>Malaysian <a href="/wiki/Manglish" title="Manglish">Manglish</a></li> <li>Namibia <a href="/wiki/Namlish" title="Namlish">Namlish</a></li> <li>Polish <a href="/wiki/Poglish" title="Poglish">Poglish</a></li> <li>Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Porglish" title="Porglish">Porglish</a>/Portuglish</li> <li>Russian <a href="/wiki/Runglish" title="Runglish">Runglish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solombala_English" title="Solombala English">Solombala English</a></li> <li>Sicilian <a href="/wiki/Siculish" title="Siculish">Siculish</a></li> <li>Singaporean <a href="/wiki/Singlish" title="Singlish">Singlish</a></li> <li>Spanish <a href="/wiki/Spanglish" title="Spanglish">Spanglish</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Llanito</a></li> <li>Swedish <a href="/wiki/Swenglish" title="Swenglish">Swenglish</a></li> <li>Tagalog <a href="/wiki/Taglish" title="Taglish">Taglish</a>/Englog</li> <li>Tamil <a href="/wiki/Tanglish" title="Tanglish">Tanglish</a></li> <li>Telugu <a href="/wiki/Tenglish" title="Tenglish">Tenglish</a></li> <li>Thai <a href="/wiki/Tinglish" title="Tinglish">Tinglish</a></li> <li>Turkish <a href="/wiki/Turklish" title="Turklish">Turklish</a></li> <li>Urdu <a href="/wiki/Urdish" title="Urdish">Urdish</a></li> <li>Vietnamese <a href="/wiki/Vinish" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinish">Vinish</a></li> <li>Visayan <a href="/wiki/Bislish" title="Bislish">Bislish</a></li> <li>Yiddish <a href="/wiki/Yinglish" class="mw-redirect" title="Yinglish">Yinglish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeshivish" title="Yeshivish">Yeshivish</a></li> <li>See also: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English-based_creole_languages" title="English-based creole languages">English-based creole languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englishization" class="mw-redirect" title="Englishization">Englishization</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>English <a href="/wiki/Arablish" title="Arablish">Arablish</a></li> <li>South Sudan local languages <a href="/wiki/Juba_Arabic" title="Juba Arabic">Juba Arabic</a></li> <li>Greek <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Arabic" title="Cypriot Arabic">Cypriot Arabic</a></li> <li>Jordanian+Bengali <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Bengali_Pidgin_Arabic" title="Jordanian Bengali Pidgin Arabic">Jordanian Bengali Pidgin Arabic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chinese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>English <a href="/wiki/Chinglish" title="Chinglish">Chinglish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Pidgin_English" title="Chinese Pidgin English">Chinese Pidgin English</a></li> <li>English+Malay+Tamil <a href="/wiki/Singlish" title="Singlish">Singlish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manglish" title="Manglish">Manglish</a></li> <li>English+Tagalog <a href="/wiki/Hokaglish" title="Hokaglish">Hokaglish</a></li> <li>Tibetan <a href="/wiki/Dao_language_(China)" title="Dao language (China)">Daohua</a></li> <li>Mongolian+Tibetan <a href="/wiki/Wutun_language" title="Wutun language">Wutun language</a></li> <li>Uyghur <a href="/wiki/Hezhou_language" title="Hezhou language">Hezhou language</a></li> <li>Russian <a href="/wiki/Kyakhta_Russian%E2%80%93Chinese_Pidgin" title="Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin">Kyakhta</a></li> <li>Japanese <a href="/wiki/Kyowa-go" title="Kyowa-go">Kyowa-go</a></li> <li>Inter-topolects <a href="/wiki/Lingling_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingling dialect">Linghua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaozhou_Tuhua" title="Shaozhou Tuhua">Shaozhou Tuhua</a></li> <li>Tai <a href="/wiki/E_language" title="E language">E language</a></li> <li>Hmongic <a href="/wiki/Maojia_dialect" title="Maojia dialect">Maojia dialect</a></li> <li>Santa <a href="/wiki/Tangwang_language" title="Tangwang language">Tangwang language</a></li> <li>Malay+Javanese <a href="/wiki/Malay_trade_and_creole_languages#Baba_Malay" title="Malay trade and creole languages">Baba Malay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Betawi_language" title="Betawi language">Betawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dutch</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>English <a href="/wiki/Dunglish" title="Dunglish">Dunglish</a></li> <li>Malay <a href="/wiki/Betawi_language" title="Betawi language">Betawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petjo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Petjo language">Petjo</a></li> <li>Javanese <a href="/wiki/Javindo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Javindo language">Javindo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Spanish <a href="/wiki/Frespa%C3%B1ol" title="Frespañol">Frespañol/Fragnol</a></li> <li>Japanese <a href="/wiki/Franponais" class="mw-redirect" title="Franponais">Franponais</a></li> <li>Occitan <a href="/wiki/Meridional_French" title="Meridional French">Meridional French</a></li> <li>English <a href="/wiki/Franglais" title="Franglais">Franglais</a></li> <li>Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Zarphatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Zarphatic">Zarphatic</a></li> <li>Gallo-Italic <a href="/wiki/Franco-Italian" title="Franco-Italian">Franco-Italian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French Sign<br /> Language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>American Sign Language <a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivian Sign Language">Bolivian Sign Language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thai_Sign_Language" title="Thai Sign Language">Thai Sign Language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Sign Language">Philippine Sign Language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Sign_Language" title="Malaysian Sign Language">Malaysian Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">German</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Russian <a href="/wiki/German-Russian_macaronic_language" title="German-Russian macaronic language">Deutschrussisch</a></li> <li>Spanish <a href="/wiki/Belgranodeutsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgranodeutsch">Belgranodeutsch</a></li> <li>English <a href="/wiki/Denglisch" title="Denglisch">Denglisch</a></li> <li>Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Riograndenser_Hunsr%C3%BCckisch_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Riograndenser Hunsrückisch German">Hunsrik</a> (when Portuguese-influenced)</li> <li>Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li>Yiddish <a href="/wiki/Lachoudisch" title="Lachoudisch">Lachoudisch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greek</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>English <a href="/wiki/Greeklish" title="Greeklish">Greeklish</a></li> <li>Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Greek">Judeo-Greek</a></li> <li>Turkish <a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Greek" title="Cappadocian Greek">Cappadocian Greek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hebrew</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arabic languages <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Arabic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Arabic languages">Judeo-Arabic languages</a></li> <li>Aramaic languages <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Aramaic_languages" title="Judeo-Aramaic languages">Judeo-Aramaic languages</a></li> <li>Iranian languages <a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Iranian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaeo-Iranian languages">Judaeo-Iranian languages</a></li> <li>Romance languages <a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Romance_languages" title="Judaeo-Romance languages">Judaeo-Romance languages</a> <ul><li>German <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li>Spanish <a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judaeo-Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haketia" title="Haketia">Haketia</a></li></ul></li> <li>English <a href="/wiki/Heblish" class="mw-redirect" title="Heblish">Heblish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yinglish" class="mw-redirect" title="Yinglish">Yinglish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeshivish" title="Yeshivish">Yeshivish</a></li> <li>Georgian <a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Georgian" title="Judaeo-Georgian">Judaeo-Georgian</a></li> <li>Malayalam <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Malayalam" title="Judeo-Malayalam">Judeo-Malayalam</a></li> <li>Tatar <a href="/wiki/Karaim_language" title="Karaim language">Karaim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krymchak_language" title="Krymchak language">Krymchak</a></li> <li>Slavic <a href="/wiki/Knaanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Knaanic">Knaanic</a></li> <li>Greek <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Greek">Yevanic</a></li> <li>Indic <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Marathi" title="Judeo-Marathi">Judeo-Marathi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>English <a href="/wiki/Itanglese" title="Itanglese">Itanglese</a></li> <li>Spanish <a href="/wiki/Cocoliche" title="Cocoliche">Cocoliche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lunfardo" title="Lunfardo">Lunfardo</a></li> <li>Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Macarr%C3%B4nico" class="mw-redirect" title="Macarrônico">Macaronic Portuguese</a></li> <li>Croatian <a href="/wiki/Fiuman_dialect" title="Fiuman dialect">Fiuman dialect</a></li> <li>Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Italian" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Italian">Judeo-Italian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japanese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>English <a href="/wiki/Engrish" title="Engrish">Engrish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wasei-eigo" title="Wasei-eigo">Wasei-eigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonin_English" title="Bonin English">Bonin English</a></li> <li>Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Dekasegi#Language" title="Dekasegi">Dekasegi Portuguese</a></li> <li>French <a href="/wiki/Franponais" class="mw-redirect" title="Franponais">Franponais</a></li> <li>Chinese <a href="/wiki/Kyowa-go" title="Kyowa-go">Kyowa-go</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malay</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malay_trade_and_creole_languages" title="Malay trade and creole languages">Malay trade and creole languages</a></li> <li>English+Chinese+Tamil <a href="/wiki/Singlish" title="Singlish">Singlish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manglish" title="Manglish">Manglish</a></li> <li>Chinese <a href="/wiki/Malay_trade_and_creole_languages#Baba_Malay" title="Malay trade and creole languages">Baba Malay</a></li> <li>Chinese+Javanese+Sundanese+Arabic+Dutch <a href="/wiki/Betawi_language" title="Betawi language">Betawi</a></li> <li>Sinhalese+Tamil <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Malay_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Malay language">Sri Lankan Malay</a></li> <li>Ternate <a href="/wiki/Manado_Malay" title="Manado Malay">Manado Malay</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Moluccan_Malay" title="North Moluccan Malay">North Moluccan Malay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambonese_Malay" title="Ambonese Malay">Ambonese Malay</a></li> <li>Dutch <a href="/wiki/Petjo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Petjo language">Petjo</a></li> <li>Makassarese <a href="/wiki/Makassar_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Makassar Malay">Makassar Malay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portuguese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Spanish <a href="/wiki/Portu%C3%B1ol" title="Portuñol">Portuñol/Portunhol</a></li> <li>English <a href="/wiki/Porglish" title="Porglish">Porglish/Portuglish</a></li> <li>Italian languages <a href="/wiki/Macarr%C3%B4nico" class="mw-redirect" title="Macarrônico">Macaronic Portuguese</a></li> <li>Bengali <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Portuguese_creole" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Portuguese creole">Bengali Portuguese</a></li> <li>Japanese <a href="/wiki/Dekasegi#Language" title="Dekasegi">Dekasegi Portuguese</a></li> <li>Gallo-Italic languages <a href="/wiki/Talian_dialect" title="Talian dialect">Talian</a> (when Portuguese-influenced)</li> <li>Hunsrückisch German <a href="/wiki/Riograndenser_Hunsr%C3%BCckisch_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Riograndenser Hunsrückisch German">Hunsrik</a> (when Portuguese-influenced)</li> <li>Bantu languages <a href="/wiki/Cafund%C3%B3_language" title="Cafundó language">Cafundó dialect</a> (<span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">cupópia</i></span>), <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gira_da_Tabatinga" class="extiw" title="pt:Gira da Tabatinga">Gira da Tabatinga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalunga" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalunga">Kalunga</a></li> <li>Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Portuguese" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Portuguese">Judeo-Portuguese</a></li> <li>Southeast Asian languages <a href="/wiki/Macanese_Patois" title="Macanese Patois">Macanese Patois</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>German <a href="/wiki/German-Russian_macaronic_language" title="German-Russian macaronic language">Deutschrussisch</a></li> <li>Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Surzhyk" title="Surzhyk">Surzhyk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balachka" title="Balachka">Balachka</a></li> <li>Belarusian <a href="/wiki/Trasianka" title="Trasianka">Trasianka</a></li> <li>Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Russenorsk" title="Russenorsk">Russenorsk</a></li> <li>English <a href="/wiki/Runglish" title="Runglish">Runglish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solombala_English" title="Solombala English">Solombala English</a></li> <li>Chinese <a href="/wiki/Kyakhta_Russian%E2%80%93Chinese_Pidgin" title="Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin">Kyakhta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scandinavian<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Danish+English <a href="/wiki/Danglish" title="Danglish">Danglish</a></li> <li>Norwegian+Russian <a href="/wiki/Russenorsk" title="Russenorsk">Russenorsk</a></li> <li>Norwegian+Spanish <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norspa%C3%B1ol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norspañol (page does not exist)">Norspañol</a></li> <li>Norwegian+Swedish <a href="/wiki/Svorsk" title="Svorsk">Svorsk</a></li> <li>Swedish+English <a href="/wiki/Swenglish" title="Swenglish">Swenglish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spanish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Portu%C3%B1ol" title="Portuñol">Portuñol/Portunhol</a></li> <li>German <a href="/wiki/Belgranodeutsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgranodeutsch">Belgranodeutsch</a></li> <li>English <a href="/wiki/Spanglish" title="Spanglish">Spanglish</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Llanito</a></li> <li>Italian languages <a href="/wiki/Cocoliche" title="Cocoliche">Cocoliche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lunfardo" title="Lunfardo">Lunfardo</a></li> <li>Gallo-Italic languages <a href="/wiki/Chipilo_Venetian_dialect" title="Chipilo Venetian dialect">Chipilo</a></li> <li>Galician <a href="/wiki/Castrapo" title="Castrapo">Castrapo</a></li> <li>French <a href="/wiki/Frespa%C3%B1ol" title="Frespañol">Frespañol/Fragnol</a></li> <li>Guarani <a href="/wiki/Jopar%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Jopará">Jopará</a></li> <li>Norwegian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norspa%C3%B1ol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norspañol (page does not exist)">Norspañol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tahitian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Te_Parau_Tinito" title="Te Parau Tinito">Te Parau Tinito</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tagalog</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chinese+English <a href="/wiki/Hokaglish" title="Hokaglish">Hokaglish</a></li> <li>English <a href="/wiki/Taglish" title="Taglish">Taglish</a>/Englog</li> <li>Visayan <a href="/wiki/Bisalog" title="Bisalog">Bisalog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>English <a href="/wiki/Turklish" title="Turklish">Turklish</a></li> <li>Greek <a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Greek" title="Cappadocian Greek">Cappadocian Greek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukrainian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Belarusian <a href="/wiki/West_Polesian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="West Polesian dialect">West Polesian</a></li> <li>English <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Ukrainian" title="Canadian Ukrainian">Canadian Ukrainian</a></li> <li>Polish <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%82ak_jargon" title="Bałak jargon">Balak</a></li> <li>Russian <a href="/wiki/Surzhyk" title="Surzhyk">Surzhyk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balachka" title="Balachka">Balachka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yiddish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>English <a href="/wiki/Heblish" class="mw-redirect" title="Heblish">Heblish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yinglish" class="mw-redirect" title="Yinglish">Yinglish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeshivish" title="Yeshivish">Yeshivish</a></li> <li>Scots <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Scotland#"Scots-Yiddish"" title="History of the Jews in Scotland">Scots Yiddish</a></li> <li>German <a href="/wiki/Lachoudisch" title="Lachoudisch">Lachoudisch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dialects_and_varieties_of_Spanish_by_continent242" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_dialects_and_varieties" title="Template:Spanish dialects and varieties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spanish_dialects_and_varieties" title="Template talk:Spanish dialects and varieties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish_dialects_and_varieties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish dialects and varieties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dialects_and_varieties_of_Spanish_by_continent242" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_dialects_and_varieties" title="Spanish dialects and varieties">Dialects and varieties</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> by continent</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center">Africa and Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_Spanish" title="Canarian Spanish">Canarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatoguinean_Spanish" title="Equatoguinean Spanish">Equatoguinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Spanish" title="Philippine Spanish">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saharan_Spanish" title="Saharan Spanish">Saharan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center">Americas<br />(<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_Americas" title="Spanish language in the Americas">Interamerican</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Spanish" title="Caribbean Spanish">Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Spanish" title="Cuban Spanish">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Spanish" title="Dominican Spanish">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_Spanish" title="Panamanian Spanish">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Spanish" title="Puerto Rican Spanish">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_Spanish" title="Trinidadian Spanish">Trinidadian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Spanish" title="Central American Spanish">Central America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_Spanish" title="Belizean Spanish">Belizean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_Spanish" title="Costa Rican Spanish">Costa Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Spanish" title="Guatemalan Spanish">Guatemalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_Spanish" title="Honduran Spanish">Honduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Spanish" title="Nicaraguan Spanish">Nicaraguan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pachuco#Costa_Rica" title="Pachuco">Pachuco</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Spanish" title="Salvadoran Spanish">Salvadoran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/North_American_Spanish" title="North American Spanish">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_United_States" title="Spanish language in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cal%C3%B3_(Chicano)" title="Caló (Chicano)"><i>Caló</i> <small>(<i>Chicano</i>)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_California" title="Spanish language in California">Californian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1o_Spanish" title="Isleño Spanish">Isleño</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_Spanish" title="New Mexican Spanish">New Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabine_River_Spanish" title="Sabine River Spanish">Sabine River</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Spanish" title="Mexican Spanish">Mexican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_South_America" title="Spanish language in South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazonic_Spanish" title="Amazonic Spanish">Amazonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Spanish" title="Andean Spanish">Andean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Spanish" title="Bolivian Spanish">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Spanish" title="Chilean Spanish">Chilean</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chilote_Spanish" title="Chilote Spanish">Chilote</a></i> <ul><li><small>Chiloé Archipelago</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Spanish" title="Colombian Spanish">Colombian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cordob%C3%A9s_Spanish" title="Cordobés Spanish">Cordobés</a></i> <ul><li><small>Central Argentina</small></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cuyo_Spanish" title="Cuyo Spanish">Cuyano</a></i> <ul><li><small>Central western Argentina</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Spanish" title="Ecuadorian Spanish">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Spanish" title="Equatorial Spanish">Equatorial</a></i> <ul><li><small>Coastal Ecuador</small></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Llanero_Spanish" title="Llanero Spanish">Llanero</a></i> <ul><li><small>Los Llanos Colombia/Venezuela</small></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maracucho_Spanish" title="Maracucho Spanish">Maracucho</a></i> <ul><li><small>Zulia State</small></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paisa_Region#Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Paisa Region">Paisa</a></i> <ul><li><small>Paisa Region</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_Spanish" title="Paraguayan Spanish">Paraguayan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Spanish#Pastuso_dialect" title="Colombian Spanish">Pastuso</a></i> <ul><li><small>Colombia-Ecuador border</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Spanish" title="Peruvian Spanish">Peruvian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Ribere%C3%B1o_Spanish" title="Peruvian Ribereño Spanish">Ribereño</a></i> <ul><li><small>Coastal Peru</small></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rioplatense_Spanish" title="Rioplatense Spanish">Rioplatense</a></i> <ul><li><small>Coastal Argentina</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Spanish" title="Uruguayan Spanish">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Spanish" title="Venezuelan Spanish">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center">Europe<br />(<a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Spanish" title="Peninsular Spanish">Peninsular</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_Spanish" title="Andalusian Spanish">Andalusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_Spanish" title="Canarian Spanish">Canarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castilian_Spanish" title="Castilian Spanish">Castilian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Castrapo" title="Castrapo">Castrapo</a></i> <small>(Galicia)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cast%C3%BAo" title="Castúo">Castúo</a></i> <small>(Extremadura)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murcian_Spanish" title="Murcian Spanish">Murcian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_features_of_Spanish_as_spoken_by_Catalan_speakers" title="Linguistic features of Spanish as spoken by Catalan speakers">spoken by Catalan speakers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Spanish" title="Standard Spanish">Standard</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Llanito</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judaeo-Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haketia" title="Haketia">Haketia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetuani_Ladino" title="Tetuani Ladino">Tetuani Ladino</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cal%C3%B3_language" title="Caló language">Caló</a></i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Para-Romani" title="Para-Romani">Para-Romani</a>)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spanglish" title="Spanglish">Spanglish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palenquero" title="Palenquero">Palenquero</a></i> <small>(creole)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chavacano" title="Chavacano">Chavacano</a></i> <small>(creole)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Media_Lengua" title="Media Lengua">Media Lengua</a></i> <small>(mixed language)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento">Papiamento</a></i> <small>(Portuguese-based creole with Spanish influence)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center">Extinct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cocoliche" title="Cocoliche">Cocoliche</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Lunfardo" title="Lunfardo">Lunfardo</a></i> <ul><li><small>Coastal Argentina, Uruguay</small></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malesp%C3%ADn" title="Malespín">Malespín</a></i> <ul><li><small>Central America</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozal_Spanish" title="Bozal Spanish">Bozal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gibraltar_topics509" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gibraltar_topics" title="Template:Gibraltar topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gibraltar_topics" title="Template talk:Gibraltar topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gibraltar_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gibraltar topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gibraltar_topics509" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History509" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Gibraltar" title="History of Gibraltar">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neanderthals_in_Gibraltar" title="Neanderthals in Gibraltar">Neanderthals in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_history_of_Gibraltar" title="Timeline of the history of Gibraltar">Timeline</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_sieges_of_Gibraltar" title="List of sieges of Gibraltar">sieges</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Hercules" title="Pillars of Hercules">Pillars of Hercules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Siege_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="First Siege of Gibraltar">First Siege of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gibraltar_(1607)" title="Battle of Gibraltar (1607)">Battle of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Gibraltar" title="Capture of Gibraltar">Capture of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rooke" title="George Rooke">George Rooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Utrecht">Treaty of Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Siege_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar">Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Gibraltar" title="Great Siege of Gibraltar">Great Siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Augustus_Eliott,_1st_Baron_Heathfield" title="George Augustus Eliott, 1st Baron Heathfield">George Augustus Eliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_real" title="Gibraltar real">Gibraltar real <span style="font-size: 85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Gibraltar_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Gibraltar during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_nationality_in_Gibraltar" title="History of nationality in Gibraltar">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Genoese_in_Gibraltar" title="History of the Genoese in Gibraltar">Genoese in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Maltese_in_Gibraltar" title="History of the Maltese in Gibraltar">Maltese in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explosion_of_the_RFA_Bedenham" title="Explosion of the RFA Bedenham">Explosion of the RFA <i>Bedenham</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Flavius" title="Operation Flavius">Operation Flavius</a> (<a href="/wiki/Death_on_the_Rock" title="Death on the Rock">Death on the Rock</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Aurora_(2000)#2003:_Norwalk_virus_breakout" title="MV Aurora (2000)"><i>Aurora</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_New_Flame" title="MV New Flame"><i>New Flame</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Fedra" title="MV Fedra"><i>Fedra</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gibraltar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gibraltar">COVID-19</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography509" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Gibraltar">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Gibraltar" title="Climate of Gibraltar">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Geology of the Iberian Peninsula">Geology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores%E2%80%93Gibraltar_transform_fault" title="Azores–Gibraltar transform fault">Azores–Gibraltar transform fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Arc" title="Gibraltar Arc">Gibraltar Arc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">Environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Gibraltar" title="List of birds of Gibraltar">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Gibraltar" title="List of mammals of Gibraltar">Mammals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_macaques_in_Gibraltar" title="Barbary macaques in Gibraltar">Barbary macaques</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_amphibians_and_reptiles_of_Gibraltar" title="List of amphibians and reptiles of Gibraltar">Reptiles and amphibians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberis_gibraltarica" title="Iberis gibraltarica">Candytuft <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<i>Iberis gibraltarica</i>)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Botanic_Gardens" title="Gibraltar Botanic Gardens">Botanic Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Ornithological_%26_Natural_History_Society" title="Gibraltar Ornithological & Natural History Society">Ornithological & Natural History Society (GONHS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alameda_Wildlife_Conservation_Park" title="Alameda Wildlife Conservation Park">Wildlife Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Natural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Gibraltar" title="Bay of Gibraltar">Bay of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Bay" title="Catalan Bay">Catalan Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Beach,_Gibraltar" title="Eastern Beach, Gibraltar">Eastern Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorham%27s_Cave" title="Gorham's Cave">Gorham's Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_of_Gibraltar" title="Rock of Gibraltar">Rock of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Cave" title="St. Michael's Cave">St. Michael's Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Bay,_Gibraltar" title="Sandy Bay, Gibraltar">Sandy Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar" title="Strait of Gibraltar">Strait of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Cave" title="Vanguard Cave">Vanguard Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windmill_Hill_(Gibraltar)" title="Windmill Hill (Gibraltar)">Windmill Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Built</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Hotel,_Gibraltar" title="Bristol Hotel, Gibraltar">Bristol Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_City_Hall" title="Gibraltar City Hall">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Convent_(Gibraltar)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Convent (Gibraltar)">The Convent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrison_Library" title="Garrison Library">Garrison Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George_V_Hospital_(Gibraltar)" title="King George V Hospital (Gibraltar)">King George V Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_Castle" title="Moorish Castle">Moorish Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rock_Hotel" title="The Rock Hotel">The Rock Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Bernard%27s_Hospital" title="St Bernard's Hospital">St. Bernard's Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics_and_Government509" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Gibraltar" title="Politics of Gibraltar">Politics and Government</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Gibraltar" title="Constitution of Gibraltar">Constitution Order</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Constitution_Order_1969" title="Gibraltar Constitution Order 1969">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Constitution_Order_2006" title="Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006">2006</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Gibraltar" title="Law of Gibraltar">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Gibraltar" title="Judiciary of Gibraltar">court system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Gibraltar">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_passport_(Gibraltar)" title="British passport (Gibraltar)">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_development_in_modern_Gibraltar" title="Political development in modern Gibraltar">Political development in modern Gibraltar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Gibraltar" title="Chief Minister of Gibraltar">Chief Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Gibraltar" title="Governor of Gibraltar">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Gibraltar" title="Mayor of Gibraltar">Mayor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">Political issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Swan_Project" title="Black Swan Project">Black Swan Project controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disputed_status_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Disputed status of Gibraltar">Disputed status</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disputed_status_of_the_isthmus_between_Gibraltar_and_Spain" title="Disputed status of the isthmus between Gibraltar and Spain">isthmus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Gibraltar" title="Elections in Gibraltar">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Gibraltar_general_election" title="2007 Gibraltar general election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Gibraltar_general_election" title="2011 Gibraltar general election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Gibraltar_general_election" title="2015 Gibraltar general election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Gibraltar_general_election" title="2019 Gibraltar general election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Gibraltar_general_election" title="2023 Gibraltar general election">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Parliament" title="Gibraltar Parliament">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Gibraltar_Parliament" title="Speaker of the Gibraltar Parliament">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Gibraltar" title="List of political parties in Gibraltar">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty referendums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1967_Gibraltar_sovereignty_referendum" title="1967 Gibraltar sovereignty referendum">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Gibraltar_sovereignty_referendum" title="2002 Gibraltar sovereignty referendum">2002</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">EU referendum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Referendum)_Act_2016_(Gibraltar)" title="European Union (Referendum) Act 2016 (Gibraltar)">European Union (Referendum) Act 2016 (Gibraltar)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Gibraltar">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Gibraltar" title="British Forces Gibraltar">British Forces Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Defence_Police" title="Gibraltar Defence Police">Gibraltar Defence Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Squadron" title="Gibraltar Squadron">Gibraltar Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napier_of_Magdala_Battery" title="Napier of Magdala Battery">Napier of Magdala Battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Gibraltar" title="RAF Gibraltar">RAF Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Police" title="Royal Gibraltar Police">Royal Gibraltar Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment" title="Royal Gibraltar Regiment">Royal Gibraltar Regiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy509" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Gibraltar" title="Economy of Gibraltar">Economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Gibraltar" title="List of banks in Gibraltar">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_pound" title="Gibraltar pound">Gibraltar pound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Gibraltar_pound" class="mw-redirect" title="Coins of the Gibraltar pound">coins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Stock_Exchange" title="Gibraltar Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Gibraltar" title="Taxation in Gibraltar">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Gibraltar" title="Tourism in Gibraltar">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Gibraltar" title="Communications in Gibraltar">Communications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.gi" title=".gi">.gi <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Internet domain)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation">Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Chronicle" title="Gibraltar Chronicle">Gibraltar Chronicle</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibtelecom" title="Gibtelecom">Gibtelecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panorama_(Gibraltar)" title="Panorama (Gibraltar)">Panorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Regulatory_Authority" title="Gibraltar Regulatory Authority">Regulatory Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Post_Office" title="Royal Gibraltar Post Office">Royal Gibraltar Post Office</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Gibraltar" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Gibraltar">postage stamps and history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_orders_of_Gibraltar" title="Postal orders of Gibraltar">postal orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Study_Circle" title="Gibraltar Study Circle">Study Circle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Gibraltar" title="Telephone numbers in Gibraltar">Telephone numbers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Gibraltar" title="Transport in Gibraltar">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_International_Airport" title="Gibraltar International Airport">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Cable_Car" title="Gibraltar Cable Car">Cable car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar%E2%80%93Spain_border" title="Gibraltar–Spain border">Gibraltar–Spain border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_in_Gibraltar" title="Shipping in Gibraltar">Shipping in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Gibraltar" title="Vehicle registration plates of Gibraltar">Vehicle registration plates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture509" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Gibraltar" title="Culture of Gibraltar">Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Gibraltar" title="Education in Gibraltar">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayside_Comprehensive_School" title="Bayside Comprehensive School">Bayside Comprehensive School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westside_School,_Gibraltar" title="Westside School, Gibraltar">Westside School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Gibraltar" title="University of Gibraltar">University of Gibraltar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Gibraltar" title="Miss Gibraltar">Miss Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Gibraltar" title="Music of Gibraltar">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ll%C3%A9vame_Donde_Nac%C3%AD" title="Llévame Donde Nací">Llévame Donde Nací</a></li></ul></li> <li>Gibraltar Fair</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_National_Day" title="Gibraltar National Day">National Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Gibraltar" title="Public holidays in Gibraltar">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_and_Guiding_in_Gibraltar" title="Scouting and Guiding in Gibraltar">Scouting and Guiding in Gibraltar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Gibraltar" title="Demographics of Gibraltar">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarians" title="Gibraltarians">Gibraltarians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gibraltarians" title="List of Gibraltarians">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Gibraltarians in the United Kingdom">in the UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_status" title="Gibraltarian status">Gibraltarian status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Gibraltar" title="Languages of Gibraltar">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Llanito</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Gibraltar">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Christianity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Anglicanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_in_Europe" title="Diocese in Europe">Diocese in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_in_Europe" title="Bishop in Europe">Bishop diocesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffragan_Bishop_in_Europe" title="Suffragan Bishop in Europe">Bishop suffragan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Trinity,_Gibraltar" title="Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Gibraltar">Cathedral of the Holy Trinity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_Church,_Gibraltar" title="St Andrew's Church, Gibraltar">St. Andrew's Church <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Church of Scotland)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Methodist_Church" title="Gibraltar Methodist Church">Methodism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Gibraltar">Roman Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Gibraltar" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Gibraltar">Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Bishop_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Bishop of Gibraltar">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._Mary_the_Crowned" title="Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned">Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Europe" title="Our Lady of Europe">Our Lady of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Our_Lady_of_Europe" title="Shrine of Our Lady of Europe">Shrine of Our Lady of Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Cemetery" title="Trafalgar Cemetery">Trafalgar Cemetery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Other faiths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Gibraltar" title="Hinduism in Gibraltar">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Gibraltar" title="Islam in Gibraltar">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim_Mosque" title="Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque">Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Gibraltar" title="History of the Jews in Gibraltar">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Synagogue_(Gibraltar)" title="Great Synagogue (Gibraltar)">Great Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogues_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Synagogues of Gibraltar">other synagogues</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Gibraltar" title="Sport in Gibraltar">Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_sport8" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:4.4em;font-weight:normal;">By sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltar national basketball team">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Cricket_Association" title="Gibraltar Cricket Association">Cricket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_national_cricket_team" title="Gibraltar national cricket team">national team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Cycling_Association" title="Gibraltar Cycling Association">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Hockey_Association" title="Gibraltar Hockey Association">Field hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_men%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="Gibraltar men's national field hockey team">national team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Gibraltar" title="Football in Gibraltar">Football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Football_Association" title="Gibraltar Football Association">Football Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_national_football_team" title="Gibraltar national football team">national team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Gibraltar" title="Rugby union in Gibraltar">Rugby union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_national_rugby_union_team" title="Gibraltar national rugby union team">national team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Barbarians_Rugby_Club" title="Gibraltar Barbarians Rugby Club">Campo Gibraltar RUFC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_at_the_Commonwealth_Games" title="Gibraltar at the Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Island_Games_Association" title="International Island Games Association">Island Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_records_in_athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltarian records in athletics">Records in athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Stadium,_Gibraltar" title="Victoria Stadium, Gibraltar">Victoria Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Anthem" title="Gibraltar Anthem">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Gibraltar" title="Coat of arms of Gibraltar">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Gibraltar" title="Flag of Gibraltar">Official flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="List of flags of Gibraltar">other flags</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" 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