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【民俗风情】河曲:古坛发酵酸粥,米粒灿灿,浆液甘酸_糜米_内蒙古_米汤

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</span> <div class="area"><span>发布于:</span><span>山西省</span></div> </div> </div> <article class="article" id="mp-editor"> <!-- 政务处理 --> <p><span style="font-size: 20px;">河曲酸粥名扬省内外,是山西省忻州市河曲县的特色美食,是河曲人一年四季断不了的早饭,而在内蒙古的包头、薛家湾、沙圪堵、鄂尔斯等周边县旗,河曲人开的饭馆里也都卖酸粥。河曲县位于山西、陕西、内蒙古能源金三角的中心地带,有说法称以前走西口的时候,无数山西人背井离乡前往内蒙古垦荒经商,就是从河曲县的西口古渡通过黄河去到了内蒙古。在走西口的过程中,人口的流动给内蒙古带去了不同的饮食文化,改变了内蒙古的饮食结构。酸粥跟着河曲人民的脚步一块走进了内蒙古,成为广泛流传的美味,这也使得酸粥的吃法变化样,但无论去到哪里,万变不离其宗的就是酸粥的制作方法。</span></p> <p><img width="640" data-src="ungULKxG7fZmEmAzXqIZ5MmJ5ULT+qz1crB9Zo+mUNOIEawssgXDV52JoNW8os2BwTDeDsIkYRlb8pLRnuLZIJWyhI1K3SVB1pyZuCzqhpQ=" /></p> <p><span style="font-size: 16px;">河曲酸粥(图片来源于网络)</span></p> <p>据说河曲酸粥的制作与李自成起义有关。老百姓为了迎接路过河曲的李自成大军,便泡了许米,但大军临时改变路线,老百姓泡的米一时半会儿吃不完,放的时间长了就发了酸。老百姓舍不得扔掉,就用发了酸的米煮成粥吃,却意外地发现发酸了的米煮的粥口味更佳,于是人们便用这种方法来制作酸粥。</p> <p>制作酸粥的工艺相对繁琐,但每一步都至关重要。首先,主料一定要选用优质的糜米。河曲人对选择优质的糜米有一套自己的方法。河曲农谚说“锄搂八遍,八米二糠”。锄搂过的糜黍出米高,耐熬,能做出饭,所以做酸粥选择的糜米一般是经过次锄搂后的糜米。糜米选好之后,再掺入大米以及少量的糯米、玉米糁子、小米。大体上,糜米、大米各占45%,以均衡营养,提升口感。河曲人做酸粥主要用当地生产的硬黍米,糜米是河曲的一种土特产,糜子的生长不选择地势,也不苛求水肥,即使在陡峭、贫瘠的山地上亦能顽强生长。当遇上特大干旱的时候,它能忍受别的作物无法忍受的煎熬。这种谷物自带天然的香气,能够增加酸粥的风味。过去,农民们常说:“糜子只要捉了苗就有一半收成”。正因如此,以糜子为主要原料的酸饭也被人们称为“救命饭”。</p> <p><img width="640" data-src="BFGeRMHWSh+ecBDsaViLjcmJ5ULT+qz1crB9Zo+mUNM0cVabV+2YM+p6hKH5/DFVg90BeO6rYrPPVyND4x44iqNn3KcgzdRBasDVV8He0OY=" /></p> <p><span style="font-size: 16px;">酸粥制作的原料(图片来源于网络)</span></p> <p><strong><span style="font-size: 20px;">酸粥虽看起来简单,但是要想做好却不容易,其关键诀窍在于“浆”。今天河曲酸饭所用的浆水,是将糜米放入温热的水中浸泡后,经过几天发酵制成的酸浆。在发酵过程中,要注意温度和时间,以免浆汤发老酸、臭酸或温度超高导致浆汤发白皮而不能食用。这就需要在发酵的过程中不时用筷子搅拌几下,使发酵均匀。在搅动的过程中,一定要注意使用干净的筷子,浆米罐子不能掺杂一点荤腥,不然会影响酸粥整体的风味。有经验的老人通过打开浆米罐,闻一下浆水的味道便知道是否发酵到位了,有时也通过水面上冒出的气泡来判断是否发酵好了。发酵好之后,先倒出浆水,以备后用,这时可以看到缸底的糜米等杂粮色泽鲜亮,倒出时会轻微拉丝。</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span style="font-size: 20px;">经过浸泡、磨浆、发酵等工序后,准备工作基本完成。之后就开始煮酸粥了,在煮酸粥时讲究的是火候,叫作“紧火捞饭慢火粥,加大灶火熬稀粥”。先把锅里的水用大火烧开,把浆米罐里浆好的糜米用漏勺捞起后下到锅里。在浆水中浸泡后的糜米,原本质地紧实的表皮变得柔软,用一两分钟的猛火煮即可,待米汤由清亮变得微微有些“浑浊”时,将火稍调小一些,米稍开花、三分生七分熟时加盖,再把火调更小些。当火调成慢火时,便开始不停地在锅里搅拌,以确保粥的均匀和口感,大约十几分钟后,直至米熟且汤汁丰富,酸粥就做好了。有时,起锅煮粥的过程中,河曲人会把煮米的汤再舀回到浆米罐里一部分,与原先浆米时剩余的浆米汤混合在一起,为下次浆米做准备。重复几次之后,浆米汤的味道越来越酸香醇厚,所浆的米,做成的酸粥酸香满口。</span></strong></p> <p><img width="640" data-src="ungULKxG7fZmEmAzXqIZ5MmJ5ULT+qz1crB9Zo+mUNOaB58uSeBXmBL0XkSnO8wMpUNEryNEu2e9Dm50wyhqCItgi/kFfQWMBhcRT6coplQ=" /></p> <p><span style="font-size: 16px;">煮好的酸粥(图片来源于网络)</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 20px;">不同种类的河曲酸粥,大致做法都一样。而在生活中,河曲人根据烹煮方式及食用的口感不同,河曲酸粥又延伸出了不同的品种,有河曲酸米饭、酸稀粥、酸捞饭、酸米汤。在食用过程中更是加入了各种不同的配菜,形成了各式各样的酸粥。河曲地区常见的几种酸粥有山药酸粥、葫芦酸粥、红薯酸粥。不同的吃法,味道截然不同,把酸粥配上红腌菜和煮菜吃,入口咸香;拌着炝好的芝麻油或胡麻油葱花炒着吃,酸粥的酸爽搭配佐料使得香味更加诱人。此外,还有用辣椒菜抹酸粥、烧茄子抹酸粥、烂腌菜配酸粥等吃法,都很入味。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 20px;">河曲酸粥的酸味与山西醋的酸味或食物发馊后的酸臭味不同,这种酸味是一种独特的、令人闻起来就食欲大增的酸味。酸粥的酸味带有小米或糜米的清香,吃起来润滑爽口,风味独特,让人念念不忘。此外,酸粥中还含有丰富的蛋白质、膳食纤维、维生素、乳酸菌等营养成分,可以生津止渴,消食健胃,清凉泻火,有助于脾胃消化和降低胆固醇。口感独特,具有丰富的营养价值和种功效。河曲民谣中唱道:“寺鄢的糜米,唐家会的蒜,五花城的姑娘不用看。”正是在说,常吃酸粥的姑娘,脸色红润,皮肤细嫩光滑,惹人怜爱。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 20px;">如今,随着乡村振兴战略的实施,人们的生活越来越好了,选择也变得更加样化,然而就是“酸罐子”倒不了。老一辈的河曲人依然保持着早饭吃酸粥的习惯,喝上一碗酸米汤,一天不饥不渴,精神倍增,也不觉得疲劳和困乏。此外,河曲酸粥也成了当地的一种特色礼品,广受消费者欢迎。许游客在品尝过这种美食后,都会带一些回去给亲朋好友品尝。河曲酸粥也成了当地旅游资源的一部分,为当地经济发展做出了贡献。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 20px;">来源:村主任杂志</span></p> <p><strong><span style="font-size: 20px;">点</span></strong></p> <p>击</p> <p>关</p> <p>注<a href="//www.sohu.com/?strategyid=00001 " target="_blank" title="点击进入搜狐首页" id="backsohucom" style="white-space: nowrap;"><span class="backword"><i class="backsohu"></i>返回搜狐,查看更多</span></a></p> <!-- 政务账号添加来源标示处理 --> <!-- 政务账号添加来源标示处理 --> <p data-role="editor-name">责任编辑:<span></span></p> </article> <div id="articleTransfer"><transfer/></div> <!-- 评论禁言通知 --> <div 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