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composable, multi-platform, Future-based API for HTTP requests.</p><p class="detail-lead-more"><a class="detail-metadata-toggle">More...</a></p></div></div><div class="detail-body"><div class="detail-tabs"><div class="detail-tabs-wide-header"><div class="detail-container"><ul class="detail-tabs-header"><li class="detail-tab tab-button detail-tab-readme-title -active">Readme</li><li class="detail-tab tab-link detail-tab-changelog-title"><a href="/packages/http/changelog" role="button">Changelog</a></li><li class="detail-tab tab-link detail-tab-example-title"><a href="/packages/http/example" role="button">Example</a></li><li class="detail-tab tab-link detail-tab-installing-title"><a href="/packages/http/install" role="button">Installing</a></li><li class="detail-tab tab-link detail-tab-versions-title"><a href="/packages/http/versions" role="button">Versions</a></li><li class="detail-tab tab-link detail-tab-analysis-title"><a href="/packages/http/score" role="button">Scores</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="detail-container detail-body-main"><div class="detail-tabs-content"><section class="tab-content detail-tab-readme-content -active markdown-body"><p><a href="https://pub.dev/packages/http"><img src="https://img.shields.io/pub/v/http.svg" alt="pub package"></a> <a href="https://pub.dev/packages/http/publisher"><img src="https://img.shields.io/pub/publisher/http.svg" alt="package publisher"></a></p> <p>A composable, Future-based library for making HTTP requests.</p> <p>This package contains a set of high-level functions and classes that make it easy to consume HTTP resources. It's multi-platform (mobile, desktop, and browser) and supports multiple implementations.</p> <h2 class="hash-header" id="using">Using <a href="#using" class="hash-link">#</a></h2> <p>The easiest way to use this library is via the top-level functions. They allow you to make individual HTTP requests with minimal hassle:</p> <pre><code class="language-dart">import 'package:http/http.dart' as http; var url = Uri.https('example.com', 'whatsit/create'); var response = await http.post(url, body: {'name': 'doodle', 'color': 'blue'}); print('Response status: ${response.statusCode}'); print('Response body: ${response.body}'); print(await http.read(Uri.https('example.com', 'foobar.txt'))); </code></pre> <div class="markdown-alert markdown-alert-note"> <p class="markdown-alert-title">Note</p> <p>Flutter applications may require <a href="https://docs.flutter.dev/data-and-backend/networking#platform-notes" rel="ugc">additional configuration</a> to make HTTP requests.</p> </div> <p>If you're making multiple requests to the same server, you can keep open a persistent connection by using a <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/http/Client-class.html">Client</a> rather than making one-off requests. If you do this, make sure to close the client when you're done:</p> <pre><code class="language-dart">var client = http.Client(); try { var response = await client.post( Uri.https('example.com', 'whatsit/create'), body: {'name': 'doodle', 'color': 'blue'}); var decodedResponse = jsonDecode(utf8.decode(response.bodyBytes)) as Map; var uri = Uri.parse(decodedResponse['uri'] as String); print(await client.get(uri)); } finally { client.close(); } </code></pre> <div class="markdown-alert markdown-alert-tip"> <p class="markdown-alert-title">Tip</p> <p>For detailed background information and practical usage examples, see:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://dart.dev/tutorials/server/fetch-data">Dart Development: Fetch data from the internet</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.flutter.dev/cookbook/networking/fetch-data" rel="ugc">Flutter Cookbook: Fetch data from the internet</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/dart-lang/http/tree/master/pkgs/flutter_http_example" rel="ugc">The Flutter HTTP example application</a></li> </ul> </div> <p>You can also exert more fine-grained control over your requests and responses by creating <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/http/Request-class.html">Request</a> or <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/http/StreamedRequest-class.html">StreamedRequest</a> objects yourself and passing them to <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/http/Client/send.html">Client.send</a>.</p> <p>This package is designed to be composable. This makes it easy for external libraries to work with one another to add behavior to it. Libraries wishing to add behavior should create a subclass of <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/http/BaseClient-class.html">BaseClient</a> that wraps another <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/http/Client-class.html">Client</a> and adds the desired behavior:</p> <pre><code class="language-dart">class UserAgentClient extends http.BaseClient { final String userAgent; final http.Client _inner; UserAgentClient(this.userAgent, this._inner); Future<http.StreamedResponse> send(http.BaseRequest request) { request.headers['user-agent'] = userAgent; return _inner.send(request); } } </code></pre> <h2 class="hash-header" id="retrying-requests">Retrying requests <a href="#retrying-requests" class="hash-link">#</a></h2> <p><code>package:http/retry.dart</code> provides a class <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/retry/RetryClient-class.html"><code>RetryClient</code></a> to wrap an underlying <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/http/Client-class.html"><code>http.Client</code></a> which transparently retries failing requests.</p> <pre><code class="language-dart">import 'package:http/http.dart' as http; import 'package:http/retry.dart'; Future<void> main() async { final client = RetryClient(http.Client()); try { print(await client.read(Uri.http('example.org', ''))); } finally { client.close(); } } </code></pre> <p>By default, this retries any request whose response has status code 503 Temporary Failure up to three retries. It waits 500ms before the first retry, and increases the delay by 1.5x each time. All of this can be customized using the <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/retry/RetryClient/RetryClient.html"><code>RetryClient()</code></a> constructor.</p> <h2 class="hash-header" id="choosing-an-implementation">Choosing an implementation <a href="#choosing-an-implementation" class="hash-link">#</a></h2> <p>There are multiple implementations of the <code>package:http</code> <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/http/Client-class.html"><code>Client</code></a> interface. By default, <code>package:http</code> uses <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/browser_client/BrowserClient-class.html"><code>BrowserClient</code></a> on the web and <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/io_client/IOClient-class.html"><code>IOClient</code></a> on all other platforms. You can choose a different <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/http/Client-class.html"><code>Client</code></a> implementation based on the needs of your application.</p> <p>You can change implementations without changing your application code, except for a few lines of <a href="#2-configure-the-http-client">configuration</a>.</p> <p>Some well-supported implementations are:</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Implementation</th> <th>Supported Platforms</th> <th>SDK</th> <th>Caching</th> <th>HTTP3/QUIC</th> <th>Platform Native</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>package:http</code> — <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/io_client/IOClient-class.html"><code>IOClient</code></a></td> <td>Android, iOS, Linux, macOS, Windows</td> <td>Dart, Flutter</td> <td>❌</td> <td>❌</td> <td>❌</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>package:http</code> — <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/browser_client/BrowserClient-class.html"><code>BrowserClient</code></a></td> <td>Web</td> <td>Dart, Flutter</td> <td>―</td> <td>✅︎</td> <td>✅︎</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://pub.dev/packages/cupertino_http"><code>package:cupertino_http</code></a> — <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/cupertino_http/latest/cupertino_http/CupertinoClient-class.html"><code>CupertinoClient</code></a></td> <td>iOS, macOS</td> <td>Flutter</td> <td>✅︎</td> <td>✅︎</td> <td>✅︎</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://pub.dev/packages/cronet_http"><code>package:cronet_http</code></a> — <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/cronet_http/latest/cronet_http/CronetClient-class.html"><code>CronetClient</code></a></td> <td>Android</td> <td>Flutter</td> <td>✅︎</td> <td>✅︎</td> <td>―</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://pub.dev/packages/fetch_client"><code>package:fetch_client</code></a> — <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/fetch_client/latest/fetch_client/FetchClient-class.html"><code>FetchClient</code></a></td> <td>Web</td> <td>Dart, Flutter</td> <td>✅︎</td> <td>✅︎</td> <td>✅︎</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="markdown-alert markdown-alert-tip"> <p class="markdown-alert-title">Tip</p> <p>If you are writing a Dart package or Flutter plugin that uses <code>package:http</code>, you should not depend on a particular <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/http/Client-class.html"><code>Client</code></a> implementation. Let the application author decide what implementation is best for their project. You can make that easier by accepting an explicit <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/http/Client-class.html"><code>Client</code></a> argument. For example:</p> <pre><code class="language-dart">Future<Album> fetchAlbum({Client? client}) async { client ??= Client(); ... } </code></pre> </div> <h2 class="hash-header" id="configuration">Configuration <a href="#configuration" class="hash-link">#</a></h2> <p>To use an HTTP client implementation other than the default, you must:</p> <ol> <li>Add the HTTP client as a dependency.</li> <li>Configure the HTTP client.</li> <li>Connect the HTTP client to the code that uses it.</li> </ol> <h3 class="hash-header" id="1-add-the-http-client-as-a-dependency">1. Add the HTTP client as a dependency. <a href="#1-add-the-http-client-as-a-dependency" class="hash-link">#</a></h3> <p>To add a package compatible with the Dart SDK to your project, use <code>dart pub add</code>.</p> <p>For example:</p> <pre><code class="language-terminal"># Replace "fetch_client" with the package that you want to use. dart pub add fetch_client </code></pre> <p>To add a package that requires the Flutter SDK, use <code>flutter pub add</code>.</p> <p>For example:</p> <pre><code class="language-terminal"># Replace "cupertino_http" with the package that you want to use. flutter pub add cupertino_http </code></pre> <h3 class="hash-header" id="2-configure-the-http-client">2. Configure the HTTP client. <a href="#2-configure-the-http-client" class="hash-link">#</a></h3> <p>Different <code>package:http</code> <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/http/Client-class.html"><code>Client</code></a> implementations may require different configuration options.</p> <p>Add a function that returns a correctly configured <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/http/Client-class.html"><code>Client</code></a>. You can return a different <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/http/Client-class.html"><code>Client</code></a> on different platforms.</p> <p>For example:</p> <pre><code class="language-dart">Client httpClient() { if (Platform.isAndroid) { final engine = CronetEngine.build( cacheMode: CacheMode.memory, cacheMaxSize: 1000000); return CronetClient.fromCronetEngine(engine); } if (Platform.isIOS || Platform.isMacOS) { final config = URLSessionConfiguration.ephemeralSessionConfiguration() ..cache = URLCache.withCapacity(memoryCapacity: 1000000); return CupertinoClient.fromSessionConfiguration(config); } return IOClient(); } </code></pre> <div class="markdown-alert markdown-alert-tip"> <p class="markdown-alert-title">Tip</p> <p><a href="https://github.com/dart-lang/http/tree/master/pkgs/flutter_http_example" rel="ugc">The Flutter HTTP example application</a> demonstrates configuration best practices.</p> </div> <h4 id="supporting-browser-and-native">Supporting browser and native</h4> <p>If your application can be run in the browser and natively, you must put your browser and native configurations in separate files and import the correct file based on the platform.</p> <p>For example:</p> <pre><code class="language-dart">// -- http_client_factory.dart Client httpClient() { if (Platform.isAndroid) { return CronetClient.defaultCronetEngine(); } if (Platform.isIOS || Platform.isMacOS) { return CupertinoClient.defaultSessionConfiguration(); } return IOClient(); } </code></pre> <pre><code class="language-dart">// -- http_client_factory_web.dart Client httpClient() => FetchClient(); </code></pre> <pre><code class="language-dart">// -- main.dart import 'http_client_factory.dart' if (dart.library.js_interop) 'http_client_factory_web.dart' // The correct `httpClient` will be available. </code></pre> <h3 class="hash-header" id="3-connect-the-http-client-to-the-code-that-uses-it">3. Connect the HTTP client to the code that uses it. <a href="#3-connect-the-http-client-to-the-code-that-uses-it" class="hash-link">#</a></h3> <p>The best way to pass <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/http/Client-class.html"><code>Client</code></a> to the places that use it is explicitly through arguments.</p> <p>For example:</p> <pre><code class="language-dart">void main() { final client = httpClient(); fetchAlbum(client, ...); } </code></pre> <p>When using the Flutter SDK, you can use a one of many <a href="https://docs.flutter.dev/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/options" rel="ugc">state management approaches</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-alert markdown-alert-tip"> <p class="markdown-alert-title">Tip</p> <p><a href="https://github.com/dart-lang/http/tree/master/pkgs/flutter_http_example" rel="ugc">The Flutter HTTP example application</a> demonstrates how to make the configured <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/http/Client-class.html"><code>Client</code></a> available using <a href="https://pub.dev/packages/provider"><code>package:provider</code></a> and <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http_image_provider"><code>package:http_image_provider</code></a>.</p> </div> <p>When using the Dart SDK, you can use <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/http/runWithClient.html"><code>runWithClient</code></a> to ensure that the correct <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/http/Client-class.html"><code>Client</code></a> is used when explicit argument passing is not an option. For example, if you depend on code that uses top-level functions (e.g. <code>http.post</code>) or calls the <a href="https://pub.dev/documentation/http/latest/http/Client/Client.html"><code>Client()</code></a> constructor. When an <a href="https://dart.dev/language/concurrency#how-isolates-work">Isolate</a> is spawned, it does not inherit any variables from the calling Zone, so <code>runWithClient</code> needs to be used in each Isolate that uses <code>package:http</code>.</p> <p>You can ensure that only the <code>Client</code> that you have explicitly configured is used by defining <code>no_default_http_client=true</code> in the environment. This will also allow the default <code>Client</code> implementation to be removed, resulting in a reduced application size.</p> <pre><code class="language-terminal">$ flutter build appbundle --dart-define=no_default_http_client=true ... $ dart compile exe --define=no_default_http_client=true ... </code></pre> </section></div></div></div><aside class="detail-info-box"><a class="packages-scores" href="/packages/http/score"><div class="packages-score packages-score-like"><div class="packages-score-value -has-value"><span class="packages-score-value-number">7948</span><span class="packages-score-value-sign"></span></div><div class="packages-score-label">likes</div></div><div class="packages-score packages-score-health"><div class="packages-score-value -has-value"><span class="packages-score-value-number">160</span><span class="packages-score-value-sign"></span></div><div class="packages-score-label">pub points</div></div><div class="packages-score packages-score-popularity"><div class="packages-score-value -has-value"><span class="packages-score-value-number">100</span><span class="packages-score-value-sign">%</span></div><div class="packages-score-label">popularity</div></div></a><h3 class="title">Publisher</h3><p><a href="/publishers/dart.dev"><img class="-pub-publisher-shield filter-invert-on-dark" src="/static/hash-o6oemknr/img/material-icon-verified.svg" alt="verified publisher" width="14" height="14" title="Published by a pub.dev verified publisher"/>dart.dev</a></p><h3 class="title pkg-infobox-metadata">Metadata</h3><p>A composable, multi-platform, Future-based API for HTTP requests.</p><p><a class="link" href="https://github.com/dart-lang/http/tree/master/pkgs/http" rel="ugc">Repository (GitHub)</a><br/><a class="link" href="https://github.com/dart-lang/http/issues" rel="ugc">View/report issues</a><br/><a class="link" href="https://github.com/dart-lang/http/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md" rel="ugc">Contributing</a><br/></p><h3 class="title">Topics</h3><p><a href="/packages?q=topic%3Ahttp" rel="nofollow">#http</a> <a href="/packages?q=topic%3Anetwork" rel="nofollow">#network</a> <a href="/packages?q=topic%3Aprotocols" rel="nofollow">#protocols</a></p><h3 class="title">Documentation</h3><p><a class="link" href="/documentation/http/latest/">API reference</a><br/></p><h3 class="title">License</h3><p><img class="inline-icon-img filter-invert-on-dark" src="/static/hash-o6oemknr/img/material-icon-balance.svg" alt="" width="14" height="14" role="presentation"/>BSD-3-Clause (<a href="/packages/http/license">license</a>)</p><h3 class="title">Dependencies</h3><p><a href="/packages/async" title="^2.5.0">async</a>, <a href="/packages/http_parser" title="^4.0.0">http_parser</a>, <a href="/packages/meta" title="^1.3.0">meta</a>, <a href="/packages/web" title=">=0.5.0 <2.0.0">web</a></p><h3 class="title">More</h3><p><a href="/packages?q=dependency%3Ahttp" rel="nofollow">Packages that depend on 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class="packages-score-value-number">7948</span><span class="packages-score-value-sign"></span></div><div class="packages-score-label">likes</div></div><div class="packages-score packages-score-health"><div class="packages-score-value -has-value"><span class="packages-score-value-number">160</span><span class="packages-score-value-sign"></span></div><div class="packages-score-label">pub points</div></div><div class="packages-score packages-score-popularity"><div class="packages-score-value -has-value"><span class="packages-score-value-number">100</span><span class="packages-score-value-sign">%</span></div><div class="packages-score-label">popularity</div></div></a><h3 class="title">Publisher</h3><p><a href="/publishers/dart.dev"><img class="-pub-publisher-shield filter-invert-on-dark" src="/static/hash-o6oemknr/img/material-icon-verified.svg" alt="verified publisher" width="14" height="14" title="Published by a pub.dev verified publisher"/>dart.dev</a></p><h3 class="title pkg-infobox-metadata">Metadata</h3><p>A composable, multi-platform, Future-based API for HTTP requests.</p><p><a class="link" href="https://github.com/dart-lang/http/tree/master/pkgs/http" rel="ugc">Repository (GitHub)</a><br/><a class="link" href="https://github.com/dart-lang/http/issues" rel="ugc">View/report issues</a><br/><a class="link" href="https://github.com/dart-lang/http/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md" rel="ugc">Contributing</a><br/></p><h3 class="title">Topics</h3><p><a href="/packages?q=topic%3Ahttp" rel="nofollow">#http</a> <a href="/packages?q=topic%3Anetwork" rel="nofollow">#network</a> <a href="/packages?q=topic%3Aprotocols" rel="nofollow">#protocols</a></p><h3 class="title">Documentation</h3><p><a class="link" href="/documentation/http/latest/">API reference</a><br/></p><h3 class="title">License</h3><p><img class="inline-icon-img filter-invert-on-dark" src="/static/hash-o6oemknr/img/material-icon-balance.svg" alt="" width="14" height="14" role="presentation"/>BSD-3-Clause (<a href="/packages/http/license">license</a>)</p><h3 class="title">Dependencies</h3><p><a href="/packages/async" title="^2.5.0">async</a>, <a href="/packages/http_parser" title="^4.0.0">http_parser</a>, <a href="/packages/meta" title="^1.3.0">meta</a>, <a href="/packages/web" title=">=0.5.0 <2.0.0">web</a></p><h3 class="title">More</h3><p><a href="/packages?q=dependency%3Ahttp" rel="nofollow">Packages that depend on http</a></p></div><p class="detail-lead-back"><a class="detail-metadata-toggle">Back</a></p></div><div id="-screenshot-carousel" class="carousel"><fab id="-carousel-prev" class="mdc-fab carousel-prev carousel-nav" data-mdc-auto-init="MDCRipple" title="Previous" data-ga-click-event="screenshot-carousel-prev-click" tabindex="0"><div class="mdc-fab__ripple"></div><img class="mdc-fab__icon" src="/static/hash-o6oemknr/img/keyboard_arrow_left.svg" alt="previous" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true"/></fab><div id="-image-container" class="image-container"></div><fab 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