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href="#User_base"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 User base </div> </a> <ul id="toc-User_base-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concept" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concept"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Concept </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concept-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Technology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Corporate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xipiter_report"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Xipiter report </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xipiter_report-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Your_Voice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Your_Voice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Your Voice </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Your_Voice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Social media mobile app</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Open_Whisper_Systems" title="Open Whisper Systems">Open Whisper Systems</a>, an open-source software group, or <a href="/wiki/Whisper_(speech_recognition_system)" title="Whisper (speech recognition system)">Whisper</a>, the transcription model developed by OpenAI.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Whisper</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Whisper_app_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2b/Whisper_app_logo.png/100px-Whisper_app_logo.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2b/Whisper_app_logo.png/150px-Whisper_app_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2b/Whisper_app_logo.png/200px-Whisper_app_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">WhisperText LLC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">March 31, 2012 (2012-03-31)</td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release(s)</a> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Latest_stable_software_release/Whisper?action=edit">[±]</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Android</th><td class="infobox-data">9.58.0 / May 18, 2022; 2 years ago (2022-05-18)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">iOS</th><td class="infobox-data">8.38.0 / May 10, 2022; 2 years ago (2022-05-10)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Social_Networking" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Networking">Social Networking</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whisper.sh">whisper.sh</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16927887?uselang=en#P856" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Whisper</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category">Software</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality">Venice, California<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owners</th><td class="infobox-data">Brad Brooks, Michael Heyward</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whisper.sh">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16927887#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Whisper was a <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary</a> <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">mobile app</a> available without charge. It is a form of <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_social_media" title="Anonymous social media">anonymous social media</a>, allowing users to post and share photo and video messages anonymously,<a href="#cite_note-whisper_android-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-anonymous_social-5">[5]</a> although this claim has been challenged with privacy concerns over Whisper's handling of user data.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-6">[6]</a> The postings, called "whispers", consist of text superimposed over an image, and the background imagery is either automatically retrieved from Whisper's search engine or uploaded by the user.<a href="#cite_note-secret_sharing-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-create_on_iphone-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-create_on_android-9">[9]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Whisper_(app)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> The app was launched in March 2012 by WhisperText LLC. It was co-founded by CEO Michael Heyward<a href="#cite_note-10">[notes 1]</a><a href="#cite_note-F1_Bernie's_Boy_Wonder-11">[10]</a> and Brad Brooks.<a href="#cite_note-12">[notes 2]</a> Since 2015, the service has sought to become more of a <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">brand</a> <a href="/wiki/Online_advertising" title="Online advertising">advertising platform</a>, with promotional partnerships with <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>,<a href="#cite_note-whisper_contends-13">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-advertising3-14">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a>,<a href="#cite_note-disney_whisper-15">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a>,<a href="#cite_note-adage-16">[14]</a> and <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a>.<a href="#cite_note-advertising-17">[15]</a> In February 2016, Whisper also announced the launch of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish-language" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish-language">Spanish-language</a> version of its app on both iOS and Android devices, with an initial launch in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>,<a href="#cite_note-mexico-18">[16]</a> and in March, Whisper partnered with the <a href="/wiki/It_Gets_Better_Project" title="It Gets Better Project">It Gets Better Project</a> in Mexico (<a href="/wiki/It_Gets_Better_Project#Mexico" title="It Gets Better Project">Todo Mejora México</a>) on a campaign to empower <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTQ</a> voices in Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-it_gets_better-19">[17]</a> In June 2016, Whisper announced that they would be introducing <a href="/wiki/Video_advertising" title="Video advertising">video ads</a>, and started on July 3 with a partnership with <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Studios</a>' to promote the movie <a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Life_of_Pets" title="The Secret Life of Pets">The Secret Life of Pets</a>. Whisper said that it would share the most popular posts on its <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> page, which reportedly reached more than 200 million people.<a href="#cite_note-video_ads-20">[18]</a> In June 2016, Whisper also added a "Groups" function, which allows users to curate Whispers under different topics, and to connect with other users who have shared interests.<a href="#cite_note-groups-21">[19]</a> In February 2017, Whisper announced its partnership with <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> to promote the TV series <a href="/wiki/Big_Little_Lies_(TV_series)" title="Big Little Lies (TV series)">Big Little Lies</a>, and also embarked on promotional partnerships with <a href="/wiki/Dove_(toiletries)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dove (toiletries)">Dove soap</a> and <a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">Universal Music Group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-adage-16">[14]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/TechCrunch" title="TechCrunch">TechCrunch</a>, as of March 2017, Whisper has a total of 17 billion monthly pageviews on its mobile and desktop websites, social channels and publisher network, with 250 million monthly users across 187 countries.<a href="#cite_note-new_direction-22">[20]</a> It is owned by MediaLab.<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> In March 2017, Whisper launched a <a href="/wiki/Software_widget" title="Software widget">video widget</a> that publishers, primarily news websites, can embed within articles to feature contextual Whisper content.<a href="#cite_note-new_direction-22">[20]</a> In May 2017, <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a> partnered with Whisper to promote the <a href="/wiki/2017_MTV_Movie_%26_TV_Awards" title="2017 MTV Movie & TV Awards">2017 MTV Movie & TV Awards</a>. That same month, the <a href="/wiki/Tronc" class="mw-redirect" title="Tronc">Tronc</a> media company, which publishes the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>, began using Whisper's content widget on its websites.<a href="#cite_note-whisper_contends-13">[11]</a> In October 2022, Whisper was removed from the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> <a href="/wiki/App_Store_(iOS/iPadOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="App Store (iOS/iPadOS)">App Store</a>, and was added to the App Store again but was removed in 2023 again temporarily, but was recently restored to iOS in March of 2024. Whisper was again removed from the IOS App store and as of October 2024 is still not listed as an app.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In September 2024 the app was removed from the Google Play Store but returned in January 2025.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] But has since been removed from the App Store late January 2025. On January 28, 2025, a customer support team member named Suzie stated via email that "Due to the shutdown of the Whisper app, we are closing outstanding support tickets". Whisper has also been removed from the Google Play store. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Whisper_(app)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Features">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Madrigal" title="Alexis Madrigal">Alexis Madrigal</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a> describes the service as follows: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Anyone can post an anonymous message to the service in the form of an image macro: text overlaid on a picture. When you open the app, you see six such images. Each one has a "secret" on it. You can respond to a message publicly or privately, choosing a public anonymous post or a private pseudonymous chat. Users don't have a public identity in the app. While they do have persistent handles, there's no way to contact them except *through* the messages they post.<a href="#cite_note-massively_popular-24">[22]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="User_base">User base</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Whisper_(app)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: User base">edit</a>]</div> In April 2015, Whisper reached 10 million monthly <a href="/wiki/Active_users" title="Active users">active users</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-25">[23]</a> Stories about the app have appeared in <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-anonymous_social-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>,<a href="#cite_note-whisper_mobile-26">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>,<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a>,<a href="#cite_note-college_students-28">[26]</a> and Heyward was featured on Forbes' Top 30 under 30 in Technology list in January 2014.<a href="#cite_note-forbes_technology-29">[27]</a> In early November 2013, Whisper was reported to have reached 2.5 billion monthly page views and nearly 3 billion page views in December 2013.<a href="#cite_note-whisper_pageviews-30">[28]</a> Whisper has 10 billion monthly page views as of Spring 2015.<a href="#cite_note-auto-25">[23]</a> In December 2015, it was reported that Whisper had reached 20 million active users, double the number of users it had six months earlier.<a href="#cite_note-20_million-31">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-whisper_double-32">[30]</a> In April 2016, it was reported that Whisper had reached over 30 million monthly active users.<a href="#cite_note-30_million-33">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-favorite_social-34">[32]</a> In terms of demographics, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> named Whisper in September 2015 as a social media platform of choice for <a href="/wiki/Generation_Z" title="Generation Z">Generation Z</a> in an article about Internet habits among Generation Z and <a href="/wiki/Millennials" title="Millennials">Millennials</a>.<a href="#cite_note-generation_z-35">[33]</a> As of June 2017, 75% of Whisper's usership was between the ages of 18 and 34, and predominantly female, as reported by <a href="/wiki/Fast_Company_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast Company (magazine)">Fast Company</a> magazine, which also added that: "According to CrowdTangle data, Whisper's <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> page was the top-performing media <a href="/wiki/Fansite" title="Fansite">fan page</a> for interactions on the social network with approximately 200 million interactions in fiscal year 2016. If these metrics are correct, Whisper outperformed <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vice_Media" title="Vice Media">Vice</a>, and <a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed" title="BuzzFeed">BuzzFeed</a> on Facebook for interactions."<a href="#cite_note-fastcompany-36">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concept">Concept</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Whisper_(app)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Concept">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billie_Eilish_whisper_meme.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c7/Billie_Eilish_whisper_meme.png/250px-Billie_Eilish_whisper_meme.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c7/Billie_Eilish_whisper_meme.png/330px-Billie_Eilish_whisper_meme.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c7/Billie_Eilish_whisper_meme.png/500px-Billie_Eilish_whisper_meme.png 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="808" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Meme" title="Meme">meme</a> designed to look like a Whisper post</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/WCBS-TV" title="WCBS-TV">CBS New York</a> describes Whisper as "the place to go these days to vent, come clean, or peer into other people's secrets", and that the goal is that of "turning confessions into content".<a href="#cite_note-cbs-37">[35]</a> The app purports to promote online <a href="/wiki/Anonymity" title="Anonymity">anonymity</a>, and the developer claims this will prevent and combat <a href="/wiki/Cyberbullying" title="Cyberbullying">cyberbullying</a>.<a href="#cite_note-technology_cyberbullying-38">[36]</a> In October 2015, Whisper announced a partnership with the <a href="/wiki/Ad_Council" title="Ad Council">Ad Council</a> on the "I Am A Witness" anti-bullying campaign, along with other tech companies, including <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat">Snapchat</a>,<a href="#cite_note-anti-bullying-39">[37]</a> and in March 2016, Whisper announced a partnership with the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a>'s Best Practices for Responding to Online Hate.<a href="#cite_note-best_practices-40">[38]</a> The service's anonymity is claimed to have fostered a support network where concern and care among users has developed: according to Mashable, "The team regularly hears from users that the network's community has helped them stop self-harming behaviors."<a href="#cite_note-answer_cyberbullying-41">[39]</a> Another premise behind the service was to counter the "best possible self" ego-driven self-aggrandizing "vanity" posting done on Facebook, and as an antidote to the phenomenon of "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/overshare" class="extiw" title="wikt:overshare">oversharing</a>" and "too much information" that young users engage in online.<a href="#cite_note-over_oversharing-42">[40]</a> <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Dot" title="The Daily Dot">The Daily Dot</a> have called it "the anti-Facebook",<a href="#cite_note-anonymous_social-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-VCs_Bet-44">[42]</a> and Forbes Tech drew a contrast in stating that, "Whisper, even more than <a href="/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat">Snapchat</a>, is the anti-Facebook."<a href="#cite_note-anonymous_social-5">[5]</a> The digital-news website SMU SMC summed up all these points together: "In addition to preventing cyber bullies, Whisper gives users the opportunity to confess to things that could potentially ruin marriages, friendships or result in loss of job, without suffering consequences. You can over share without any repercussions."<a href="#cite_note-cyber_bullying-45">[43]</a> As described by Adweek, "This is a new type of social sharing, the kind that won't come back to haunt you."<a href="#cite_note-adweek2-46">[44]</a> Whisper has also been used as a platform for <a href="/wiki/Citizen_journalism" title="Citizen journalism">citizen journalism</a>. In June 2014, amid <a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">widespread violence and unrest in Iraq</a> and the Iraqi government's blocking of Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube, many Iraqis downloaded and used Whisper as a means of acting as real-time reporters, posting news and updates hours before the <a href="/wiki/Mainstream_media" title="Mainstream media">mainstream media</a>, as well as sharing political views and personal thoughts and feelings.<a href="#cite_note-cnn_whisper-47">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-iraqis_whisper-48">[46]</a> It is also used to create text-based <a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">memes</a> that appeal to <a href="/wiki/Generation_Z" title="Generation Z">Generation Z</a> Internet users. According to the analytics firm SensorTower, app downloads rose during 2021 as a large number of social media users, mostly on <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a>, started using Whisper to create meme images. In <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> article "Text Memes Are Taking Over Instagram", Taylor Lorenz wrote: "Confessional, overly personal messages paired with seemingly unrelated images allowed for an extra layer of humor and irony."<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technology">Technology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Whisper_(app)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Technology">edit</a>]</div> Development of the system was outsourced to Inaka,<a href="#cite_note-inaka-50">[48]</a> a web and mobile app development consultancy based in Seattle, Washington and Buenos Aires, Argentina.<a href="#cite_note-inaka_founder-51">[49]</a> The original system <a href="/wiki/Back-end_database" title="Back-end database">back end</a> used the <a href="/wiki/Riak" title="Riak">Riak</a> <a href="/wiki/NoSQL" title="NoSQL">NoSQL</a> database, but after performance problems with Riak the system was converted to use <a href="/wiki/MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apache_Cassandra" title="Apache Cassandra">Apache Cassandra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> Since 2013, Whisper has brought its technology team in-house. Whisper had 25 engineers in Venice, CA in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> In March 2016, <a href="/wiki/Fast_Company_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast Company (magazine)">Fast Company</a> reported that Whisper had recently begun to use <a href="/wiki/Deep_learning" title="Deep learning">deep learning</a> to build a content moderation tool, internally dubbed the Arbiter. The article noted that, because Whisper's Arbiter has knowledge to "reflect both the real things that millions of Whisper users have said and how moderators handled them, its understanding of language can be remarkably subtle."<a href="#cite_note-arbiter-55">[53]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>, Whisper is also using AI technology to create content. That system, the Times reports, "allows Whisper to gather related posts about issues at work, school or in relationships. Then, it organizes them, adds context and even writes a headline."<a href="#cite_note-latimes-56">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate">Corporate</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Whisper_(app)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Corporate">edit</a>]</div> The company, WhisperText LLC, is led by CEO Michael Heyward,<a href="#cite_note-whisper_valued-57">[55]</a> is based in the <a href="/wiki/Venice,_Los_Angeles" title="Venice, Los Angeles">Venice</a> tech hub of <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles, California</a>, now known as "<a href="/wiki/Silicon_Beach" title="Silicon Beach">Silicon Beach</a>",<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> and the company has offices in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> as well.<a href="#cite_note-privacy_apps-60">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-adweek-61">[59]</a> WhisperText LLC received its first round of <a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">venture-capital</a> funding from <a href="/wiki/Lightspeed_Venture_Partners" title="Lightspeed Venture Partners">Lightspeed Venture Partners</a> for $3 million in April 2013,<a href="#cite_note-lightspeed_invests-62">[60]</a> and then a second round of funding from <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_Capital" title="Sequoia Capital">Sequoia Capital</a>, Trinity Capital, Krum Capital, and Lightspeed for $21 million in September 2013.<a href="#cite_note-whisper_sequoia-63">[61]</a> PitchBook, an independent private equity and venture capital research firm, forecasted in November 2013 that Whisper is one of the likeliest social platform IPOs, with a pre-money valuation of $85 million.<a href="#cite_note-social_ipo-64">[62]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Om_Malik" title="Om Malik">Om Malik</a>, Founder and Senior Writer of <a href="/wiki/GigaOM" class="mw-redirect" title="GigaOM">GigaOM</a>, Whisper was already, as of July 2013, valued at $100 million.<a href="#cite_note-whisper_valued-57">[55]</a> In May 2014, Whisper confirmed that it raised an additional $36 million in venture funding from <a href="/wiki/Shasta_Ventures" title="Shasta Ventures">Shasta Ventures</a>, Sequoia Capital, <a href="/wiki/Thrive_Capital" title="Thrive Capital">Thrive Capital</a>, and Lightspeed Ventures.<a href="#cite_note-new_funding-65">[63]</a> Whisper has raised $61 million in total venture capital funding. Whisper has two parts to its advertising business: direct sales for advertising clients, and programmatic ads that show up on a user's phone when they use the Whisper app.<a href="#cite_note-fastcompany-36">[34]</a> Whisper has experimented with advertising by working with <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">Fox Studios</a>, <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios,_Inc." title="Universal Studios, Inc.">Universal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hulu" title="Hulu">Hulu</a> and <a href="/wiki/FX_(TV_channel)" title="FX (TV channel)">FX</a> on customized branded campaigns.<a href="#cite_note-advertising-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-advertising2-66">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-advertising3-14">[12]</a> In September 2015, <a href="/wiki/Adweek" title="Adweek">Adweek</a> revealed that <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a> was using Whisper to market its #makeithappy anti-cyberbullying campaign to Whisper's users.<a href="#cite_note-cocacola-67">[65]</a> In late 2015, Whisper embarked on an advertising partnership with <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar</a>, starting with the promotion of the 3D animated movie <a href="/wiki/The_Good_Dinosaur" title="The Good Dinosaur">The Good Dinosaur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-disney_whisper-15">[13]</a> In February 2016, <a href="/wiki/Mashable" title="Mashable">Mashable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Teen_Vogue" title="Teen Vogue">Teen Vogue</a> announced that Whisper had partnered with <a href="/wiki/Giphy" title="Giphy">Giphy</a> to allow <a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIFs</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Online_chat" title="Online chat">chat</a> section of its platform.<a href="#cite_note-giphy-68">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-giphy2-69">[67]</a> In April 2016, the app launched Whisper Polls, whereby brands can question potential consumers, the users, about various types of opinions, preferences, and interests. The app was also planning to start interacting directly with users through a "cards" feature, prompting users to post about specific topics.<a href="#cite_note-30_million-33">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-favorite_social-34">[32]</a> On April 13, 2016, Whisper was featured in a discussion on <a href="/wiki/The_Howard_Stern_Show" title="The Howard Stern Show">The Howard Stern Show</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Howard_Stern" title="Howard Stern">Howard</a> and co-host <a href="/wiki/Robin_Quivers" title="Robin Quivers">Robin</a> talked about confessions from men who were victims of <a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">domestic violence</a> at the hands of their own wives.<a href="#cite_note-howard_stern-70">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Whisper_(app)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Controversy">edit</a>]</div> The Whisper app has been criticized for requiring access to <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a> features such as the camera and the user's contact list, which is disclosed when the app is downloaded on the Android platform.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source?</a>] In May 2015, a 15-year-old girl from Bolton, Massachusetts was charged with making a threat on Whisper towards a school, referencing the <a href="/wiki/Columbine_shootings" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbine shootings">Columbine shootings</a>; she was tracked down using Whisper and GPS.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> In October 2017 a 54-year-old school bus driver in Newport News, VA was charged with using electronic media for sexual communication with a minor. He met the 15-year-old through the whisper app. In July 2018, a 31-year-old man from Toronto, Ontario, Canada allegedly met a 15-year-old girl using Whisper and was charged with luring a child, two counts of sexual assault and other charges, including possession of child pornography.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Whisper_(app)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Privacy policy">edit</a>]</div> The company's privacy policy reveals that it will turn over information in the case of requests from law enforcement in order to comply with applicable laws for enforceable government requests such as a subpoena.<a href="#cite_note-whisper_privacy-74">[72]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a>'s attorney Hanni Fakhoury commented in early 2014 that while Whisper may have no legal choice in the matter, "it's the doublespeak that's problematic." Fakhoury elaborated that: "You have to be very careful about selling a program as a secure way to secretly communicate, and then reserve the right to turn over that information whenever necessary."<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Guardian_allegations">The Guardian allegations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Whisper_(app)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The Guardian allegations">edit</a>]</div> In October 2014, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> newspaper alleged that:<a href="#cite_note-guardian-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> <ul><li>Whisper retains every user's posts indefinitely in a central database (including "deleted" posts), together with each post's timestamp and approximate geolocation, even if the user has opted out of geolocation;</li> <li>Whisper allegedly stores or processes user information outside the United States despite having told its users that "we process and store all information in the United States". Whisper has said that while it does use an outsourcing firm for content moderation based in the Philippines, no data is stored outside the US.<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a></li> <li>Whisper allegedly provides data it gathers (including geolocation data) to the <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a>, and <a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a>. Whisper participated in a DOD project about suicide prevention by sharing aggregate mentions of certain words on military bases.<a href="#cite_note-whisper_defense-78">[76]</a></li></ul> Whisper disputed nearly all the Guardian allegations<a href="#cite_note-heyward_response1-79">[77]</a> and made a point-by-point response to the Guardian.<a href="#cite_note-heyward_response2-80">[78]</a> After reading Whisper's response, Twitter's former security head <a href="/wiki/Moxie_Marlinspike" title="Moxie Marlinspike">Moxie Marlinspike</a> commented on <a href="/wiki/Hacker_News" title="Hacker News">Hacker News</a> that Whisper "should never have claimed to provide anonymity if it had to track users to make the app function".<a href="#cite_note-Hern-17-Oct-2014-81">[79]</a> He pointed out that there are many "hard problems" that need to be solved before a service can claim to provide truly unlinkable anonymity, and that "there are projects like <a href="/wiki/Tor_(anonymity_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor (anonymity network)">Tor</a> that are approaching these types of problems seriously, but apps like Whisper or <a href="/wiki/Secret_(app)" title="Secret (app)">Secret</a> end up poisoning the well and confusing users".<a href="#cite_note-Hern-17-Oct-2014-81">[79]</a> According to Marlinspike, Whisper was claiming that they could not track their users, when instead they were "squarely in the [would not] category".<a href="#cite_note-Hern-17-Oct-2014-81">[79]</a> On October 23, 2014, U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Jay_Rockefeller" title="Jay Rockefeller">Jay Rockefeller</a> asked Whisper's CEO to appear before him and the staff of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation to explain Whisper's tracking systems, tracking data retention, and data distribution. <a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed" title="BuzzFeed">BuzzFeed</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fusion_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fusion (TV channel)">Fusion (TV channel)</a> suspended their partnerships with Whisper.<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> In March 2015, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> published a clarification of the October 2014 piece in which it had made numerous allegations about Whisper's privacy protection and <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> policy.<a href="#cite_note-guardian_clarification-84">[82]</a> The Guardian clarified the claims regarding user location, data storage, changes to Whisper's terms of service and security policy and the sharing of user data with the US Department of Defense. It also removed an opinion piece titled "Think you can Whisper privately? Think again."<a href="#cite_note-guardian_backtracks-85">[83]</a> The retraction was covered by several news outlets, including <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-guardian_backpedals-86">[84]</a> <a href="/wiki/CNNMoney" class="mw-redirect" title="CNNMoney">CNN Money</a>,<a href="#cite_note-guardian_issues-87">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/TechCrunch" title="TechCrunch">TechCrunch</a>,<a href="#cite_note-guardian_publishes-88">[86]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mashable" title="Mashable">Mashable</a>.<a href="#cite_note-guardian_allegations-89">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Xipiter_report">Xipiter report</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Whisper_(app)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Xipiter report">edit</a>]</div> On March 22, 2015, a security startup called Xipiter published a report in which they outlined serious security concerns and the resistance they met when trying to bring these concerns to the attention of Whisper.sh. They claimed that they could hijack a user's account, post (publicly or privately) as a hijacked user, and view all of a user's current and past private messages.<a href="#cite_note-xipiter_2015_report-90">[88]</a> In response, Whisper's co-founder Michael Heyward and its CTO Chad DePue claimed that it is not possible to do such things with their app and accused Xipiter of fabricating their proof-of-concept video.<a href="#cite_note-Xipiter-businessinsider-91">[89]</a> Xipiter's claims have yet to be validated or disproved by independent security researchers.<a href="#cite_note-Xipiter-businessinsider-91">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Your_Voice">Your Voice</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Whisper_(app)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Your Voice">edit</a>]</div> Whisper Text LLC claims to have set up a companion <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">nonprofit</a> for its users called Your Voice, which, according to its website, is "dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Raising_awareness" class="mw-redirect" title="Raising awareness">raising awareness</a> about <a href="/wiki/Mental_health#Emotional_improvement" title="Mental health">mental health</a> issues on college campuses". The site claims to provide resources and support for college students dealing with <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">anxiety</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eating_disorder" title="Eating disorder">eating disorders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">sexuality</a> and <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTQ</a> issues, <a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">bullying</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suicide_prevention" title="Suicide prevention">suicide prevention</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stress_management" title="Stress management">stress management</a>.<a href="#cite_note-your_voice-92">[90]</a> The website provides links to various services run by other organizations, but offers no services of its own. The contact telephone number on the website to call for help is the <a href="/wiki/National_Suicide_Prevention_Lifeline" class="mw-redirect" title="National Suicide Prevention Lifeline">National Suicide Prevention Lifeline</a>, which is funded by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Health and Human Services">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Whisper_(app)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_social_media" title="Anonymous social media">Anonymous social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessions_page" title="Confessions page">Confessions page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostSecret" title="PostSecret">PostSecret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_(app)" title="Secret (app)">Secret (app)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian_Project_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Guardian Project (software)">The Guardian Project (software)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_(anonymity_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor (anonymity network)">Tor (anonymity network)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Whisper_(app)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Son of the entertainment executive <a href="/wiki/Andy_Heyward" title="Andy Heyward">Andy Heyward</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> CEO of mobile messaging service <a href="/wiki/TigerText" class="mw-redirect" title="TigerText">TigerText</a>. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Whisper_(app)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved December 13, 2016. <q>Buzzfeed, the Huffington Post and Fusion have suspended their pre-existing partnerships with Whisper in the wake of the Guardian's revelations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Top+senator+demands+explanation+from+Whisper+after+user+tracking+revelations&rft.date=2014-10-23&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Paul&rft.au=Rushe%2C+Dominic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2014%2Foct%2F23%2Fwhisper-social-media-app-revelations-location-tracking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhisper+%28app%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian_clarification-84"><a href="#cite_ref-guardian_clarification_84-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2015/mar/11/corrections-and-clarifications">"Corrections and clarifications: Whisper – a clarification"</a>. 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San Francisco, CA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230203062816/https://techcrunch.com/2015/03/11/guardian-vs-whisper/">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TechCrunch&rft.atitle=The+Guardian+Publishes+A+Pretty+Amazing+Whisper+%22Clarification%22&rft.date=2015-03-11&rft.au=Ha%2C+Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2015%2F03%2F11%2Fguardian-vs-whisper%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhisper+%28app%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian_allegations-89"><a href="#cite_ref-guardian_allegations_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBell,_Karissa2015" class="citation news cs1">Bell, Karissa (March 11, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mashable.com/2015/03/11/guardian-whisper-privacy-allegations-correction/">"The Guardian backtracks privacy allegations against Whisper"</a>. Mashable. New York, NY. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230203062834/https://mashable.com/archive/guardian-whisper-privacy-allegations-correction">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mashable&rft.atitle=The+Guardian+backtracks+privacy+allegations+against+Whisper&rft.date=2015-03-11&rft.au=Bell%2C+Karissa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmashable.com%2F2015%2F03%2F11%2Fguardian-whisper-privacy-allegations-correction%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhisper+%28app%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-xipiter_2015_report-90"><a href="#cite_ref-xipiter_2015_report_90-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150325201557/http://www.xipiter.com/musings/a-confederacy-of-privacy-dunces-what-we-found-under-the-hood-of-an-anonymous-chat-app-used-by-millions">""A confederacy of 'privacy' dunces": What we found under the hood of an 'anonymous' chat app used by millions"</a>. Xipiter. March 22, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xipiter.com/musings/a-confederacy-of-privacy-dunces-what-we-found-under-the-hood-of-an-anonymous-chat-app-used-by-millions">the original</a> on March 25, 2015. Retrieved March 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%22A+confederacy+of+%27privacy%27+dunces%22%3A+What+we+found+under+the+hood+of+an+%27anonymous%27+chat+app+used+by+millions&rft.date=2015-03-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xipiter.com%2Fmusings%2Fa-confederacy-of-privacy-dunces-what-we-found-under-the-hood-of-an-anonymous-chat-app-used-by-millions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhisper+%28app%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Xipiter-businessinsider-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Xipiter-businessinsider_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Xipiter-businessinsider_91-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJulie_Bort2015" class="citation web cs1">Julie Bort (March 23, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/whisper-app-fights-with-security-startup-xipiter-2015-3?r=US">"Inside the 'bizarre' public fight anonymous app Whisper is having with a security startup"</a>. Business Insider. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230203062821/https://www.businessinsider.com/whisper-app-fights-with-security-startup-xipiter-2015-3?r=US">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2023. Retrieved March 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inside+the+%27bizarre%27+public+fight+anonymous+app+Whisper+is+having+with+a+security+startup&rft.pub=Business+Insider&rft.date=2015-03-23&rft.au=Julie+Bort&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fwhisper-app-fights-with-security-startup-xipiter-2015-3%3Fr%3DUS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhisper+%28app%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-your_voice-92"><a href="#cite_ref-your_voice_92-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.your-voice.org/about-us">"About Us"</a>. Your Voice. Los Angeles, CA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131231002919/http://www.your-voice.org/about-us">Archived</a> from the original on December 31, 2013. Retrieved December 29, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Your+Voice&rft.atitle=About+Us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.your-voice.org%2Fabout-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhisper+%28app%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.your-voice.org/">"Your Voice"</a>. Whisper Text LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230203062809/http://www.your-voice.org/">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2023. Retrieved January 16, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Your+Voice&rft.pub=Whisper+Text+LLC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.your-voice.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhisper+%28app%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Whisper_(app)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whisper.sh">Official website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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title="Hi5">Hi5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hive_Social" title="Hive Social">Hive Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huddles_(app)" title="Huddles (app)">Huddles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idka" title="Idka">Idka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRC-Galleria" title="IRC-Galleria">IRC-Galleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaishou" title="Kuaishou">Kuaishou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumu_(social_network)" title="Kumu (social network)">Kumu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letterboxd" title="Letterboxd">Letterboxd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likee" title="Likee">Likee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiveJournal" title="LiveJournal">LiveJournal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeevansathi.com" title="Jeevansathi.com">Jeevansathi.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimony.com" title="Matrimony.com">Matrimony.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_(app)" title="Marco Polo (app)">Marco Polo</a></li> <li><a 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title="Snow (app)">Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaces_(social_network)" title="Spaces (social network)">Spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagged_(website)" title="Tagged (website)">Tagged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tal_Canal" title="Tal Canal">Tal Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tellonym" title="Tellonym">Tellonym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threads_(social_network)" title="Threads (social network)">Threads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinder_(app)" title="Tinder (app)">Tinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triller_(app)" title="Triller (app)">Triller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_Social" title="Truth Social">Truth Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuenti" title="Tuenti">Tuenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumblr" title="Tumblr">Tumblr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Time" title="TV Time">TV Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>/<a href="/wiki/X_(social_media_platform)" class="mw-redirect" title="X (social media platform)">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untappd" title="Untappd">Untappd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vero_(app)" title="Vero (app)">Vero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VK_(service)" title="VK (service)">VK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weibo" title="Weibo">Weibo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Whisper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yik_Yak" title="Yik Yak">Yik Yak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Professional_network_service" title="Professional network service">Professional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academia.edu" title="Academia.edu">Academia.edu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behance" title="Behance">Behance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brainly" title="Brainly">Brainly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCL_Connections" title="HCL Connections">HCL Connections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moodle" title="Moodle">Moodle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ResearchGate" title="ResearchGate">ResearchGate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solaborate" title="Solaborate">Solaborate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viadeo" title="Viadeo">Viadeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XING" title="XING">XING</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Yammer">Yammer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_social_networking_services" title="List of defunct social networking services">Defunct</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/App.net" title="App.net">App.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AsianAve" title="AsianAve">AsianAve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ask.fm" title="Ask.fm">Ask.fm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatars_United" title="Avatars United">Avatars United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebo" title="Bebo">Bebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_(website)" title="Bolt (website)">Bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BranchOut" title="BranchOut">BranchOut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capazoo" title="Capazoo">Capazoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloob" title="Cloob">Cloob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohost" title="Cohost">Cohost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EConozco" title="EConozco">eConozco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmodo" title="Edmodo">Edmodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ello_(social_network)" title="Ello (social network)">Ello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emojli" title="Emojli">Emojli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EWorld" title="EWorld">eWorld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyegroove" title="Eyegroove">Eyegroove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FitFinder" title="FitFinder">FitFinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FriendFeed" title="FriendFeed">FriendFeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_Reunited" title="Friends Reunited">Friends Reunited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendster" title="Friendster">Friendster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google%2B" title="Google+">Google+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Buzz" title="Google Buzz">Google Buzz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Currents_(social_app)" title="Google Currents (social app)">Google Currents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grono.net" title="Grono.net">Grono.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heello" title="Heello">Heello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hello_(social_network)" title="Hello (social network)">Hello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlight_(application)" title="Highlight (application)">Highlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houseparty_(app)" title="Houseparty (app)">Houseparty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyves" title="Hyves">Hyves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IdeaPlane" title="IdeaPlane">IdeaPlane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGTV" title="IGTV">IGTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Ping" title="ITunes Ping">iTunes Ping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWiW" title="IWiW">iWiW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaiku" title="Jaiku">Jaiku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keek" title="Keek">Keek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koo_(social_network)" title="Koo (social network)">Koo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifeknot" title="Lifeknot">Lifeknot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LunarStorm" title="LunarStorm">LunarStorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me2day" title="Me2day">Me2day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meerkat_(app)" title="Meerkat (app)">Meerkat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miiverse" title="Miiverse">Miiverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MixBit" title="MixBit">MixBit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobli" title="Mobli">Mobli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugshot_(website)" title="Mugshot (website)">Mugshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiply_(website)" title="Multiply (website)">Multiply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical.ly" title="Musical.ly">Musical.ly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natter_(social_network)" title="Natter (social network)">Natter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netlog" title="Netlog">Netlog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NK.pl" title="NK.pl">NK.pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkut" title="Orkut">Orkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path_(social_network)" title="Path (social network)">Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periscope_(service)" title="Periscope (service)">Periscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheed" title="Pheed">Pheed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piczo" title="Piczo">Piczo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlanetAll" title="PlanetAll">PlanetAll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterous" title="Posterous">Posterous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pownce" title="Pownce">Pownce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaiku" title="Qaiku">Qaiku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciencescape" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciencescape">Sciencescape</a> (Metaα)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SixDegrees.com" title="SixDegrees.com">SixDegrees.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyrock_(social_network_site)" title="Skyrock (social network site)">Skyrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/So.cl" title="So.cl">So.cl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotify_Live" title="Spotify Live">Spotify Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring.me" title="Spring.me">Spring.me</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streetlife_(website)" title="Streetlife (website)">Streetlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StudiVZ" title="StudiVZ">StudiVZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfbook" title="Surfbook">Surfbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talkbits" title="Talkbits">Talkbits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taringa!" title="Taringa!">Taringa!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tbh" title="Tbh">tbh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Community" title="Tea Party Community">Tea Party Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Voice" title="Third Voice">Third Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tout_(company)" title="Tout (company)">Tout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe.net" title="Tribe.net">tribe.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvtag" title="Tvtag">tvtag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vine_(service)" title="Vine (service)">Vine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Live_Spaces" title="Windows Live Spaces">Windows Live Spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wretch_(website)" title="Wretch (website)">Wretch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanga" title="Xanga">Xanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_360%C2%B0" title="Yahoo 360°">Yahoo! 360°</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Kickstart" title="Yahoo Kickstart">Yahoo! Kickstart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Mash" title="Yahoo Mash">Yahoo! Mash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Meme" title="Yahoo Meme">Yahoo! Meme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo_(app)" title="Yo (app)">Yo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_social_networking_software" title="Comparison of social networking software">Software comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-label_product" title="White-label product">White-label</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ning_(website)" title="Ning (website)">Ning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall.fm" title="Wall.fm">Wall.fm</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_network_analysis_software" title="Social network analysis software">Analysis software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_(social_network)" title="Diaspora (social network)">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_2.0_Suicide_Machine" title="Web 2.0 Suicide Machine">Web 2.0 Suicide Machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attention_inequality" title="Attention inequality">Attention inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessions_page" title="Confessions page">Confessions page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybersectarianism" title="Cybersectarianism">Cybersectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fediverse" title="Fediverse">Fediverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_identity" title="Online identity">Online identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-world_experiment" title="Small-world experiment">Small-world experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-world_network" title="Small-world network">Small-world network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_network" title="Social network">Social network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirst_trap" title="Thirst trap">Thirst trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_profile" title="User profile">User profile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_community" title="Virtual community">Virtual community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_virtual_communities_with_more_than_1_million_users" title="List of virtual communities with more than 1 million users">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hospitality_exchange_service" title="Hospitality exchange service">Hospitality exchange service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_social_network" title="Mobile social network">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_dating" title="Online dating">Online dating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_online_dating_services" title="Comparison of online dating services">comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_network_advertising" title="Social network advertising">Social network advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_network_hosting_service" title="Social network hosting service">Social network hosting service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_profiling" title="Social profiling">Social profiling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">User interface</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activity_stream" title="Activity stream">Activity stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand_page" title="Brand page">Brand 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href="/wiki/Privacy_concerns_with_social_networking_services" title="Privacy concerns with social networking services">Privacy concerns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problematic_social_media_use" title="Problematic social media use">Problematic social media use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_social_network_websites_in_investigations" title="Use of social network websites in investigations">Use in investigations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_use_in_politics" title="Social media use in politics">Use in politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_differences_in_social_network_service_use" title="Gender differences in social network service use">User gender differences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub">ActivityPub</a></li> <li><a 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</a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 2 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-66c7bc9456-swv4k","wgBackendResponseTime":171,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.835","walltime":"0.962","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7520,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":249038,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5816,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":27,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":356522,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":2,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 824.246 1 -total"," 52.33% 431.339 1 Template:Reflist"," 33.71% 277.824 77 Template:Cite_news"," 24.60% 202.790 3 Template:Infobox"," 15.51% 127.827 1 Template:Infobox_software"," 11.26% 92.816 13 Template:Cite_web"," 7.91% 65.185 1 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