Mammalian Meat Allergy and IgE to Alpha-Gal in Central Virginia: Findings From a COVID-19 Vaccine and Patient Cohort

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usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="lzxQKdUnP6SWIJMTo9r4oqsd69PjKPYFnjVQd4gzDN7ZOZbiNgqfYu2X5u7ffffw"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="lzxQKdUnP6SWIJMTo9r4oqsd69PjKPYFnjVQd4gzDN7ZOZbiNgqfYu2X5u7ffffw"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="lzxQKdUnP6SWIJMTo9r4oqsd69PjKPYFnjVQd4gzDN7ZOZbiNgqfYu2X5u7ffffw"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="lzxQKdUnP6SWIJMTo9r4oqsd69PjKPYFnjVQd4gzDN7ZOZbiNgqfYu2X5u7ffffw"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="38944197"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" 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data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 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In practice"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22J+Allergy+Clin+Immunol+Pract%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22J+Allergy+Clin+Immunol+Pract%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22J+Allergy+Clin+Immunol+Pract%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2024 Oct;12(10):2817-2825.e2.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.06.035. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2024 Jun 27. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Mammalian Meat Allergy and IgE to Alpha-Gal in Central Virginia: Findings From a COVID-19 Vaccine and Patient Cohort </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Richards+NE&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Nathan E Richards">Nathan E Richards</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ailsworth+SM&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Samuel M Ailsworth">Samuel M Ailsworth</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Workman+LJ&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lisa J Workman">Lisa J Workman</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Bortz+PS&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Pamela Schoppee Bortz">Pamela Schoppee Bortz</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Patel+J&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jaimin Patel">Jaimin Patel</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=MacCallum+M&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Matthew MacCallum">Matthew MacCallum</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Canderan+G&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Glenda Canderan">Glenda Canderan</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Murphy+D&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Deborah Murphy">Deborah Murphy</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Muehling+LM&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lyndsey M Muehling">Lyndsey M Muehling</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=McGowan+EC&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Emily C McGowan">Emily C McGowan</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Woodfolk+JA&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Judith A Woodfolk">Judith A Woodfolk</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kadl+A&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Alexandra Kadl">Alexandra Kadl</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Platts-Mills+TAE&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Thomas A E Platts-Mills">Thomas A E Platts-Mills</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wilson+JM&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jeffrey M Wilson">Jeffrey M Wilson</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. Electronic address: jmw2gc@virginia.edu." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/38944197/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-2" id="full-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-3" id="full-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. Electronic address: jmw2gc@virginia.edu.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38944197</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1016/j.jaip.2024.06.035&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2024.06.035" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.06.035 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <h1 class="heading-title"> Mammalian Meat Allergy and IgE to Alpha-Gal in Central Virginia: Findings From a COVID-19 Vaccine and Patient Cohort </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Nathan E Richards</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <span class="citation-year">2024 Oct</span><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/38944197/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title">Show details</span> </button> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"> <span class="button-label">Display options</span> </button> <div class="dropdown" hidden> <div class="title"> Display options </div> <div class="content"> <div class="format-container"> <span class="option-label"> Format </span> <select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="mobile-display-format"> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="pubmed">PubMed</option> <option value="pmid">PMID</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="full-article-details" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="article-citation"> <div class="article-source"> <div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="short-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 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In practice"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22J+Allergy+Clin+Immunol+Pract%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22J+Allergy+Clin+Immunol+Pract%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22J+Allergy+Clin+Immunol+Pract%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" 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Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ailsworth+SM&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Samuel M Ailsworth">Samuel M Ailsworth</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Workman+LJ&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lisa J Workman">Lisa J Workman</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Bortz+PS&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Pamela Schoppee Bortz">Pamela Schoppee Bortz</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Patel+J&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jaimin Patel">Jaimin Patel</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=MacCallum+M&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Matthew MacCallum">Matthew MacCallum</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Canderan+G&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Glenda Canderan">Glenda Canderan</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Murphy+D&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Deborah Murphy">Deborah Murphy</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Muehling+LM&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lyndsey M Muehling">Lyndsey M Muehling</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=McGowan+EC&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Emily C McGowan">Emily C McGowan</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Woodfolk+JA&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Judith A Woodfolk">Judith A Woodfolk</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kadl+A&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Alexandra Kadl">Alexandra Kadl</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Platts-Mills+TAE&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Thomas A E Platts-Mills">Thomas A E Platts-Mills</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wilson+JM&cauthor_id=38944197" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jeffrey M Wilson">Jeffrey M Wilson</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. Electronic address: jmw2gc@virginia.edu." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2" id="short-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3" id="short-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. Electronic address: jmw2gc@virginia.edu.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38944197</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1016/j.jaip.2024.06.035&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2024.06.035" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.06.035 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/38944197/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/38944197/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Background: </strong> IgE to galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) is linked to tick bites and an important cause of anaphylaxis and urticarial reactions to mammalian meat. The alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) is recognized as being common in the southeastern United States. However, prevalence studies are lacking and open questions remain about risk factors and clinical presentation of alpha-gal sensitization. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Objective: </strong> Here we characterized the prevalence as well as the presentation and risk factors of AGS and alpha-gal IgE sensitization in adults in central Virginia recruited without regard to the history of allergic disease. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Methods: </strong> Adults in central Virginia, primarily University of Virginia Health employees, were recruited as part of a COVID-19 vaccine study. Subjects provided at least one blood sample and answered questionnaires about medical and dietary history. We used ImmunoCAP for IgE assays and assessed the ABO blood group by reverse typing using stored serum. We also investigated biobanked serum from COVID-19 patients. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Results: </strong> Median age of the 267 enrollees was 42 years, 76% were female, and 43 (16%) were sensitized to alpha-gal (cutoff of 0.1 IU/mL), of which mammalian meat allergy was reported by seven (2.6%). Sensitized subjects (1) were older, (2) had higher total IgE levels but a similar frequency of IgE to common respiratory allergens, and (3) were more likely to report tick bites than were nonsensitized subjects. Among those who were sensitized, alpha-gal IgE levels were higher among meat-allergic than nonallergic subjects (geometric mean, 9.0 vs 0.5 IU/mL; P < .001). Mammalian meat and dairy consumption was common in individuals with low-level sensitization. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Conclusion: </strong> In central Virginia, AGS is a dominant cause of adult food allergy with a prevalence approaching or exceeding 2%. </p> </div> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Keywords: </strong> Alpha-gal; COVID-19; Food allergy; IgE; Mammalian meat allergy; Meat allergy; Red meat; Ticks. </p> </div> <p class="copyright" id="copyright"> Copyright 漏 2024 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. </p> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="disclaimer_link" data-ga-label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="similar-articles" id="similar"> <h2 class="title"> Similar articles </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/38193233/" ref="article_id=38193233&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="38193233" data-ga-label=""> Tick bites, IgE to galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose and urticarial or anaphylactic reactions to mammalian meat: The alpha-gal syndrome. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Wilson JM, Erickson L, Levin M, Ailsworth SM, Commins SP, Platts-Mills TAE.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Wilson JM, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Allergy. 2024 Jun;79(6):1440-1454. doi: 10.1111/all.16003. 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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""COVID-19/immunology"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""COVID-19/immunology"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Cohort Studies" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-8" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Cohort Studies </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-8" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Cohort Studies"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Cohort+Studies%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Cohort+Studies%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Cohort Studies"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Cohort Studies"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Cohort+Studies" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Cohort Studies"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Cohort Studies"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Cohort Studies"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Disaccharides / immunology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Disaccharides / immunology </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Disaccharides / immunology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Disaccharides%2Fimmunology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Disaccharides%2Fimmunology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Disaccharides/immunology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Disaccharides / immunology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Disaccharides" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Disaccharides / immunology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Disaccharides/immunology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Disaccharides/immunology"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Female" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Female </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Female"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Female"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Female"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Female" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Female"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Female"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Female"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Food Hypersensitivity* / diagnosis" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-11" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Food Hypersensitivity* / diagnosis </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-11" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Food Hypersensitivity* / diagnosis"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Food+Hypersensitivity%2Fdiagnosis%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Food+Hypersensitivity%2Fdiagnosis%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Food Hypersensitivity* / diagnosis"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Food+Hypersensitivity" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Food Hypersensitivity* / diagnosis"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Food Hypersensitivity* / epidemiology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-12" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Food Hypersensitivity* / epidemiology </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-12" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Food Hypersensitivity* / epidemiology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Food+Hypersensitivity%2Fepidemiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Food+Hypersensitivity%2Fepidemiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Food Hypersensitivity/epidemiology"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Food Hypersensitivity* / epidemiology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Food+Hypersensitivity" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Food Hypersensitivity* / epidemiology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Food Hypersensitivity/epidemiology"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Food Hypersensitivity/epidemiology"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Food Hypersensitivity* / immunology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-13" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Food Hypersensitivity* / immunology </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-13" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Food Hypersensitivity* / immunology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Food+Hypersensitivity%2Fimmunology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Food+Hypersensitivity%2Fimmunology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Food Hypersensitivity/immunology"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Food Hypersensitivity* / immunology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Food+Hypersensitivity" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Food Hypersensitivity* / immunology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Food Hypersensitivity/immunology"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Food Hypersensitivity/immunology"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Humans" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-14" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Humans </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-14" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Humans"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Humans"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Humans"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Humans"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Humans"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Humans"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Immunoglobulin E* / blood" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-15" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Immunoglobulin E* / blood </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-15" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Immunoglobulin E* / blood"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Immunoglobulin+E%2Fblood%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Immunoglobulin+E%2Fblood%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Immunoglobulin E/blood"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Immunoglobulin E* / blood"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Immunoglobulin+E" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Immunoglobulin E* / blood"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Immunoglobulin E/blood"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Immunoglobulin E/blood"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Male" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-16" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Male </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-16" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Male"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Male"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Male"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Male" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Male"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Male"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Male"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Meat" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-17" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Meat </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-17" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Meat"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Meat%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Meat%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Meat"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Meat"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Meat" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Meat"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Meat"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Meat"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Middle Aged" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-18" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Middle Aged </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-18" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Middle Aged"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Middle+Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Middle+Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Middle Aged"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Middle Aged"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Middle+Aged" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Middle Aged"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Middle Aged"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Middle Aged"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Prevalence" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-19" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Prevalence </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-19" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Prevalence"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Prevalence%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Prevalence%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Prevalence"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Prevalence"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Prevalence" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Prevalence"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Prevalence"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Prevalence"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Risk Factors" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-20" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Risk Factors </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-20" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Risk Factors"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Risk+Factors%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Risk+Factors%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Risk Factors"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Risk Factors"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Risk+Factors" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Risk Factors"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Risk Factors"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Risk Factors"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword SARS-CoV-2 / immunology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-21" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> SARS-CoV-2 / immunology </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-21" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword SARS-CoV-2 / immunology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22SARS-CoV-2%2Fimmunology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22SARS-CoV-2%2Fimmunology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="SARS-CoV-2/immunology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="SARS-CoV-2 / immunology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=SARS-CoV-2" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="SARS-CoV-2 / immunology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""SARS-CoV-2/immunology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" 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